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  • Nhaia Mttalia Aldrs 2

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    The document discusses limits of functions as the variable approaches positive infinity. It provides examples of limits for various functions including polynomials, rational functions, and radical functions. It also discusses limits as the variable approaches negative infinity or as n approaches positive infinity for sequences. The key results are that limits of polynomials of degree greater than 0 are positive infinity as the variable goes to positive infinity, and limits of polynomials of degree less than 0 are 0. Rational functions can have limits of 0, positive infinity, or non-existent depending on the degree of the numerator and denominator.

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    The document discusses limits of functions as the variable approaches positive infinity. It provides examples of limits for various functions including polynomials, rational functions, and radical functions. It also discusses limits as the variable approaches negative infinity or as n approaches positive infinity for sequences. The key results are that limits of polynomials of degree greater than 0 are positive infinity as the variable goes to positive infinity, and limits of polynomials of degree less than 0 are 0. Rational functions can have limits of 0, positive infinity, or non-existent depending on the degree of the numerator and denominator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    4 views5 pages

    Nhaia Mttalia Aldrs 2

    Uploaded by

    fimoam.extra
    The document discusses limits of functions as the variable approaches positive infinity. It provides examples of limits for various functions including polynomials, rational functions, and radical functions. It also discusses limits as the variable approaches negative infinity or as n approaches positive infinity for sequences. The key results are that limits of polynomials of degree greater than 0 are positive infinity as the variable goes to positive infinity, and limits of polynomials of degree less than 0 are 0. Rational functions can have limits of 0, positive infinity, or non-existent depending on the degree of the numerator and denominator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    2 : ,-‫ ة ر‬.

    / ‫ ﻓﻲ درس ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬2 ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة رﻗﻢ‬


    :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ : ‫ا رس‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا ھ اف ا رات ا‬

    +∞ ‫ت ر‬ .I
    3 4
    ‫ و‬lim x ‫ و‬lim 9 x 2 ‫و‬ lim x ‫ و‬lim x 7 ‫و‬ lim x3 ‫ و‬lim x 2 ‫و‬ lim x : ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬:‫ط‬
    x →+∞ 8 x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞

    lim − 6 x ‫ و‬lim − 4 x7 ‫و‬ lim − x3 ‫و‬ lim − x 2 ‫و‬ lim − x ‫و‬ lim 7 x ‫ و‬lim 3x6
    x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞

    : ( ) *+ ,-. / ℕ ‫ أو '&ء‬ℕ ‫ا وال ا د‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا د ھ‬ "‫ نا‬$‫و‬


    : 1! " #
    +∞ ‫ ا‬n ‫ول‬12 +∞ ‫ول ا‬12 p ≥ 4 ‫ و‬p∈ℕ 0 (n ) p
    ‫و‬ ( n) ‫و‬ (n ) ‫( و‬n )
    3 2
    ‫( و‬n) : ' "‫ا" تا‬
    lim n = +∞ ‫و‬ lim n p = +∞ ‫و‬ lim n 2 = +∞ ‫و‬ lim n = +∞ : $‫و‬
    n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞

    : 2! " #
    −∞ ‫ول ا‬12 ( −un ) "‫نا‬ +∞ ' ( un ) 3 4 ‫إذا‬
    0 ‫ت ر‬ .II
     1 ‫و‬  1 ‫ و‬ 1  ‫ و‬ 1 ‫و‬ 1 : ' "‫تا‬ " ‫ا‬:! " #
       p     2  
     n n   n3   n  n
    +∞ ‫ ا‬n ‫ول‬12 0 ‫ول ا‬12 p ≥ 4 ‫ و‬p ∈ ℕ 0
    lim
    1
    =0 ‫ و‬lim 1 = 0 ‫ و‬lim 12 = 0 : $ ‫و‬
    n →+∞ n →+∞ np n →+∞ n
    n
    8 2 −6 −2 4
    lim ‫ و‬lim ‫و‬ lim ‫و‬ lim ‫و‬ lim : ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ أ‬:1 & '
    n→+∞ n7 n →+∞
    n n →+∞
    n n →+∞ n3 n →+∞ n
    1
    lim − n6 ‫ و‬lim − 3n5
    lim 2n9 ‫و‬
    n →+∞ n→+∞ 2 n →+∞

    8 2 −6 −2 4
    lim =0 ‫ و‬lim = 0 ‫ و‬lim = 0 ‫ و‬lim 3 = 0 ‫ و‬lim = 0 :!()*‫أ‬
    n →+∞ n 7 n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞ n n→+∞ n
    n n
    1
    lim 2n9 = +∞ ‫و‬ lim − n6 = −∞ ‫ و‬lim − 3n5 = −∞
    n →+∞ n →+∞ 2 n →+∞

