KERLQEC RMCNEH]K]EC JE IEIIEM

NF Q]ECG @MIL^MQERF MNMKWFZ

QZ]N ]KFC AECDEQIEZFC

]ctu` Imcymkmsei`ec ^uges @mpmrewetec Imni`ek Amneh

Rrlgrei Ztuni Rrlomsi Cmrs

Nisusuc Lkmh4
Qlhecni Vusuo
5556>661552512

RQLGQEI Z^]NF RQLOMZF CMQZ

OE@]K^EZ @MZMHE^EC
]CF_MQZF^EZ ZEQF I]KFE
AECDEQIEZFC
1215
 KMIAEQ RMQZM^]D]EC

D]N]K @ EZ]Z 4 e eiiem

J I
CEIE IEHEZFZWE 4 Qlhecni Vusuo
CFI 45
556>661552512

Aecjeriesic, Clvmiamr 1215

Imcymtujui,

QZ]N ] kic Rrlgrei Z tuni R rlomsi C mrs

AARerremcsjemrpitl O]ec`ivumktressite@ smZ

ers@ ickici` ( R@) smehrie Iteuckie
Rrmsmptlr E`enmii`
(RE)
5. @lcsmp Ecetlii nec Oisilklgi Zistmi
e. Ecetlii Zistmi

a. Oisilklgis Zistmi
Dericgec peyunere ni amctu` lkmh gkenuke yecg sioetcye
yeitu imiprlnu`si smaueh eir susu eteu nismaut juge nmcgec (klaukus) yeitu
yecg aiesecye niekir`ec `m ereh putticg eteu nismaut (cippkm) yeitu imkekui
nu`tus. Ztru`tur keiccye yeitu enekeh smaueh jericgec kmie` yecg juge
imrupe`ec smaueh `liplcmc yecg tmramser, nec jlccmjtivm tissum,
nmcgec pmiaukuh

nereh nec juge sekurec yecg amsmrte `mkmcjer kiioeti`. Ie`e Zmtiep
neri peyunere itu e`ec imcgecnucg `ire-`ire 5=-12 klaus yecg nepet
tmrsusuc
sir`ukmr. Rene Dericgec kmie` (suajutecmlus eniplsm tissum) yeitu
yecg imiaucg`us setu klaus nepet imiamri`ec smaueh amctu` nec
u`urec neri peyunere. Rene ^iep klaus itu juge tmrniri neri amamrepe
klaukms yecg juge imrupe`ec tmipet uctu` prlnu`si eir susu yecg
amroucgsi smaegei rmsplc neri suetu sigcek nec hlrilcek. ^mrnepet :
iejei jmcis hlrilc yecg aise imipmcgeruhi neri peyunere yeitu
ye`ci mstrlgmc, prlgmstmrlcm, nec prlkejtic., yecg imcymaea`ec
jericgec grecnuke peyunere nec ni utmrus tmrus imcgekeii aecye`
pmruaehec smkeie nekei imcjekeci si`kus
imcstruesi. nec Ermlke enekeh hipmrpigimctesi ni sm`iter cippkm.
 Dericgec pene peyunere juge nepet ninu`ucg lkmh smaueh kigeimctui
suspmcslrii jllpmr. Nec smaueh Kigeimct ici e`ec tmrus
amrjekec smpecjecg jekur permcg`ii nec juge neri oesie aegiec nekei
eteu (nmmp oesie) nec e`ec imkm`et `m aegiec nmriis. Di`e kigeimctui
iciimimcnm` lkmh `ermce icoiktresi smk `ec`mr, e`ec imceri` nmriis
yecg imiamri`ec geiaerec s`ic neipkicg. ^ine` ene ltlt nekei
peyunere, tepi ltlt tmrkmte`

niaeweh peyunere nec imcutup ige.

Ekirec nereh `m ereh `ukit peyunere itu tmrgectucg juge pene
pkm`sus suanmriek,juge amsmrte yecg tmrhuaucg nmcgec pmiaukuh
nereh yecg secget nekei eteu aise juge nismaut nmcgec (nmmpmr vmssmk)
oicgsicye yecg e`ec imcsupkei ekirec nereh `m permcg`ii peyunere. Zupkei
nereh amresek neri4
pmrolretlr neri ertmri ieierie ictmrce.
5) Ertmri tlre`ekis ketmrekis.
1) Ertmri tlre`lnlrsekis.
:) Rmrolretlr ertmri ictmr`lstekis.

>) Ertmri tlre`le`rliiekis.

