Introduction

Background of the Study

A typical worry is increased academic stress throughout the last years of school, but
little is known about how stress varies over time and what aspects of the person, the school,
and the family are linked to suffering. According to Östberg et al. (2018), school-related
pressure is identified by numerous studies as an important stimulator of stress during
adolescence. Obligations connected to school, such having a lot of homework. Senior high
school education has undergone a paradigm shift marked by higher standards, more
demanding coursework, and more performance requirements. Concerns about students'
wellbeing have arisen as a result of this changing environment, especially in light of the
strain of academics and its possible effects on mental health. Stress in turn may lead to
other mental health problems. Mental health is defined by the World Health Organization
(2018). In light of this, the current study attempts to explore the complex interactions
between homework-related stress and academic pressure, with an emphasis on
comprehending the fundamental processes that govern these relationships.

The educational system has undergone changes recently that prioritize academic
achievement in order to better prepare pupils for postsecondary education. But concerns have
been expressed regarding the potential effects of this increased emphasis on academic success on
students' general wellbeing, particularly with regard to stress from homework. When academic
pressure is combined with high expectations and little time for personal and recreational interests,
students may find themselves in difficult situations. The concerns about increased academic stress
in senior high school are widespread, little is understood about how stress develops over time or
what elements in the individual, the school, and the family contribute to stress. Teenagers'
problematic behavior has a negative social impact that interferes with social cohesion and stability
as well as people's physical and mental health and development of their social skills. The findings
indicate that adolescent deviant behavior is favorably impacted by academic pressure. the aims of
this survey study were to examine the associations of demographic characteristcs (gender, age
and sexual orientation), mental health status, and point in time of survey (i.e., the beginning of the
social debates on legalizing same sex marriage vs the end of the social debates) with peoples
perception of the attitudes of the general population in Taiwan toward homosexuality. A two
wave internet survey was conducted using Facebook to gather information regading people
perception of the population attitudes toward homosexuality among 4562 participants. The five

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item Brief Symptoms Rating scale was used for assessing mental heatlh status. The result indicated
that partcipants perceived the populations as having a lower acceptance at the end of the social
debates on legalizing same sex marriage at the beginning of the social debates; gender moderated
the decline in perceived acceptance. The results also indicated that poor mental health and
heterosexual orientation were significantly associated with a lower perception of the populations
homosexuality acceptance in both waves of the survey. The factords related to perceived
homosexuality acceptance need to be considered in developing programs to increase the
populations homosexuality acceptance.

Keywords: attitude, homosexuality, same-sex marriage, mental health According to the

mediation model, self-control and parent-child conflict directly mediate the relationship
between academic pressure and behavioral issues in teenagers. In Johnson's (2020)
comprehensive review, the issue of academic pressure's detrimental impact on the mental
health of high school students is prominently discussed. It is evident that the escalating
expectations and demands placed on high school students may lead to increased stress
levels, potentially affecting their overall well-being. This issue underscores the urgency of
conducting a mediation study to further explore the relationship between academic
pressure, homework, and the resulting stress experienced by senior high school students.
The varying degrees of academic pressure experienced by senior high school students
taking into account factors such as parental expectations, competition, and college
admission requirements. This study will assess the level of stress among students, analyze
the impact of stress on academic success, will identify the factors causing stress among the
students, and to propose effective stress management strategies for students based on the
identified stress factors. This study will significantly contribute to understanding the
difficulties and experiences of senior high school's students through examining the role of
academic pressure and its connection to stress and homework activities, and to serve us
related literature of further studies regarding student's academic difficulties and experiences
especially on senior high school students.

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Literature Review

Term 1. Perception of attitude of Grade 12 GAS (General Academic Strand)

towards homosexuality in Pampanga High school.
It refer to individual cognitive processes shaping attitudes and beliefs. It includes
feelings and behavioral intentions. In this study it also refers to the specific group
under investigation that focuses on the sexual orientation.
Term 2. GAS is an acronym for General Academic Strand. It takes a general approach to prepare
students for university life. Compared to other strands, students can expect to tackle different
disciplines. This can cover various subjects and topics such as Humanities, Management, Social
Sciences, and even Organization
Term 3. The General Academic Strand (GAS) in Grade 12 covers a wide range of
subjects, but opinions on homosexuality can vary widely among students based on
personal beliefs, upbringing, and exposure to diverse perspectives. Attitudes
toward homosexuality in a Pampanga high school within the GAS may encompass
a spectrum, from acceptance and support to intolerance or indifference. It's crucial
to consider that attitudes toward homosexuality can be influenced by cultural,
religious, and societal factors.

