P. ) PHILLIPS KILN SERVICES LTD. KILN ALIG NMENT ANALYSIS an ee, igo Ptenis; United States # 5,148,238 5.106.795, ‘3401.553 Mexico #172518 Canada #1325680 Korea #00-15348 Europe #0,420,663 Revised - August 2000 ‘Jepan #2865410 INTRODUCTION The kiln must be aligned co that flexing and dietortion of the kiln shell arc minimized and 0 that loads to the support bearings are properly shared. Flexing and distortion of the kiln shell vastly increases mechanical wear and can severely reduce refractory brick life. Poor load sharing amongst the support rollers leads to roller and bearing problems. Alignment means positioning the support rollers so that the flexing of the kiln shell is minimized. The starting Point is to know how the rollers are hoiding the kiln with respect to a straight line To do this, that is to measure alignment with the kiln in full operation, accurately and reliably, requires an inno- vative approach Only Phillips’ Direct Method produces accurate and repeatable results without involving measurements to the tires and support rollers (their diameters and relative positions). Why should such measurements be avoided? Tires and rollers wear unevenly so the accuracy of measurement is always compromised. Doing this with the kiln in motion also compromises reliability and safety. This method determines tie stale of alignment by measurements directly to the shell. Hence the name “The Direct Method”. It is not encumbered by a rotating shell, it actually needs this movement to determine the shells centers of rotation. Alignment, based on measurements made directly to the moving shell to find the centers of rotation, is the heart of Phillips’ innovative approach and is the basis on which the patents were awarded. Now itis possible to align an operating kiln precisely. Ca? See pulledAligament: Preventive Maintenance Consequences Of Not Checking Alignment... No preventive maintenance Less than optimum operation « Acceptance of high wear rates High long term costs Low kiln availability Unpredictable outages ° ° Why is alignment important? It is the starting point for any mechanical maintenance program for a rotary kin Without understanding alignment and the associated mechanical conditions of the kiln it is impossible to plan maintenance work effectively The life of refractory is directly related to alignment of the kiln. Alignment measurement, which includes all the mechanical operating characteristics of the kn, should be a preventive mainten: ool. Unfortunately it has mostly been used as a rectification pr ‘Once the damage has been done to a kiln, alignment has lost most of its value as a preventative measure. Not using it as a preventive maintenance tool means the kiln will be running with less than optimum conditions. It often means that abnormal or high wear rates of kiln parts and premature refractory failure are accepted as normal. This means high operating costs and low kiln availabilty Not using alignment as a preventive maintenance too! invites unpredicted kiln stoppages. It means the opera- tor cannot fully rely on the mechanical operation of the kiln and that the costs of production will be higher than need be.L@©. Pt This presentation is meant to highlight the single basic concept which makes this procedure completely differ- ent from the others. This key point is the basis on which all the patents have been awarded. We will not attempt to detail the procedure for alianment measurement. Many methods commonly in use are either not reliable or require the kiln to be shut down to get reliable mea- surements. The discussion here focuses on how alignment measurements can bath be reliable and dane with the kiln in full operation. This is The Direct Method. In order to understand the difference between The Direct Method and all other techniques let us look at the basic concept of alignment. No matter what alignment measurement techniques are used, the final step when all the calculations have been done, is to compare the position of the Kiln to a straight line. We call this the erence Such a line is defined by the simplest of definitions in trigonometry as the shortest distance between two points. AineAlignment of a third and > | subsequent points can be oN measured in deviation from the reference line. Vv HD eS s © Horizontal = H Vertical = V When we introduce a third point, its position can then be measured as a deviation from this line in two direc- tions; H tal deviation ar ical deviation. Ament AnalyP1 ... P(n) are points of the kiln shell at each pier. Alignment is achieved when all points are moved to the reference line. Accuracy Accuracy e mney Of = Of ned Alignment Locating points We can then extend that idea to consider a multiple of points. Once the reference line is defined by two points, then the position of the remaining points can be determined in horizontal and vertical deviation, from that line. This is a very simple idea. What must be considered and what ie not etraight forward is what are these points and how are their positions measured” The most important thing to realize i, that itis the accuracy with which these points are established that determines the accuracy of the alignment. The en iso Su position of LA PoP overk nore aren alice tie