Dangerous Rules Regulations:

cargo limitations, classification, general packing requirements,

labelling and marking, acceptance procedures, flight crew notification
for personnel that accept cargo, shipper's declarations and other
relevant documentation, list of dangerous goods, IATA dangerous
goods regulation, restrictions in acceptance of cargo,documentation,
labels
Limitation for Dangerous Goods

While some dangerous goods are too dangerous for transport by air except under very detailed allowance by
the civil aviation authority, many can only be transported on cargo-only aircraft, and others can be transported
on both cargo and passenger aircraft. No matter which type of aircraft the dangerous goods are shipped on,
there are always specific requirements that must be followed.

When considering limitations for shipping dangerous goods it is never acceptable to ship any substance that is
likely to "explode, dangerously react, produce a flame or dangerous evolution of heat or dangerous emission of
toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours under conditions normally encountered in transport must not be
carried on aircraft under any circumstance," per the IATA DGR.
There are still many other materials that may only be carried under very particular circumstances. These are
considered "Dangerous Goods Forbidden Unless Exempted."

Other everyday items may not seem outwardly dangerous but need to be checked for hazardous components,
such as battery-powered devices, breathing apparatus, and dental apparatus. This is why it is important that
passenger check-in, cargo reservation, sales, and passenger reservation staff all be provided with appropriate
information so that they are well-informed and well-trained on what are dangerous goods.
Classification of Cargo

When looking at the various types of cargo transported by air, they fall into two main groups: General Cargo
and Special Cargo. Special Cargo is then divided up into smaller specialized sub-groups. It is these
specialized sub-groups we will take a much closer look at further on.
General Cargo

General cargo are items that do not fall into the Special Cargo categories and that do not require any extra
precautions or special handling during air transport. These types of items are retail and most consumer goods
(with the exception of mobile phones, tablets and laptops) , dry goods, hardware, textiles, and more. Think of
your average, everyday objects; most of those would fall into the general cargo area
Special Cargo

Special cargo is where things get a little more complicated. Special cargo are goods that, due to their nature,
weight, dimensions and/or value, may have specific requirements including packaging, labelling, documentation
and handling through the transport chain. The transport of these goods are addressed through specific
regulations that must be followed when preparing, offering, accepting and handling this cargo. Items include
dangerous goods, live animals, perishable cargo, wet cargo, time and temperature sensitive products among
others. To ensure that there are globally harmonized standards that ensures the safe and facilitates of these
products, IATA has three Boards: the Dangerous Goods Board (DGB), Time and Temperature Working Group
(TTWG), and the Live Animals and Perishables Board (LAPB), which manage the standards and guidance
related to the transport of these products.
Classification of dangerous goods
Dangerous goods are grouped into nine classes:

Class 1-Explosives
Class 2-Gasses
Class 3-Flammable Liquids
Class 4-Flammable Solids; Substance Liable to Spontaneous Combustion; Substances which, in
Contact with Water, Emit Flammable Gases
Class 5-Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides
Class 6-Toxic and Infectious Substances
Class 7-Radioactive Material
Class 8-Corrosives
Class 9-Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances and Articles, Including Environmentally Hazardous
Substances
Several classes are separated into subdivisions due to the wide scope of the hazards within the class
 CLASSES
•Explosives- An explosive is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of
potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied
by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. Examples are Nitrocellulose, Di-
and Tri-nitro compounds, and Peroxide forming compounds, Picric acid (dry).
•Class 2: Gases- Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. The others are
solid, liquid, and plasma. A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms, elemental
molecules made from one type of atom, or compound molecules made from a variety of
atoms. A gas mixture, such as air, contains a variety of pure gases. Examples are
ammonia, chlorine, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl bromide, methyl isocyanate,
oxides of nitrogen
•Class 3: Flammable liquids- A flammable liquid is a liquid that can be easily ignited in the
air at ambient temperatures. examples are gasoline, acetone, toluene, diethyl ether, and
alcohol.
Class 4: Flammable solids are solids that are readily combustible or may cause or contribute to
fire through friction. Examples are sulfur, matches, activated carbon, alkali metals, and some
metal powders.
•Class 5- Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides- Oxidizing agents are substances that
are not in themselves combustible, but which may generally cause, or contribute to, the
combustion of other materials by yielding oxygen. Organic peroxides are organic materials that
contain the bivalent
•Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances-Toxic substances are those which are liable either to
cause death or serious injury or to harm human health if swallowed, inhaled, or by skin contact.
Infectious substances are those which are known or can be reasonably expected to contain
pathogens. Examples are Medical/Biomedical waste, clinical waste, biological cultures
IATA DANGEROUS GOODS REGULATION

