Respiratory Etiology Signs and Complications Diagnostic Tests Nursing Nursing Goals Nursing Priorities Intervention Health

Disease Symptoms Diagnosis Teachings

Chronic Cigarette Persistent Respiratory Pulmonary “Ineffective Symptom Respiratory Monitor Smoking
Bronchitis Smoking Cough Infections Function Tests Airway Control: Assessment: Respiratory Status: Cessation:
Environmental Increased Reduced Lung (PFTs): Assess Clearance” Alleviate Regularly monitor Regularly assess Emphasize the
Exposure Mucus Function lung function, due to symptoms like respiratory status, respiratory rate, critical
Respiratory Production Cor measuring how excessive cough, mucus including breathing depth, and effort. importance of
Infections Shortness of Pulmonale much air the mucus production, and patterns, lung Monitor oxygen quitting
Genetic Breath Impaired lungs can hold production shortness of sounds, and oxygen saturation levels smoking to slow
Factors Wheezing: Quality of Life and how and airway breath to saturation. and lung sounds disease
Aging Chest Exacerbations quickly it can be inflammation improve the for any changes. progression and
Discomfort Depression exhaled. individual's Medication improve
Fatigue and Anxiety comfort and Management: Administer respiratory
Frequent Chest X-ray: To quality of life. Ensure accurate and Medications: health.
Respiratory identify signs of timely Ensure timely and
Infections lung damage or Enhance administration of accurate Medication
infections. Respiratory prescribed administration of Adherence:
Function: medications, prescribed Educate on the
CT Scan: Improve or including medications, proper use of
Provides more maintain bronchodilators including prescribed
detailed images optimal lung and anti-bronchodilators, medications,
of the lungs, function to inflammatory anti-inflammatory including
helping to support efficient drugs. drugs, and inhalers,
detect structural breathing. antibiotics if bronchodilators,
abnormalities. Patient Education: indicated. and anti-
Smoking Provide inflammatory
Arterial Blood Cessation: comprehensive Oxygen Therapy drugs. Reinforce
Gas (ABG) Test: Achieve and education on the Management: the importance
Measures maintain nature of chronic Monitor and of adherence to
oxygen and smoking bronchitis, smoking adjust oxygen the prescribed
carbon dioxide cessation to cessation, and therapy as treatment plan.
levels in the prevent further adherence to prescribed.
blood, assessing damage to the treatment plans to Educate the Oxygen
respiratory respiratory empower the patient on the Therapy
function. system. elderly individual in proper use of Management:
managing their oxygen Provide
Sputum Culture: Prevent condition. equipment. guidance on the
Examines mucus Exacerbations: correct use of
for signs of Minimize the Patient Education: oxygen
infection. occurrence of Educate the elderly equipment,
 acute individual and including
Complete Blood exacerbations their family about maintaining
Count (CBC): through the nature of proper flow
Checks for proactive chronic bronchitis, rates and
elevated white management the importance of addressing
blood cell and preventive smoking cessation, safety
count, measures. and adherence to precautions.
indicating medication and
inflammation or Optimize treatment plans. Cough
infection. Medication Management:
Management: Promote Instruct on
Bronchoscopy: Ensure proper Hydration: techniques to
A procedure to use of Encourage promote
examine the medications, adequate fluid productive
airways using a promoting intake to help thin coughing, aiding
thin, flexible adherence to mucus and make it in the clearance
tube with a prescribed easier to of mucus from
camera. treatment expectorate. the airways.
regimens.
Collaborate with Physical
Healthcare Team: Activity:
Work Encourage
collaboratively regular,
with other appropriate
healthcare physical activity
professionals to to enhance
ensure exercise
comprehensive tolerance and
care and effective maintain overall
management. well-being.