accuracy of an alignment is only as ‘accurate as its worst measurement.Internal Alignment Setting targets inside the kiln. is shut down and cool. + Targets must be set at each support. + Coating and refractory must be penetrated to the shell. + The feed end target may be in the chains. + Reposition the kiln at least three times. All alignment measurement meth- ‘ods can be sorted into two groups; a and The internal alignment method is an accurate way of measuring the shell position. This is the way a new kiln is installed. Most times new kiln shell is too long to be transported to site in one piece. It is shipped in sections and these have to be assembled and welded into @ straight tube. The method involves establishing physical centers at each of the supports using mea- surements made from the inside surface of the shell. Once having established these centers it is only a mat- ter of viewing them, either by naked eye, or with a theodolite, or most recently using a laser, to see if they line up. With this very simple technique it is easy to established if all these points are in a straight line or not. This method is often referred to as the "bore sight alignment”.Once a kiln has gone into operation some preparation is necessary before an internal alignment can be made Naturally this internal method requires the kiln to be shut down. Not only does the kiln need to be shut down but because this method requires free internal line of sight and the ability to make several turns of the kiln, no other work can be done on or in the kiln at this time. Recreating the centers also means drilling the coating and the bricks at several locations for each target so that measurements can be made from the kiln shell plate direct- ly. Ifthe kiln has a chain section, usually a target must also be located in it as well. This means tying back the chains so that the work can be done. In order to get reasonable results the centers need to be established using at least three kiln positions. The changes that take place when the kiln is heated to its operating condi- tion must be estimated and factored into the results. Usually these considerations are ignored. If the shell is distorted from heat damage more measurements are needed for good results, To work with accuracy under these conditions with the limited time available is difficult. But the most difficult problem is to make the time available for the kiln alignment in the first place. All of these restrictions usually means that alignment measurement is not done on a routine basis but only when damage is already visible. Alignment Analysis - The Direct MethodExternal Alignment Procedures are complex - Centers are not measured they are ane | : i jth the external alignment method geometrically determined. the kiln still needs to be shut down 30 scheduling problems still exist + No references. But, with this method the harsh : e environment inside the kiln is avoid- - Worn roller and tire diameters to be ed. Instead, the centers are estab- accurately measured. lished by a series of external mea- surements. These are usually the roller and lire diameters, the roller + The shell is eccentric in the tire. spacing and the tire to shell gap 2 cn . since the shell is not concentric with + The tire exhibits ovality. the tire. Although we do not have to work inside the kiln, these mea- surements are an additional handicap since they are not easy measurements to make accurately. The most dif- ficult problem is the roller spacing since no easy reterence surtace Is available to measure trom. On some kilns, where the rollers and tires are badly worn, diameter measurements can also be a problem. It must be remembered that cy of the final al alignment is only as good as the worst m nt made. With kilns in poor mechanical condition, this type of alignment usually gives poor results. Since down-time is still required and since results are often poor, this method is not a popular preventive maintenance tool and is just a rectification tool.Hot External Procedures are Extrapolations of Cold External Methods + Plumb bobs have been uset + Opti a In the mid ‘80's the "hot kiln alig ment" method was introduced to the industry. These hot kiln align- ment methods are based on the conventional external principals but done while the Kiln is hot and run- ning. It was already difficult to get accurate results based on external geometric measurement and now it + All find centers indirectly from must be done with the kiln in full RCM | Smee ea sacs operation! It was only because of component geometry the introduction of the portable computer and the development of the laser equipped theodolite that this even became possible. It should be understood however, that although such measurements (an moving machinery) became possible thrauigh the development of new measuirament tools nothing in principle had changed in the alignment method and the quality of the results certainly did not improve. At the same time a great deal of interest and enthusiasm in “hot kiln" measurement arose since for the first time alignment could emerge from a corrective technique to a preventive technique since it appeared that checking alignment would not compete with down-time and the kiln could be aligned to its operating conditions. Spee ase aodInternal And External Methods Have Difficulties With Locating A Physical Center 1) Ovality: A+#B+C 2) Shell Eccentricity (gap) 3) Movement or Pitching 4) Permanent shell distortions 5) Accurate diameters??? 