STRUCTURES OF THE

HUMAN BODY

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Intended Learning
Outcome ✓ Recognize body and body parts of a man
✓ Name different classification of the body
✓ Know Man’s Biological Make-up of a man
✓ Distinguished Muscular system and types of muscles
✓ Define skeletal system and innumerate different bone
types
✓ Appreciate the value of each parts/system that involve in
doing Physical Activity
OUR BODY

•Is an ultimate mover that makes us to enjoy and satisfied.

•Each part has its own function that depends on one another.
•Knowing the parts of the body, its systems, and capabilities and
limitations are essential for Physical Education and for effective
performance in physical activities.
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 BODY TYPES

Body types or Physique Classification distinguish certain

physiological and personality traits.

Good Physique boosts an individual morale and self-confidence.

On the other hand, people who does not have good physique are more
conscious and have low self-esteem.
 BODY TYPES
William Sheldon
• an American psychologist known
for his theory on associating
physique with personality and
delinquency.
Ernst Kretschmer
• a German psychiatrist who proposed the
types of physique similar to Sheldon's
classification. Namely:
•Asthenic (thin, small, weak)
•Athletic (muscular, large-boned)
•Pyknic (stocky, fat)
•He attempt to correlate body build and
physical constitution with temperament and
mental illness,
SHELDON'S BODY
TYPE
CLASSIFICATION

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ECTOMORPH MESOMORPH ENDOMORPH

Lean, slim, shallow chested, and tall Muscular with broad shoulders, well- Broad, rounded figure, large head,
proportion to their weight. Has developed chest, robust and strong. heavy neck, and ruddy face. Has
difficulty in building muscles. Has good metabolism and responsive high tendency to store body fat
muscle cells.
Sheldon’s Classification ECTOMORPH MESOMORPH ENDOMORPH

ASTHENIC ATHLETIC PYKNIC

Ernst Kretchmer
 MAN'S BIOLOGICAL MAKE-UP AND
FITNESS

•Body System is an arrangement of organs closely allied or related to each

other to do particular job.

•A System is made up of organs (collection of tissues with similar function)

which in turn are made up of cells (basic structural unit of all living
organisms).

•Cell is the biological basis of life.

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 Organism

Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
THE
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
•Protects the body organs
•Storing minerals that the body
utilizes.
•Provides form and structure for the
muscle to work against.
•Support the body.

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A long bone has a shaft and two ends. This are subjected to most of the load during daily
activities and they are crucial for skeletal mobility.

Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their
primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. short bones
are located in the hands and feet.

Flat bones are bones whose principal function is either extensive protection or the provision
of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. They’re typically thin, flattened, and slightly
curved. Flat bones serve to either protect your internal organs or to provide a connection
point for other bones.
The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long, short,
flat or sesamoid bones. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body,

The sesamoid bones are tiny little bones found within tendons that are located in areas of the
body where the tendon passes over a joint. Their function is to assist the tendons mechanically,
by holding the tendon further away from the joint to make movement easier, essentially acting
as a fulcrum.
 TYPES OF BONES

•Long Bones - Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Fibula, Tibia, Femur, Metacarpals, Phalanges
•Short Bones - Carpal Bones, Tarsals Bones
•Flat Bones - Skull, Ribs, Sternum, Scapulae
Note: The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs. The thoracic cage is formed by the
(a) sternum and (b) 12 pairs of ribs with costal cartilages. The ribs are anchored
posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum consists of the classified as true ribs
(1-7) and false ribs (8-12). The last two pairs of false ribs are also known as floating ribs
(11-12).
•Irregular Bones - Skull, vertebrae, Hip
•Sesamoid Bones - Patella
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TYPES OF BONES
THE
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
•The body system that is composed of
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and
cardiac muscle tissue and functions in
movement of the body or of materials
through the body.
•Maintenance of posture
•Responsible for heat production

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 3 TYPES OF MUSCLES
(Involuntary Muscles) - These muscles form the walls of the
CARDIAC MUSCLES heart and contacts to circulate the blood.

(Involuntary Muscles) - Found in organs or organ system

such as the digestive or respiratory system.
VISCERAL/SMOOTH MUSCLES

(Voluntary Muscles) - Attach to the skeleton with the

SKELETAL MUSCLES ability to move.
3 TYPES OF MUSCLES
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION.