Unit 5 Academic Vocabulary - Texas History

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1. Battle of Palmito Last battle of Civil War fought in Texas after General Lee's
Ranch surrender.

2. Robert E. Lee Confederate general/commander who had opposed se-

cession but did not believe the Union should be held
together by force

3. Ulysses S. Grant General of the Union Army at then end of the Civil War.
He was in command when Robert E. Lee surrendered at
Appomattox Courthouse VA.

4. Abraham Lincoln 16th president of the United States; helped preserve the
United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist
Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of
slavery.

5. Sam Hous- Warned Texas that the North was determined to keep the
ton/Civil War Union together-was against secession and was removed
form office as governor as a result.

6. Fort Sumter, 1861 Located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. One
of only two federal forts that had not fallen to Confederacy.
The troops needed provisions, or would have to surrender
to seige. Lincoln informed the South Carolinians that he
would send provisions but no reinforcements. When the
Union sent a naval force, the South opened fire on the Fort,
marking the official beginning of the Civil War. There were
no casualties (except for a horse) and the fort surrendered.

7. Appomattox Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate

Court House Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses
S. Grant

8. Presidential Re- Was the President's Lincoln's then Johnson's idea of re-
construction construction : all states had to end slavery, states had to
declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to
pledge their loyalty to the U.S.

9. Congressional Divided the South into 5 military districts and stationed

Reconstruction troops in each district. A process led by the Radical Re-
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 Unit 5 Academic Vocabulary - Texas History
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publicans that led to the usage of military force to protect
blacks' rights.

10. Emancipation Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it de-

Proclamation clared that all slaves in the confederate states would be
free

11. Black Codes Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves;
passed by southern states following the Civil War

12. Freedman's Bu- Set up to help freedmen and white refugees after Civil
reau, 1865 War. Provided food, clothing, medical care, and education.
First to establish schools for blacks to learn to read as
thousands of teachers from the north came south to help.
Lasted from 1865-72. Attacked by KKK and other south-
erners as "carpetbaggers" Encouraged former plantation
owners to rebuild their plantations, urged freed Blacks to
gain employment, kept an eye on contracts between labor
and management, etc

13. 13th Amendment Abolishes and prohibits slavery in the US.

(1865)

14. 14th Amendment This Amendment Defines Citizenship. It declares that all
(1868) persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed
equal protection of the laws

15. 15th Amendment Prohibited voting restrictions based on race, color, or

(1870) previous condition of servitude (slavery). In the US the
government cannot prevent a person from voting because
of race, color, or creed.

16. Texas Constitu- Texas's lengthy, much-amended constitution, a product

tion of 1876 of the post-Reconstruction era. In this Constitution, the
13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were ratified/approved
in Texas.

17. martial law Rule by the army instead of the elected government (such
as in the South as a result of the Military Reconstruction
Act)
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18. Sharecropping system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to

farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops

19. poll tax A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to
vote

20. frontier a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

21. Quanah Parker Last great chief of the Comanches during the frontier wars,
son Peta Nocona and Cynthia Ann Parker

22. Chief Satanta Kiowa Indian Chief known as the Orator of the Plains,
made a great speech at the Medicine Lodge Creek Coun-
cil in 1867

23. Red River Cam- first battle of an army of 3,000 troops moved in on Native
paign American camps from five different directions.

24. Cattle Drives the herding and moving of cattle over long distances typi-
cally from Texas to Kansas.

25. Longhorn breed of sturdy, long-horned cattle brought by the Spanish

to Mexico and suited to the dry conditions of the Texas

26. Chisholm Trail the major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas, through
Oklahoma to Abilene Kansas

27. Joseph Glidden Inventor of barbed wire

28. Open Range vast areas of grassland owned by the federal government

29. barbed wire Used to fence in land on the Great Plains, eventually
leading to the end of the open frontier.

30. renewable In energy management, an energy source that is either

potentially renewable or nondepletable - Example Wind
Energy

31. non-renewable

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Resources that cannot be replenished at rate they are
used

32. Texas Railroads Railroads were essential in the development of the early
Texas economy due to being able to transport crops that
had been produced much more efficiently.

33. Buffalo Soldiers Nickname for African-American soldiers who fought in the
wars against Native Americans living on the Great Plains
during the 1870s

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