A STUDY ON HEALTH INSURANCE AMONG

HOUSEHOLD IN TRISSUR

CHAPTER 1.

Introduction
The history of insurance dates back thousands of years. Numerous tribes and communities
have declared insurance to be their contribution. The insurance reduces losses by distributing
the risk, which extends beyond its main function of provide protection. The enormous sum of
money received as premiums from in addition to their solvency reserves for unanticipated
events, millions of insurance policy holders must invest in accordance with the regulatory
standards that are mandatory. These financial infusions support trade growth and industrial
development inside the economy. To lower the cost of claims, insurance firms typically run
programs to inform their customers on the various facets of risk, as well as how to manage
and reduce it. Most healthcare needs can be covered by health insurance because it is
frequently unpredictable and quite expensive. Everyone eventually requires healthcare of
some kind. during their lives. Therefore, the best choice is health insurance. Health insurance
is now a distinct type of insurance, a way to pay for medical care that includes risk spreading
among its several pricing strategies. It is no longer a class of insurance that covers risks to
health. It serves as a payment mechanism that builds a sophisticated social insurance system
to pay for nearly everyone's medical treatment (Wendy K. Mariner, 2015). The cost is
increased by the unpredictability of serious diseases and injuries. Nobody can truly predict
when a catastrophic medical emergency will strike. Most patients depend on Doctors’
suggestions for the course of treatment because they are powerless to change the
circumstances. Only insurance cost-sharing strategies can provide the funds needed to cover
this kind of financial strain and personal catastrophe (Joseph P. Newhouse et al., 1997). The
payment health plans make to providers as well as the extent of their coverage and inclusion
have a significant impact on today’s healthcare system. Health insurance, which serves as a
potential means of paying healthcare, can help to modify the healthcare delivery system
(Wendy K. Mariner, 2010). Whether it is life, non-life, or reinsurance, the fundamental
purpose of insurance is to minimize risk and lessen its severity. Additional tasks carried out
by this include avoiding losses, hedging big risks with little cash, and fostering economic
growth. investing of the enormous sums of money raised by premium. The government-
managed healthcare institutions and other public services are governed by a complex
framework that oversees the country’s healthcare industry, particularly the primary healthcare
system. Healthcare where standard model funding and provisions are made. Nevertheless, the
country’s 1.37 billion eligible citizens’ demand is rendered unreasonable by rising healthcare
costs, a shortage of qualified doctors, a shortage of hospitals, subpar medical equipment,
insufficient funding, low rates of awareness, and a lack of educational opportunities.

The central government has announced the National Health Protection Scheme, often known
as the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan, which is a social insurance scheme that includes the
Employees’ State Insurance (ESIS), Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS), and
Rastriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY). Most healthcare needs can be covered by health
insurance because it is frequently unpredictable and quite expensive. Everyone eventually
requires healthcare of some kind. During their lives. Therefore, the best choice is health
insurance. Health insurance is now a distinct type of insurance, a way to pay for medical care
that includes risk spreading among its several pricing strategies. It is no longer a class of
insurance that covers risks to health. Health insurance serves as an effective means of giving
people access to improved protection and healthcare. The significance of health insurance is
Noted by Kerala’s health-conscious populace, as health insurance serves as a useful tool for
managing health costs. An investigation is conducted in this regard with the intention of
thoroughly examining the extent to which the public’s realization has materialized through
the purchase of health insurance. Health insurance serves as an effective means of giving
people access to improved protection and healthcare. The significance of health insurance is
noted by Kerala's health-conscious populace, as health insurance serves as a useful tool for
managing health costs. An investigation is conducted in this regard with the intention of
thoroughly examining the extent to which the public's realization has materialized through
the purchase of health insurance plans.

Statement of the problem

In terms of healthcare standards and life expectancy rates, Kerala's health system is better
than that of other Indian states. Nevertheless, current experience and the results of studies
show that Keralans are dealing with several health problems, including high morbidity, non-
communicable diseases, and the resurgence of communicable diseases. In addition, the state's
healthcare system is facing difficulties due to the growing expense of healthcare and the
sedentary lifestyle that has led to lifestyle disorders. Health insurance firms, both public and
commercial, provide customers with innovative products and appealing packages that meet
their needs. Since the health insurance system combines money and service delivery, there
are numerous complexities in how it operates to achieve the and hence necessitates a careful
investigation. In this context, it is determined that a thorough investigation is necessary to
look at the part insurance companies play in encouraging health insurance among Keralan
households.

Significance of the Study

Because what is extremely predictable for an individual is also unexpected for a group, the
idea of insurance offers a sense of comfort and protection against potential hazards of
financial loss. A significant number of people. Health insurance serves as a tool to reduce
uncertainty about the expense of care and the onset of illness. Health insurance is proven to
be the most appropriate cost-sharing device, acting as an efficient mechanism by augmenting
resources and spreading the healthcare burden between the rich and the poor, the aged and the
young, and the healthy and the unwell. A person can use the healthcare facilities without
worrying about money if they have health insurance. In most circumstances, the straight out-
of-pocket payments are truly exorbitant. The study assumes Significance as it investigates the
role of insurance companies in Spreading the benefits of health insurance as a tool to fight the
Uncertainties of health issues of the people.

Operational definition
Health insurance: It is a kind of insurance that pays for unexpected medical costs brought on
by a disease.

Household: units of familiar living in urban area of Thrissur town.

Thrissur: originally called trichur, Thrissur is a city in Kerala, India, and the administrative
centre of the Thrissur district. It was also known historically as thrissivaperoor. After Kochi
and Kozhikode, it is the third-biggest urban agglomeration in Kerala and the 21 st largest in
India.
Objectives of the Study
1. Analysis the nature of Health Insurance among household

2. examine the analysis satisfaction customers in household

HYPOTHESIS
Ho 1: household are not satisfied with taking health insurance.

HO 2: household are satisfied with taking health insurance.

METHODOLOGY
Research is a systematic and recording of controlled observation that may lead to the
development of the organisation, principles or theories resulting in prediction and possible
ultimate control of events. The primary data were used for the study. Data have been
collected through questionnaire method and survey method. Secondary data have also been
used for the study.

Scope of the Study

The study is an attempt to study on health insurance among household in Trissur. considering
the degree of client happiness and the service quality provided by health insurance providers.
And considering the Caliber of health insurance providers and the degree of clint satisfaction.

Limitations
1. The findings’ ability to be applied to a broader population may be limited by a small
sample size. It can also lessen the study’s statistical power.
2. Researcher faced limitations in terms of the time available to conduct the study.
3. Additionally, the study’s scope is constrained. However, it must be carried out in a
larger space.

Government Health Insurance Schemes in India

Ayushman Bharat Yojana

The Ayushman Bharat Yojana was started by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare with
the goal of offering free and universal health insurance. The goal of this is to help those who
are at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale. The plan covers up to INR 5 lakh in addition to
pre-hospitalization expenditures, medications, diagnostic fees, and medical treatment costs.

Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana

The Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is designed especially to shield Indian individuals
with active bank accounts, aged 18 to 70, from medical expenses associated with disability or
death resulting from accidents. The policy guarantees an annual benefit of INR 2 lakh in the
event of an accident-related disability or death, and INR 1 lakh in the event of a partial
disability. The policyholder’s bank account is immediately debited for the premium.

Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (AABY)

The Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana was developed in 2007 with the goal of resolving issues faced
by those residing in rural and developing areas of India. To support education, the policy also
calls for giving scholarships to youngsters from disadvantaged families in India. This
coverage is available to anybody between the ages of 18 and 59, and it particularly covers
those who are renters in both urban and rural locations who do not own land. The head of the
family is often the policyholder, and they pay an annual premium of INR 200. The family
receives INR 30,000 in the event of a natural death and INR 75,000 in the event of a death
brought on by long-term disability.

Janshree Bima Yojana

The Janshree Bima Yojana was introduced jointly by the Life Insurance Corporation and the
Government of India to provide insurance to those who are below the poverty line in both
urban and rural areas. The policy targets India’s working class, which is divided into many
occupational categories. There are 45 distinct occupational groupings that can currently
purchase the policy.

Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana

The Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana was initially designed to assist families and individuals
who were below the poverty line. It was introduced by the Gujarati government in 2012. But
following extensive deliberation and revision, the policy’s advantages were also extended to
those in the lower income bracket.

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya Yojana

The Maharashtra government created the Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya Yojana
specifically for the state’s residents. The main objective is to give lower-class patients access
to high-quality healthcare and cashless medical facilities.

Bhamashah Swasthya Bima Yojana

The Bhamashah Swasthya Bima Yojana was created by the Rajasthani government to cater to
the needs of the people living there. Those who are permanent residents of Rajasthan and hail
from low-income families are the main beneficiaries of this strategy.

Rastriya Swasthya Bima Yojana

This government-sponsored health insurance plan, known as a family floater policy, is
intended for those who fall below the poverty level. Enrolment is open to all age groups and
the premium is extremely inexpensive. Up to INR 3 lakh is the insured amount.

Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)

Since its inception in 1954, the Central Government Health Scheme has largely provided
healthcare to central government employees, including judges of the Supreme Court and
officials of the Central Railway. Pensioners are also covered by the coverage.

Universal Health Insurance Scheme (UHIS)

The Universal Health Insurance Scheme, another of the main health insurance programs of
the federal government, is designed to serve a broad spectrum of individuals who are either
below or slightly above the poverty line. Both maternity and hospitalization coverage are
provided by the policy.

West Bengal Health Scheme

West Bengal has received a lot of praise for making improving the public health facilities a
top priority. Taking advantage of the West Bengal health system could literally save your life
in this way. Nevertheless, only All India Services employees and pensioners are eligible for
this.

Yeshasvini Health Insurance Scheme

The Yeshasvini Health Insurance Scheme is sponsored by the state government of Karnataka
and development cooperatives in response to the predicament faced by farmers and lower-
and middle-class residents of the state. The goal of this policy is to offer Karnataka high-
quality healthcare at a reasonable cost.

