2023 Tax Guideline

Poland
General information about
Poland

Location: The Republic of Poland is located in Central

Europe and borders Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia,
Ukraine, Belarus and Russia
Capital: Warsaw

Area: 312,679 km2

Population: 38.2 million

Official language: Polish

Official currency: zloty (PLN)

The head of state: President

GDP growth: 3.5 % in 2022(preliminary estimate)

Membership:

▪ European Union (2004)

▪ EU Schengen Agreement (2007)
▪ OECD (1996)
▪ UNO (1948)
▪ GATT/WTO (1995)
▪ NATO (1999) and some other international
organisations
Population: 38.5 million

Official language: Polish

Official currency: zloty (PLN)

The head of state: President

GDP growth: 3.9% in 2019

Membership:

▪ European Union (2004)

▪ EU Schengen Agreement (2007)
▪ OECD (1996)
▪ UNO (1948)
Page 2
▪ GATT/WTO (1995)
▪ NATO (1999) and some other international
organisations.
Contents
Legal forms of business ................................................................................................................ 4
General rules on purchasing real estate by foreigners ................................................................ 4
Legal forms of business ............................................................................................................... 5
Social and health security ............................................................................................................. 6
Taxes on corporate income .......................................................................................................... 7
Income and capital gains ............................................................................................................. 7
Withholding tax on cross boarder payments ................................................................................ 7
Corporate income tax – general information. ............................................................................... 8
Incentives ..................................................................................................................................... 9
International aspects .................................................................................................................... 10
Anti-avoidance rules ..................................................................................................................... 11
Transfer pricing ............................................................................................................................ 12
Optional settlement methods ....................................................................................................... 13
Taxes on individual income .......................................................................................................... 15
Personal income tax – rates......................................................................................................... 15
Personal income tax – general information.................................................................................. 15
Allowances ................................................................................................................................... 17
International aspects .................................................................................................................... 17
Value-added tax .............................................................................................................................. 19
VAT – rates .................................................................................................................................. 19
VAT – general information ........................................................................................................... 19
VAT registration ........................................................................................................................... 20
The National System of e-Invoices .............................................................................................. 22
Other taxes ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Taxes on capital ........................................................................................................................... 23
Other business-related taxes ....................................................................................................... 24

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Legal forms of business

General rules on purchasing real estate by foreigners

The real estate investor can acquire Polish real estate by way of an asset deal (e.g. direct acquisition
of real estate) or a share deal (e.g. acquisition of a corporation owning real estate) only after obtaining
a permit from Ministry of Internal Affairs. Both legal and natural persons from European Economic Area
and Switzerland are exempt from obtaining such permit (generally).

Asset deal
EEA/Swiss foreign persons (natural or legal) may directly acquire real estate in Poland, except:
▪ areas close to state borders
▪ farmland with the area exceeding 0.3 ha.

Asset deal is subject either to Transaction Tax or VAT (depending on the status of supplier).

Share deal
Foreign investor that acquired a Polish corporation that owns any real estate require a permit. The
permit is not required for investors from EEA/ Switzerland.
Share deal is subject to Transaction Tax.

Limitation in acquiring farmlands

On May 1st, 2016 entered into force the Act on Shaping Agricultural System, which substantially restricts
the purchase of farmlands. For example, in case farmland is being sold the following subjects will have
the pre-emptive right to buy it: the tenant of the sold property, its neighbour and the State Farmland
Agency. A foreigner from outside the European Economic Area (this area consists of the European
Union countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) or Switzerland who intends to purchase real estate
in Poland should obtain a prior permit from the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration.

Page 4
Legal forms of business

The form of business The

minimum Tax treatment Tax rates
English Polish capital

Income tax base is calculated at the Tax

General
Spółka Jawna (sp.j.) N/A level of partners; tax is levied at the transparent
Partnership
level of the partners. vehicle

Income tax base is calculated at the Tax

Professional Spółka Partnerska
N/A level of partners; tax is levied at the transparent
Partnership (sp.p)
level of the partners. vehicle

Income tax base is calculated at the Tax

level of partners; tax is levied at the transparent
level of the partners. vehicle
Limited Spółka Komandytowa
N/A
Partnership (sp.k.)
From 2021 - Non-transparent,
19%/9%
dividends subject to tax.