Regular
Healthcare
Check-ups:
Stress the
importance of
regular medical
check-ups for
ongoing
monitoring and
adjustments to
the treatment
plan as needed.
Respiratory Etiology Signs and Complications Diagnostic Tests Nursing Nursing Goals Nursing Intervention Health
Disease Symptoms Diagnosis Priorities Teachings
Emphysema Environmental Shortness of Respiratory Pulmonary “Impaired Optimizing Respiratory Oxygen Understanding
Exposures Breath Infections Function Tests Gas Respiratory Support and Therapy: the Condition:
Genetic Factors Chronic Cardiovascular (PFTs): Assess lung Exchange” Function: Work Monitoring: Administer Provide clear
Age Cough Issues function, due to towards Regularly assess prescribed information
Occupational Wheezing Weight Loss including destruction of improving or and monitor oxygen to about
Exposures Fatigue Reduced measures like alveoli and maintaining respiratory maintain emphysema,
Respiratory Barrel Chest Exercise forced expiratory impaired adequate status, including adequate explaining its
Infections Weight Loss Tolerance volume in one oxgen-carbon oxygenation, oxygen oxygen chronic nature,
Decreased second (FEV1) and dioxide reducing saturation saturation levels how it affects
Quality of Life forced vital exchange in respiratory levels, and alleviate the lungs, and
Depression and capacity (FVC). lungs distress, and respiratory respiratory the potential
Anxiety enhancing rate, and effort. distress. progression of
Chest X-ray: overall lung Administer the disease.
Helps visualize function prescribed Medication
changes in lung through medications, Management: Medication
structure and rule medications, such as Ensure proper Management:
out other lung therapies, and bronchodilators administration Educate on the
conditions. lifestyle or oxygen of proper use of
modifications. therapy, and bronchodilators, prescribed
CT Scan of the provide anti- medications,
Chest: Provides Enhancing Self- interventions to inflammatory including
detailed images of Management: ease breathing medications, bronchodilators
the lungs, helping Empower the difficulties. and other and anti-
to confirm the elderly prescribed inflammatory
diagnosis and individual and Education and drugs. Educate drugs.
assess the extent their caregivers Self- the patient on Emphasize
of damage. to actively Management: medication use adherence to
participate in Educate the and potential the prescribed
Blood Tests: May managing the elderly side effects. regimen and
be conducted to condition. This individual and the importance
check for alpha-1 includes proper their caregivers Breathing of regular
antitrypsin use of about the Exercises: Teach follow-up
deficiency or medications, nature of and encourage appointments.
assess oxygen understanding emphysema, the elderly
levels. and practicing medication individual to Breathing
breathing management, practice deep Techniques:
Arterial Blood Gas exercises, and breathing breathing Teach and
(ABG) Test: recognizing and exercises, and exercises and encourage
Measures oxygen responding to lifestyle pursed-lip regular practice
and carbon worsening modifications. breathing to of breathing
dioxide levels in symptoms. Empower them improve lung exercises, such
the blood, helping to recognize function and as
evaluate Improving and respond to manage diaphragmatic
respiratory Quality of Life: worsening shortness of breathing and
function. Address both symptoms, breath. pursed-lip
physical and emphasizing breathing, to
Electrocardiogram psychosocial the importance Positioning: enhance lung
(ECG or EKG): aspects to of adherence to Assist the patient function and
Checks for signs of enhance the treatment in finding alleviate
strain on the overall well- plans. comfortable shortness of
heart, especially if being of the positions that breath.
complications like individual. This Psychosocial optimize lung
cor pulmonale are involves Support: expansion and Coping
suspected. managing Address the ease breathing. Strategies:
symptoms emotional and Encourage Provide coping
effectively, psychological regular changes strategies for
promoting impact of in position to managing stress
independence emphysema. prevent and anxiety
in daily Provide complications. related to the
activities, and emotional chronic nature
providing support, Monitor Vital of emphysema.
emotional encourage Signs: Regularly Encourage
support to cope social assess and open
with the engagement, monitor vital communication
challenges and help signs, including with healthcare
associated with manage anxiety respiratory rate, providers and
emphysema. or depression heart rate, the importance
related to the blood pressure, of mental
Preventing chronic nature and oxygen health.
Complications: of the saturation
Identify and condition. levels. Advance Care
address Collaborate Planning:
potential with other Nutritional Discuss advance
complications healthcare Support: care planning,
such as professionals to Provide including the
respiratory enhance the guidance on importance of
infections, overall well- maintaining a documenting
cardiovascular being of the balanced diet to preferences for
issues, and elderly support overall medical
mental health individual. health. Address interventions,
concerns. any weight loss end-of-life care,
Implement concerns and and designating
preventive collaborate with a healthcare
measures to a dietitian if proxy.
reduce the risk necessary.
of
exacerbations Infection
and Prevention:
hospitalizations. Emphasize the
importance of
Promoting vaccinations
Patient (e.g., flu and
Education: pneumonia
Ensure that the vaccines) to
elderly prevent
individual and respiratory
their caregivers infections.
have a Educate on
thorough proper hand
understanding hygiene and
of the infection control
condition, measures.
treatment plan,
and lifestyle Education and
modifications. Self-
Foster a Management:
collaborative Educate the
approach to patient and
managing caregivers about
emphysema. the nature of
emphysema,
symptom
recognition, and
effective self-
management
strategies.
Provide written
materials for
reference.

Psychosocial
Support: Offer
emotional
support and
assess for signs
of anxiety or
depression.
Encourage social
interactions and
involvement in
activities to
maintain a
positive
outlook.