"Attitude" refers to a person's feelings or beliefs toward something, while

"homosexuality" pertains to romantic or sexual attraction between members of the
same gender. Pampanga is a province in the Philippines known for its cultural
heritage and diverse community. High schools within Pampanga may reflect a mix
of traditional and progressive viewpoints regarding various social issues, including
attitudes toward homosexuality
This review centers on unraveling the intricate relationship between academic pressure,
homework-induced stress, and the mediating variables relevant to senior high school
students. The researchers delved into a range of scholarly articles, journals, and online
resources to illuminate distinct facets of students' experiences, emphasizing the following
pivotal themes:

1. Academic Pressure and Homework-Related Stress:

Exploring the direct correlation between academic pressure and the stress
emanating from homework assignments, aiming to understand the nuanced dynamics that
contribute to heightened stress levels among senior high school students.

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2. Mediating Factors in Homework-Stress Connection:

Investigating potential mediating variables that may influence or modulate the

impact of academic pressure on homework-induced stress. This involves identifying factors
that may either exacerbate or mitigate the stressors associated with academic demands.

3. Coping Mechanisms and Resilience:

Examining strategies employed by students to cope with academic pressure and

homework-related stress, assessing how resilience factors may act as potential mediators in
mitigating the negative effects of academic demands.

4. Parental and Peer Influences:

Analyzing the role of parental and peer influences in shaping students' perceptions
of academic pressure, homework expectations, and stress responses, exploring how these
external factors may mediate the overall stress experience.

5. Educational Interventions and Support Systems:

Reviewing existing literature on educational interventions and support systems

aimed at alleviating homework-induced stress, assessing their effectiveness in mediating
the impact of academic pressure on students' well-being.

Conceptual Framework

ThisIndependent
study investigates the attitudes of Grade 12 students in the General Academic Strand
Variable:
towards
Academic Pressure considering input factors such as demographic
homosexuality, variables
Dependent and
Variable:
Homework-Stress
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Independent Variable:
Academic Pressure
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mediating variables like the educational environment and peer influence, utilizing the
Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework, with the aim of providing insights for
educators and policymakers to foster inclusivity in the academic setting.

Statement of the Problem

1. How does this pressure contribute to the overall stress experienced by students in
the context of homework?

2. What are the levels of stress associated with homework tasks among Senior High
School students?

3. How does academic pressure directly relate to homework-related stress in Senior

High School students?

4. What are the potential mediating variables that play a role in the connection
between academic pressure and homework-related stress among Senior High School
students?

5. What are the implications for long-term mental health and academic
performance?
Research Hypothesis

Scope and Delimitations

This research deals with the extent to which we understand the perspective of 12 gas
students towards homesexuality of selected public SHS learners at Pampanga High School.

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The term "culture of research" in this study only refers to activities directly related to the
teaching and learning of the research subjects in SHS. Thus, this study only focuses on the
experiences of the respondents - the learners as they undergo the results of stigma on their
mental and physical health. The study involves ten (6) Grade 12 SHS learners. As a
limitation, this study is restricted to dealing with the school environment only, and does not
take into account other factors such as socio-economic background, medical history, and
genetic predisposition of the learners.

SCOPE
This document aims to explore the impact of academic pressure on senior high
school students and the resulting stress that this can cause. It will look at why students feel
pressured to do well in their studies and how this can lead to feelings of stress.
Additionally, it will explore the role played by homework and other school-related
activities in contributing to students' stress levels.

DELIMITATION
While this document will cover the various aspects of the topic of academic
pressure and its impact on stress amongst senior high school students, it cannot include
everything that has been said or written about the subject.