    :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 1
    ‫دد‬ ‫ت‬ .I
    8 2 −4 41
    lim ‫ و‬lim ‫و‬ − 7 ‫ و‬lim + 3 :
    lim + 5 ‫ و‬lim
    ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬:‫ل‬
    n →+∞ n 7 n →+∞ 3
    n →+∞
    n →+∞ n n →+∞ n
    n n
    8 2 4 −4 1
    lim =0 ‫ و‬lim = 0 ‫ و‬lim + 5 = 0 + 5 = 5 ‫ و‬lim 3 −7 = 0−7 =−7 ‫ و‬lim + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3 :!()*‫أ‬
    n →+∞ n 7 n →+∞ n→+∞ n→+∞ n n→+∞ n
    n n
    : ‫ ت‬12
    (‫ ر‬9 " 2 9 9 ‫دا‬ ‫ ن‬$2 ,4 •
    ‫; ة‬ " 2 (‫ ر‬9 < ,4 •

    (a ) n
    ‫ا‬ .II
    9 9 ‫ دا‬a $ :! " #
    +∞ ‫ول إ‬12 ( a ) : ‫ ن‬a ≻ 1 : ‫ ن‬4 ‫ إذا‬.1
    n

    1 ‫ول إ‬12 ( a n ) : ‫ ن‬a = 1 : ‫ ن‬4 ‫ إذا‬.2


    0 ‫ول إ‬12 ( a n ) : ‫ ن‬−1 ≺ a ≺ 1 : ‫ ن‬4 ‫ إذا‬.3
    3 (a )
    n
    " ‫ ا‬: ‫ ن‬a ≤ −1 : ‫ ن‬4 ‫ إذا‬.4

    lim ( −5)
    n
    , lim  2  , lim 2n :
    n
    ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ أ‬: !3 ‫أ‬
    n→+∞
     
    n→+∞ 3 n→+∞
    n

    −1 < a =
    2
    < 1: ‫ =ن‬lim  2  =0 a = 2 > 1 :‫=ن‬ lim 2n =+∞ : :!()*‫أ‬
    n→+∞
    3 n→+∞
    3
    a = −5 < −1 :‫=ن‬ 3 ( −5 )
    n

    lim ( 4 ) , lim ( −2 ) , lim ( 3) − lim ( 2 ) , lim ( 0, 7 )


    ( 5)
    n −n n n 1 n n
    , lim , : ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬: 2 & '
    n→+∞ n n→+∞
    ( 4) 2
    n →+∞ n n→+∞ n→+∞ n→+∞

    −1 < a = 0.7 < 1 : ‫=ن‬ lim ( 0.7 ) =0


    n
    : :!()*‫أ‬
    n→+∞

    1 a = 2 > 1 :‫ =ن‬lim 2 =+∞


    n
    lim ( 3) − = +∞ − 0 = +∞ ‫و‬
    n

    n→+∞ 2n n→+∞

    a = −2 < −1 :‫=ن‬ 3 ( −2)


    n

    5 (5)
    n n
    a= > 1 :‫=ن‬
    n

    lim
    5
    = lim   = +∞ ‫و‬ −1 < a =
    1
    < 1: ‫ =ن‬lim ( 4 )− n = lim 1 = lim  1  = 0
    4 (4) (4)
    n
    4
    n n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞
    n →+∞
     
    n →+∞ 4 4

    ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬.III


    ‫ا وال ا د‬ > ‫تا د ھ‬ "‫ا‬ ‫ أن ا " ت‬,;9 9 9 ‫ أ ادا‬l ′ ‫ و‬l ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ( vn ) ‫ ( و‬u n ) $
    ‫ ب‬6‫وا‬4 ‫ا‬ .1

    lim un l +∞ −∞ +∞ −∞ −∞
    lim un l +∞ +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ ∞
    lim vn l′ −∞ −∞ 0
    l ≻ 0 l ≺ 0 l ≻ 0 l ≺ 0 +∞
    lim vn l′ l l +∞ −∞ +∞

    +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞ +∞ +∞ −∞ ‫ش‬
    lim( u ×v ) l ×l′
    ‫شغم‬
    n n
    ‫غ‬
    +∞ +∞ +∞ −∞
    ‫م‬ lim( un +vn) l + l′