Collaboration
with Healthcare
Team: Work
collaboratively
with physicians,
respiratory
therapists, and
other healthcare
professionals to
coordinate care,
adjust treatment
plans, and
address any
emerging issues
promptly.
Respiratory Etiology Signs and Complications Diagnostic Tests Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Goals Nursing Priorities Intervention Health
Disease Symptoms Teachings
Asthma Inflammation Shortness Reduced Lung Spirometry: “Ineffective Symptom Assessment and Assessment .
and Airway of Breath Function Measures how Breathing Pattern” Control: Monitoring: and Understandin
Changes Wheezing Exacerbations much air you can due to Achieve and Regularly assess Monitoring: g Asthma:
Environmental Coughing and breathe in and out bronchoconstrictio maintain the elderly - Regularly - Provide
Exposures Chest Hospitalizatio and how fast you n and increased control of patient's assess clear
Genetic Tightness n can exhale. It helps respiratory effort asthma respiratory status, respiratory explanations
Predisposition Difficulty Impaired assess lung function symptoms, including status, of asthma, its
Respiratory Sleeping Quality of Life and detect airway including monitoring vital including chronic
Infections Increased Increased Risk obstruction. reduced signs, breath breath sounds, nature, and
Comorbidities Respirator of Respiratory frequency and sounds, and respiratory the role of
Immunosenesce y Rate Infections. Peak Flow severity of oxygen saturation. rate, and inflammation
nce Cyanosis Medication Measurement: A coughing, Assess for signs of effort. in airways.
Medication Side Anxiety or Side Effects peak flow meter wheezing, respiratory distress - Monitor - Explain
Effects Panic Comorbidities measures the shortness of or exacerbation. vital signs, that asthma
Functional maximum speed at breath, and Continuous oxygen symptoms can
Decline which you can chest tightness. monitoring helps saturation, and be controlled
Mortality exhale air. Regular in early detection peak with proper
peak flow Optimized Lung of changes and expiratory management.
monitoring can Function: Strive prompt flow rates.
help track changes to maintain or intervention. - Assess for2. Identifying
in airflow. improve lung Medication signs of
Triggers:
function Management and respiratory - Help the
Bronchodilator through Education: Ensure distress, elderly person
Responsiveness appropriate proper cyanosis, oridentify
Test: After medications administration of changes in
common
spirometry, a and prescribed mental status. asthma
bronchodilator (a management medications, triggers, such
medication that strategies, including inhalers Medication as allergens,
opens airways) is preventing a and oral Management: pollutants, or
administered to decline in medications. Ensure proper respiratory
check for improved respiratory Provide thorough administration infections.
lung function, capacity. education on of prescribed - Encourage
indicating reversible medication use, medications, lifestyle
airway obstruction. Patient potential side including modifications
Education: effects, and the inhalers and to minimize
Fractional Exhaled Ensure the importance of oral exposure to
Nitric Oxide elderly adherence. medications. triggers.
(FeNO) Test: individual has a Reinforce proper
Measures the level comprehensive inhaler technique, Education: Medication
of nitric oxide in understanding especially Provide Education:
your breath, which of their asthma, considering any comprehensive - Explain
can be elevated in including physical education on the purpose,
people with asthma triggers, proper limitations the asthma, its correct use,
and may indicate medication use, elderly patient triggers, and and potential
airway and self- may have. the importance side effects of
inflammation. management of adherence prescribed
techniques. Individualized to medications.
Chest X-ray or CT Empower them Care Plan and medications. -
Scan: These imaging to actively Patient Education: Demonstrate
tests can help rule participate in Develop an Collaboration proper
out other their care. individualized and inhaler
respiratory asthma Communicatio technique,
conditions and Individualized management plan n: ensuring the
assess the structure Care: Tailor the in collaboration - Collaborate patient can
of the lungs. asthma with the patient. with the administer
management Educate the healthcare medications
Allergy Tests: Skin plan to the elderly individual team to ensure effectively.
or blood tests can specific needs, on recognizing coordinated
identify specific preferences, early signs of care. Asthma
allergens triggering and abilities of exacerbation, - Action Plan:
asthma symptoms. the elderly understanding Communicate Develop and
patient, triggers, and effectively review an
Arterial Blood Gas considering any implementing self- with the asthma action
(ABG) Test: age-related management elderly patient plan with
Measures the levels factors that may strategies. and their clear steps for
of oxygen and influence care. Emphasize the caregivers managing
carbon dioxide in importance of about the symptoms
the blood, helping regular follow-up management and when to
assess respiratory appointments and plan, including seek
function. encourage open potential emergency
communication changes in care.
Methacholine about any symptoms.
Challenge Test: concerns or Emergency
Measures airway changes in Psychosocial Preparedness:
responsiveness by symptoms. Support: - Review
inducing mild Assess and steps to take
bronchoconstrictio address the during an
n with emotional and asthma attack
methacholine, psychological and when to
helping diagnose impact of seek
hyperreactivity in asthma, emergency
asthma. offering care.
support and - Ensure the
Physical encouragemen elderly person
Examination and t. has necessary
Medical History: contact
The healthcare Individualized information
provider will assess Care Plan: and knows
symptoms, medical Develop an the location
history, and individualized of the nearest
conduct a physical asthma healthcare
examination. management facility.
plan in
collaboration
with the
patient.

Emergency
Preparedness:
Educate the
patient on
recognizing
severe
symptoms and
the
appropriate
steps to take
during an
asthma attack.