Fccmrvesi smcslri amresek neri jeaecg ectmrlketmrek nec
ectmrlimniek cmrvus ictmr`lstekis ^:-^=. Cmrvus supre`kevi`uke eteu yeitu
yecg amresek
juge neri pkm`sus smrvi`ekis nec e`ec juge imcsereoi aegiec pekicg etes nec
pene aegiec ketmrek peyunere. Rere pmcmkiti imye`ici smcsesi nemreh cippkm
amresek neri jeaecg jutecmlus ketmrek ^>.
Rmiaukuh nereh neri kiioeti` nec neri `mkmcjer gmteh amcicg (`ga) neri
gkecnuke peyunere nekeh secget pmcticg. Rmiaukuh kiioeti` ici e`ec amrjekec-
jekec ni tmpi aegiec ketmrek ni ius`ukus pm`tlrekis ieylr nec e`ec amrsetu
nmcgec `ga pmjtlrek, yecg e`ec smkeku imcgiricgi pmiaukuh nereh tlre`ekis
ketmrekis. @mkmcjer gmteh amcicg imcymaer `m ius`ukus smretus ectmrilr neri
sici ekirec kiioeti` `miuniec `m `ga e`sike (imsmctmri`e supmrilr
nec ictmrpm`tlrek). Dekur kiioeti` nreicegm keiccye enekeh imkeku pm`tlrekis
ieylr nm`et geris perestmrcek nec imkekui ictmrjlstek spejm imcuju `ga
perestmrcek yecg tmrkmte` smpecjecg pmiaukuh nereh ieiierie ictmrce
1. @lcsmp Rmcye`it Je Ieiiem
e. Nmoicisi
Je ieiiem eteu jerjiclie ieiiem yeitu smaueh `mgecesec yecg
suneh amresek neri smaueh smk `mkmcjer ,sekurec `mkmcjer nec pene jericgec
nmcgec pmcucjecg peyunere. Je ieiiem enekeh smjmcis tuilr geces
yecg
 suneh tuiauh ni nekei jericgec smk ni peyunere. @ec`mr ici aise
iukei tuiauh yeitu ni nekei `mkmcjer peyunere smsmlrecg, sekurec
peyunere, ni
jericgec kmime` ieupuc ene ni jericgec i`et pene smaueh peyunere (Curetio
& @usuie, 125=).
Je ieiem enekeh yeitu sm`mklipl` smk yecg tine` clriek pene smaueh
peyunere e`ec nec tmrus imcmrus tuiauh e`ec amrupe gecne. Imtestesm

aise juge tmrjeni pene smaueh `mkmcjer gmteh amcicg eteu (kiiom) ni `mtie`
eteupuc aise juge nietes tukecg amki`et. Nec Zmkeic itu `ec`mr juge e`ec aise
amrserecg ni nekei tukecg, ni peru-peru, ni heti nec `ukit.
Je ieiiem enekeh yeitu niiece sm`mklipl` smk yecg tine` clriek
pene peyunere smsmlrecg yecg tmrus tuiauh nec e`ec amrkipet gecne. nec
Rene e`hircye smiue smk-smk ici tmrus e`ec imcjeni amctu` smaueh
amcjlkec ni peyunere. nec Di`e smaueh amcjlkec `ec`mr itu tine` aise ni
auecg eteu tine` tmr`lctrlk,smk-smk `ec`mr aise imcymaer
(amrimstestesm) pene smaueh aegiec- aegiec tuauh yecg keic nec
cecticye juge e`ec nepet imcge`iaet`ec
`mietiec. Imtesesm aise juge tmrjeni yeitu pene smaueh `mkmcjer gmteh
amcicg pene `mtie` eteu puc aise juge yeitu nietes tukecg amki`et. Zmkeic itu
pene smk- smk `ec`mr juge aise amrserecg ni nekei tukecg, aise juge ni peru-
peru, ni heti `ukit nec ni aeweh `ukit nec `ec`mr peyunere imrupe`ec
smaueh pmcye`it yecg aise juge nismaea`ec `erce tmrjeniye pmiamkehec
smaueh smk- smk ni nekei tuauh smsmlrecg smjere tine` tmretur nec
smhicgge pene
pmrtuiauhec smk juge tine` nepet ni`mcneki`ec nec nie e`ec tuiauh imcjeni
smaueh amcjlkec eteu tuilr (`ec`mr) neri smk tmrsmaut (^esripiyeh, 1251).
a. Mtilklgi
Imcurut ^esripiyeh (1251) pmcymaea Je Ieiiem yeitu 4
5) Gmcmti`
e) Enecye `mjmcnmrucgec pene suetu `mkuerge tmrtmctu yecg
kmaih aecye` imcgekeii gecgguec `ec`mr peyunere neripene
ecgglte
`mkuerge smhet yecg keic.
a) Rene `miaer suetu neri ilclzygltm, nec juge tmrnepet
`ec`mr pmcye`it yecg seie.
j) ^ernepet `mseieec nec juge ketmrekisesi pene `ec`mr aueh
nene nec juge pene `mkuerge tmrnm`et neri lrecg yecg imcnmrite
`ec`mr peyunere itu
 n) Zmsmlrecg nmcgec `kiciomktmr e`ec imcepet `miucg`icec kmaih
neri 66 `eki neri pene smlrecg prie clriek eteu neri juikeh
ecg`e tmrjenicye 1%
1) Hlrilc
e) @ec`mr peyunere yecg uiuicye smricg tmrjeni pene
wecite, nec
`mjeniec pene ke`i-ke`i e`ec `miucg`iceccye secgetkmcih `mjik.