•Some items may endanger the safety of an aircraft or persons on board, and these
dangerous materials can either be forbidden or restricted for air transport. IATA leads
industry efforts to ensure the safe transport of dangerous goods by air.
•Lithium Battery-Powered Electronic Devices For the purpose of these Regulations,
lithium battery-powered electronic device means the equipment or apparatus for which
the lithium cells or batteries will provide electrical power for its operation. These
devices are permitted in checked and carry-on baggage with the approval of the
operator. For spare lithium metal batteries with a lithium content exceeding 2 g and
lithium-ion batteries with a Watt-hour rating exceeding 100 Wats, For electronic
devices with lithium metal batteries with a lithium content not exceeding 2 g and
lithium-ion batteries with a Watt-hour rating not exceeding 100 h
•A designated postal operator must have received specific approval from the civil
aviation authority before the designated postal operator can introduce the acceptance
of lithium batteries. A list of DPO that have received approval to accept lithium
batteries can be found on the UPU.
Consumer Goods Aerosols, alcoholic beverages, perfumes, colognes, liquefied gas lighters, and
portable electronic devices containing lithium ion or lithium metal cells or batteries provided that the
lithium batteries meet the provisions of 2.3.5.8 carried aboard an aircraft by the operator for use or
sale on the aircraft during the flight or series of flights but excluding non-refillable gas lighters and
those lighters liable to leak when exposed to reduced pressure.

•Battery-Powered Electronic Equipment Electronic devices such as electronic flight bags, personal
entertainment devices, and credit card readers, containing lithium metal or lithium-ion cells or
batteries and spare lithium batteries for such devices carried aboard an aircraft by the operator for
use on the aircraft during the flight or series of flights, provided that the batteries meet the provisions.
Spare lithium batteries must be individually protected so as to prevent short circuits when not in use.
Conditions for the carriage and use of these electronic devices and for the carriage of spare batteries
must be provided in the operations manual and/or other appropriate manuals as will enable flight
crew, cabin crew, and other employees to carry out the functions for which they are responsible .
➔ Implement the correct hazard and
handling labels as labels need to be
securely affixed or printed on the
package not to be obstructed by any
part of the packaging.
➔ It must be affixed near the proper
shipping name marks and displayed on
the same surface of the package
Restrictions in acceptance of cargo, identification of
cargo. documentation, labels
Marking and Labeling ➔ Full name and address of shipper and consignee
➔ All Other additional markings specified in the
● To ensure safe air transport process it is
necessary to correctly mark and label DTR 7.1
dangerous goods packages according to
section 7 oF the IATA dangerous goods
regulations.
● Indicating the package of the content
providing safe storage information and
guiding the nature of hazard comply
with the marking requirement it is must
to indicate:
➔ Proper shipping name and applicable
UN number or ID number
Common Documents Needed for Air Freight
Shipping
● Commercial Invoice-This type of invoice includes a detailed line-by-line
description of every item in the shipment.It also lists the value of each item as well as the
total value of the shipment. The commercial invoice also includes basic information about the
transaction, such as the name and address of the shipper and seller and the delivery and
payment terms
● Consular Invoice-Certain nations require a consular invoice to control and
identify the imported goods. The invoice must be purchased from the consulate of the
country to which the goods are being shipped and usually must be prepared in the language
of that country.
●
● Certificate of Origin-The certificate of origin is used to declare which country
the shipment originated in. This is very important for customs clearance purposes because
every international location carries distinct rules and regulations based on where the goods
originated. The Certificate of Origin is usually certified by an authorized semi official
organization. The Certificate of Origin may be required even if the commercial invoice
contains the same information.
● Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED)-If any single commodity has a
value in excess of $2,500, then a Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED) is required when
exporting goods from the United States.
● Bill of Lading-The Bill of Lading identifies the shipper, consignee, and the types
and quantity of the goods. The Bill of Lading is essentially the contract between the owner of
the goods and the carrier.
Inspection Certification-Some purchasers and countries require an Inspection
Certificate. This certificate attests to the specification of the goods shippe
Destination Control Statement-This statement notifies the carrier and all
foreign parties that the item may be exported only to certain destinations.
Shipper’s Declaration forms
EVERGREEN SHIPPING AGENCY (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED.
Restrictions of Cargo Acceptance - India