Significance of the Study

The research findings are significant in helping the participants of sleep deprived students
and the impact it has on their physical and mental health. The findings can help identify
interventions and strategies to prevent and manage sleep deprivation among students,
ultimately improving their health and academic performance.
Respondents. This study provides support for obtaining detailed information on the
common challenges they faced throughout their learning experience. Also, they will be able
to know the strategies that they should employ to manage such difficulties in different
situations.

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Stigmatized Homo sexual people. This study provides a foundation for understanding how
students struggle when learning while sleep deprived and how they deal with those
hardships while remaining faithful to the path they have chosen despite unexpected
changes in this school year. It would also allow them to get reassurance and courage to
continue what they have begun since there are people who believe in them and appreciate
their efforts and sacrifices toward the success they desire in the future.
Educators. The findings of this study may give educators a depth of understanding of what
is going on with their students during their sessions. It will serve as a guide for how they
would approach their students to provide some comfort and consideration, as every student
has personal and school problems. Also, it enables the teaching authorities to analyze the
effectiveness of the current education that will inevitably create an optimized school
curriculum where students can continue their studies at ease.
Society. The study's findings may show concerned government officials, particularly those
in the educational profession, how they could develop various strategies to support every
student with the learning system that students are currently facing.
Future Researchers. This will be their guide and basis for their future study since it will
serve as one of their dependable sources for the analysis they will deliver on students. It
could serve as a reference for them when they need to acquire broader and deeper data on a
particular topic or seek a plausible response to specific questions about this research.
The results of this study will benefit the following:

Students. This study would be able to help the students learn something to
encourage themselves to cope with their academic stress while under pressure.

Teachers. This could help the teachers implement plans to help their students and
encourage them to be deserving of the way they learn.

Parents. This would help the parents understand more about their children's
academic pressure and give them the encouragement to take another step.

Future researcher. This study will benefit future researchers as they refine their
studies about "The Role of Perceived Academic Pressure in Mediating the Homework-
Stress Relationship Among Senior High School Students." This may serve as a source of
information or references about their past research.

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Definition of Terms
Academic Pressure - A student who feels under pressure to meet academic goals by
devoting a significant amount of time and energy to them.

Homework-Stress - Students who have excessive homework have higher levels of

stress. Students who perform well academically and may have more schoolwork are more
susceptible to health problems associated to stress, such as headaches, weight loss, stomach
troubles, and lack of sleep.

Mediation - In order to help the parties in a disagreement reach a mutually

agreeable resolution, a third party, or mediator, will step in and mediate the situation.

Senior High School - Senior high school is to prepare kids for college by giving
them the knowledge, skills, and global competencies they will need to pursue successful
professional pathways in the future.

Term 1. Perception of attitude of Grade 12 GAS (General Academic

Strand) towards homosexuality in Pampanga High school.
It refer to individual cognitive processes shaping attitudes and beliefs. It includes
feelings and behavioral intentions. In this study it also refers to the specific group
under investigation that focuses on the sexual orientation.
Term 2. GAS is an acronym for General Academic Strand. It takes a general
approach to prepare students for university life. Compared to other strands,
students can expect to tackle different disciplines. This can cover various subjects
and topics such as Humanities, Management, Social Sciences, and even
Organization
Term 3. The General Academic Strand (GAS) in Grade 12 covers a wide range of
subjects, but opinions on homosexuality can vary widely among students based on
personal beliefs, upbringing, and exposure to diverse perspectives. Attitudes
toward homosexuality in a Pampanga high school within the GAS may encompass
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a spectrum, from acceptance and support to intolerance or indifference. It's crucial
to consider that attitudes toward homosexuality can be influenced by cultural,
religious, and societal factors.

"Attitude" refers to a person's feelings or beliefs toward something, while

"homosexuality" pertains to romantic or sexual attraction between members of the
same gender. Pampanga is a province in the Philippines known for its cultural
heritage and diverse community. High schools within Pampanga may reflect a mix
of traditional and progressive viewpoints regarding various social issues, including
attitudes toward homosexuality
Senior High School Students - Are people in the high school age group who are figuring
out who they are, what they like to do, and what careers they want to pursue.