Joint-stock Spółka Komandytowo- Non-transparent, dividends subject to

PLN 50,000 19%/9%
Partnership akcyjna (s.k.a.) tax.

Limited Spółka z ograniczoną

PLN 5,000 Non-transparent, dividends subject to
Liability odpowiedzialnością 19%/9%
tax.
Company (sp. z o.o.)

Joint Stock PLN Non-transparent, dividends subject to

Spółka Akcyjna (s.a.) 19%/9%
Company 100,000 tax.

Simple Joint
Prosta Spółka Akcyjna Non-transparent, dividends subject to
Stock 1 PLN 19%/9%
(p.s.a) tax.
Company

12 / 32% or
flat rate 19%
Sole Działalność 2-17% lump-
N/A Tax liability of sole entrepreneur.
Entrepreneur gospodarcza sum tax on
registered
income

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Page 5
Social and health security

Contribution for Employee Employer

Retirement pension contribution 9.76 % 9.76 %

Pension contribution 1.5 % 6.5 %

Sickness contribution 2.45 % N/A

Disability pension N/A 0.67 % - 3.33 %

Health insurance 9% N/A

Employment Fund N/A 2.45 %

Fund of Guaranteed Employment Benefits N/A 0.1 %

TOTAL 22.71% 19.48% - 22.14%

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Taxes on corporate income

Income and capital gains

19%
Is the rate of the corporate income tax (standard rate).

9%
Is the reduced tax rate for small taxpayers and new companies in the first year of business
activity

Withholding tax on cross border payments

The term “withholding tax” is used to describe income tax (both corporate and personal) withheld by
remitters whose permanent establishment (place of residence, seat, or the so-called foreign
establishment) is in the country in which the income arises.

20%
Is the withholding tax rate, is levied on income from interest, copyright or related rights, rights
to inventive designs, trademarks and decorative designs, disclosing the secret of a recipe or
production process, for the use or right to use an industrial device. The taxation may be
diminished by application EU Directives or double taxation treaties.

19%
Is the withholding tax rate that covers payment of dividends, also in this case tax burden may
be diminished by application of EU Directives or double taxation treaties.

From 2022, a 'pay and refund' mechanism (including withholding tax at standard rates of 19%/20%)
has been introduced in relation to certain categories of payments to related parties exceeding PLN 2
million.

Page 7
Corporate income tax – general information

Residence
A company is treated as resident if it has its legal seat or place of effective management
in Poland.

Taxable income
Resident companies are taxable on their worldwide income, including capital gains. The taxable income
is computed on the basis of the accounting profits and is adjusted for several items as described in the
tax law. Revenues are divided into two sources – business activity and capital gains.

Tax period

Tax settlement period for a corporate income tax is tax year.

Standard tax year is 12 months, it can be similar to calendar year but also may be changed. Tax
advances are paid throughout the year on a monthly or quarterly basis and reconciliated annually.

Tax returns and assessment

The taxpayer has to calculate and report revenues, tax deductible costs and tax due in the annual tax
return (self-assessment). The deadline for filing the return is by the end of the third month following the
end of the tax year. The filing deadline cannot be extended.

Tax advancement
Tax advances should be calculated and paid by the taxpayer on a monthly basis, quarterly in the first
year, or if gross sales did not exceed EUR 2,000,000 in the previous year. Basis for calculation are
current taxable revenues and tax-deductible costs, the taxpayer can choose to estimate the tax on the
basis of tax year preceding the previous year (current year - 2).

Deductions
Generally, expenses incurred in connection to obtaining, ensuring and maintaining taxable income are
fully deductible, unless they are listed as non-deductible items. Some items are deductible only up to a
limit set by the law.