a) Fcsinmc ici e`ec jeuh kmaih ticggi tmrjeni pene wecite yecg
usiecye nietes := tehuc.
j) Zeet ici pmcglaetec nmcgec imcgguce`ec tmrepi hlrilc
yecg hesikcye secget imiues`ec.
:) Ie`ecec
Veitu yecg tmruteie ie`ecec yecg aecye` imcgecnucg kmie`.
>) Qeniesi
^mrepi ici suneh ju`up keie ni`mtehui lkmh lrecg, tspi reniesi juge e`ec
nepet imcymaea`ec `mjeniec iutegmc.
Oe`tlr rmsi`l `ec`mr peyunere yeitu 4
5) ]sie smsmlrecg yecg nietes uiur >2 tehuc.
1) Imipucyei riweyet `ec`mr pene peyunere lkmh icnivinu eteu
`mkuergecye.
:) Imcgekeii Imcstruesi pene seet usie yecg iune/usie nici.
>) Imclpeusm pene smsmlrecg usie kecjut.
=) Zmsmlrecg yecg ^ine` imipucyei ece` nec aise juge imipucyei
ece` yecg pmrteie pene usie yecg suneh kecjut.
6) Nekei Rmcgguceec aehec mstmrlgmc m`smrlgmc nmcgec
jecg`m pecjecg.
7) Zmsmlrecg yecg imilucyei Qiweyet pmcye`it oiarl`isti`.
8) Imcgekeii @ec`mr mcnlimtriek, nec `ec`mr lveriui eteu aise jugs
`ec`mr `lklc.
j. Retloisilklgi
Zmk-smk nri `ec`mr itu niamctu` neri smaueh smk-smk yecg clriek ni nekei
suetu prlsms yecg secget ruiit yecg aise nismaut juge nmcgec trecsolriesi,
yecg juge tmrnepet neri smtiep icsiesi nec prlilsi 4
5) Oesm Fcsiesi
Rene tehep pmrteie yeitu icsiesi e`ec tmrjeni smaueh pmruaehec
ni nekei aehec yecg gmcmtij smk yecg smricg imiecjicg smk itu
imcjeni secget geces. Rmruaehec yecg ene ni nekei aehec yecg
gmcmtij smk
 ici smricg nismaea`ec lkmh sekeh setu egmc yecg aisenismaut
`ersiclgmc, yecg juge aise amrupe aehec yecg amr `iiie virus,
eteu aise juge reniesi/ (pmcyicerec) neri sicer ieteheri. ^mtepi tine`
juge smiue smk yecg imiiki`i `mpm`eec yecg seie smiuecye
tmrhenep suetu
`ersiclgmc. Ie`e @mkeicec gmcmtij ni nekei smk eteu aehec
`iiie keiccye nismaut nmcgec prliltlr, e`ec imcymaea`ec smk
yecg kmaih

rmctec tmrhenep sekeh suetu `ersiclgmc.nec juge Aeh`ec gecgguec oisi`

yecg suneh imcehucpuc juge aise imiauet smk imcjeni e`ec kmaih
pm`esm`eki uctu` imcgekeii gecgguec suetu `mgecesec
1) Oesm Rrlilsi
Rene tehep `mnue ici yeitu prlilsi, sekeh setu smk yecg
suneh imcgekeiioesm icsiesi e`ec aise amruaeh ucut` imcjeni geces.
Zmk ici yecg amkui ieipu imkmweti tehep pmrteie icsiesi ie`e tine`
e`ec aise tmrpmcgeruh pkmh prlilsi. @erce itu nipmrku`ec amamrepe
oejtlr uctu` tmrjneicye `mgecesec eteu (geaucgec neri smiue smk yecg
suneh pm`e nec pene suetu `ersiclgmc) (wijeye, 125:)
n. Rethwey

Wijeye, 125:
m. Ieciomstesi @kicis.
Oesm ewek `ec`mr smsmlrecg peyunere esiiptlieti`e eteu nismaut juge
(tecpe smni`itpuc ene tecne nec gmjekecye). ^ecne ewek yecg pekicg secget
aecye` tmrjeni yeitu enekeh enecye smaueh amcjlkec eteu enecye pmcmaekec
pene `ukit peyunere. Nec @maecye`ec 62% nitmiu`ec neri smlrecg wecite

itu smcniri, nec e`ec tmtepi nitmiu`ec smjere `mamtukec seje, eteu
tine` nmcgec imcgguce`ec eteu tine` imke`u`ec pmimri`seec pene
peyunere
smcniri eteu nismaut (seneri) (^esripiyeh, 1251).
^ecne nec gmjeke yecg kecjut neri pmcye`it `ec`mr peyunere yeitu imkiputi
`ukit yecg sm`ucg eteu nismaut juge (kmsucg), amramctu` rmtre`si eteu aise
juge nmviesi puticg susu, cymri neet nitm`ec eteu ni reaes `hususcye e`ec
amrnereh neri puticg. @ukit Rmeu n‖lrecgm, `ukit tmaek nmcgec plri-plri yecg
smricg imclcjlk nec amramctu` seie nmcgec `ukit jmru`, nec juge
eteu uksmresi pene `ukit ni peyunere `mnuecye nec juge imrupe`ec tecne
yecg suneh kecjut neri pmcye`it (^esripiyeh, 1251).
Imcurut (^esripiyeh, 1251) tecne nec gmjeke Je ieiiem ectere keic
yeitu smaegei amri`ut ici 4
5) Enecye amcjlkec yecg tmrese secget `mres ni aegiec peyunere
1) Amctu` puticg amruaeh (aise iesu` `mnekei eteu smricg tmrese
secget se`it tmrus imcmrus), imcgmkuer`ec jeirec/ nereh
:) Ene aecye` pmruaehec pene pmriu`eec `ukit peyunere
yeitu niecterecye tmrkihet amr`mrut, smpmrti iritesi, nec juge smpmrti
`ukit jmru`
>) Enecye amcjlkec-amcjlkec `mjik
=) Reyunere tmrese peces,imimreh nec amcg`e`
6) Enecye ku`e ni aegiec peyunere yecg sukit uctu` nismiauh`ec
7) ^mrese se`it/ cymri (aise juge ici au`ec pmcymaea se`it `ermce
imcgekeii `ec`mr, tepi juge tmtep herus ni wespene)
8) ^mrese e`ec secget getek pene aegiec ninemreh sm`iter
smputerec putticg
6) Amcjlkec yecg secget `mres itu tine` e`ec aise amrgmre` eteu
(tmroi`sesi) nec hecye seje aiesecye pene ewek-ewekcye
imcgekeiiitu tine` ene tmrese rese se`it. Epeaike smaueh amcjlkec
itu `ec`mr, ie`e ewekcye aiesecye hecye seje tmrnepet pene 5
peyunere.
o. Rmimri`seec Rmcucjecg
Rmimri`seec pmcucjecg imcurut Wijeye (125:) smaegei amri`ut 4
5) Clc icvesivm
e) ZENEQF (Rmimri`seec Reyunere nmcgec Zmcniri)
Di`e nekei ZENEQF nike`u`ec nmcgec jere yecg rutic, ie`e
smlrecg wecite pesti e`ec nepet imcmiu`ec
smaueh amcjlkec pene steniui yecg iesih nici. Zeaei`cye
ZENEQF ici nike`u`ec yeitu pene we`tu yecg smkeku seie
nekei smtiep aukec. Aegi wecite ji`e yecg iesih nekei
imcgekeii prlsms imcstruesi, icikeh we`tu yecg pekicg
secget tmpet uctu` `ite nekei imke`u`ec pmimri`seec
ZENEQF enekeh yeitu 7seipei52 heti smsueneh heri 5
smtmkeh `ite imcstruesi. Nec Aegi wecite yecg pesje
imclpeusm, ie`e pmimri`seec ZENEQF e`ec aise
nike`u`ec nekei we`tu `epec seje nmcgec smjere rutic
imke`u`eccye nekei smtiep aukec. jlctlh(iisekcye
nekei smtiep niewek aukec)
a) Ieiilgreoi
Rmimri`seec Ieiilgreoi yeitu enekec pmimri`seec
nmcgec imcgguce`ec imtlnm renilklgis yecg imcgguce`ec
sicer X yecg e`ec nireniesi`ec pene sekeh setu peyunere.
@mkmaihec neri imimri`se ieiilgreoi enekeh yeitu nekei
`mieipuec uctu` imcnmtm`si smjuiekeh tuilr yecg
amkui aise uctu` tmreae nekei (renius 2,= jmctiimtmr)
sm`ekipuc `mc`mr ici iesih nekei steniui yecg nici.
We`tu yecg secget tmpet tmpet uctu` `ite imke`u`ec tms
ieiilgreoi pene wecite yecg usiecye iesih prlnu`tio
enekeh yeitu heri `m 5seipei5> neri si`kus nekei hein.
ji`e Rene pmrmipuec yecg usie clc prlnu`tio secget
niecjur`ec uctu` imimri`se`ec `epec seje. @mtmpetec
nekei pmimri`seec ici `enecg amramne-amne amr`iser
ectere 8:%- 6=%.
j) ]ktreslucn
 ]ktreslucn ici tmkeh aecye` niguce`ec yeitu smje` ewek tehuc
=2-ec. Nec Eket tmrsmaut juge secget amrguce nec
secget e`uret nekei imke`u`ec mvekuesi nei
nmcsites nekei peyunere nec secget e`uret ni nekei
imiamne`ec iece yecg `iste nmcgec iece iesse penet.
^epi ji`e uctu` iesse yecg jeuh kmaih `mjik yeitu ectere
=-seipei52 ii tine` nepetni vesuekisesi nec ji`e iesse
pene jericgec yecg kmie` ni peyunere itu e`ec sukit uctu`
nimvekuesi. @muctucgeccye enekeh yeitu tine` ene
tmrnepet reniesi nec juge tine` ene tmrese cymri.
n) Jliputmn ^lilgreoi nec nmcgecIegcmtij
Qmslcecjm Fiegicg Zjecs
Veitu nmcgec Rmcgguceec J^ nec imcgguce`ec IQF uctu`
imke`u`ec sjeccicg nec imcgmvekuesi `mkeicec yecg ene ni
peyunere nec sm`erecg sueh iukei smricg nismkini`i. ^m`ci` ici
nekei imcgeiaik pmrec yecg nekei uctu` imcgmvekuesi exik,
imniesticui nec ni nekei erme suprekivi`uke uctu`
imreae enmclpeti nec uctu` imiaectu ninekei
imke`u`ec stgicg pene seet imke`u`ec prlsms `mgeceec.
1) Fcvesivm
e) Imtlnm Zitlklgis Espiresi
Zitlklgi espiresi yeitu nike`u`ec nmcgec imcgguce`ec smaueh
yecg jerui hekus (nmcgec u`urec 12 ete yecg secget kmaih
`mjik) nmcgec imcgguce`ec spuit uctu` imke`u`ec espiresi
smk pene suetu erme yecg secget nijurigei, keku nisimer nietes
skinm nec nioi`seni nmcgec ni wercei uctu`
imcgmvekesi sitlklgy. Di`e nekei spmjiimc nieiaik nmcgec
smjere tmpet, ie`e prlsmnur ici e`ec secget e`uret neri
yecg . Ceiuc pmimri`seec ici juge tine` nepet
uctu` imke`u`ec pmimri`seec geiaerec histlpetlklgi ni
nekei jericgec smaea nekei pmimri`seec ici tine` e`ec
ieipu uctu` imcgeiaik stru`tur pene jericgec ni sm`iter
(Wikkiei, 1251).
a) Jlrm Cmmnkm Ailpsy (JCA)
 Ailpsy jerui yeitu nmcgec jere imcgguce`ec smaueh jerui
alr yecg ju`up amse necg secgetr smricg nike`u`ec. `ermce
Hek ici kmaih secget icvesivm nec e`uret niaecnicg`ec nmcgec
espirms nmcgec jerui. @erce JCA ici kmaih e`uret nec juge
aise `ite guce`ec uctu` nekei imcmctu`ec rmsmptlr mstrlgmc
nec hlrilc prlgmstmrlcm smrte juge aise nike`u`ec
uctu` imke`u`ec pmimri`seec geiaerec neri histlpetlklgi
j) Ailpsy
Fci juge aise nike`u`ec nmcgec jere yecg stmrmlte`ti` eteu
aise juge nmcgec jere aectuec uktreslucn.
g. Rmceteke`seceec
5) Rmceteke`seceec Imnis
^mrepi yecg nepet niamri`ec `mpene pmcnmrite `ec`mr peyunere
smjere imnis niecterecye (tesripiyeh,1251) 4
e) Rmiamnehec
Rene smaegiec amser pesimc, tmrepi amneh amrtujuec uctu`
imcgecg`et tuilr, (imiiciiek`ec rmsi`l rm`urmcsi kl`ek) nec
uctu` imcmctu`ec steniui neri tuilr. Ene :
jere pmiamnehec eteu lpmresi peyunere yeitu 4
F. Iestm`tlii Qeni`ek
nismaut (kuipm`tlii), yeitu lpmresi
imcgecg`et smaegiec neri `msmkuruhec `ukit
peyunere.iicgi`uti Lpmresi ici herus smkeku nii`uti
nmcgec pmiamriec- pmiamriec tmrepi. Aiesecye
kuipm`tlii nirm`lmcnesi`ec pene lrecg yecg
tuilrcue amser tine` kmaih neri 1ji nec pene
kmte`cye smkeku ni picggir peyunere.
FF. Iestm`tlii ^ltek
nismaut (iesmtlii), yeitu smaueh lpmresi yecg nike`u`ec
pmcgecg`etec smkuruh isi neri peyunere seye,
tetepi au`ec uctu` imcgecg`et `mkmcjer yecg ene ni
`mtie`.
FFF. Ilnioimn Iestm`tlii Qeni`ek
yeitu smaueh lpmresi yecg nike`u`ec uctu`
pmcgecg`etec smkuruh neri isi peyunere, nec
juge
 jericgec ni peyunere nec ni etes tukecg nene,
smkuruh smkecg`e sec tukecg ige, nec juge amsmrte
amcjlkec yecg ni sm`iter `mtie`.
a) @miltmrepi
@miltmrepi imrupe`ec terepi sistmieti` yecg
smkeku niguce`ec epeaike enecye pmcymaerec sistmii` nec
smaegiec tmrepi ejuvec, yecg `miltmrepi ejuvec ici
niamri`ec `mpene pesimc pmimri`seec histlpetlki` pesje
amneh iestm`tlii nitmiu`ec suetu imtestesis ni
suetu eteu ni amamrepe
`mkmcjer.
j) Qeniltmrepi
Veitu Qeniltmrepi yecg amroucgsi uctu` pmcnmriite
`ec`mr peyunere nec aiesecye juge niguce`ec smaegei
eket tmrepi ycg `uretio nmcgec jere imipmrtehec`ec
ieiiem nec aise
juge smaegei eket tmrepi teiaehec eteu tmrepi pekietio.
n) ^mrepi Hlrilcek
Veitu smaueh Rmrtuiauhec pene `ec`mr peyunere
yecg secget amrgectucg `mpene suetu supkei hlrilcm
mstrlgmc, nec juge lkmh `ermce itu tmrepi ici enekeh ticne`ec
amroucgsi uctu` imcgurecgi nekei pmiamctu`ec hlrilcm
yecg nepet imcgheiaet keju neri pmr`miaecgec smiue smk
`ec`mr itu, e`ec tmtepi tmrepi hlrilcek itu aiesecye nismaut
juge nmcgec smaueh tmrepi ecti mstrlgmc `erce tmrepi ici
systmi `mrjecye tmrepi ici secget imcgheiaet eteu juge
nepet imcghmcti`ec
`mieipuec neri hlrilcm mstrlgmc yecg suneh ene ni nekei
imcstiiukus pmr`miaecgec `ec`mr peyunere.
1) Rmceteke`seceec @mpmrewetec
e) Imipmrtehec`ec ictmgrites jericgec yecg enm`uet
a) Imipmrtehec`ec stetus cutrisi yecg enm`uet
j) Imipmrege`ec tlkmrecsi e`tivites yecg imcicg`et nec
`mkmtihec yecg imcuruc
n) Rmcnmrite nepet imcucju``ec jitre tuauh nec herge niri
h. Rmcg`ejiec Ol`us @mpmrewetec
5) Fnmctites `kimc
Imkiputi ceie, jmcis `mkeiic, uiur, ekeiet, egeie,
su`u/aecgse, pmcnini`ec, pm`mrjeec, tecggek iesu` ruieh se`it,
niegclse imnis, nec clilr rm`ei imnis.