Review of literature
1. Outr eville (2008) It refers to the successful insurance businesses’ global
diversification, according to his study. Advantages unique to a given area, like size,
education, regulatory obstacles, competitiveness, and cultural remoteness, have
explained the internationalization of insurance companies in some regions. Secondly,
they demonstrate that insurance companies’ choice of nations is significantly
influenced by strong governance.
2. Frank and Enkawa (2009) This article reveals the ways in which economic processes
impact customer pleasure. The study looked at how perceived value and quality
expectations were affected differently by economic growth and expectations. As well
as client contentment. The findings have demonstrated a robust relationship between
quality expectations (industry-based and overall) and economic expectations.
3. Becker F. Et al. (2009) The survey revealed that most clients were content with the
facility environment (such as cleanliness and facility environment) offered by the
health plan, which is consistent with the findings of other studies, where the A better
physical environment of a health facility provided increased patient happiness and
even contributed to a positive perception of the healthcare practitioners. Hospital
environment, sanitation, and process management have been acknowledged as critical
elements influencing patient satisfaction.
4. Jain P et al., (2010) Customers’ problems are measured in the study “Problems faced
by the Health Insurance Policyholders of Different Public and Private Health
Insurance Companies for Settlements of their Claims.” The goals Were examining the
cause of claim denial, customer satisfaction levels, and challenges experienced by
 insureds in obtaining their claims. An incomplete document and a pre-existing illness
were the main reasons the claim was rejected. Out of 56 respondents at the public
sector undertaking (P.S.U.), 48 expressed satisfactions with their insurer. Of the 44
respondents in the private sector undertaking, 20 were extremely satisfied and 16
were satisfied overall with their insurance.
5. Ravikant Sharma (2011) This paper compares the health insurance features of China’s
economy and India’s economy in the section titled “A Comparison of Health
Insurance Segment- India vs. China.” There is enormous potential for health
insurance in both economies. This represents around 45% of the global population.
For this investigation, secondary data are employed. China’s health care spending is
278 dollars PPP lower than its per capita GDP. The per capita health care expenditure
in India is 82$ PPP. In China, there are two primary insurance programs: the New Co-
operative Medical Scheme and Basic Medical Insurance. The State Governments of
India support two schemes: the Employee’s State Insurance Scheme and the Central
Government Health Scheme. To regulate the Indian insurance market, the Insurance
Regulation Authority (IRDA) was implemented in India in 1999, while the China
Insurance Regulatory Commission was founded in 1998. China has placed a 50% cap
on foreign direct investment, whereas India has a 26% share in joint ventures.
6. Kapur and Rogowski (2011) have looked at health insurance as a crucial
consideration while making retirement decisions, particularly for women. Comparing
the characteristics of single women’s demographic categories, the data on women in
single-earner couples and dual-earner couples is derived from retirement and health
records between 1992 and 2006. The study has also examined how health insurance
affects women’s retirement choices in comparison to men’s. The study found that
among those who have access to the employer’s portable health insurance plan, where
benefits are finally made available after retirement, the rate of retirement is high.
Furthermore, a higher probability is observed in the circumstances where the spouse’s
health insurance is available. The variables include spouse health and involvement in
the labour force.
7. Kumar (2011) has described the tactics for fostering collaboration between health
insurance providers and insurers in India. The study has assessed India’s health
insurance sector critically, focusing on the relationships between hospitals, insurers,
and providers. According to the study, in a nation like India where health care costs
are only going to rise and lead to large out-of-pocket expenses, the health insurance
 structure is the only viable option for financing medical treatment. The survey also
made clear how many chances there are for insurance firms to establish rapport with
hospitals and providers.
8. Prinja et.al. (2012) have examined India’s health financing system and concluded that
its financing, organization, and provision are its main vulnerabilities. The study has
concentrated on risk sharing and Put forth a so-called reform plan with the aim of
guaranteeing effectiveness, fairness, and superior healthcare. Here, the term “region-
or state-specific benefit package” refers to a package that is sufficient to maintain the
lowest-income people’s marginal benefits from enrollment in insurance above their
marginal costs. Additionally, incentives and capitation payments may boost efficiency.
9. Price Water House Coopers, (2012) This article explains how the services sector,
which contributes roughly 57% of GDP, has grown rapidly in recent years to become
the largest and fastest-growing sector in the economy (Ministry of Finance (2013–
2014). India is quickly emerging as the top destination for medical tourists worldwide,
presenting itself as the best medical tourism hub. However, it falls short of
destinations for medical tourism like Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Nowadays,
several private hospitals in India provide a range of medical services with extra
accommodations for international patients. By 2020, the Indian healthcare sector is
projected to reach US $250 billion at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
15%.
10. Rajeshwari.K and Karthesswari.S (2012) The bulk of the respondents (54.24%) in
their study were said to be between the ages of 21 and 40. Male policyholders made
up 70% of the respondents, and most of them are taking out the policy in their
Personal gain. Female candidates are prioritized because, according to 30.79% of
respondents, endowment policies are favoured, 40–50% of respondents have
consistently purchased policies from LIC of India, 81.5% of respondents pay
premiums on time, and they take great care to ensure that they don’t lapse. Financial
difficulties prevented several policyholders whose policies had lapsed from being able
to pay the premium.
11. Jayapradha J (2012) The health insurance industry saw a 30% growth rate in 2008–09,
according to the article “Problems and Prospects of Health Insurance in India.” In
India, the percentage of people with health insurance has increased to 4.8% in 2008 is
1.2% in comparison to 1999–2000. An Indian household’s annual medical expenses
amount to 6.7% of their income on average. There are several reasons why
 penetration is low, some of which are. Absence of appealing health insurance options,
ignorance, and IRDA’s implementation of strict regulations. Before 1999, the market
for health insurance was monopolized. In 2008, the Indian health insurance market
was valued at Rs. 5125 crores. The combined gross premium of all health insurance
providers in 2008–09 was Rs. 3,0601 crores.
12. Barot (2012) 333 clients living in the state of Gujarat are given a structured
questionnaire as part of the study. Their research revealed that human skills and
empathy had a major role in keeping customers satisfied. It Gives insurance managers
insight into the quality of services offered in the insurance industry, enabling them to
create plans that will optimize client happiness.
13. Forbes (2012) has used a case study to assess the state of private health insurance in
rural India, the significant changes in the industry, and the detrimental impact on the
delivery of healthcare. A critical assessment of the recently deployed health care
systems is recommended by the study. From the standpoint of the essential hospital
services, the effects of such systems are assessed. It is emphasized that managerial
initiatives, such as changing management and upholding service quality, are necessary
for effective health care. The following three models are recognized as potentially
improving health access in rural areas, and a coordinating body or umbrella
organization is called for. The models that are recommended are the ones that
supported micro health insurance (MHI),
14. Sreenivas and Anand (2012) discovered that, in the Indian context, insurance practices
among the general population were uncommon until the country’s independence, but
that, following the period of economic reforms, the Indian insurance sector saw a
notable improvement. Because multinational private insurance companies are subject
to healthy competition from a wide range of countries. An analysis of investors’
impressions of public and private life insurance businesses in India, with reference to
the state of Karnataka, has been attempted in this study.
15. Roos and Frederik (2012) have carried out research on the health insurance system in
the Netherlands, which is based on many theories. According to the survey, there are
two main categories of health insurance. The supplementary or voluntary health
insurance is based on the free and voluntary insurance markets, whereas the basic and
required insurance is founded on the ideals of solidarity, universal access, consumer
choice, and controlled competition. The additional health insurance is growing. The
results of the investigation showed that there was interaction and overlap between the
 two insurances. Additionally, research is done on how this interaction affects
customers’ decisions when shopping for minimum health insurance as well as the best
ways to mitigate the detrimental spillover effect. The supplementer’s knock-on
consequences on basic insurance eroded unity
16. Sihare and Gupta (2012) have tried to present a thorough analysis of the health
insurance markets in industrialized nations like India. It has shed insight on India’s
health insurance market and its Profile of the population. This article discusses the