Carry forward of losses

Tax losses may be carried forward up to 5 tax years. During each year the company cannot utilize more
than 50% of the loss. Loss from one source (business activity/capital gains) must be utilized within the
same source. It is also possible to reduce the loss by an amount not exceeding PLN 5,000,000 at a
time, the amount not deducted being settled in the remaining years of the five-year period, provided
that the amount of the reduction in any of those years may not exceed 50% of the amount of the loss.

Page 8
Dividend payments
Dividends paid out of profits are taxed at 19% rate. However, exemptions from the EU Parent-
Subsidiary Directive apply.

Minimum tax
The minimum tax will be paid by companies, tax capital groups and permanent establishments of foreign
entrepreneurs, which in the tax year:

▪ Incur a loss from a source of income other than from capital gains, or
▪ Have a share of income from a source income other than from capital gains not less than 2%.

The tax rate is 10%.and the tax base is the sum of:

▪ 1.5% of the value of the company's income other than from capital gains (currently 4%)
▪ costs of debt financing exceeding the value of 30% of the so-called EBITDA
▪ costs of intangible services and royalties

With the alternative method, the rate is 3% (until recently 4%). With this method, the tax base is the
sum of income from the source of income other than capital gains earned by the taxpayer in the tax
year.

A crucial issue regarding the minimum CIT is the suspension of the regulations in this regard in 2023.
Taxpayers will settle this tax for the first time for 2024.

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Incentives

Special Economic Zones

Whole territory of Poland is considered as a Special Economic Zone, however, depending on the region
intensity of public aid is different. General rule is that depending on the volume of investment, number
of employees and additional local requirements, the taxpayer may benefit from tax exemption.
Conditions are established for each taxpayer by a special agency responsible for Special Economic
Zone which after application procedure issues a decision granting exemption in the particular case.

Research and Development (R&D)

Polish CIT act provides for special taxation regime encouraging investments into new technologies.
Main tool is special R&D relief based on which taxpayer can additionally deduct expenses on Research
and Development (R&D), including development of prototypes and pilot projects, demonstration, testing
and validation of new or improved products, processes or services whose main purpose is to improve
the technical Encoding Products.

From 2022, there is an increase of the existing R&D deductions in income taxes from 100% to 200% of
qualified costs as a part of R&D tax relief incurred on employees that covers the costs of staff hired by
taxpayers for R&D purposes.

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Another tax benefit dedicated to the investor is so called IP BOX, according to this regulation
income derived from intellectual property can be preferentially taxed with 5% tax rate.

There are also other tax benefits introduced for different economic sectors and various legal forms.

International aspects

Resident companies

Foreign income and capital gains

Resident companies are subject to tax on their worldwide income and capital gains. Taxable amount is
generally calculated in the same way as in the case of domestic income.

Foreign losses - Losses of foreign permanent establishment (calculated based on Polish tax rules)
may be offset against domestic profits unless, on the basis of an applicable double tax treaty, the
exemption method applies for double tax relief.

Dividend income paid by non-resident company

Dividends paid out of profits are taxed at tax rate of 19% unless rule implementing EU Parent-
Subsidiary Directive applies.

Double taxation relief

No unilateral double taxation relief is provided. Double taxation is relieved only on the basis of tax
treaties.

Non-resident companies

Taxable income
Non-resident companies are taxed only on income derived from Polish sources. They are generally
taxed according to the rules applicable to residents. Income attributable to a Polish permanent
establishment is generally taxed at 19% rate through a tax return (self-assessment).

Withholding tax
Generally, 19% withholding tax or tax security is levied (unless limited under a tax treaty). For interest
and royalty payments EU Interest and Royalties Directive was implemented.

Dividend paid by resident companies to non-resident

Dividends paid out of profits are (unless rules implementing EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive apply)
subject to a 19% final withholding tax, unless a reduced rate applies under a tax treaty.

Page 10
Anti-avoidance rules

Thin capitalization

Starting in 2022, taxpayers are required to exclude from their deductible expenses the cost of debt
financing to the extent that the excess cost of debt financing exceeds either PLN 3 million or 30% of
annual so-called EBITDA indicator. For its determination, an algorithm has been established:

[(P - Po) - (K - Am - Kfd)] × 30%, where:

P - summed up value of revenues from all sources subject to CIT;

Po - revenues of interest nature;

K - sum of tax-deductible costs without taking into account deductions to which one is entitled;

Am - depreciation write-offs included in the tax year to the tax deductible costs;

Kfd - debt financing costs included in the tax year to the tax deductible costs not included in the initial
value of fixed assets and intangible assets, before taking into account deductions to which one is
entitled.