6) Roller spacing is very difficult to measure. Here then is a summary of the conditions that have prevented the hot kiln alignment method from becoming an accurate, convenient and powerful preventive maintenance tool. In order to accurately establish the position of the centers, both the internal and external methods including the hot kiln alignment methods, have several physical problems to deal with. These are: + shell eccentricity - the shell is not on the same center as the kiln tire, + shell ovality - the shell undergoes continuous deflection during rotation. ching the sholl may be moving from side to side because of a bent shell axis. srmanent shell deformations - from refractory failure and heat damage. worn rollers’ and tires’ surfaces. no reliable surfaces on the kiln components to measure to.Where P1 and P2 are centers of rotation. The key question must now be asked. How can The Direct Method overcome all these difficulties? It is sim- ply this: To determine alignment, we do not measure the support components (tires or rollers) at all. Alignment measurement only involves monitoring shell position. The Direct Method does not consider the rotation of the kiln as an obstacle. It is the first method to recognize that rotation is a key to new information. The heretofore hot alignment methods simply considered rotation an obstacle to overcome. ‘A body in rotation (the shell) has a canter of rotation which is usually not the physical center of the body. It can be found without knowing the shape of the object. The object does not have to be round, and we need not know how it is supported. To find its center of rotation requires only that the rotary movement of the object, the kiln shell in our case, be monitored in three places around its periphery. If the points to be aligned are the centers of rotation rather than physical geometric centers of the shell then we are actually aligning the kiln to its true operating condition. asuring To determine alignment, we do this without actually m or roller positions.‘The center of the unique circle defined by mean points #1, 2, & 3 is the center Mean Positions 1,2,&3 [) Ae aeciie shout ‘Schematically represented by the heavy outline is a kiln shell in cross section. It is not round and it has some planetary motion because we assume it has a bent axis. Although the shell turns continuously only eight posi- tions representing one rotation are shown by the dotted outlines. Three position monitors, displacement mea- surement lasers in this case, can be placed anywhere around the periphery of the shell, continuously measure the shell position during rotation. Each laser simply sees the shell move back and forth in front of it. A com- puter frequently samples the readings. Since the exact position of the lasers within the established reference gn, the average shell position determined by their respective measurements, yields three points P1, PZ, and P3. Three points define a unique circle since only one circle can pass through them. The center of this circle is the center of rotation of the body being scanned. Since the shell is generally expected to be round it is tempting to think of this circle as being the shell. It really isn't, because the “body” being scanned can be rec- tangular, triangular or any shape for that matter, and a “working circle” will still evolve with this method, A fixed frame of reference has been established within which the shell rotates. The various positions the laser apparatus is set in are precisely measured within the grid allowing the center of rotation as determined in the foregoing, to be located in real distances, x millimeters longitudinally, y millimeters laterally, and z millimeters in elevation. Itis worth noting that there is a distinct difference between the center of rotation and the physical center of the shell. This difference may not be great but that won't be known until after it has been measured. Of utmost significance is that the center of rotation has been determined totally independently of the kiln supports. That is no diameters of tires or rollers has yet been made. Additionally, the ease of getting these measurements and their accuracy and reliability are far superior than trying to measure the support components’ geometry in order to derive physical centers.The apparatus Shown here is the side-shot set up. The laser continuously scans the shell for position. The apparatus includes several other items to allow the technician to not only set up in the desired attitude, but to also locate it’s posi- lion in the co-ordinate grid. A digital level and a motorized, radio controlled, target assembly help in this respect Precise location measurements of the device can then be made. Aeneaeun iisaveus tkeThe second arrangement is the bottom shot. The laser continu- ously scans the shell to track movement which is made up of both run-out and shell shape varia- tions. This method requires that the shell be moving, preferably with the Kiln