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ANH 12 – UNIT 5: CULTURAL IDENTITY

Vocabulary

➢ assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ (v): đồng hóa

➢ attire /əˈtaɪə(r)/(n): quần áo, trang phục

➢ blind man’s buff: trò chơi bịt mắt bắt dê

➢ cultural identity /ˈkʌltʃərəl aɪˈdentəti/: bản sắc văn hóa

➢ cultural practices /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈpræktɪs/ : các hoạt động văn hóa

➢ custom /ˈkʌstəm/(n): phong tục, tập quán

➢ diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/(n): tính đa dạng

➢ flock /flɒk/ (v): lũ lượt kéo đến

➢ maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ (v): bảo vệ, duy trì

➢ martial spirit /ˈmɑːʃl ˈspɪrɪt/(n.phr): tinh thần thượng võ

➢ multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ (adj): đa văn hóa

➢ national costume /ˌnæʃnəl ˈkɒstjuːm/: trang phục dân tộc

➢ national pride /ˌnæʃnəl praɪd/: lòng tự hào dân tộc

➢ solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/(n): sự đoàn kết, tình đoàn kết

➢ unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/(v): thống nhất

➢ unique /juˈniːk/ (adj): duy nhất

➢ unite /juˈnaɪt/(v): đoàn kết

➢ worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/(v): tôn kính, thờ cúng

Quiz

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

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cultural identity attire multicultural

diverse assimilate cultural practices

1. In many circumstances, the ______ is a conservative business suit, but it can range from a
dinner jacket to blue jeans.

2. Jane had to __________ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job.

3. The ways a person dresses and behaves in public are distinct examples of _____________
and belief patterns.

4. Shaping a stone tool is one of the oldest _________________, and it still takes great skill
and knowledge.

5. When people of different cultures come together to celebrate and share their different
traditions, it’s an examples of a (n) _____________ celebration.

6. The orchid family of flowers is the largest, most ________ plant family found in nature.

Grammar

Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

focusing on the result of the action or focusing on the action/ event which may or
event may not be finished.

Ex: Look at the flowers I have planted. Ex: I have been shopping all afternoon.

talking about the number of times we have talking about how long something has been
done something happening

Ex: We have written five essays this term. Ex: I have been writing for hours and I
need a rest.

talking about permanent or long-lasting talking about temporary or continuing

situations situations

Ex: He has played for that club for 10 Ex: He has been playing tennis for hours
years. without resting,

Repeated comparatives

Short adjectives/ adverbs

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S + V + adj/adv-er + and + adj/adv-er

➢ It is hotter and hotter.

➢ The weather was colder and colder.

➢ He ran faster and faster!

Long adjectives/ adverbs

S + V + more and more + adj/adv

✓ The lessons are more and more difficult.

✓ Health care is becoming more and more expensive.

✓ As I waited for my interview, I became more and more nervous.

Quiz

1. “Is it still raining?” - “No, it ______”

A. have been stopping B. have stopped

2. The balloon got _______ then burnt.

A. bigger and bigger B. more and more big

PRACTICE

Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A. integrate B. national C. assimilate D. migration

2. A. unique B. spirit C. worship D. ethnic

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

3. A. assimilate B. diversity C. identity D. customary

4. A. nationality B. globalization C. flexibility D. solidarity

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Choose the correct answer for the questions

5. Increasing your vocabulary will make it easier for you to _______ reading comprehension
skills.

A. it B. allow C. use D. assimilate

6. Because they are a very close family, there is probably nothing that can break their
_______.

A. share B. contribution C. solidarity D. group

7. Culture serves to give a (n) ______ to a group, ensures survival and enhance the feeling of
belonging.

A. similarity B. difference C. identity D. interest

8. They go to the church every Sunday to ______ their God.

A. celebrate B. worship C. support D. follow

9. Each ethnic group has its own cultural identities, thus, the Vietnamese culture has both
_______ and unity.

A. difference B. variety C. similarity D. diversity

10. We spend a lot of time together as a family, which sometimes is the best way to learn
about _________.

A. customs B. habits C. activities D. establishments

11. Studies show that children who are exposed to a more ______ community are more
creative and tolerant of differences because these students learn how to resolve conflict more
easily.