Controlled foreign company

Companies having seat in tax heaven, or in a country with no exchange of information, are treated as
controlled foreign company.

The regulation refers also to companies established abroad deriving at least 33% of passive revenues
like dividends, interests, copyrights, etc. In 2022, there was an expansion of the passive revenue
catalogue to include intangible services provided, such as consulting, accounting, market research,
legal, advertising, management and control, data processing, employee recruitment and acquisition
services, and benefits of a similar nature.

Part of CFC income attributable to Polish parent is taxable in Poland. Under certain conditions foreign
company may be excluded from CFC rules.

Tax avoidance clause

From 2016 every artificial action consisting in the performance of an act primarily in order to achieve a
tax advantage is defined as tax avoidance.

In case of tax avoidance, authorities may reclassify given transaction or action and establish new tax
consequences. Penal consequences may be applied to the person involved in the tax avoidance.

Page 11
Real estate companies

A real estate company is a company having 50 % asset‘s value consisting of real estate located on the
territory of the Republic of Poland and the value of such real estate exceeded PLN 10 mio.

Real estate companies are obliged:

▪ to submit information on their direct and indirect shareholders

▪ act as an income taxpayer in case the seller of shares in this company is a non-resident and
the subject of the sale are shares or stocks giving at least 5 % of votes in the company appoint
a tax representative when the company is not a tax resident in the EU or in another state
belonging to the European Economic Area.

Real estate companies can only recognize depreciation up to the limit set for accounting purposes.
Depreciation and amortization payments made on buildings and dwellings are excluded from tax
expenses.

Report on the implementation of the tax strategy

Tax capital groups and taxpayers whose revenues exceed EUR 50 mil are obliged to prepare and
publish on their website information on the tax strategy implemented for the previous tax year. This
obligation must be fulfilled by the end of the twelfth month following the end of the tax year.

Limited partnership

Since January 1st 2021. limited partnerships have lost their status of tax transparent companies and will
obtain the status of CIT taxpayer. In practice, this change is tax-neutral for general partners, while the
income due to limited partners will be double taxed.

Transfer pricing
At the turn of 2022, Polish transfer pricing regulations were significantly revised. Positive aspects of
these changes include some simplifications for businesses, as well as the elimination of the statement
on the preparation of transfer pricing documentation as a separate document. There has also been a
change in the regulations on transactions with tax havens, in particular, the repeal of the regulations on
indirect haven transactions and an increase in the documentation thresholds for direct haven
transactions. Transfer pricing documentation requirements generally follow the recommendations of the
OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines and the EU Code of Conduct on Transfer Pricing Documentation. In
some cases, country-by-country reporting is used.

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Page 12
Optional settlement methods

Estonian CIT

From 2021, a new system of taxation of capital companies was introduced into the Polish legal system,
the so-called 'Estonian CIT'. Estonian CIT changing the moment of tax payment. Currently, entities pay
CIT on the income earned in a given tax year. In the Estonian CIT model, the tax will be paid only when
the income is distributed, e.g., in the form of a dividend.

The law is addressed to capital companies that meet the following criteria:

▪ The scheme can be used by joint-stock companies, limited liability companies, limited
partnerships, and limited joint-stock partnerships.
▪ The shareholders are exclusively natural persons.
▪ The company has no shares in other entities.
▪ The company employs, apart from the shareholders, at least three employees on the basis of
an employment contract (or incurs monthly salary expenditures in the amount of at least three
times the average monthly salary).
▪ Passive income does not exceed 50% operating income of all company revenues obtained
from its activities in the previous tax year, calculated including the amount of VAT due.

The lump sum on income is paid of the payment of profit and in a different amount than the standard
CIT. For small taxpayers and for taxpayers starting business activity on these principles, it is 10% of
the tax base. In the case of other taxpayers, it is 20% of the tax base.