(1) Narcotics / Drugs ( 9) Old Tires & Rubber scarp

(

2) Live Animals and endangered species, animals (10) Ivory and its other products
e.g. shark fins, peacock feather.
(11) Rags (woolen or any other type)
(3) Arms and Ammunition
(12) Currency Coins/Notes
(4) Explosive Items
(13) Used Lubricating Oil (Unused Oil - please
check POD prior acceptance)
(5) Battery Waste
(14) Crude Naphtha
(6) Plastic waste & scrap & Municipal Waste
(15) Waste Oil and Used Furnace Oil
(7) Used Vehicles with left hand drive (Unused
without Transfer of Residence is allowed but to be (16) Beef and Beef contained products
checked with POD prior to acceptance) (
(17) All type of scrap arriving from warzone are
8) Old Magazines
 General packaging requirements, labelling and marking

● General Packaging Requirements In preparing your shipment,

make sure it is able to: Withstand 8 to 12 physical handlings
Withstand pressure of up to 60 lbs/27 kgs per square foot Slide on
any surface Withstand a 12-inch drop to any surface Tolerate 30
seconds in the rain When shipping dangerous goods, p
Packaging Requirements:

The packaging for dangerous goods must be designed to withstand the physical
stresses of transport and storage, including vibration, compression, and impact. The
packaging must also be able to prevent leaks or spills of the contents, even if the
package is damaged. The most common types of packaging for dangerous goods
include steel drums, plastic drums, jerrycans, and intermediate bulk containers.
Labelling Requirements:

L abelling requirements for dangerous goods are an essential aspect of the transportation of these
products. The labels must provide a clear indication of the nature of the contents, the hazards
associated with the product, and the appropriate handling instructions. The primary elements of a
dangerous goods label include:
● UN Number: A unique four-digit number assigned by the United Nations to identify specific dangerous goods.

● Proper Shipping Name: The technical name of the dangerous good, as listed in the International Maritime
Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG).

● Hazard Class: A number and symbol that indicates the hazard class of the product.

● Packing Group: A letter that indicates the level of danger associated with the product.

● Warning Labels: These labels indicate specific hazards associated with the product, such as flammable, toxic, or
corrosive.
Marketing Requirements:

When marketing dangerous goods, there are several key factors to consider.
First, companies must ensure that they are compliant with all relevant
regulations and standards. Second, they must communicate the hazards
associated with the product clearly and effectively. This can be done through
the use of appropriate labelling, packaging,
Acceptance procedures, flight crew notifications for
personal that accept cargo
The transportation of dangerous goods is a highly regulated area, and it is
essential that strict procedures are in place to ensure the safety of all
individuals involved in the transport process. Acceptance procedures and
flight crew notifications are two critical aspects of this process, and in
this brief, we will explore what they are and why they are important.
acceptance procedures,
The acceptance procedures for dangerous goods are put in place to
ensure that all hazardous materials that are being transported are
correctly identified, classified, packed, labeled, and marked
according to the applicable regulations. Acceptance procedures
involve a series of checks and balances to ensure that the shipment
is safe for transport and that all necessary documentation is in
order.
❖ The first step in the acceptance procedure is for the shipper to correctly
identify and classify the dangerous goods that are being transported.
The classification of dangerous goods is based on a set of criteria that
are used to determine the type and degree of hazard associated with the
substance. Once the dangerous goods have been correctly classified,
they must be packed, labeled, and marked according to the applicable
regulations.

❖ The next step in the acceptance procedure is for the carrier to review all
of the documentation associated with the shipment. This documentation
includes the shipper's declaration, which outlines the contents of the
shipment, and the dangerous goods transport document, which provides
information on the classification, packing, labeling, and marking of the
dangerous goods. The carrier must review this documentation to ensure
that everything is in order and that the shipment can be transported
safely.
If everything is in order, the carrier will then accept the shipment for transport.
However, if there are any issues or concerns, the carrier may reject the
shipment, and it will not be transported until the issues have been resolved.
Flight Crew Notifications:
❖ Flight crew notifications are an essential part of the transport
process for dangerous goods. They are used to inform the flight
crew of the presence of hazardous materials on board the aircraft
and to provide them with the necessary information to handle the
materials safely.
❖ The flight crew notification process begins with the shipper, who
is responsible for providing the airline with a written notification
of the presence of dangerous goods on board the aircraft. This
notification must include specific information about the dangerous
goods, including their classification, quantity, and location on the
aircraft.
❖ Once the airline has received the notification, they must then inform
the flight crew of the presence of the dangerous goods and provide
them with the necessary information to handle the materials safely.
This includes providing the crew with copies of the shipper's
declaration and the dangerous goods transport document, as well as
any other relevant information.
❖ The flight crew must then take appropriate precautions to ensure
the safe transport of the hazardous materials. This includes
following specific procedures for loading, stowing, and unloading
the dangerous goods, as well as monitoring the materials during
the flight to ensure that they remain safe.
I didnt find The most important shipping documents
Commercial Invoice
The Commercial Invoice is one of the most important documents when shipping your ocean
freight. It is the invoice that is issued by the seller (exporter) to the buyer (importer). It is
required in the customs clearance process.