    :‫ رج‬9 ‫)ب و ا‬3 ‫ ا‬.2


    lim un l≠0 0 +
    0 − +∞ −∞

    1 1
    lim
    u l +∞ −∞ 0+ 0−

    :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 2
    n
    2 2 5 (1 :
    lim −  + 2 −1 ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ أ‬: !3 ‫أ‬ lim u n l l≺0 l ≻0 −∞ l≺0 l ∞ 0
    n→+∞ 3n 3 n
    ( 3) + ( 2 ) (4 , 4n 2 − 3n − 7 limvn l′ ≠0 +∞ −∞ l ≺ 0 −∞ ∞ ∞
    n n
    (3  1  2  (2 0
    lim lim lim  −3 + 1 + 
    n→+∞
    ( 2)
    n n →+∞ 3n 2 + 5 n→+∞
     n  n

    lim n − 2n lim n 2 − n 0− 0− +∞ 0+ 0 C C
    n →+∞ (6 n →+∞ (5 u
    lim n l ‫غ‬ <
    vn l′ ‫م‬ ‫م‬

    n
    5 2 2 2 5
    lim =0 ‫ و‬nlim = 0 ‫ و‬−1 < a = 2 < 1 :‫ =ن‬lim −   + 2 − 1 = 0 − 0 + 0 − 1 = −1 (1:!()*‫أ‬
    n →+∞ n 2 →+∞ 3n 3 n →+∞ 3n  3  n
    2 1  1  2 
    lim =0 ‫و‬ lim = 0 :‫ =ن‬lim  −3 + 1 +
    →+∞  = ( −3 + 0 )(1 + 0 ) = ( −3)(1) = −3
    n →+∞ n n n n →+∞
     n  n (2
    5 7 3  3 7   3 7 
    lim = 0 ‫ و‬lim 2 = 0 ‫و‬ lim =0 :‫=ن‬ n2  4 − − 2  4− − 2  4
    4 n 2 − 3n − 7  n n   n n 
    n →+∞ n 2 n →+∞ n n →+∞ n lim = lim = lim =
    n → +∞ 3n 2 + 5 n → +∞  5  n → +∞  5  3
    n2  3 + 2   3 + 
     n   n2  (3
    +∞−∞ : , ;B ‫د‬. < ,$C ,-. ‫ ة‬C ; ‫ ب‬. ‫ ا‬lim n − n 2
    n →+∞ (5
    −1 < a = < 1 +∞×+∞ = +∞
    2
    ‫ و‬nlim n − 1 = +∞ ‫و‬ lim n = +∞ :‫ =ن‬lim n − n = lim n ( n − 1) = +∞
    2

    3 →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞ (4


    ( 3) + ( 2) ( 3) + ( 2) = lim  3 
    n n n n n

    lim = lim   +1 = +∞+1 = +∞


    ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) n→+∞  2 
    n→+∞ n n→+∞ n n

    +∞−∞ : , ;B ‫د‬. < ,$C ,-. ‫ ة‬C ; ‫ ب‬. ‫ ا‬lim n − 2n


    (6 n →+∞

    +∞×−∞ = −∞ ‫ و‬lim 1 − 2 n = −∞ ‫و‬


    n →+∞
    ( ) lim n = +∞ :‫ =ن‬lim n − 2n = lim n 1 − 2 n = −∞
    n→+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞
    ( )
    : ! 12
    '‫; در‬4=‫ھ ا‬ ‫ود ھ‬
    . '‫; در‬4=‫ا‬ ‫ رج‬G ‫ر ھ‬H'
    1
    9n − 3
    5+
    lim (4 lim 6n − 2n + 7n − 9 (3 lim 4n − 5n + 3n − 1 (2 lim
    3 5 3
    n 2
    (1 : ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ أ‬:3 & '
    n →+∞ 3n + 5 n→+∞ n →+∞ n → +∞ 7
    3− 2
    n
    7 n 2 + 1 (7 n 2 + 1 (6 6n 2 − 9
    lim ( n + 1) − ( n − 1) (8
    2 2
    lim lim lim (5
    n →+∞ n →+∞ 14 n 3 − 5n + 9 n →+∞ n + 3n − 4
    5 n →+∞ 3n + 1

    1
    7 1 5+
    lim =0 lim = 0 :‫=ن‬ lim n =5 (1 :!()*‫أ‬
    n →+∞ n 2 n →+∞ n
    n →+∞ 7 3
    3− 2
    n
    '‫; در‬4=‫ھ ا‬ ‫ود ھ‬ :‫ =ن‬lim 4n3 − 5n 2 + 3n − 1 = lim 4n3 = +∞ (2
    n →+∞ n→+∞