Small taxpayers

A small taxpayer is a taxpayer whose sales revenue (including the amount of VAT due) did not exceed
EUR 2 mio in the previous tax year. Small taxpayers are entitled to preferential treatment of quarterly
tax settlement, the right to apply 9% tax rate and one-off depreciation of certain fixed assets.

Tax investment fund

Taxpayers meeting the same conditions as in the Estonian CIT are entitled to create and make
deductions to a special investment fund account. The made deduction may be recognized as a tax-
deductible cost.

The condition for the deduction to be recognized as a tax-deductible cost is to make an investment
expenditure. In practice, this solution enables immediate depreciation of fixed assets.

Holding Company

The purpose of introducing the institution of a holding company in the CIT Law in 2022 is to encourage
investors. The main condition for the use of this legal form will be that the holding company holds at
least 10% of the shares in the subsidiary for a minimum of 2 year. The holding company should perform
actual activities constituting business activity, including:

Page 13
 ▪ to have staff, premises, and equipment to conduct this activity,
▪ function based on economic premises,
▪ show proportionality between the conducted activity and the resources possessed,
▪ enter into contracts and agreements that are economically feasible, economically justified and
not manifestly contrary to the general economic interest of the entity.

The institution provides for tax preferences, such as a tax-free sale of shares and an exemption for
100% of dividends received.

Page 14
Taxes on individual income

Personal income tax – rates

The tax rates applicable for income derived in 2023 are:

12%
Is the tax rate for an annual taxable income up to PLN 120,000

PLN 10,800 + 32%

Is the tax rate for an annual taxable income above PLN 120,000

Certain types of income are not aggregated but are subject to a flat rate tax of 19%.

Personal income tax – general information

Residence
Individuals who have their permanent residence or habitual abode in Poland are treated as residents.
An individual has his habitual abode in Poland if he/ she is present in Poland for at least 183 days
(in aggregation) in a calendar year (except individuals who stay there for the purposes of studying,
receiving medical treatment, or who cross the borders of Poland on a daily basis or in the agreed upon
intervals exclusively for the purposes of performance of his/her dependent activity, the source of which
is located in the territory of Poland).

All other individuals are treated as non-residents.

Taxable income
Individuals who are residents for tax purposes in Poland are taxable on their worldwide income.

Taxable income of an individual is usually calculated by aggregating the separate net results of the
following income categories:

Page 15
 ▪ employment income
▪ business activity
▪ independent professional activities and income from the use of work and art performance
▪ rental income
▪ sale of real property
▪ income from capital
▪ other income (e.g. income from occasional activities).

Specific exemptions and deductions apply for the purposes of determining the net result of each income
category.

Tax period
Calendar year is settlement period for individual taxation.

Tax assessment
Taxpayers deriving income that is included in the aggregate income have to file an income tax return
by April 30th in the year following the tax year (self-assessment).

Losses
Tax losses generated from business activities and other independent professional activities may only
be set off against income derived from those types of activity. Losses that could not have been set off
may be carried forward for the maximum period of 5 years. Up 50% of loss may be utilized in a given
year. It is also possible to reduce the loss by an amount not exceeding PLN 5,000,000 at a time, the
amount not deducted being settled in the remaining years of the five-year period, provided that the
amount of the reduction in any of those years may not exceed 50% of the amount of the loss.

PIT advance payments

Individuals who conduct business have to make tax advance payments till the 20 th day of the following
month.

In the case of employment income, the employer is obliged to remit the tax not later than on the 20th
day of the month following the month the wages were paid out.

Page 16
Allowances

Personal allowances

The amounts of personal income tax and contributions owed in Poland are presented in the tables
below.

Basis for tax calculation Tax amounts to Tax allowance

Up to PLN 120,000 12% - amount decreasing the tax minus the amount reducing the tax

PLN 10,800 + 32% of surplus over

Above PLN 120,000 minus the amount reducing the tax
PLN 120,000

The amount reducing the tax is PLN 3 600. The tax-free amount (the annual earnings limit on which no
PIT is payable, provided the amount is not exceeded) is PLN 30 000.Income derived by the individual
until 26 years old from employment contracts are not taxed.