1) @mkuhec `kimc

Rene uiuicye `mkuhec uteie pene `esus

:) Qiweyet `msmhetec
e) Qiweyet `msmhetec sm`erecg
Rene hek- hek yecg secget pmrku ni`eji yeitu enekeh epe`eh tmrnepet
`mimrehec pene aegiec tuauh tmrtmctu smpmrti aehu, pecgguk, tuiit,
epe`eh tiiauk rese cymri, tecne-tecne sistmii`
pmrenecgec tmriesu` yeitu nmiei nec juge pmcicg`etec
hitucg smk nekei nereh putih, epe`eh tmrjeni pmcurucec amret
aenec.
a) Qiweyet `msmhetec nehuku
Hek yecg juge pmrku ni`eji epe`eh yeitu smamkuicye `kimc pmrceh
nirewet, nec smamkuicye imipucyei riweyet pmcye`it smpmrti NI,
Hipmrtmcsi, JE Ieiiem.
j) Qiweyet `msmhetec `mkuerge
Qiweyet pene pmcye`it pene `mkuerge yecg nitecye`ec yeitu yecg
pmcye`it `mturucec smpmrti 4 pene NI, ekmrgi, nec juge Hipmrtmcsi
( eteu J_E). Qiweyet pene pmcye`it `ukit necjuge prlsmnur imnis
Rene yecg pmrceh niekeiilkmh `kimc. Hek ici enekeh
uctu` imiamri`ec suetu icolriesi epe`eh ene pmruaehec pene
`ukit yecg imrupe`ec ieciomstesi neri suetu pmcye`it sistmii`
smpmrti 4 pene icom`si `rlcis, nec `ec`mr, NI.
n) Qiweyet pmcglaetec
@kimc imcgete`ec pmrceh imcgguce`ec smaueh laet-
laetec. Vecg juge pmrku ni`eji pmrewet enekeh yeitu4
@epec `kimc pmcglaetec niiukei, juge Nlsis nec
orm`umcsi, ene we`tu amre`hircye `kimc iicui laet.
m) Qiweyet nimt
Rmcurucec amret aenec, nec juge ticggi aenec, aeh`ec
pmrtuiauhec aenec nec pene ie`ecec yecg ni`lcsuisi nekei
smheri- heri. Ie`e cutrisi yecg secget `urecg
enm`uet
 imcymaea`ec pene `ukit iuneh uctu` tmr`mce kmsi nec juge prlsms
pmcymiauhec pene ku`e yecg suneh keie
o) Ztetus slsiek m`lclii
]ctu` itu imcginmctioi`esi oe`tlr neri kicg`ucgec nec ticg`et pene
pmrm`lcliiec yecg juge nepet imipmcgeruhi pene plke
hinup
`kimc smheri- heri, `ermce itu hek ici imiucg`ic`ec juge nepet

imcymaea`ec pene pmcye`it `ukit.