METHODOLOGY

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This study is quantitative in nature. According to Ahmad S, Wasim S, et al. (2019),
quantitative research is the dominant research framework in the social sciences. It refers to
a set of strategies, techniques and assumptions used to study psychological, social and
economic processes through the exploration of numeric patterns.

Research Design
Descriptive research design will be used in this study. According to Makodi (2023)
defines descriptive research design as used when there is need to develop a snap short /
quick photo of a phenomenon of interest. Involves large sample, describes events, helps
define attitude, opinions, behavior observed or measured at a given time and environment.
This research design is most appropriate for this study because it allows for the
comprehensive exploration of a phenomenon by utilizing a large sample size. This design
facilitates the depiction of events, defines attitudes, opinions, and behaviors within a
specific time and environment, providing a detailed snapshot essential for understanding
the subject under investigation.

Sampling
The participants would be 9 ten (9) 12 GAS students from Pampanga High
School 2023-2024. They will be selected via purposive sampling method with the
following criteria: (1) The participants must be current Grade 12-GAS student enrolled
during the school year 2023-20234, and (2) The participants must be from Pampanga High
School. In relation to this, purposive sampling is a form of non-probability sampling which
researchers depended within their own judgment when selecting participants

Moreover, while this sample did not reflect the entire population, it was considered
adequate for illustrating the study's purpose. Hence, the purpose of this study was not to
generalize the findings but to qualitatively identify and explain the experiences during this
school year (2022-2023).

Of the 150 total population size, a sample size of 50 will be obtained using Raosoft
application.

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Respondents will be chosen via simple random sampling technique. According to
Thomas L. (2023), simple random sampling technique is a portion of a population chosen
at random. Every member of the population has an exact equal probability of getting
chosen using this sampling technique. This technique is most appropriate to use for the
study as of all the probability sampling techniques, this one is the easiest to understand
because it only takes one random selection and minimal prior population knowledge.
The general considerations in choosing the respondents to include will be the
following: (1) The participants must be current senior high school student enrolled during
the school year 2023-2024, and (2) The participants must be from Pampanga High School.
In relation to this, simple random sampling is a kind of probability sampling where a subset
of participants is chosen at random by the researcher from the population.
Instrument
Survey questionnaires will be used in the study for data collection. According to
Pritha Bhandari (2023), survey questionnaires is a set of inquiries or items intended to elicit
information from respondents regarding their beliefs, backgrounds, and viewpoints.
Utilizing survey questionnaires is one way to get quantitative data.
The survey questionnaire that will be used in the study will be developed by the
researchers. Moreover, the research instrument will be validated by research experts in the
field ensures validity and reliability of the instrument to acquire appropriate and accurate
information.
There will be 5 survey questions included in the questionnaire. Conciseness,
sequential arrangement of items- from the simplest to the most complex question- and
establishment of the variables and research questions are factors that will be considered by
the researchers in designing their research instrument for better facilitation of data
collection and tabulation.
Data Collection
Before the actual data collection, necessary forms for the conduct of the study will
be prepared and developed by the researchers. Contents of the validated research
instrument will be encoded by the researchers in Google Form. After determining the
sample size via sampling technique and identifying the criteria of the respondents to be
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included in the study, messenger accounts and g-mails of possible respondents will be
obtained. The researchers will secure the necessary permits that will ensure compliance to
the proper procedure of conducting a study before proceeding to actual data collection.

Data collection will start by sending the Google Form link of the survey to the Messenger
accounts of identified respondents. With the incorporation of the informed consent in the
google survey form voluntary participation will be assured.
Before the actual data collection, necessary forms for the conduct of the study will be
prepared and developed by the researchers. Contents of the validated research instrument
will be encoded by the researchers in Google Form. After determining the sample size via
simple random sampling technique and identifying the criteria of the respondents to be
included in the study, messenger accounts and g-mails of possible respondents will be
obtained. The researchers will secure the necessary permits that will ensure compliance to
the proper procedure of conducting a study before proceeding to actual data collection.
Data collection will start by sending the Google Form link of the survey to the
Messenger accounts of identified respondents. With the incorporation of the informed
consent in the Google Survey form, voluntary participation will be assured.
After collecting required data, the researchers will access the responses of the
survey via Google Form. These data will be organized, encoded, analyzed, and interpreted
for the presentation of the study’s results, conclusion, and recommendation. Access to the
Google form responses from the survey will be only accessible to the research teacher and
researchers to ensure privacy and confidentiality of information gathered from the
respondents.
Data Analysis
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Conduct EDA techniques to understand the
characteristics and patterns within the data. Summarize the dataset using descriptive
statistics, such as mean, median, and standard deviation. Visualize the data through
histograms, box plots, scatter plots, etc., to identify any trends or relationships related to
homosexuality.