Credits

In Poland childcare relief can be claimed. The standard deduction is PLN 1,112.04 per child (PLN 92.67
monthly). This relief is prorated in cases where the child was with the parent for only part of the year
and covers:

▪ children under the age of 18

▪ children who have been granted care allowance under Polish regulations, irrespective of their
age
▪ children under the age of 25 having the status of students.

This relief may be applied under the condition that the child did not earn any income other than tax-
exempt under Polish tax regulations, or a family disability pension, or other income in the amount that
does not trigger a tax liability.

International aspects

Resident individuals

Foreign source income

Resident individuals are subject to tax on their worldwide income. Taxable amount is generally
calculated in the same way as in the case of domestic income.

Page 17
Dividend income
Dividends paid out of profits are subject to a 19% withholding tax, unless a reduced rate applies under
a tax treaty.

Double taxation relief

Income earned from employment performed abroad is subject in Poland to tax credit (if DTT does not
state differently). If DTT envisages exemption in Poland, taxpayer calculates tax only on the part of
income derived in Poland. However, the tax is calculated using rate as if an entire income was taxable.

Non-resident individuals

Taxable income
Non-resident individuals are taxed only on their income derived from Polish sources. Employment
income derived by non-residents from employment performed in Poland for a period not exceeding 183
days in 12 consecutive months is exempt. The exemption does not apply to activities performed by
artistes or sportsmen, or through a permanent establishment. The income of non-residents is generally
taxed according to the rules applicable to residents unless a law or a tax treaty provides otherwise.

Personal allowances
Non-residents are entitled to personal allowance (see above). If certain conditions are met non-
residents are entitled to the dependant-spouse allowance.

Withholding tax
Generally, 19% withholding tax or tax security is levied (unless limited under a tax treaty).

Dividend income
Dividends paid out of profits are subject to a 19% withholding tax unless a reduced rate applies under
a tax treaty.

Page 18
Value-added tax

VAT – rates

23%
is the standard VAT rate.

8%
is the reduced VAT rate.

5%
is the reduced VAT rate.

0%
is the VAT rate on the export of goods and services.

Intra-Community supplies of goods are zero rated under certain conditions.

VAT – general information

Legislation
The VAT rules are based on the principles of the Council Directive 2006/112/EC on the Common
System of Value Added Tax.

Taxable person
Legal entities and individuals that carry on an economic activity.

Page 19
Taxable event
▪ Supply of goods and services for consideration within the territory of Poland by taxable persons
acting as such
▪ Intra-Community acquisition of goods for consideration within the territory of Poland from
another EU Member State and
▪ Import of goods to Poland

Taxable amount
Total consideration charged for the supply, excluding VAT but including any excise duties or other taxes
and fees.

Tax period
Month or quarter (small taxpayers only).

Tax assessment
Periodical VAT returns (monthly or quarterly, by the 25th day of the following month/quarter).

The amount of VAT liability consists of the VAT due on supply of goods and services carried out by the
entrepreneur less input VAT of the same period. In addition, taxable person carrying out intra-
Community supplies or supplying services according to the basic rule for B2B services has to file an
EC Sales List (that shows the VAT identification numbers of his business partners and the total value
of all the supplies of goods and services performed by the entrepreneur) on a monthly basis depending.

VAT registration
The threshold for mandatory VAT registration for taxable person with registered office, place of business
or fixed establishment in Poland is sales turnover of PLN 200,000 attained in the period of 12 previous
consecutive months.

Voluntary VAT registration is possible. In case of intra-community acquisition of goods from another
EU-Member state, the taxable person not registered for VAT has to register for VAT before the first
transaction. A taxable person (not registered as a VAT payer) has to register and pay output VAT or to
report the supply of service in EC Sales List if the place of delivery for that service is:

▪ following the Article 44 of the Directive 2006/112/EC

▪ located in another EU-Member state as is the EU-Member state of supplier of that service.