insurance market, health insurance plans, laws and regulations, the market share of
insurance companies in India, and distribution routes. Additionally, the “international
perspective of health insurance” is given particular attention. There is also a detailed
description of the terms used in the insurance sector and the processes involved in
processing claims. The other highlights of the book include how TPA issues are
addressed and the reimbursement procedure. The advantages and disadvantages of the
health insurance system are examined, and telemedicine and medical travel are
brought up.
17. Bande (2013) has looked at Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance’s service quality in the states
of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Considering this, the service
measurements that are made Using the SERVQUAL instrument, assurance,
competence, corporate image, individualized financial planning, tangibles, and
technology are considered. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha is used in the dependability
study to gauge internal consistency and reliability. The demographic variables that are
considered are age, gender, family income per month, education level, and
occupation.
18. (Panchal N, 2013) said in his survey that the lack of funds, high premium costs, and
limited awareness are the main reasons people do not purchase health insurance. This
will result in low insurance penetration.
19. (Kalaisigamani J, Sangameshwaran A,2013) examined the reasons why health
insurance is becoming more and more popular in India, including tax breaks, financial
assistance, the best family care, emergency help, and, hence offering comfort.
20. Selvakumar. K and Vijay Kumar.S (2013) According to the survey, 23% of
policyholders fall into the low level of policyholders in their article “Attitude of
policyholders towards administration of general insurance companies with reference
to Madurai region.” Attitude, with 31% of policy holders having a high attitude and
46% having a medium attitude. Ages, sexes, levels of education, marital status, family
 structure, community, and attitude all have a big impact on each other. Only one
component related to the policyholder’s social group is not significant out of the nine
components.
21. Singh and Outteridge (2013) have investigated how India’s Universal Health
Coverage (UHC) has affected the pharmaceutical sector. India’s generic marketplaces
were projected to expand and erode The international corporate market. The
committees established in India for various health care initiatives have been included
in the study. Furthermore, it is estimated that the universal coverage of drugs, which
are important components of health care, was not attained. Five nations that have
either implemented or are approaching the UHC have had their case studies
compared. It has also discussed licensing, public sector pricing, patent drug pricing,
and potential in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.
22. (S Babu, Jose Ann, 2014) examined the degree of insurance satisfaction by gathering
data from 200 samples. Samples from both urban and rural regions were gathered.
The study employed the following instruments: mean, percentage, to create inferential
statistics, the r’ test and standard deviation were utilized.
23. (Varma, P R Swathy, 2014) claimed that as income rises, the proportion of
respondents who get their policies from the public sector falls. Research indicates that
individuals with yearly incomes exceeding Rs. 1,000,000 exhibit more interest in
Adopting private sector policies. The younger generation is more drawn to the private
sector. However, older generations are more inclined to adopt public policies since
they already have the mentality that the public sector should be responsible for
security and safety.
24. Jawahrlal U (2014) According to the study “Cashless treatment of Health Insurance,”
customers or patients might receive care at an insurance company-approved hospital
without having to pay the full cost of care. Financial burden of the medical bills,
which can be very substantial for both planned and unforeseen surgeries. A small
deposit is the only cost incurred by the admitted consumer during the admissions
process. Customers began to feel more confident in their health insurance policies as a
result, and they were free to receive care at any facility, up to the limits of their
coverage. Additionally, hospitals began promoting this service in the hopes that more
patients would visit them because, with the advent of cashless transactions, cost was
no longer a big factor.
25. Guindon (2014) has examined how health insurance affects the three different
categories of impoverished people—children, students, and children—in light of the
several programs that have been suggested and executed in Vietnam, one of the
countries that signed the WHO Asia Pacific health finance plan. Utilizing information
from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey, the impact of health insurance
on the usage of medical services is investigated. The findings imply that health
insurances increase the need for inpatient services. Health insurance promoted the
usage of outpatient treatments, such as checkups and vaccinations, among the younger
population.
26. Reddy (2015) The health care costs, mental health issues, health insurance, hospitals,
infectious diseases, primary care, mother and child health, mortality, and rural areas
have all been covered in the article.Considering the accessibility, cost, and mounting
dissatisfaction with the standard of healthcare in India; these factors have served as
catalysts for all of the reforms that have occurred during the previous ten years.
Further reforms in the health sector are headed in the correct direction by the National
Health Insurance Program, the National Rural Health Mission, and the recently
proposed new policy.
27. Ranson (2015) has examined, over a six-year period, 1930 claims from Gujarat’s Self-
employed Women’s Association Medical Insurance Fund, a community-based health
insurance program. The plan Was evaluated in terms of the insurance coverage,
claimants’ protection against hospitalization-related expenses, the amount of time that
passed between hospital release and reimbursement, and how frequently the fund was
used. According to the report, the schemes might aim for financial viability, cross-
subsidization, risk sharing, and financial protection.
28. (K K Bajaj, 2015) Upon reviewing the 2015 General Budget, it was noted that the
finance minister prioritizes retirement and health insurance. Although hospital
expenses are rising by nearly 17% a year, maintaining Sufficient insurance coverage
is beneficial. The budget includes enough tax breaks for people to get health insurance
for themselves, their families, and even their parents. In short, he says that we should
all review and act upon our health insurance and retirement demands considering the
budget.
29. Chakrabarti & Shankar, 2015) India has an extremely low observed penetration rate
for health insurance. The decision to obtain health insurance is also influenced by
economic considerations. According to their research, the majority of CBHI programs
 Are prevalent in rural regions, whereas the business of commercial and state health
insurance is primarily concentrated in urban areas.
30. Priya A, Srinivasan R, 2015 outlined the need for public education regarding
insurance and its benefits. In addition, there must be transparency regarding the
illnesses covered, affordable premiums, and hospitalized facilities.
31. Sundararaman (2016)He has covered a lot of ground in his piece and Thoroughly with
health policy throughout time, examining its Advantages and drawbacks. The New
Health Policy draft is Investigated against the context of earlier endeavors. An There
are not many answers provided for the issues that people face. Who, after considering
the existing state of healthcare, formulates the policies In depth. The private actors’
involvement and integration are the main priorities.The combination of the public and
private health care systems. The personal Sector will function within the framework
of regulation
32. Kansra and Gill (2016) have investigated the degree of health insurance awareness
among Punjabi citizens. Additionally, the origins and factors of awareness have been
Examined. The three urban districts of Punjab’s state—Amritsar, Jalandhar, and
Ludhiana—are where the data are gathered. The respondents are chosen from the
unregistered shopkeepers, vendors, construction workers, and members of the
informal sector. Multivariate probit regression and descriptive statistics are used in the
data analysis process. The findings indicate that people’s perceptions and awareness
of health insurance are still in their early stages. Even though the idea of health
insurance is widely known, policy subscriptions have not resulted from it. The origin
33. Udayai (2016) explains the UHC in great depth. Providing all residents with suitable
and accessible health care services is UHC’s primary goal. The provision of universal
health care Population is difficult, particularly considering the wide disparities that
exist between rural and urban areas and states. To bring the entire population under
the umbrella of Universal Health Care (UHC), several packages are needed. It is
imperative to guarantee equitable access to developing technologies, vaccinations,
medications, and institutional reforms for all. The Planning Commission and WHO
publications, as well as journals, are used to gather secondary data. The McKinsey
UHC report is consulted. According to the study’s conclusion, the advantages of
development across all sectors must reach the
34. Venkateshwarlu (2016) has offered a preliminary analysis on health insurance in
India, its significance on a local and macro level, challenges, and the effects of the
 economic crisis on health Coverage. A triangle model for universal health insurance
has been offered by the study; it suggests providing subsidized health insurance to
low-income households and mandating health insurance for wealthy households. The
study’s findings on the barriers to health development include low public knowledge,
a lack of options, reluctance to obtain insurance, and insufficient funds to do so. It