    :‫ =ن‬lim 6n − 2n + 7n − 9 = lim − 2n5 = ∞


    3 5
    n→+∞ n→+∞ (3
    '‫; در‬4=‫ھ ا‬ ‫ود ھ‬
    . '‫; در‬4=‫ا‬ ‫ رج‬G ‫ر ھ‬H' :‫ =ن‬lim 9n − 3 = lim 9n = 9 = 3
    n→+∞ 3n + 5
    n →+∞ 3n 3 (4
    6n − 9 2
    6n 3× 2 × n × n
    2
    '‫; در‬4=‫ا‬ ‫ رج‬G ‫ر ھ‬H' :‫ =ن‬lim = lim = lim = lim 2 × n = +∞ (5
    n→+∞ 3n + 1 n→+∞ 3n n→+∞ 3n n→+∞

    n2 + 1 n2 n×n 1
    lim = lim = lim = lim 3 = 0
    n →+∞ n5 + 3n − 4 n →+∞ n5 n→+∞ n × n × n × n × n n →+∞ n
    (6
    7n2 + 1 7n2 7n × n 1
    lim = lim = lim = lim =0
    n→+∞ 14n3 − 5n + 9 n→+∞ 14n3 n →+∞ 14n × n × n n→+∞ 2n
    (7
    +∞−∞ : , ;B ‫د‬. < ,$C ,-. ‫ ة‬C ; ‫ ب‬. ‫ ا‬lim ( n + 1)2 − ( n − 1)2
    n →+∞ (8
    :‫ =ن‬lim ( n +1) −( n −1) = lim n +2n+1−( n −2n+1) = lim4n =+∞
    2 2
    lim n = +∞
    2 2
    n →+∞ n→+∞ n→+∞ n→+∞

    :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 3
    : ‫ا روس‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ل‬. :4 & '
    v n = un + 2 : 4 " ‫( ا‬v n ) ‫ا د‬ " ‫∀ و ; ا‬n ∈ ℕ un+1 = 5un +8 : 4 " ‫( ا‬u n ) ‫ا د‬ "‫; ا‬
    u0 = 4
    v 1 ‫ و‬v 0 ‫ و‬u1 ‫ أ‬.1
    5 : J J‫أ‬ J ‫ھ‬ (vn ) ‫أن‬ ( .2
    n K ( v n 4‫ أ‬.3
    n K ( u n * J‫ ا‬.4
    lim un ‫ و‬lim vn : ‫ أ‬.5
    n →+∞ n →+∞
    u 0+1 = 5 × u 0 + 8 = 5 × 4 + 8 = 28
    : L 0‫ب‬n ‫( ض‬1 :‫ اب‬L ‫ا‬
    v 0 = u0 + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6 : L 0 ‫ ب‬n ‫ض‬
    v 1 = u1 + 2 = 28 + 2 = 30 : L 1 ‫ ب‬n ‫ض‬
    v n +1 u n +1 + 2 5u n + 8 + 2 5u n + 10 5 (u n + 2 )
    = = = = =5=q (2
    vn un + 2 un + 2 un + 2 un + 2
    v 0 = 6 ‫ و ھ ا=ول‬5 = q J J‫أ‬ J ‫( ھ‬v n ) " ‫ ا‬:‫اذن‬
    n K ( vn ( 4 (3
    v0 ‫ و ھ ا=ول‬5 = q J J‫أ‬ J ‫( ھ‬v n ) " ‫(" أن ا‬
    v n = 6 × (5)
    n
    :‫أي‬ vn = v0 × q n :‫ن‬
    n K ( u n ‫ ج‬J‫ا‬
    u = 6 × ( 5 ) − 2 :‫ أي‬v n − 2 = u n :‫ اذن‬v n = u n + 2 :
    n
    n (4
    1< q = 5 lim ( 5 ) = 0 : ‫ =ن‬: lim v n = lim 6 × ( 5 ) = +∞ (5
    n n
    n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞

    lim u n = lim 6 × ( 5 ) − 2 = +∞
    n

    n →+∞ n →+∞

    8
    vn = un − : 4 "‫ا‬ (v n ) ‫ا د‬

    " ‫∀ و ; ا‬n ∈ ℕ un+1 = 4un +2 :
    1
    4 " ‫( ا‬u n ) ‫ا د‬ "‫; ا‬ :5 & '
    3 u0 =−1
    v 1 ‫ و‬v 0 ‫ و‬u1 ‫ أ‬.1
    1 : J J‫أ‬ J ‫ھ‬ (v n ) ‫أن‬ ( .2
    4
    n K ( v n 4‫ أ‬.3
    n K ( u n * J‫ ا‬.4
    lim un ‫ و‬lim vn : ‫ أ‬.5
    n →+∞ n →+∞