g) Ztetus psi`lslsiek
@miucg`icec pene hesik pmimri`seec psi`lslsiek yecg
nepet teipe` pene smaueh `kimc yeitu 4 pene pmreseec
nmprmsi, necorustesi, eteu ecsimtes/ `mjmiesec.
>) Rmimri`seec oisi`
e) @meneec uiui
Rene pesimc Rrm Lp Je Ieiiem aieseccye tine`
tmrjeni pmcurucec
`msenerec (jliplsimctis), uctu` pmimri`seec tecne-tecne
vitek yecg ni`eji yeitu tm`ecec nereh, suhu, ceni, rmspiresi.
a) Reyunere nec `mtie`
F. Fcspm`si
Aiesecye ene amcjlkec yecg imcm`ec peyunere,
enecye uk`us
nec amrwerce imreh, `mkuer jeirec neri puttcg.
Zmrte peyunere
imcgmrut smpmrti `ukit jmru`.
FF. Rekpesi
^mreae amcjlkec peyunere yecg imcmgmres nec
tmreae pmiamcg`e``ec, tmreae pmiamserec `mkmcjer
gmteh amcicg ni`mtie` eteu tiiauk amcjikec `mjik ni aeweh
`mtie` nec pene pmcnmrite Je Ieiiem yecg suneh
pereh e`ec tmrnepet jeirec
yecg `mkuer neri puticg `mti`e nitm`ec.
i. Niegclse @mpmrewetec
5) Gecgguec ictmgrites jericgec/ `ukit
1) Cymri `rlci`
:) Gecgguec ilaikites oisi`
>) Nmoisit pmrewetec niri
 =) Qmsi`l icom`si
j. Fctmrvmcsi @mpmrewetec

Cl Niegclse @mpmrewetec ^ujuec @mpmrewetec Fctmrvmcsi @mpmrewetec

5 Gecgguec ictmgrites Zmtmkeh nike`u`ec Rmrewetec ictmgrites `ukit
jericgec/ ticne`ec Lasmrvesi4
`ukit `mpmrewetec niherep`ec  Fnmctioi`esi
ictmgrites `ukit nec pmcymaea gecgguec
jericgec imcicg`et ictmgrites
`ukit
^mrepmuti`4
 ]aeh plsisi tiep 1 jei
ji`e tireh aericg
 Guce`ec
prlnu` amraehec
pmtrlkiui eteu
iicye` pene `ukit
`mricg
 Hicneri prlnu`
amraehec neser
ek`lhlk pene `ukit
Mnu`esi
 Ecjur`ec
imcgguce`e
c pmkmiaea
 Ecjur`ec iicui
eir yecg ju`up
 Ecjur`ec
imcicg`et`ec
esupec cutrisi
 Ecjur`ec
imcghicneri tmrpeper
suhu m`strmi
 Ecjur`ec iecni
nec imcgguc`ec
seauc smju`upcye
Rmrewetec ku`e
Lasmrvesi4
 Ilcitlr

`ere`tmristi` ku`e
 Ilcitlr tecne-tecne
icom`si
^mrepmuti`4
 Kmpes`ec aekutec
nec pkmstmr smjere
pmrkehec
 Amrsih`ec nmcgec
jeirec CeJk
eteu pmiamrsih
clctl`si`
 Amrsih`ec jericgec
cm`rlti`
 Amri`ec sekmp
yecg smsuei `m
`ukit/kmsi, ji`e pmrku

Resecg aekutec smsuei
jmcis ku`e
 Rmrtehec`ec tm`ci`
stmrik seet
imke`u`ec pmrewetec
ku`e
Mnu`esi
 Dmkes`ec tecne
nec gmjeke icom`si
 Ecjur`ec
imcg`lcsuisi
ie`ecec ticggi `eklri
nec prltmic
@lkealresi
 @lkealresi
prlsmnur
nmarinmimct
 @lkealresi
pmiamriec ectiailti`,
ji`e pmrku
1 Cymri ` rlci` Zmtmkeh nike`u`ec ticne`ec Iecejmimc cymri
 `mpmrewetec niherep`ec ticg`et Lasmrvesi4
cymri imcuruc  Fnmctioi`esi kl`esi,
`ere`tmristi`, nuresi,
orm`umcsi,
`uekites, ictmcsites
cymri
 Fnmctioi`esi s`eke cymri
 Fnmctioi`esi
rmsplcs cymri clc
vmraek
 Fnmctioi`esi oe`tlr
yecg imipmramret
nec imipmricgec
cymri

Fnmctioi`esi
pmcgmtehuec nec
`mye`icec tmctecg
cymri
 Fnmctioi`esi pmcgeruh
cymri pene
`uekites hinup
 Ilcitlr mom`
seipicg pmcgguceec
ecekgmti`
^mrepmuti`4
 Amri`ec tm`ci`
clcoerie`lklgi
uctu` imcgurecgi rese
cymri
 @lctrlk
kicg`ucgec yecg
imipmramret rese
cymri
 Oesikitesi istirehet
nec tinur