was also examined how poverty and economic crises are related.
35. Abhay (2016) In his paper, he primarily addressed the issues with health care in
indigenous communities and offered suggestions for revising and overhauling the
health policy in those areas. He made the suggestion that there The tribal community
should be more involved in the policy’s finalization as it should be area-specific and
attentive to local planning.
36. Singh Munro N. And Duckett J (2016) According to their research, there is a
connection between a family’s size and occupational level. Nonetheless, among the
variables affecting families with multiple members is financial strain. Members, and
the demand for medical treatment is increasing. However, the higher expense of
healthcare should be borne by the earning member to cover these medical demands. In
this instance, the lesser degree of satisfaction can reflect the anticipation.
37. Nair (2017) has provided a comparative examination of the ways in which
demographic factors affect the general health insurance policy holders’ satisfaction
with both private and public insurance providers. The policy holders in the
Maharashtra region surrounding Mumbai were selected at random to provide the
study’s data. Age, educational attainment, family monthly income, gender, marital
status, and occupation are the demographic factors considered here. The structured
questionnaire, simple random sampling, and non-parametric Chi-Square test of
independence/association were all used in the study’s methodology. The conclusion
emphasizes the importance of service quality, holder happiness, and the reality that
each client has different needs.
38. Chawla and Sharma (2017) have carried out a study on Punjabi insurance subscribers’
satisfaction with their services. Additionally, the study looked at any discrepancies
between expectations and perceptions. Approach the various aspects of service
quality. Analysis is also done on the relationship between purchasing determinants,
business standing, service quality, and customer satisfaction levels. Two hundred and
fifty policyholders from both public and private companies provided the data. The
thirty-nine factors are used to study the different aspects of service quality, such as
 tangibility, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, and dependability, as stated by
Parasuraman et al. The data is analysed using correlation analysis and the paired t-test.
The study's findings demonstrated the existence of the service quality disparity.
Comparing private sector to public sector companies, there was less of this disparity.
One of the most important prerequisites for achieving organizational goals and
keeping clients is providing high-quality service.
39. Senthilkumar (2017) has provided an account of the expansion of health insurance in
India. According to the study, the health insurance market grew quickly starting in
2000. Because of its Astounding growth rate Health insurance has been treated as a
distinct category by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India
(IRDAI). Three hundred development officers provided the data, which were then
analysed using discriminant function analysis (DFA) to determine the fundamental
organizational and individual characteristics that affect how well development officers
market the insurance policies of Indian public sector companies.
40. Bhatia and Bansal (2018) have looked at how India’s health insurance market has
developed and the difficulties it has encountered over time. The study makes use of
the secondary data. It has been noted that fewer than 25% of the whole population is
covered by health insurance. People do not spend much on health insurance, which
contributes to the low penetration. Microinsurance, government control of the private
health insurance market, group health insurance, and numerous other programs aimed
at the nation’s rural populace are some of the strategies used to promote health
insurance. A service-oriented delivery approach would be beneficial in the rapidly
expanding and fiercely competitive private health insurance market.
41. Pareek (2018) has enumerated the difficulties the insurance industry faces in
promoting its goods as well as the problems impeding the expansion and growth of
the Indian health insurance market. Within the Health insurance products now hold
most of the non-life insurance market, having grown by 24% in the 2017–18 fiscal
year. However, the health insurance market is still in its infancy, with less than 25% of
the population having health insurance of any kind. Therefore, there is a great chance
that health insurance will be expanded and made available to most Indians.
Furthermore, marketing and distribution of health insurance products in India present
both opportunities and challenges.
42. Ramamoorthy and Senthilkumar (2018) The recession that caused the US economy to
collapse automatically had an impact on all investors worldwide, even leading to
 enormous losses in wealth and investor confidence, a sharp decline in demand and
exports, and a significant loss of jobs. The Indian insurance market, which was one of
the fastest growing sectors of the economy, was also expected to be affected by the
global recession. As far as the health insurance market is concerned, the entry of
private companies has taken the market to a new dimension altogether because of
innovative products, tariffs, and customer service.
43. Swetha et al. (2019) In their Bangalore investigation, they attempted to determine the
amount paid for out-of-pocket medical expenses and to verify the presence of
protective Methods to prevent households from having to pay for their own medical
expenses. As the households become impoverished due to the unanticipated bills, an
effort is made to determine whether there are any other options for financing medical
care, such as health insurance. Three hundred and fifty families make up the sample
size for this longitudinal study. The information about protective mechanisms, the
sociodemographic profile, and other variables are gathered through interviews and a
questionnaire. The findings have demonstrated that there were significant odds of
catastrophic outcomes for the majority of households with low economic
backgrounds.
44. Erlangga et al. (2019) have concentrated on observational and randomized research,
concluding that greater insurance coverage typically results in greater access to
medical facilities, both strengthen financial security and enhance wellness. Here, it is
emphasized that to implement publicly financed health insurance and eventually
realize the larger aim of universal health care, it is imperative to comprehend the
factors that contribute to variations in the outcomes of the insurance reforms.
45. Gambhir et al. (2019) The objective of their study was to investigate the current state
of private health insurance in India with respect to outpatient coverage. From the
perspective of the patients, health insurance has not been a pleasant experience,
although health insurance businesses Has expanded mostly in the years following
liberalization. In India, there are numerous firms that provide outpatient insurance
coverage that covers costs related to payments for regular check-ups, vaccinations,
and regular medical practitioners as well as specialists. The comprehensive literature
review is where the data are gathered from. Additionally, the data supplied by
commercial health insurance providers is used. The study’s findings indicate that
people may be able to deduct both their hospital stays and outpatient department
costs.
46. Garg et al. (2019) have found that the introduction of publicly supported health
insurance programs was pioneered by the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and
Tamil Nadu. The analysis of the health rounds of the National Sample Survey from
2004 and 2014 employs the instrumental variable technique to tackle the endogeneity
or selection issue in the insurance sector. The outcome has demonstrated the
predominance of private hospitals in both the utilization and empanelment of facilities
under PFHI. The amount of money paid out-of-pocket for private sector utilization is
far higher, regardless of insurance enrolment.
47. Nayak et al. (2019) have exposed the digital technology techniques for the inclusive
social health models via a qualitative exploratory study. The three main ideas of the
technology Analytics for risk management, operational cost optimization, and
customer experience improvement were among the implementations seen in the social
health insurance business.
48. Prinja et al. (2019) have used a qualitative exploratory study to highlight the digital
technology techniques for the inclusive social health models. The three fundamental
ideas of technology Applications in the social health insurance industry included risk
management analytics, operational cost optimization, and customer experience
improvement.
49. Van Hees et al. (2019) have conducted a thorough analysis of the relationship between
social inclusion and low- and middle-income nations’ access to fair health finance
systems. The techniques the health insurance enrolment patterns, groupings, use of
health care services, financial protection, quality of care, etc. Are employed here for
assessment, and the study has urged for multidimensional processes and more
context-specific mechanism research. The impact of various health insurance plans on
various outcomes for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, the disabled, female-
headed families, ethnic minorities, and displaced populations, is tabulated.
50. Mathew et al. (2020) have talked on the disparities in access to healthcare,
particularly for indigenous populations, while keeping in mind the medical facilities
in the Keralan community of Attapadi. There are certain obstacles, such as a lack of
treatment that is sensitive to cultural differences, even though the health services
offered here include financial security and sufficient coverage of medical services.
Concerns should be raised about the high rates of infant death and poor health. The
demand is for a Universal Health Care intervention that is “culturally safe, locally
 relevant, and promote active involvement of the community at all stages of the
intervention,” given the complexity of health care access.