    7
    u1 = 1 1 1 7
    u0 +1 = × u0 + 2 = × ( −1) + 2 = − + 2 = :
    4 : ‫اذن‬ 4 4 4 4 0‫ب‬n ‫( ض‬1 ( '=‫ا‬ L
    8 11 8 19 8 8 11
    v1 = u1 − = − − = − ‫ و‬v0 = u0 − = −1 − = − : L 0 ‫ ب‬n ‫ض‬
    3 3 3 3 : L 1 ‫ب‬n‫ض‬ 3 3 3
    11 8 1 8 1 2 1 u − 8 
    u n +1 − un + 2 − un −
    v0 = − ‫ و ھ ا=ول‬1 = q J J‫أ‬ J ‫( ھ‬v n ) " ‫ ا‬:‫اذن‬ vn +1
    = 3= 4 3= 4
     n
    3 = 4

    3 1
    = = q (2
    3 4 vn 8 8 8 8 4
    un − un − un − un −
    3 3 3 3
    :‫أي‬ vn = v0 × q n :‫ ن‬v0 ‫ و ھ ا=ول‬1 = q J J‫أ‬ J ‫( ھ‬v n ) " ‫(" أن ا‬: n K ( vn ( 4
    n
    11  1 
    vn = − ×  (3
    3 4 4
    8 8
    11  1  8 :‫أي‬ vn + = un :‫اذن‬ v n = un − : n K ( u n ‫ ج‬J‫( ا‬4
    n

    un = − ×  +
    3 4 3 3 3
    n
    1
    lim   = 0 : ‫=ن‬
    n n
    11  1  8 8 1 11  1 
    lim u n = lim − ×   + = −1 < a = < 1 lim vn = lim − ×   = 0 (5
    n →+∞ n →+∞ 3 4 3 3 4  
    n→+∞ 4 n →+∞ n →+∞ 3 4
    :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 4
    vn =un −10 : 4 " ‫( ا‬v n ) ‫ا د‬ " ‫∀ و ; ا‬n ∈ ℕ u n +1 = 1 u n + 5 : 4 " ‫( ا‬u n ) ‫ا د‬ "‫; ا‬ :6 & '
     2
    u 0 = 4

    v 1 ‫ و‬v 0 ‫ و‬u2 ‫ و‬u1 ‫ أ‬.1


    1 J J‫أ‬ J ‫ھ‬ (vn ) ‫أن‬ ( .2
    2
    n K ( u n * J‫ و ا‬n K ( v n 4‫ أ‬.3
    lim un ‫ و‬lim vn : ‫ أ‬.4
    n →+∞ n →+∞

    u1 = 7 : ‫اذن‬ 1 1
    u 0 +1 = × u 0 + 5 = × 4 + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 : L 0‫ب‬n ‫ض‬ :‫ اب‬L ‫ا‬
    2 2
    17
    u2 = 1 1 7 10 17
    u = ×u + 5 = × 7 + 5 = + =
    2 : ‫ اذن‬1+1 2 1 2 2 2 2 : L 1 ‫ب‬n‫ض‬
    v 0 = u 0 − 10 = 4 − 10 = −6 : L 0 ‫ ب‬n ‫ ض‬:
    v 1 = u1 − 10 = 7 − 10 = −3 : L 1 ‫ ب‬n ‫ض‬
    1 1 1 10 1
    v n +1 u n +1 −10 2 n
    u + 5 −10 un − 5 un − (un −10) 1
    = = = 2 = 2 2 =2 = =q
    vn u n −10 u n −10 u n −10 u n −10 u n −10 2 (2

    v 0 = −6 ‫ و ھ ا=ول‬1 = q J J‫أ‬ J ‫( ھ‬v n ) " ‫ ا‬:‫اذن‬


    2
    n K ( vn ( 4(3
    n
    1
    v n = ( −6 ) ×   :‫ ن‬v 0 = −6 ‫ = و ھ ا=ول‬q J ‫( ھ‬v n )
    1
    J J‫أ‬ " ‫(" أن ا‬
    2 2
    n
    1 v n = u n − 10 :
    u n = −6   + 10 :‫ أي‬v n + 10 = u n :‫اذن‬ :n K ( u n ‫ ج‬J‫ا‬
    2
    n
    ‫ و=ن‬lim  1  = 0 : ‫ =ن‬:
    n
    1 1
    −1 < a = <1 lim v n = lim − 6 ×   = 0 (4
    2  
    n →+∞ 2 n →+∞ n →+∞
    2
    n
    1
    lim u n = lim − 6 ×   + 10 = 0 + 10 = 10
    n →+∞ n →+∞
    2

    :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 5

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