VAT registration is mandatory for foreign taxable persons without registered office or fixed
establishment in Poland before it carries out activity which is subject to VAT in Poland and where the
reverse-charge mechanism does not apply.

A foreign taxable person that makes distance-sales (mail order business) in Poland to any person that
is not registered for VAT in Poland has to register for VAT in Poland before the net value of the goods
reaches PLN 160,000 in a calendar year.

Page 20
VAT group registration
As of 2023, the regulations governing the formation and operation of VAT groups in Poland came into
force. This new tax law institution provides for a legal form of interaction between a group of taxpayers
with close financial, economic and organizational ties, which, if they choose to do so, will be merged
into one new taxpayer for VAT purposes.

In other words, in the case of several taxpayers with capital, business and personal ties, it
will be possible for them to merge for VAT purposes in such a way that, from a VAT
perspective, they will lose their previous separateness as VAT taxpayers independent of
each other and become one new VAT taxpayer.

At the same time, all supplies of goods and services between members of the VAT group will be neutral
for VAT purposes, and not as before these transactions were subject to normal documentation and
settlement for VAT purposes, additionally taking into account the provisions on transactions with related
parties.

On the other hand, supplies of goods and services by an entity in the VAT group to an entity outside
the VAT group will be made by the VAT group. On the other hand, supplies of goods and services to
an entity in the VAT group by an entity outside the VAT group will be made to the VAT group.

One-stop shop (OSS and IOSS)From 1 July 2021, an extended form of the MOSS procedure (an
electronic system allowing businesses supplying to consumers (B2C) to declare and pay VAT), i.e. One
Stop Shop (OSS) and Import One Stop Shop (IOSS) apply.

Under the EU's OSS procedure, VAT due can be accounted for on:

▪ services supplied to consumers in Member States where the supplier is not established (B2C);
▪ Intra-Community distance selling of goods;
▪ domestic supplies facilitated by operators of electronic interfaces, recognised as suppliers.

Under the non-EU OSS procedure, it will be possible to account for VAT due on services supplied to
consumers in Member States (B2C).

Under the IOSS procedure, it will be possible to account for the VAT due on distance sales of imported
goods (in a consignment of a value not exceeding EUR 150) to the Member State of consumption
(various Member States, including PL), via the Member State of identification (PL).

The One-Stop Shop makes it easier for businesses selling goods and services to final consumers
across the EU to fulfil their VAT obligations by allowing them to:

▪ register electronically for VAT in a single Member State for all eligible sales of goods and
services to final to customers located in all other 26 Member States;
▪ to submit their returns to a one-stop shop for VAT and make a single payment of output VAT
on all those sales of goods and services;
▪ to cooperate with the tax administration of the Member State in which they are registered for
the one-stop shop and to deal with them in a single language, despite the fact that they sell
throughout the EU.

Page 21
The National System of e-Invoices
KSeF, or the National e-Invoice System, can be called the central invoice database. It is an ICT system
administered by the National Tax Administration for issuing and receiving structured e-invoices. It has
been in operation since July 1, 2022. It is currently voluntary. However, from 2024 it will be a mandatory
system.

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Page 22
Other taxes

Taxes on capital

Transaction Tax (PCC)

Certain civil law transactions are subject to this tax, among others:

▪ sale of things or rights

▪ exchange of things or rights
▪ loan
▪ mortgage
▪ an Articles of Association.

The tax refers to non-professional transactions, when a transaction falls under VAT the tax does not
apply.

Typically, the tax is levied as percentage of the value of transaction, e.g. sale of real property or loan
are taxed at 2%.

Real estate tax

This tax is levied on land, buildings, apartment and constructions related to business activity. In case
of business-related estates, the rates are higher. The maximum rate of the business land tax is PLN
1,16 per m2, whereas in a private case it’s PLN 0.61 per m2. In case of buildings, business related
space is subject to the rate of PLN 28,78 per m2. Apartment space is taxed at PLN 1,00 per m2.

Municipalities may decrease these rates in accordance with local resolutions.