CHAPTER 2.

overview

CONCEPT OF HEALTH INSURANCE

Any type of insurance whose payment is conditioned on the insured acquiring additional
costs or losing income due to incapacity or declining health is referred to as “health
insurance.” Insurance for health is Depending on the jurisdiction and custom, it may also
be referred to as accident and health insurance, accident and sickness insurance, or
disability insurance. It sometimes incorporates several different coverages plans to shield
the insured from monetary losses resulting from disease, injury, or incapacity. The method
of paying for medical expenses is through health insurance. Health insurance is the
distribution of an individual’s or household’s unknown risk through the pooling of many
persons who share the same risk. They make contributions to a joint account that covers
the Loss incurred by any member in the event of an accident. Individuals that share a
common risk submit premiums to a health insurance fund as part of a health insurance
program. This money is eventually used to compensate patients who become unwell and
are admitted to the hospital. A health insurance program must include both risk pooling
and payment. When they are well enough to pay and in good health, people pay
premiums.

Health Insurance in India

owning a health insurance coverage is still optional for Indians, most of the healthcare
financing in the nation comes from private out-of-pocket expenses. In any developing nation,
health insurance provides a wonderful Plenty of opportunities for its people to receive
healthcare when needed, particularly for the low-income, disadvantaged, and marginalized
 groups. Health insurance has a long history that begins with the dawn of humanity. Records
of animal sacrifices for health purposes date back to ancient times. An additional mechanism
present in prehistoric societies was That physicians were getting paid for their services both
when they were well and when they were ill. The current health insurance system in India is
modelled after that of the United States and the United Kingdom. The problems with
industrial relations between employers and employees led to the advancement of health
insurance plans in India. The large corporations used to cover the cost of hospitalization.
Given the vast potential market that India offers for health insurance, it is predicted that the
health insurance business will grow enormously and indefinitely. If the issues facing the
medical field are uneven quality, mismatched incentives, growing demand, and rising
expenses could all be problems if they are not properly addressed. If left untreated, it will
cause severe health issues and financial hardships for both the affected people and the
country. The Rastriya swasthya Bima yojana (RSBY)a national health insurance programme
that the Indian government introduced in 2008, offers cashless medical service to low-income
households in India we assess how RSBY affects average treatment impact on treated (ATT)
households, per capita out-of- pocket (OOP) spending, and per patient OOP spending on key
morbidities in relation to health services consumption. We utilize the longitudinal nature of a
sizable set nationally representative household survey data to apply difference -in-
randomness in scheme enrolment. The demand for “universal healthcare for all by 2020”
(Reddy et.,2011b), which has now been extended to 2022 (Devadasan et al.2014), has been
one of the most ambitions ideas for Indian healthcare reforms. Implementing universal health
insurance is a necessary step in achieving this aim because it has been suggested that doing so
many helps to lower health disparities and out-of-pocket medical expenses (Bennett, Ozawa,
and Rao 2010; Reddy et al. 2011b; reddy2012).as one might expect in a nation as diverse as
India, a multitude of public,private,and community- based insurance plans now coexist and
even mix with one another.

The landscape of health insurance schemes in India

Vajpayee Arogyasri
2010
scheme (Karnataka)

2009
RSBY plus (HP) RSBY (Rastriya
Swasthya Bima
yojana)
 2008

Kalaignar (TN)
Rajiv aarogyasri
2007 Privatization of health
scheme (AP) insurance
2003

1999

Yeshasvini
health Mediclaim- 1986
insurance voluntary
(Karnataka) health
insurance

1954
CGHS

ESIS 1952

#sources: IRDA Reports

Health insurance in Kerala

Health insurance in Kerala, like in other Indian states, offers coverage for medical expenses.
Various insurance companies provide plans with different coverage options. It’s advisable to
compare policies, considering factors like premium, coverage, and network hospitals, to find
one that suits your needs. The success of the Kerala health model is talked about everywhere.
The industry began to experience challenging times in the later 1980s, and the 1990s saw a
crisis. Despite The number of persons in Kerala with lifestyle disorders—that is, non-
communicable diseases—has climbed along with the state’s expectancy rate. Blood pressure,
diabetes, cancer, and respiratory illnesses are rising faster than anticipated. Recurrences of
communicable diseases, which were previously thought to be confined, should also be of
concern in addition to the likelihood of non-communicable diseases. There has been an
increase in communicable diseases recently, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. During this
time, cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Japanese encephalitis appear. Kerala has a great deal
of social capital. Kerala is home to numerous vibrant and powerful organizations, such as
People’s Science, Women’s Organization, and Youth Organization, in addition to its political
 parties. Volunteer organizations and movement. The Local Self-Governing institutions are the
linkages to their cohesive operation for the developmental programs. Kerala has a high illness
incidence rate. The local government institutions face a great deal of difficulty in resisting it.
The focus should be on preventing and eliminating mosquitoes as well as promoting
cleanliness. Reducing healthcare costs and minimizing exposure to diseases are critical.

The trend in Health Insurance Premium over the Past Five Years (Excluding Personal
Accident and Travel Insurance Business)

Sectors 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Public sector 12882 15591 19227 21509 23536
General insurers (64%) (64%) (63%) (58%) (52%)
Private sector 4386 4911 5632 7689 10655
General insurers (22%) (20%) (19%) (21%) (24%)
Stand-alone 2828 3946 5532 7831` 10681
Health insurers (14%) (16%) (18%) (21%) (24%)
Industry total 20096 24448 30392 37029 44873
annual growth rate (14.9%) (21.7) (24.3%) (21.8) (21.2%)
(in %)
IRDAI annual report 2018-19

CHAPTER 3.

PROFILE OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

Thrissur is referred to as the “land of poorams” and the cultural centre of Kerala. Kerala’s
revenue district of Thrissur is in the state’s centre. Moreover 10% of Keralans reside in the
Thrissur district, which covers an area of roughly 3,032 km2. The districts of Ernakulam and
Idukki border the Thrissur district to the south, and the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram
border it to the north. The Western Ghats extend eastward, and the Arabian Sea is to the west.
It is in the centre of Kerala and is in southwest India (10.52°N, 76.21°E). 3,110,327 people
live in the Thrissur district, according to the 2011 census. Based on this, it is ranked 113 th out
of 640 in India. The district has 1,026 people per square kilometre (2,660/sq. mi) of
population. Between 2001 and 2011, the population growth rate was 4.58%. Thrissur has a
95.32% literacy rate with a sex ratio of 1109 females for every 1000 males.

HISTORY

Numerous megaliths and dolmens from prehistoric times suggest that Thrissur
has been inhabited from at least 1000 BCE to 500 CE. Thrissur was one of the
several locations in Kerala where the Portuguese had a naval influence in the
sixteenth century. The Portuguese navy was diminished at the start of the
seventeenth century, and the Dutch emerged as the dominant maritime force. In
1710, the Zamorin of Thrissur’s Calicut lost Thrissur to the royal line of the
kingdom of Cochin, thanks to the assistance of the Dutch. After Maharaja
Shakthan Thampuran ascended to the previous throne of the kingdom of Cochin
(1769–1805) and declared Thrissur his capital, Thrissur gained notoriety. The
Maharaja brought in Syrian Christian families and brahmins from nearby
regions, turning the city into a significant financial and commercial centre in
south India. Hyder Ali, the ruler of the strong kingdom of Mysore, subjugated
Thrissur and turned it into a subordinate of Mysore in 1750–1760.After the
Srirangapatanam War, the son of Tippu Sultan of Mysore launched another
capture of Thrissur in 1786 but withdrew. Meanwhile, Cochin became a British
protectorate when Rama Varma X, Shakthan Thampuran’s successor, signed a
treaty with the East India Company. John Gould’s 1816 painting of the
Vadakkunnathan Temple is the earliest recorded image of the city of Thrissur.
Following the formation of a committee during the Indian International
Congress meeting in 1919, the drive for Indian independence gained steam. In
the years that followed, Thrissur became enthralled with the civil disobedience
movement, which Mahatma Gandhi visited in 1927 and 1934 to further. The city
was created by the controversial Diwan of Cochin Kingdom, R.K. Shanmukhan Chetty, who
served from 1935 to 1941. His construction of the Ramanilayam and Thrissur town halls is
still significant in Kerala politics. Around this time, several significant public structures and
facilities were built, such as the Thrissur municipal corporation building and Swaraj. When
India was freed from foreign domination in 1947, Thrissur was a part of the Cochin
monarchy. On July 1, 1949, the town of Thrissur served as the headquarters for the newly
established Thrissur district.