in steady state, nor- mal, operating conditions. Before this method was introduced hot alignment could be performed with the kiln shut down. That is because those measurements were not sensitive to movement But tracking movement is neces- sary to determine the center of rotation of the shell. Note also that itis the shell and not the tires that is targeted. Mounted on the apparatus is a prism used to optically locate the position of the entire apparatus within the ref erence grid. The entire volume within which the kiln is located is defined in three directions to a resolution of ‘mm in all directions. More easily said, we can locate any point near or around the kiln by an X,Y,Z address to within 1 mm in each direction. At each position the laser scans the entire surface of the shell and reports the mean position. These “means combined with the total station locations of the prism positions allows the computation of the center of rotation of the shell to the nearest millimeter in the axial, transverse and azimuth directions. ierone eee eieeueesReference Prism ‘one of several around the area of the kiln. Using a fully three dimensional coordinate survey technique gives the technician maximum flexibility to set up his reference grid. A series of prisms are set up around the kiln that provide constant reference locations. With these, every measurement can be cross referenced and verified every step along the way. nese een ied uals faefeet curse Bric clita) er cel) The heart of the alignment system is the integrated total station. It measures the prism positions and calculates their coordinates. These are recorded in memory. A field data collection management program is used to guide and veri- fy the work. Additionally a radio control unit allows the technician to precisely manipulate the pier top apparatus. The total station can immediately plot, on screen, the positions measured at any time without interruption. This gives the technician a visual guide to the progress of the work. The information is then combined with the laser data and the coordi- nate position of all the centers of rotation are computed. It should be emphasized that e a e gaps. The shell pitching and eccentricity has also been assimilated. The shell has been viewed as a tube rotating in space. The physical problems associated with conventional methods have been avoided. Using a fully three dimensional coordinate survey technique gives the technician maximum flexibility to set up his reference arid. A series of prisms are set up around the kiln that provide constant reference locations. With these every measurement can be cross referenced and verified every step along the way. MME oe ieee eedslope we can compare these to the kiln slope. The discussion so far has focused ‘on the most important part of multi- ple supported kiln alignment, that is pier to pier alignment when there are 3 or more piers. For good kiln ‘operation another important part of alignment is certainly also roller ‘skew and slope. Slope is the verti- cal position of each roller. Our align- ment procedure also measures the actual slope of the kiln which some methods cannot do. Since we also measure the roller or roller base Roller skew, its parallelness to the axis of the shell in the horizontal plane, is not measured but is determined by adjustment. incorrect roller skewing can cause a great deal of damage to the kiln. Correctly skewing the rollers is a skill which our technicians can easily teach to your personnel Only with proper slope and skew can face contact be maximized. neue ae ieee ErekisAlignment Analysi Elevation — 0.26” [7mm] ee orn 0.43" [1mm] 0.21” [smm} 0.16” [4mm] Plan 0.23” [6mm] 0.11” [3mm] The heart of the alignment report is the two diagrams shown above and the illustration for recommended roller adjustments on the following page. As stated at the outset, any alignment method must boil down to reporting the kiln position with respect to a ref- erence line. We also stated that it takes two points to define a reference line. There are many options for selecting these points. First and most usual is to select the paint representing the center of the gear. This ensures that gear position is not altered unless required. Using this point as a pivot, in the plan view, any sec- ond point that makes sense can be chosen; a seal, another pier etc. In elevation view the design slope of the kiln is the guide instead of a second point. Most often, using some constraints, the computer can give us a ran dom second point determined by the "best fit" ine, This yields the minimum amount of roller adjustments to bring the kiln into line. Again it is emphasized that the alignment measurement has bcen completed without knowing any dimension- al information about the tires, rollers, roller spacing or tire to shell gap.Recommended Roller Adjustments 26mm. 19mm. 12mm 12mm imm 1.017] [0.75"]_—- [0.497] [0.477] [0.05”] ¢ Gear 1 Sein [1.24”] [0.75"]—[0.42”] [0.27"] [0.51”] 31mm 19mm 1imm 7mm 13mm In most instanves the alignment report is not an end in itself. Actual roller adjustments to correct any alignment are usually wanted. This illustration is another page out of the report which shows the actual roller moves that are required to correct