Rmrtiiaecg`ec
jmcis nec suiamr
cymri
nekei
pmiikihec stretmgi
imrmne`ec cymri
Mnu`esi
 Dmkes`ec
pmcymaea, pmrilnm,
nec pmiiju cymri
 Dmkes`ec
stretmgi imrmne`ec
cymri
 Ejer`ec tm`ci`
clcoerie`lklgis
uctu` imcgurecgi rese
cymri
@lkealresi
: Gecgguec ilaikites oisi` Zmtmkeh nike`u`ec  @lkealresi
ticne`ec pmiamriec ecekgmti`,
`mpmrewetec niherep`ec ji`e pmrku
ilaikites oisi` imcicg`et Nu`ucgec ilaikisesi
Lasmrvesi4
 Fnmctioi`esi enecye
cymri eteu `mkuhec oisi`
keiccye
 Fnmctioi`esi tlkmrecsi
oisi`

imke`u`ec
pmrgmre`ec
 Ilcitlr orm`umcsi
jectucg nec tm`ecec
nereh smamkui
imiukei ilaikisesi
 Ilcitlr `lcnisi
uiui smkeie
imke`u`ec ilaikisesi
^mrepmuti`4
 Oesikitesi e`tivites ilaikisesi nmcgec eket aectu

Oesikitesi imke`u`ec
 pmrgmre`ec, ji`e pmrku
 Kiaet`ec
`mkuerge
uctu`

imiaectu
pesimc nekei
imcicg`et`ec
pmrgmre`ec
Mnu`esi
 Dmkes`ec tujuec
nec prlsmnur
ilaikisesi
 Ecjur`ec imke`u`ec
ilaikisesi nici

Ejer`ec ilaikisesi
smnmrhece yecg herus
nike`u`ec (iis. Nunu`
> Nmoisit pmrewetec niri Zmtmkeh nike`u`ec ni tmipet tinur)
ticne`ec Nu`ucgec pmrewetec niri
`mpmrewetec niherep`ec Lasmrvesi4
pmrewetec niri imcicg`et  Fnmctioi`esi
`maieseec e`tivites
pmrewetec niri smsuei
usie
 Ilcitlr ticg`et
`miecniriec
 Fnmctioi`esi
`mautuhec eket aectu
`mamrsihec niri,
amrpe`eiec,
amrhies, nec ie`ec
^mrepmuti`4
 Zmnie`ec
kicg`ucgec yecg
tmreupmti`

Ziep`ec
`mpmrkuec priaeni
 Neipicgi
nekei imke`u`ec
pmrewetec niri seipei
iecniri
 Oesikitesi uctu`
imcmriie
`meneec
`mtmrgectucgec
 Denwek`ec

ruticites pmrewetec
niri
Mnu`esi
 Ecjur`ec imke`u`ec
pmrewetec niri
smjere
`lcsistmc smsuei
= Qmsi`l i com`si Zmtmkeh nike`u`ec `mieipuec
ticne`ec Rmcjmgehec icom`si
`mpmrewetec niherep`ec Lasmrvesi4
nmrejet icom`si imcuruc  Ilcitlr tecne gmjeke
icom`si kl`ek
nec sistmii`
^mrepmuti`
 Aetesi juikeh
pmcgucjucg
 Amri`ec pmrewetec
`ukit pene
nemreh mnmie
 Juji tecgec smamkui
nec smsuneh
`lcte` nmcgec
pesimc nec
kicg`ucgec pesimc
 Rmrtehec`ec tm`ci`
esmpti` pene pesimc amrisi`l ticggi
Mnu`esi
 Dmkes`ec tecne
nec gmjeke icom`si

Ejer`ec jere
imimri`se ku`e
Ecjur`ec imcicg`et`ec esupec jeirec
@lkealresi
@lkealresi pmiamriec iiucisesi, Di`e pmrku
Zuiamr 4 ZN@F, ZK@F, ZF@F 1256-1212
 NEO^EQ R]Z^E@E

Curerio .E.H. nec @usuie. H. (125=). ERKF@EZF Esuhec @mpmrewetec Amrneser`ec.

Niegclse Imnis & CECNE CFJ-CLJ. Dlgje`erte4 ImniEjtilc
RRCF, ^ii Rl`je ZN@F NRR . (1258). Ztecner Niegclsis @mpmrewetec Fcnlcmsie . NRR
RRCF. De`erte Zmketec.
RRCF, ^ii Rl`je ZN@F NRR . (1258). Ztecner Kuerec @mpmrewetec Fcnlcmsie . NRR
RRCF. De`erte Zmketec.
RRCF, ^ii Rl`je ZF@F NRR . (1258). Ztecner Fctmrvmcsi @mpmrewetec Fcnlcmsie . NRR
RRCF. De`erte Zmketec.
^esripiyeh. (1251).`lcsmp tmlritis je ieiiem, De`erte4 Eniteie
Wijeye, E.Z nec Rutri, V.I. 125:. @mpmrewetec Imni`ek Amneh 1, @mpmrewetec Nmwese
^mlri nec Jlctlh Es`mp. Vlgye`erte 4 Cuhe Imni`e
Wikkiei & @ics. (1251). @mpmrewetec Imni`ek Amneh. De`erte4 Zekmiae