Class Notes: Algebra

Topic: Quadratic Equations

Introduction:

• Quadratic equations are polynomial equations of the form

��2+��+�=0ax2+bx+c=0, where �a, �b, and �c are constants, and �x
is the variable.

1. Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring:

• To solve a quadratic equation by factoring, we aim to rewrite the equation in the

form (�−�)(�−�)=0(x−r)(x−s)=0, where �r and �s are the roots of the
equation.
• We identify factors of the constant term �c that sum up to the coefficient of �x
term �b, then use these factors to rewrite the quadratic equation.

2. Quadratic Formula:

• The quadratic formula provides a general method for solving any quadratic equation:
�=−�±�2−4��2�x=2a−b±b2−4ac.
• By substituting the coefficients �a, �b, and �c into the quadratic formula, we can
find the roots of the quadratic equation.

3. Completing the Square:

• Completing the square is another technique used to solve quadratic equations. It

involves manipulating the equation to express it in the form (�−ℎ)2=�(x−h)2=k.
• This method is particularly useful for deriving the quadratic formula and
understanding the geometric interpretation of quadratic functions.

Conclusion:

• Quadratic equations represent a fundamental concept in algebra, with applications

across various fields such as physics, engineering, and economics. Mastering
techniques for solving quadratic equations is essential for advancing in algebra and
its related disciplines.