the measured misalignment. Note that the moves are shown per roller rather than per bearing. The reason for this fs hal ruler skew hess not yet been measured. Skew will be determined during the adjustment process and left with the minimum amount required. Each bearing of a roller will therefore be moved by slightly different amounts. Their average move or adjustment however, must equal the recommended value per this illustration. Our crews can supervise these adjustments to assure that all goes well and that the work is completed to every- one’s satistaction. Although the main alignment information can be presented with these last three illustrations, each report will be 30 to 50 pages in length depending mainly on the number of supports the kiln has. Although alignment is the main objective, itis always our intent to provide as much information about the mechanical condition of the kiln, that can be assessed during its operation, as possible. All these observations and associated recommenda- tions are also contained in the final report Usually the alignment crew will present the final report within two days after completing the measurements. In this way an active discussion can take place on the findings - while the crew is stil at site.Accuracy of Locating The Centers of Rotation 3mm [1/8"]_ = Anote on accuracy ... The instruments used for these measurements are capable of an accuracy far greater than what will be report- ed. There are always prevailing site conditions which challenge Ue full capabilily of these instruments. Unless specifically noted otherwise in the alignment report, we almost always get well within acceptable tolerances for kiin alignment. Our standard for acceptability is to locate each of the centers of rotation within an envelope of 1/8" of about 3mm. This will meet, If not exceed, kiln manufacturer's requirements for setting new kilns but we can do it on any kiln. Because this method is not affected by worn components there is no difference in the Quality of the result from a new to @ severely wom kiln.error in locating the centre: 15mm. as where, 3897-3883 = 14 and 2250-2245 = 5 Compared to conventional The astute reader will recognize that even though the position of alignment was obtained without measurement of tire or roller diameters or roller spacing, those measurements are in fact required to translate misalignments into roller moves. The immediate reaction would then be to conclude that the advantage of getting alignment position directly (without those measurements) is lost. Not so. There is a big difference between using those measurements to establish alignment and using those measurements only for roller moves calculations. A sim- ple example will illustrate this point. Consider fig 1. An error in tire diameter of 20mm and an error in one roller diameter of 10mm will affect the location of the center in elevation by 14mm and in plan by 5mm. The vector sum shows that the center identi- fied for alignment would be mislocated by 15mm.¢ Movelet = b1.[E7(H+aH)® — Movewight= 62. [a4 (H+ aH)? C+ Be Ae At‘ Bt Ct = where n= ATES where bt Vertical Adjustment 1 | AH H Lo 7 Owes Mi So Move each roller 10mm (ie) ae) Consider fig 2 Alternatively, already knowing the alignment via The Direct Method, the erroneous diameters are then only used to calculate the roller adjustment(s). First ofall the plan view adjustment is completely independent of any diam- eters. If a plan view correction of 10mm was indicated, moving both rollers 10mm, irrespective of their diame- ters corrects the alignment. The error in diameter measurements therefore do not affect the recommended adjustment(s) at all. In elevation view let us also assume that a 10mm vertical correction is required. Calculating the adjustments first using the erroneous diameters, indicates an inward adjustment of both rollers of 17.41mm. If we had made the calculations using the correct diameters the adjustment would have worked out to be 17.31mm. A difference of only 0.16mm. Much too small to worry about. Method is 10 By example we can see therefore that the inherent accuracy of The Dit ord ude be ional procedu wens eenAlignment: Preventive Maintenance An Aligned Kiln Reduces Stresses On: - Refractory - Tires ° Kiln Shell * Support Rollers ¢ Tire Shell Pads Roller Shafts * Tire Retainers - Support Bearings ° The Direct Method has proven itself over the years to be accurate, 1 dl repeatable [tis a method by which many companies have gained confidence in t c In this way the service life of all the kiln parts as well as the refractory ai fed to their maximum. This gives the operator maximum mechanical reliability of the kiln by avoiding unexpected stoppages. Misuse ued eu icrea esdSplitis at the manhole 0° 90° 180° 270° 360° 1 1 2 =>} I I Areas exceedin SELLE”, : eneeae 9 35 LZ LLL ome ater zs Pier Tire +1" inch Using the same laser scanning instrument a shell profile can be generated. Even though the actual varia- tions of the shell profile are small compared to the overall diameter of the shell, by exaggerating their amplitude we can get a good visual impression of what the shell looks like. Were the shell to be truly cylindrical then the displayed mesh would appear perfectly flat. It is easy