Packing List
The Packing List is another important shipping document when transporting ocean freight
internationally. It is a detailed overview of the cargo mentioned on the Commercial Invoice
above. It also includes information on how the shipment has been packed and which marks
and numbers are noted outside of the shipment boxes.
Export/Import Customs Declaration
An Export or Import Customs Declaration lists details of the goods which are imported or exported. This

declaration is especially important when shipping international freight. Describing it in legal terms, with a Customs

Declaration, a person shows the wish to place goods under a given customs procedure. The Declaration is used for

customs clearance and to calculate the duties or taxes applicable to the cargo. It is prepared by a customs broker

using the invoice and packing list. At Twill, we are here to help you with customs clearance – find out more.

Bill of Lading & Sea Waybill

The Bill of Lading is a detailed document you will receive from us. It is the transportation contract, and important

details on the shipment are included in it. It is another relevant part of the ocean freight and proof that the carrier

has received the goods from the shipper in good condition. The party holding this document is also the party

controlling the cargo.

A Sea Waybill is also a transport contract. However, the Sea Waybill is not needed for cargo delivery and will only

be handed out as a cargo receipt. Moreover, a Sea Waybill is not negotiable and cannot be assigned to any third

party.
Certificates (production, vessel, phytosanitary)
As a part of important shipping documents and depending on the type of your cargo, you

might be asked for one of the following certificates:

● Production Certificate: This Certificate relates to the material or types of products using
sustainable resources or approved methods (e.g. sustainable wood sources). It is
required to be allowed to ship cargo in or out of regions where regulations related to the
production may apply.
● Vessel Certificate: The main purpose of a Vessel Certificate is to verify the ownership of
a vessel. It also provides certain details such as the age and maintenance of the vessel.
The certificate is usually requested as part of requirements for the Letter of Credit.
● Phytosanitary Certificate: The Phytosanitary Certificate is a document that certifies plant,
as well as plant products, are free from regulated pests. It also notes that the cargo
conforms with other phytosanitary requirements as specified by the importing country.
 Air or Rail Waybill

Depending on your mode of transport, you will get an Air or Rail Waybill. The Air Waybill (AWB) is

a non-negotiable document that is issued by an air carrier as an acknowledgement of the

possession of a shipment. The AWB is also a type of bill of lading. However, it is issued in a

non-negotiable form, so there is less protection with an AWB in comparison to the bill of lading. The

AWB also serves as a receipt for the consignor (the shipper). This document shows the shipment’s

destination address as well as contact information for the consignor and consignee (the receiver).

In comparison, the Rail Waybill is a document used for shipments via a railway. This document is

prepared by the shipping agent or railway line, after receiving the instructions from the shipper.
Arrival Notice
Another important document when shipping is the Arrival Notice or Notice of Arrival. This

document informs that the cargo is arriving at the destination. It includes relevant details

such as the commodity description, sailing details, destination country related to customs

charges and the contact details of the ocean freight carrier. It is issued by the ocean freight

carrier’s destination agent to the consignee and to parties that might be needed to notify as

mentioned on the Bill of Lading.

Certificate of Origin
The Certificate of Origin is the document that declares in which country a good or commodity was

manufactured. It is needed on a regular basis. This document contains information about the product, its

destination as well as the country of export. It is an important form as it helps to determine if goods are

eligible for import and if they are subject to duties.

Importer Security Filing (local customs requirements)

Your shipment might need to require an Importer Security Filing (ISF). This document is a US customs and

border protection regulation that only counts for ocean cargo imports. Prior to the shipping order, importers

should send the required data for this documentation to their US customs broker, as it is required to be filed

with US customs and border protection 24 hours prior to sailing from last origin port. Required data are

among other the seller’s and buyer’s name as well as address, the importer of record, the ultimate

consignee, manufacturer’s name and address as well as the country of origin.

Letter of Credit
A Letter of Credit is a primary means of payment in an international trade

transaction. It is by default irrevocable. This document is a promise by a bank on

behalf of the buyer (the importer) to the seller (the exporter) with a specified sum

in an agreed currency. Moreover, it requires that the seller submits the needed

documents at a predetermined deadline. Additionally, it includes information such

as the description as well as the quantity of goods, technical description and

documentary requirements.
THANK YOU