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Data gathered will be analyzed through descriptive statistics. According to Bhandari
(2023) defines that descriptive statics summarize and organize characteristics of a data set.
A data set is a collection of responses or observations from a sample or entire population.

Ethical Considerations
Various ethics in research will be considered in the conduct of the study, with specific
reference to Data Privacy Act of 2012. Necessary permits, consent, and assent forms will
be obtained in the conduct of the study. In addition, there will be voluntary participation
from the respondents. Safety measures will be observed to ensure protection of both the
researchers and respondents. Information will be handled with confidentiality and can be
only accessed by authorized persons specified at the start of the study. Proper procedure
before, during, and after data collection will be followed. Authenticity of results will be
preserved to ensure unbiased results and validity and reliability of the study.

References

Source: Cimene, T. et al. "Attitudes toward Homosexuality in a School

Context." https://ijmrap.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/IJMRAP-V2N10P107Y20.pdf
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https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sbp/sbp/2010/00000038/00000006/art00001

https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/10064/135264163.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sbp/sbp/2010/00000038/00000006/art00001
https://views-voices.oxfam.org.uk/2022/06/how-the-queer-history-of-the-philippines-
inspires-our-struggle-today/
https://www.iias.asia/sites/default/files/2020-11/IIAS_NL35_13.pdf
https://loveyourself.ph/the-history-of-lgbtq-visibility-in-the-philippines/
https://doras.dcu.ie/28009/2/Ildefonso%20Humanities%20Bulletin%205.2.pd
https://www.thesuflyer.com/post/lgbtqia-history-month-queer-magic-and-pre-colonial-
philippines

Ahmad S, Wasim S, Irfan S, et al. Qualitative v/s. quantitative research- a summarized

review. J. Evid. Based Med. Healthc. 2019; 6(43), 2828-2832. DOI:
10.18410/jebmh/2019/587

BIEREENU-NNABUGWU, M. (2023). On Problem Definition and Research Designing in

the Logic and Methods of Political Inquiry. Social Scientia: Journal of Social Sciences and
Humanities,7(4). Retrieved from
https://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php/SS/article/view/1775

Thomas, L. (2023). Simple Random Sampling/ Definition, Steps & Examples. Scribbr.
Retrieved January 8, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-
sampling/

Pritha Bhandari (2023); Questionnaire Design|Methods, Question Types & Examples

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/questionnaire/#:~:text=A%20questionnaire%20is
%20a%20list,the%20social%20and%20health%20sciences.

Bhandari, P. (2023, June 21). Descriptive Statistics | Definitions, Types, Examples. Scribbr.
Retrieved January 8, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/descriptive-statistics/

Pritha Bhandari (June 21, 2023.), https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/descriptive-statistics/?

fbclid=IwAR0MJRlKTFinBqSbGQK_VaLMXYOhYhzE_2KgEvkENcBrg0hhpnsWnHsP
cFI

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INSTRUMENT VALIDATION FORM

The researcher will utilize a structured questionnaire as an instrument. Quantitative data

that is both accurate and relevant. Even more effective. The advantages of choosing non
face-to-face interviews as a data collection method due to its time efficient, safe space for
privacy. With our groups work, this research became possible. Structured will be utilized to
conduct this study. The individual who develops the form can share the link to the
participants. Convenient approach to develop a framework. Beneficial during the data
collection procedure. According to (Dudovskiy, 2018), the extent to which a survey
measures the right elements that need to be examined is known as research validity.
Validity relates towards how effectively an instrument measure what it is expected to
represent. Researchers gathered and analyzed data to come up with their own list of
questions. Validity was obtained through the competence of questions that continued
through the examination and discussion with our research teacher and research department
head as validators who are experienced about this study to collect the relevant data for this
study. Pampanga High School instrument was legalized by our Research adviser, Sir Aldrin
Conception Idiongco since we are in a safe environment.