Exit tax

The introduction of the exit tax into the Polish tax system, starting in 2019, is due to the obligation to
implement Directive (EU) 2016/1164, adopted in 2016. An important premise of the exit tax is the
taxation of unrealized gains in connection with the transfer of one's assets to another country. Tax will

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 also be due in the event of a change in the taxpayer's residency status, which deprives Poland of
taxation on income that arises in connection with the disposal of an individual's assets.

The general idea behind the introduction of exit tax was to cover only assets with a value exceeding
PLN 4 million. This applies in the case of transferring assets abroad.

The rate of exit tax is equal to 19% and 3%.

The change in the PIT is the extension of the exit tax deadline to:

▪ the seventh day of the month following the month in which the taxpayer lost all or part of the
assets subject to this tax, if the loss of all or part of the assets occurred before December 1,
2023, and.
▪ December 31, 2023 in other cases.

Other business-related taxes

Motor vehicle tax

Levied on motor vehicles and trailers in categories L, M, N, and O if registered in Poland

and used for business purposes.

Excise duties

Excise duties are levied on mineral oil, beer, wine, spirits, electricity, coal, natural gas and
tobacco products.

Customs duties

Goods imported from non-EU countries are subject to import customs clearance.

Sugar tax

Sugar tax is levied on the trade of beverages containing sugar, sweeteners, caffeine and
taurine.

Disclaimer

Please note that our publications have been prepared for general guidance on the matter and do not represent a
customized professional advice. Furthermore, because the legislation is changing continuously, some of the
information may have been modified after the publication has been released. Accace does not take any responsibility
and is not liable for any potential risks or damages caused by taking actions based on the information provided herein.

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Complex solutions for your
taxes in the Poland

Manage the risks and get your business to the next level by having access to our local team of tax
experts, with deep insight into local legislation and best practices fitting the market. Whether you are
seeking to enter the Polish market or improve the value of your current business operations, we are
ready to provide you with an all-round-care and solutions you need.

Our service portfolio offers:

▪ Tax registrations with the Polish authorities for CIT, VAT, VAT refunds and other taxes,
including consultation
▪ Assistance with any inquiries from the Polish tax offices, representation in communication and
dispute resolution
▪ Tax compliance and filings, preparation and submission of statutory tax returns
▪ Processing of tax liability payments to local authorities
▪ Guidance and support by internal and external tax audits
▪ International tax advisory
▪ Filing of Polish VAT returns to meet all your statutory requirements
▪ Transfer pricing services
▪ Transactions services, M&A tax and legal structuring, due diligence
▪ Personal income tax, filing of tax returns and of other statutory reporting obligations for social
security and health insurance
▪ Non-resident and global mobility services: creation of the tax-efficient employment structures
for non-residents, evaluation of the tax filing requirements of the home country and the foreign
country, preparation and filing of tax returns for non-residents in Poland, payroll calculation
and HR administration services for expatriates in Poland and others

Get all your needs sorted

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 Contact us in Poland
poland@accace.com
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About Accace Poland

Accace Poland is a proactive outsourcing and consultancy partner providing all-round support based on
a holistic approach to businesses. As part of a global group, a leader in the CEE markets, we combine
smart technology solutions with the knowledge and practical experience of over 800 local experts. Our
global potential and care for the top quality allow us to go beyond standards and offer innovative services
to over 2,000 clients, regardless of the industry and the scale of business.

About Accace Group

Accace is a proactive consultancy and outsourcing partner who bridges the gap between needs and
solutions. Combining smart and streamlined technology with a holistic approach, we provide an all-round
care to clients and consider their matters as our own. With over 800 experts and more than 2,000
customers, we have vast experience with facilitating the smooth operation and growth of small to large-
scale, global businesses.

Accace operates internationally as Accace Circle, a co-created business community of like-minded BPO
providers and advisors who deliver outstanding services with elevated customer experience and erase
the borders of service delivery. Covering over 50 jurisdictions with nearly 2,500 professionals, we support
more than 15,000 customers, mostly mid-size and international Fortune 500 companies from various
sectors, and process at least 200,000 pay slips globally.

More about us: www.accace.com | www.circle.accace.com | www.accace.pl

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