A. various B. similar C. differently D. diverse

12. Culture is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us, we ______ what is
proper or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture.

A. express B. evaluate C. calculate D. signal

13. I can’t believe that you ______ all the three exercises. You just started 5 minutes ago.

A. have finished B. have been finishing

C. finished D. are finishing

14. Their children _____ lots of friends since they ______ to that town.

A. have made – moved B. were making- have moved

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C. made – are moving D. made – have been moving

15. In some parts of the country, prices are _______ than in others.

A. high B. more and more high

C. the highest D. higher and higher

16. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was _____ than usual.

A. crowded B. more and more crowded

C. a bit crowded D. the most crowded

Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)

17. When it comes to diversity, language can be a bridge for building relationships, or a tool
for creating and maintaining divisions across differences.

A. assimilation B. similarity C. uniformity D. dissimilarity

18. The situation got out of hand when the festival organizers couldn't foresee that the mob
would get angry because they were stopped from taking the offerings.

A. hard to complete B. difficult to control

C. impossible to find D. unlikely to happen

Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)

19. They fear that with the enactment event taken off, the festival may fade away in
obscurity.

A. darkness B. dimness

C. fuzziness D. sharpness

20. Launched by the federations and foundations, Group's brands find local expression
through the promotion of social solidarity and culture.

A. division B. identity

C. teamwork D. unity

Choose the correct answer

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Culture is the underlying foundation of traditions and beliefs that help a person relate to the
world around them. It is the (21) _____ for any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion
to specific types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting
point when beginning to search for our (22) ________. Knowing where a person comes from
will help to define how they look at their family obligations as well as how they celebrate
important (23) _____ in life. Culture is extremely important if a tribe or ethnic group intends
to continue living in the same fashion as their (24) ______. The aboriginal tribes of New
Zealand, Australia, and other countries across the world often struggle to keep their traditions
(25) _______

21. A. base B. basic C. basis D. bases

22. A. causes B. roots C. originals B. basis

23. A. milestones B. history C. posts D. celebrations

24. A. descendants B. relatives C. ancestral D. ancestors

25. A. lively B. live C. alive D. living

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer.

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological
advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. It is this search
for "greener pastures" that takes people across their national borders and into foreign countries
all over the world. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in
a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which
most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new
environment.

Culture shock begins with the "honeymoon stage". This is the period of time when we first
arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering
from "jet lag" but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new
sounds and language, eating new kinds of food. This honeymoon stage can last for quite a long
time because we feel we are involved in some kind of great adventure.

Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor
may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick
or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared
and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment
and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from
their own culture speaking their native language.

The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage". This is when you begin to
realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually becomes

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stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in
the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!

The fourth stage can be called "at ease at last". Now you feel quite comfortable in your new
surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with
the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. If you meet someone
from your country who has just arrived, you can be the expert on life in the new culture and
help them to deal with their culture shock.

There is a fifth stage of culture shock which many people don't know about. This is called
"reverse culture shock". Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and
find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now
you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

26. Which sentence best explains the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. Culture shock, experienced by people living in a new culture, consists of five basic stages.

B. People immigrate to other countries in search of better opportunities.

C. Modern life is characterized by many technological advances and greater mobility.

D. These major life changes are the causes of culture shock

27. It is stated that the "honeymoon stage” ____.

A. is involved in developing healthy habits

B. is exciting with the new sights, sounds, language and foods

C. is the initial period of culture shock

D. got its name because everything is new and exciting for the newcomer

28. In paragraph 1, the word “novelties” probably means ____.

A. things which are new or unusual

B. things which are difficult to deal with

C. things which have to do with novels

D. things which are very young or recent in age

29. In paragraph 4, the word “host” probably means ____.

A. the dominant country

B. the largest country

C. the newcomer's native country

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D. the receiving country

30. Which of the following is NOT true according the passage?

A. At forth stage, newcomers have overcome all problems in the new culture.

B. Immigrants may suffer from "reverse culture shock” when going back to native culture.

C. New arrivals in the second stage, "reject” the new culture by returning to their country or
binding even more with other people from their culture.

D. The "rejection stage” is the most difficult stage in the process of cultural adjustment

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