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I. Working Academic Pressure's Role in Senior High School Homework-Stress

title of the Connection: A Mediation Study
Study

II. Objective This study aims to describe how academic pressure affects the
relationship between senior high school homework and stress, trying
to uncover mediation elements that contribute to students' general
well-being.

III. Findings from this study will be useful in the connection between
Contribution senior high school homework and stress. Understanding this
mediation could provide insights on methods to decrease stress for
students, potentially leading to more successful learning settings.

IV. Research Descriptive research design will be used in this study. According to
Design Makodi (2023) defines descriptive research design as used when
there is need to develop a snap short / quick photo of a phenomenon
of interest. Involves large sample, describes events, helps define
attitude, opinions, behavior observed or measured at a given time
and environment. This research

design is most appropriate for this study because it allows for the
comprehensive exploration of a phenomenon by utilizing a large
sample size. This design facilitates the depiction of events, defines
attitudes, opinions, and behaviors within a specific time and
environment, providing a detailed snapshot essential for
understanding the subject under investigation.

Please encircle your general decision on the level of acceptability(3-

Retain,2-Revise,1-Reject) for each proposed specific research
Instructions question and corresponding survey question in relation to the main
to the objective of the study. You may also write inside the “Remarks”
Validator column of this form your opinion, suggestions, and recommendations
regarding each of the questions or the whole instrument itself. You
may use another sheet of paper when necessary.
VALIDATOR’S DECISION/
LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY
(Please encircle)

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Statement of 3 2 1
the Problem Proposed Question Retain Revise Reject Remarks
(SOP 1)
Item
Number

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How does this

SOP 1/ pressure contribute to
3 2 1
Specific the overall stress
Retain Revise Reject
Research experienced by
Question 1 students in the context
of homework?

*Survey 3 2 1
Question/s Retain Revise Reject
for SOP 1

What is the level of

SOP 2/
stress associated with 3 2 1
Specific
homework task among Retain Revise Reject
Research
Senior High School
Question 2
students?

*Survey 3 2 1
Question/s Retain Revise Reject
for SOP 2

SOP 3/ How does academic

Specific pressure directly relate 3 2 1
Research to homework-related Retain Revise Reject
Question 3, stress in Senior High
if any School students?

*Survey
3 2 1
Question/s
Retain Revise Reject
for SOP 3, if
any

(Additional rows may be added.)

Write your No survey questions for this research question

last Specific
Research
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Question
here not to
be included
in the
Instrument

Nothing follows

Name of Validator : ____________________________________________

Designation : ____________________________________________
Signature : ____________________________________________
Date Signed : ____________________________________________

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Methods rubric:
RUBRIC
Criteria 4 3 2 1
Congruence of All parts are There is at There is no No output.
Parts totally least 1 part congruence
congruent with that is not among the parts
each other. congruent in the
among each introduction.
other.
Clarity of Content Exceptionally There is at- There are 2 or No output.

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clear and least 1 unclear more unclear
focused content. and and inconsistent
inconsistent focuses.
focus. Specific Inadequate or
supporting missing
details are supporting
present. documents.
Correctness from All parts need to 2-3 parts need 4 parts need to No output.
previous checking be edited from to be edited be edited from
the last from the last the last
checking of the checking of checking of the
teacher is all the teacher are teacher are not
followed and not followed followed and
edited. and edited. edited.
References There is no There are 2-3 There are 4 or No output.
improper improper more improper
citation, and all citations, and citations, and all
sources need to not all sources sources need to
be cited are need to be be cited are not
properly cited. cited are properly cited.
properly cited.
Grammar/ Totally free There is at- There are 2 or No output.
Spelling from any least 1 more
grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors and/or error and/or errors and/or
spelling. spelling. spelling.
Score: ___/20

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