POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY 21EEL55

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 9

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EXPT. NO: 01 DATE:

STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR

AIM: To study the V-I characteristics of SCR and finding the latching current &
holding current

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Particulars Range Quantity

1 SCR module with power supply --- 1
2 Gate Source (in built) 0 – 15 V 1
3 Anode to Cathode source 0 – 30 V 1
4 Voltmeter 0 – 20 V 1
5 Voltmeter 0 – 50 V 1
6 Milliammeter 0 – 20 mA 1
7 Milliammeter 0 – 500 mA 1
8 Variable resistor (R1) 0 – 2.5 kΩ 1
9 Variable resistor (R2) 0 – 10 kΩ 1

TABULAR COLUMN:
For Ig = _____ mA
S. No.. Voltage (VAK) in volts Current (IAK) in amps

PROCEDURE:

I. MEASUREMENT OF GATE CURRENT

1) Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2) Keep V1=10 V with Vg=0 and R1=R2= 0.
3) Now with V1 on Vg is varied such that device is in verge of conduction indicated
by 0.002 A.
4) Note down the current reading read by (0–20 mA) ammeter.
5) Switch OFF the Vg without varying Vg knob.

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II. OBTAINING V–I CHARACTERISTICS

1) Switch ON Vg with knob set to initial gate current, now SCR is in verge of
conduction state. Slowly vary the V1 knob by increasing VAK and note down
current IAK at every step.
2) At one particular level of current (IAK), VAK drops to a very low value and
continues to remain at that low voltage. Note down all those intermediate
readings.
3) Plot the graph with VAK against IAK readings to get V–I characteristics of SCR.

III. TO FIND HOLDING CURRENT (IH)

1) With V1=10 V, Vg=0 and R1=R2= 0, turn ON Vg supply such that VAK read on
voltmeter shows the conduction voltage indicating SCR turn ON state (0.7 V).
2) Put OFF the gate input switch and go on reducing V1 knob in steps to reduce VAK
voltage till sometime when IAK drops suddenly to zero. Thus previous current
value of IAK before it drops to zero is Holding Current.

IV. TO FIND LATCHING CURRENT (IL)

1) With V1=10V, Vg=0 and R1=R2= 0, turn ON Vg supply with varying Vg knob
note down VAK such that SCR gets into conduction state with VAK voltage around
0.8 V.
2) Turn OFF the Vg and note down current IAK. If IAK is zero, then previous reading
of IAK is the Latching Current. If not follow the next step.
3) Turn ON Vg. Later, reduce VAK in small steps by reducing V1 and keeping Vg
turned OFF. Note down IAK. If it is found zero, then the previous reading of IAK is
the Latching Current. If not repeat step 3.
4) Observe and verify that always Latching Current is more than Holding Current.

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NATURE OF GRAPH:

CONCLUSION:
ON state resistance of SCR (Ron) = _______ Ω

Holding Current (IH) = ______ mA

Latching Current (IL) = ______ mA

At gate current Ig1 = _______ mA the break over voltage VBO1 = ______ V and

At gate current Ig2 = _______ mA the break over voltage VBO2 = ______ V

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CIRCUIT DIARGAM:

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 14

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EXPT. NO: 02(a) DATE:

STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET

AIM: To obtain the Output Characteristics and Transfer Characteristics of MOSFET

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Item and its Type Range Quantity

1 MOSFET module with power supply --- 1
2 Gate Source (in built) 0 – 15 V 1
3 Drain to source voltage 0 – 30 V 1
4 Voltmeter 0 – 20 V 1
5 Voltmeter 0 – 50 V 1
6 Milliammeter 0 – 20 mA 1

TABULAR COLUMN:

Output Characteristics
VGS1 = ______ V VGS2 = _______ V
VDS (V) ID (mA) VDS (V) ID (mA)

Transfer Characteristics
VDS1 = ______ V VDS2 = _______ V
VGS (V) ID (mA) VGS (V) ID (mA)

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SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

Transconductance (gm) = ID / VGS (at VDS = constant)….mho

Drain Resistance (RD) = VDS / ID….