to see where the problem areas are. Asshell profile such as this becomes a valuable tool in assessing the condition of the shell ‘An important con- sideration when it comes time to replace a section. GEreez! insKiln Shell Run-Out Fun-Out angle of Position Max. Ooourronce 300 300 300 220 300 300 210 300 300 310 20 300 300 230 As stated earlier in the alignment 290, i " 2 discussion, th 220 b 230 the s e cont | tion. Thisis in fact akways the case 0 and sometimes itis very significant. ae The heavy irregular line is the axis 360 ofthe shell. The straight line up the = center is the axis of rotation estab- too lished by the centers of rotation at fen ach support and drawing a etraight 18 line through them. The Direct 150 Method clearly and accurately 1 shows us this difference 20 40 When the shell movement is mea- 0 ‘sured, most often itis all taken to be 50 run out. In fact when the kiln shell = is not round, oval for example, it can stil rotate on its physical cen- ter. In such a case the profile is non zero but the run out would be zero. Conversely a true circular shell not turning on its physical center, that is, when it has some planetary motion, has a “zero” profile (the mesh is perfectly flat) but the run out would be non zeiv. Please alsy note Wis graplr is nee dimensional, The angular occurrence or phase of the riaximum run- outs is shown on the column far right. 2 ELPNTT TV TTTT TT HTL ected Rur-Out di ‘to manufactucing tolerance ‘The procedures used here can differentiate between profile variations and true axlal run out, This information along with the profile are key analytical tools not only to select the section of kiln to replace but, also to position the kiln for the easiest fit up of the new sectionSUMMARY Why Alignment and Ovality Are Important ¢ New Kiln Benchmark Preventive Maintenance - Monitor Conditions - Plan Maintenance Work - Avoid Unexpected Failures e Revenue Generator We strongly suggest that a full alignment and shell profile be carried out on a new kiln. Unfortunately no kiln manufacturer supplies a fully documented alignment and ovality analysis as part of their commissioning pro- gram. Why do kiln manufacturers not provide a document of completion that verifies ovalities and alignment as soon as the kiln is commissioned? Isn't the first alignment the most important one’ It is the one that verifies the installation and gives a benchmark for evaluating future problems should they develop. New equipment warrantees are very short, usually only one year, but the expected service life should be more than 25 years. New equipment installations often have subtle problems that are not noticed or are even neglected ureg the hectic months of commissioning. _F n by jew kiln owner. This is especially true for the new kilns running 3 RPM or more. The half measures that were acceptable on older slower Kilns cannot be tolerated by these newer kilns. preventive maintenance program that actively involves kiln alignment and ovality measurement allows the kiln conditions to be properly monitored which in turn allows maintenance work to be property planned. This puts the operator in full control by avoiding surprises. Done properly, these analytical measures can be revenue generators.For The Record ¢ Since 1989, More Than 50 Kilns Per Year ° Cement Lime Recovery (Pulp and Paper) Chemical Mining For the record, using The Method by Centers of Rotation tor alignment, Philips is aligning more than 5U kilns per year. + Cement + Lime Recovery - pulp and paper industry + Chemical - calcining bauxite, aluminum oxide + Mining - nickel, iron ore reduction Refinery - Titanium dioxide reduction Phillips has a complete capability of mechanical services for all rotary trunnion supported equipment including dryers, reactors, granulators, coolers and so on. We are experienced in setting gears, changing shell sections, installing seals, tires, rollers etc. Our founding business and still a major part of all activities is tire and roller resurfacing while the kiln or dryer ete. is in normal operation. This service is also based on patented equipment and highly skilled operators. Alignment is: 3 iz ereesee Ss THE ANCIENTS DISCOVERED IT... See Stonehenge built by the Druids over 4000 years ago, took 1500 a tbaanentpinpcrtpeniemets- sm sans oeed permeateemeesaraoe nats avolable PHILLIPS Analysis which provides engineers with precise information KILN SERVICES LTD, to make any necessary PHILLIPS KILN SERVICES LTD. edustinents, PO. Box 1108, Sioux Cty, IA 51102 USA Fax: (402) 454.6856 To. (402) 4946637 ‘The results - reduced power ln USA 6 Canada (800) 837.0876, penmenpiien tone Snpecned PrnLLPs KILN SERVICES LID Fite expectancy for all 251 Queen St, South, Unt 3, Sute B11 Mississauga, Ontario, Canade LSM 1L7 refractory and mechanical Fax: (416) 724 1924 Tet (800) 831 0876 ‘components. PHILLIPS REMA KILN SERVICES ucas Werks, Shtfild Road, Orenfld We cin guarantee that an lene angry stay icace FH (01240) 447 246 Th (OTRAG) 449-774 for,@O00 yells but\then it PHILLIPS KILN SERVICES (INDIA) PVT. LTD. 16/17-18 Jogen industrial Complex Won't take uglas long ab it Cuinnannats, Retay a0 028, tne Fax 22 522 6395 Tet 22 522 3892/522 6820 took to bulé Stehehenge. INTERNET: HTTP:/ /WwW.KILN.coM