District map

Source: mapsofindia.com

ECONOMY
Thrissur, the Cultural Capital of Kerala, is regarded as South India's principal commerce and
commercial centre. Said to be the centre of business in Kerala, it is also home to most
prominent Malayali entrepreneurs. The city is the darling of Keralan investors, renowned for
its banking, business expertise, and bullion. Another name for Thrissur is the Golden City of
India. 70% of Kerala's daily production of plain gold jewellery is produced there. Thrissur
ranks seventh among Indian cities in which to live, per research. The Registrar of Companies
reports that 87 companies were registered in Thrissur between January 1, 2010, and March
31, 2010, making it the second-most-registered city in Kerala after Cochin. The old-fashioned
strength of Thrissur is its financial and entrepreneurial prowess. Thrissur's economy is mostly
reliant on retail lending and industry. Thrissur is, in fact, one of Kerala's most important
industrial hubs. Thrissur has a variety of industries, including those related to textiles,
forestry, coir, fisheries, agriculture, and tile. However, Thrissur's revenue comes from a
variety of industries in addition to those listed above. The economy of Thrissur is
significantly influenced by the tourism sector. Thrissur shares Kerala's reputation as a
consumer state rather than a manufacturer state, as shopping is a significant industry and
source of income for the city. A significant portion of Thrissur's retail industry is dedicated to
the selling of jewellery and textiles. The city is regarded as South India's hub for the
jewellery and textile industries. Many jewellery companies employ thousands of people and
have stores in Thrissur. A few of the companies are Jos Alukka & Sons, Joyalukkas, Josco
Group, Chemmanur Group, Kuttukaran Group, Kalyan Group, Kalyan Silks, Kalyan
Jewellers, Seemas Wedding Collections, Pulimoottil Silks, Emmanuval Silks, Sree Lakshmi
Silks, Fashion Fabrics, Elite Fabrics, Elite Saree House, Modern Silks, Manshire, Lakshmi
Silks, Kalima Collections, and Chakola Silkhouse, to mention a few. Thrissur's tile business,
one of the region's major employers, uses many labourers from both inside and outside the
state. The tile industry in Thrissur has been around for over a century. The Thrissur tile
business has seen many ups and downs over the years, but it has persevered through difficult
times. Thrissur is now one of the largest hubs in southern India, with 160 tile manufacturing.
The existence of clay suited for creating tiles supports the Thrissur tile industry. Thrissur's
primary tile-producing districts are Karuvannur, Pudukad, Ollur, and Amballur. Italian
technology has been obtained by the tile industry to increase tile quality and production,
which in turn has created many jobs for the city's populace.

DEMOGRAPHY

General information about Thrissur district

Demographic label value

Area 3032 sq.km
population 3110327
Literacy rate 92.27%male,95.11%female
No. of revenue division 2
 No. of corporation 1
No. of municipalities 7
No. of taluk 7
No. of blocks 16
No. of panchayat 86
No. of village 255
Sources: secondary data

CHAPTER 4

INTRODUCTION
The choice of program participants to enrol in and renew their health insurance plans is
important. As a result, data is gathered from health insurance policy subscribers, and this
chapter provides an analysis of the information gathered. The study’s data came from 58
health insurance policy holders who were dispersed among three regions of the Thrissur
district. Thrissur district is selected for this study. Through surveys, the policy holders of the
chosen individuals provide the information. To investigate awareness, perception, the
variables influencing the acquisition of health insurance policy, and the quality of care,
demographic and socioeconomic parameters are crucial. Thus, a description of the health
insurance policy holders, an examination of their awareness and adoption of policies, and
their perspectives on different aspects of health insurance are provided.

CLASSIFICATION OF AGE

Age is a major determinant in the choice to obtain a health insurance policy. Growing older
and the emergence of lifestyle disorders may be two of the variables which Encourages
individuals to sign up for health insurance. This table shows the age distribution of sample
health insurance policy holders.

Frequency Percent
Age limit
20-30 30 51.72413793
30-40 10 17.24137931
 40-50 15 25.86206897
50-60 3 5.17241379
Total 58 100
Source: field survey ,2024

According to the statistics in the table, 51.72413793% of the people with health insurance
policies are between the ages of 20 and 30. 25.86206897% of policyholders are between the
ages of 40 and 50; this is a lower percentage than the overall group (51.72413793).then
17.24137931 Percent belong to the age group 30 and 40. And 5.17241379 Percent belong to
the age group 50 and 60.from this distribution, we realize that the most of the respondents
were in the youngsters.

MARITAL STATUS

Classification of marital status

Married individuals may get a health insurance coverage due to the sense of security and duty
that comes with having a family. How the health insurance policy’s marital status Holders are
listed in the table below.

Frequency Percent

Married 37 63.8
Single 19 32.8
Widowed 2 3.4
Total 58 100

This table we realize that 32.8 of those with health insurance policies are single, while the
majority (63.8) are married. The remaining 3.4% are widowed. The commitment to family
life and marriage is one of the factors that affects the decision to subscribe to a health
insurance policy.

SEX COMPOSITION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Classification of sex
Healthcare is a major concern for both men and women. When men are the
primary breadwinners and decision-makers in a family, they typically choose to
purchase either for advantages to oneself or one’s family. Only women who
made a steady living could afford to purchase health insurance. This table lists
the gender status of the people with health insurance policies.

frequency Percent
Female 38 65.5
Male 20 34.5
Total 58 100

According to the results, of the 38 health insurance policy holders, more than
half (65.5%) are female, and the remaining portion are male. The statistics
clearly shows how concern female family members are for their own and their
family’s health.

COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Classification of community

frequency Percent
General 38 65.5
OBC 10 17.2
SC 10 17.2
total 58 100
This table shows that, majority (65.5%) are general. Only 17.2 Percent are OBC. Remain
17.2 Percent are scheduled castes. There is a general domination among the respondents.

EDUCATION COMPOSITION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Classification of education

Kerala has drawn national attention due to its high rate of higher education and literacy. The
previous newspaper readership and the current exposure to social media, together with It is
noteworthy that a sizable portion of the state’s population participates in social activities. The
study clearly establishes the correlation between education and insurance benefit awareness,
demonstrating that a higher proportion of health insurance policy holders hold a graduate
degree. This table presents the information.

Frequency Percent
Below SSLC 1 1.7
SSLC 7 12.1
Plus, two 10 17.2
Graduation 22 37.9
Above graduation 18 31.0
total 58 100

According to the health insurance policy holders’ educational classification, the bulk of them
37.9% have a graduate degree. Of those with professional degrees, 31.0% and 17.2%
respectively Two plus cents equal cent. Additionally, 12.1% are SSLC. The remaining 1.7%
are not at the SSLC The data clearly shows that there is a positive correlation between
education level and health awareness and concern.

