TAKS.

: RESUME PRESENTASI

MATKUL : INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC

GROUP :1.SITI AISYAH Mulia BALKIS

2.ANUGRAH RAFAIZ PRATAMA

About : 1.explain the difference between morphology and allomorph

2.explain and differentiate inflectional and derivational morphology

- Understanding morphology

Morphology is a science that studies the intricacies of words and also the function of changes in
these forms, both in grammatical function or word meaning based on the context of use, as well as
semantic function or word meaning based on dictionary/lexical meaning.

Of course, the object of morphology is the word. However, words themselves are actually formed
from something smaller, before finally becoming a word. This small thing is a morpheme. A
morpheme is the smallest unit in a language that has meaning in one utterance. As Hocket said,
morphemes are the smallest elements that individually have meaning in a single utterance of a
language. Generally, morphemes will be symbolized with curly brackets {…}. Then, what does a
morpheme look like? The form of the morpheme itself can be a word affix, for example: ber-, di-,
struggle. According to Keraf, morphemes are divided into two, namely

A. Free morphemes that can directly form a sentence or morphemes that can stand alone.

B. Bound morphemes which cannot directly form a sentence, but are always bound to other
morphemes.

Morphological Processes and Types

There are several types of morphological processes in Indonesian according to Lorentz and Jahr.
Several morphological processes can explain the natural formation of a word, namely:

Zero derivation

Zero derivation is a word formation process that changes a single lexeme into a single word. For
example, the lexeme sleep which is a single lexeme can be changed into the single word sleep
through the morphological process of zero derivation.

Affixation
Affixation in the morphological type is a process that changes a lexeme into a word after receiving
an affix. For example, the word “read” comes from the lexeme “read” which undergoes an
affixation process by obtaining the affix meng-.

Reduplication

Reduplication or repetition is the process of changing a lexeme by adding repetition of the initial
syllable, full repetition, full repetition that changes the sound, or repetition of the final syllable.
For example, the lexeme house can be formed into the word rumah-rumah after using the
morphological process dwilingga (whole repetition).

Composition

This conversion process changes the combination of lexemes into one word, namely a compound.
For example, the lexeme broom and the lexeme hand can be formed into the compound word
handkerchief.

Example of Morphology

The word cats is part of a complete repetition morphological process. One cat word indicates a
four-legged fur animal, while two cat words indicate that there is more than one animal.

Definition of allomorph

Allomorphy is a linguistic term for variations in the form of a morpheme due to the influence of
the environment it enters. This variation occurs in a change in sound (phonology) without a change
in meaning.

Allomorphic Forms

A. The allomorph me- is formed when you meet words with the initial letters w, r, n, m, ng, ny.

B. Allomorphs are formed when they meet words with the initial letters p, b, f, and v.

C. Men- allomorphs are formed when they meet words with the initial letters c, d, j, sy, and t.

D. The allomorph meng- is formed when it meets a basic word consisting of syllables

Examples of allomorphs are the morphemes ber- (ber-, be-, and bel-) and me- (me-, mem-, men-,
meng-, and meny-). Allomorphs are forms of morphemes whose status is already known.

Some differences between morphology and allomorph

- Definition
Morphemes are minimal units of meaning in a language.

Allomorphs are units of meaning that vary in sound without changing the meaning.

- Nature

Morphemes can be words or parts of words.

Allomorphs are often part of a word.

-Area

Morphemes are concerned with the structure and meaning of words.

Allomorphs relate to the sounds of words

So the prominent difference between morphemes and allomorphs is that morphemes are related
to the meaning and structure of words while allomorphs are related to sound.

Inflectional Morpheme

Inflectional morpheme (inflectional/inflectional morpheme) is a morpheme that does not cause

changes in word class and word meaning. However, these morphemes influence number
(plurality) and tenses.

So, this morpheme functions to indicate whether a word is singular or plural, whether a particular
sentence is in the past tense or not, and whether a particular word is comparative or possessive.

In essence, this morpheme does not change the meaning, so it is only used to identify the
grammar

You can add inflectional morphology to verbs, nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. For example, adding ‘-
s’ to the plural verb ‘run’ can make this verb singular. Likewise, adding ‘-ed’ to the verb dance
creates the past tense of the verb (dance).

Some other examples are as follows:

Cat à Cat s

Teach à Teach es

What is Derived Morphology?

Derivative morphology is the science that studies the formation of new words that differ both in
syntactic category and in meaning from the base word. So, derivational morphemes are affixes
that we add to a word to produce a new word or new word form. Additionally, derived
morphemes can change the meaning or grammatical category of the word. For example,

Change of Meaning

Leaves → Leaves leave

Pure → I am pure

Changes in Grammatical Categories

Help (verb) → Help er (noun)

Logic (noun) → Logic al (adjective)

Morphological derivation

In linguistics , it is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a
prefix or suffix , such as un- or -ness .

What is the Difference Between Inflectional and Derivative Morphology?

Inflectional morphology is the study of the modification of words to suit different grammatical
contexts, while derivational morphology is the study of the formation of new words that differ
either in syntactic category or meaning from their bases. Hence, this is the principle difference
between inflectional and derivational morphology. Apart from that, in use, the difference between
inflectional and derivational morphology is that inflectional morphemes are affixes that only
function as grammatical markers and indicate some grammatical information about a word, while
derivational morphemes are affixes that are able to change the meaning and grammatical
category. From that word.
Moreover, the main difference between inflectional and derivational morphology is that while
inflectional morphemes create new forms of the same word, derivational morphemes create new
words.