Nature of family

Category Frequently Percent

APL 38 65.5
BPL 20 34.5
Total 58 100
Monthly income
Classification of monthly income

People in higher income groups can afford to subscribe to health insurance policies, as
income is a significant factor in this decision. The distribution of health care costs by income
This table displays the holders of insurance policies.

frequency Percent
Below 15000 25 43.1
15000-25000 12 20.7
25000-35000 11 19.0
Above 35000 10 17.2
Total 58 100

According to the table, the largest percentage of subscribers (43.1%) fall into the group of
monthly income under $15,000, while 20.7% of people with health insurance policies fall
into this category. Income ranging from Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 25,000. Merely 19.0% of the
policyholders earn between Rs. 25000 and Rs. 35000. 17.2% of the total are over RS.
35,000/-. Majority percent are below 25000/- income.

CLASSIFICATION HEALTH CONDITION

Health condition is very important factor economic development. Hence health condition is
also a factor in taking health insurance. This table shows that health condition of policy
holders.

Frequency Percent
Poor 7 12.1
good 30 51.7
Fair 13 22.4
Very good 8 13.8
Total 58 100
This table shows that majority (51.7 %) health condition of the policy holders is good. And
22.4 Percent of policy holder’s health condition are fair. And only 13.8 Percent are very good.
Remain 12.1 Percent are poor. It also shows that majority of holders are good health
condition.

CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALIZED LAST YEAR

Frequency Percent
No 32 55.2
Yes 26 44.81
total 58 100

The above table was used to display the hospitalization status. Hospitalization occurred for 26
responders (44.81) while they had a health insurance policy. However, 32 (55.2%) of the
respondents did not receive hospitalization. Because of one’s excellent health during the
duration of owning a health insurance coverage.

Respondent’s perceptions of various problems (yes/No)

problems yes no
A delay in the health insurance policy’s issuance 6 52
Executives in insurance do not cooperate well 26 32
Transparency and creativity are lacking in insurance 10 48
policies
Denied or delayed claim settlement. 43 15
additional illnesses not covered 37 21
Absence of an effective procedure for addressing 7 51
complains
There are not many empanelled hospitals in the area 14 44
Propensity to overcharge insured patients for medical 20 38
treatments
Overly extensive and intricate documentation 28 30
Absence of services with value addition 19 39
the policyholder’s issues with various facets of health insurance were included in the above
table. Maximum 43 respondents reported about denied or delayed claim settlement. And the
problem of more diseases out of coverage amount was reported by 37 policyholders. Also 28
respondents overly extensive intricate documentation. 26 said executive in insurance do not
cooperate well. And 20 responded propensities to coverage insured patients for medical
treatment. Followed by absence of services with value addition (19 responded) and there are
not many empanelled hospitals in the area nearby reported 14 respondents. These were some
other problems reported only by a few health insurance policyholders.

REASON FOR TAKING INSURANCE POLICY

Frequency Percent
Better offers 13 22.4
Has more diseases 5 8.6
Influence of advertisement 1 1.7
Lower premium cost 8 13.8
Personal relations 9 15.5
Trustworthiness 22 37.9
total 58 100
The survey results show that the trustworthiness of the company Is the prime factor which
influences the subscriptions of health Insurance policy (37.9%). And 22.4 Percent taking
insurance policy for better offers. Only 15.5 Percent are taking policy for personal relations.
And 13.8 Percent are taking policy because of low premium cost. And remain respondents are
taking policy because several reasons.

Pay premium amount

The amount paid to maintain the status of your health insurance coverage is known as your
premium. When premiums are bought on the individual market, they are typically paid each
month. When an employee has health insurance via their company, payroll deductions are
typically used to cover their portion of the premium.

Frequency Percent
Online 44 75.9
Offline 6 10.3
 Both 8 13.8
Total 58 100
The table sees that, most of (75.9%) policy holders paid online. Only 13.8 Percent are paid
online and offline. The 10.3 Percent are paid offline.

When premium amount paid

Frequency Percent
Annually 21 36.2
Half fearly 5 8.6
Queterly 8 13.8
Monthly 24 41.4
Total 58 100
24 (41.4) policyholders pay the premium for the insurance policy/product Monthly, while
37.2 % pay the premium annually. Near-about 13.8 % respondents Pay quarterly and very
few 8.6 % pay the premium half yearly.

PAPER WORK

Frequency Percent
Very high 26 44.8
high 14 24.1
Average 7 12.1
Less 9 15.5
very less 2 3.4
total 58 100
This table shows that, Majority( 44.8) of the responses say that the paperwork is very high.
Then 24.1 Percent respondents are say that high paper work. And only 15.5 are chosen less.
Average (12.1) respondents are says Average paper work

Few(3.4%)are very less.

AGENT BEHAVIOUR
 frequency Present
Highly satisfied 10 17.2
Satisfied 39 67.2
Average 8 13.8
Dissatisfied 0 0
High dissatisfied 1 1.7
Total 58 100
This table shows that about 67.2 people are satisfied with agent behavior. 17.2 percent people
are highly satisfied. And 13.8 Percent are average. Remain 1.7 Percent are highly dissatisfied.

Provide up to date information

Frequency percent
Highly satisfied 11 19.0
Satisfied 39 67.2
Average 6 10.3
Dissatisfied 2 3.4
High dissatisfied 0 0
Total 58 100
According to this table, 67.2 Percent point percent of people say they are satisfied with
information provided by health insurance companies today. And 19.0 %are highly satisfied.
Only 10.3 percent are say Average. Balance 3.4 percent are selected high dissatisfied.

Error free services

Frequency Percent
Highly satisfied 11 19.0
Satisfied 38 65.5
Average 7 12.1
dissatisfied 0 0
High dissatisfied 2 3.4
Total 58 100
Health insurance policy transparent

Frequency percent
Highly satisfied 14 24.1
Satisfied 40 69.0
Average 3 5.2
Dissatisfied 1 1.7
High dissatisfied 0 0
Total 58 100

Security and safety

Frequency Percent
Highly satisfied 14 24.1
Satisfied 40 69.0
Average 3 5.2
Dissatisfied 1 1.7
High dissatisfied 0 0
total 58 100

Company’s credibility

Frequency Percent
Highly satisfied 20 34.5
Satisfied 32 55.2
Average 5 8.6
Dissatisfied 1 1.7
High dissatisfied 0 0
Total 58 100
24*7 customer services

Frequency Percent
Highly satisfied 13 22.4
Satisfied 23 39.7
Average 21 36.2
Dissatisfied 1 1.7
High dissatisfied 0 0
Total 58 100

Overall satisfied

Frequency Percent
Highly satisfied 12 20.7
Satisfied 39 67.2
Average 6 10.3
Dissatisfied 1 1.7
High dissatisfied 0 0
total 58 100
The table above exposed that 67.2percent respondents Satisfied and 20.7
percent Highly satisfied to the statement acknowledged that they took into
Consideration the satisfaction of current customers. On the other hand 10.3
percent. Only 1.7 are dissatisfied.Large segment of respondents were
indifferent about the satisfaction level of customers of The insurance
company.