PROCEDURE:
I. OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
1) Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2) Vg is turned on and varied such that VGS is set at different values each time until
small current is read on milliammeter.
3) For each setting of VGS, note down ID and VDS values by varying drain supply V1
in steps.
4) Plot graph of ID v/s VDS at fixed VGS.
5) Find RDS = VDS / ID for different drain characteristics.

II. TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS

1) Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2) VDS is set to different values say 10V, 12V, 15V each time by varying V 1 supply
voltage.
3) For each setting of VDS note down ID, by varying Vg supply voltage.
4) Once the milliammeter reads small current (0.001 mA) corresponding voltage is
threshold voltage, slowly vary VGS by varying Vg knob and note down ID.
5) Plot graph of ID v/s VGS at fixed VDS.
6) Find transfer conductance using gm = ID / VGS for VDS constant.

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NATURE OF GRAPH:
Output Characteristics

Transfer Characteristics

CONCLUSION:
The Transconductance (gm) = ______________ mho
The Drain Resistance (RD) = ______________ 

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 18

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EXPT. NO: 02(b) DATE:

STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF IGBT

AIM: To obtain the Output Characteristics and Transfer Characteristics of IGBT

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Item & its Type Range Quantity

1 IGBT module with power supply --- 1
2 Gate Source (in built) 0 – 15 V 1
3 Collector to Emitter supply voltage 0 – 30 V 1
4 Voltmeter 0 – 20 V 1
5 Voltmeter 0 – 50 V 1
6 Milliammeter 0 – 20 mA 1

TABULAR COLUMN:

Output Characteristics
VGE1 = ______ V VGE2 = _______ V
VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA)

Transfer Characteristics
VCE1 = ______ V VCE2 = _______ V
VGE (V) IC (mA) VGE (V) IC (mA)

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SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

Trans conductance (gm) = IC / VGE…..mho

Output Resistance (Ro) = VCE / IC (at VGE = constant)…..

PROCEDURE:

I. OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
1) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2) Set VGE to a constant value by varying Vg until small current is read by
milliammeter.
3) Vary VCE in steps by varying V1 and note the corresponding value of IC.
4) Repeat the above procedure for different values of VGE.
5) Plot a graph of VCE v/s IC for fixed value of VGE.

II. TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS

1) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2) Keep VCE constant say between 10 V, 12 V, 15 V each time by varying supply
volt. V1.
3) Vary VGE in steps by varying Vg and note down IC in each step.
4) Once the milliammeter reads small current (0.001 mA) corresponding voltage is
threshold voltage, slowly vary VGE by varying Vg knob and note down IC.
5) Repeat the above procedure for different values of VCE.
6) Plot graph of VGE v/s IC at fixed VCE.

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NATURE OF GRAPH:
Output Characteristics

Transfer Characteristics

CONCLUSION:
Output Resistance (Ro) = _________ 

Trans conductance (gm) = _________ mho

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 23

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EXPT. NO: 03 DATE:

STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIAC

AIM: To study the V-I Characteristics and finding the Latching current & Holding
current of TRIAC

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Item & its Type Range Quantity

1 TRIAC module with power supply --- 1
2 Gate Source (in built) 0 – 15 V 1
3 Anode to Cathode source 0 – 30 V 1
4 Voltmeter 0 – 20 V 1
5 Voltmeter 0 – 50 V 1
6 Milliammeter 0 – 20 mA 1
7 Milliammeter 0 – 500 mA 1
8 Variable resistor (R1) 0 – 2.5 kΩ 1
9 Variable resistor (R2) 0 – 10 kΩ 1

TABULAR COLUMN:

First quadrant operation when both V1 Third quadrant operation when both V1
and Vg are positive and Vg are negative
For Ig = _____ mA For Ig = _____ mA
Voltage (VAK) Current (IAK) Voltage (VAK) Current (IAK)
S. No. S. No.
in volts in amps in volts in amps

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PROCEDURE:

I. MEASUREMENT OF GATE CURRENT

1) Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2) Set V1=10 V with Vg=0 and R1=R2= 0.
3) Now with V1 on Vg is varied such that device is in verge of conduction indicated
by 0.004 A.
4) Note down the current reading read by (0–20 mA) ammeter.
5) Switch OFF the ‘ON’ switch on Vg without varying Vg knob.
6) Reduce V1 knob to zero and put OFF the switch on V1 side. The noted gate
current is the required gate current.

II. OBTAINING V–I CHARACTERISTICS

1) Switch ON Vg with knob set to initial gate current, now TRIAC is in verge of
conduction state. Slowly vary the V1 knob by increasing VAK voltage and note
down IAK current at every step.
2) At one particular level of current (IAK), VAK drops to a very low value and
continues to remain at that low voltage. Note down all those intermediate
readings.
3) Plot the graph with VAK against IAK readings to get V–I characteristics of TRIAC.

III. TO FIND HOLDING CURRENT (IH)

1) With V1=10 V, Vg=0 and R1=R2=0, turn ON Vg supply such that VAK read on
voltmeter shows the conduction voltage indicating TRIAC turn on state (0.7 V).
2) Put off the gate input switch and go on reducing V1 knob in steps to reduce VAK
voltage till sometime when IAK drops suddenly to zero. Thus previous current
value of IAK before it drops to zero is Holding Current.

IV. TO FIND LATCHING CURRENT (IL)

1) With V1=10 V, Vg=0 and R1=R2=0, turn ON Vg supply with varying Vg knob
note down VAK such that TRIAC gets into conduction state with VAK voltage
around 0.8 V.

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2) Turn OFF the Vg and note down IAK. If IAK reads zero, then previous reading read
by IAK is Latching Current. If not, follow next step.
3) Turn ON Vg, reduce VAK in small step by reducing V1 and turn OFF Vg, Note
down IAK, if it turns zero, then the previous current value read by IAK is the
Latching Current. If not, repeat step 3.
4) Always Latching Current is more than Holding Current.

NATURE OF GRAPH:

CONCLUSION:
First quadrant operation when both V1 and
Vg are positive
Holding Current IH = ______ amps
Latching Current IL = ______ amps
Third quadrant operation when both V1 and
Vg are negative
Holding Current IH = ______ amps
Latching Current IL = ______ amps

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 26

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Equivalent circuit of UJT

Main Circuit Diagram

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 28

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EXPT. NO: 04 DATE:

SCR TRIGGERING USING UJT RELAXATION

OSCILLATOR
AIM: To study the turn on of SCR using synchronized UJT relaxation oscillator

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Particulars Range Quantity

1 UJT relaxation oscillator module --- 1
2 Rheostat 200 Ω / 2 A 1
3 CRO 0 – 30 MHz 1
4 Multimeter --- 1

TABULAR COLUMN:

S. No. Firing angle (α) Conduction angle (β=180-α) Output voltage (Vo)

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:
Therefore firing angle = = __________ degrees

Where,
x = Number of sub-divisions from reference to the starting point of output or load voltage
waveform.
y = Total number of sub-divisions for half cycle from reference.

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PROCEDURE:
1) Make connections as per the circuit diagram.
2) Switch ON the supply.
3) Observe the waveforms at different test points (across rectifier o/p, regulator and
base point of UJT).
4) Observe the waveforms and note down their corresponding readings at different
points in circuits.
5) Supply anode to cathode of SCR with alternate voltage.
6) Vary triggering angle or firing angle of SCR and note down the supply voltage
across the load.
7) Switch OFF the supply and plot the graphs.

NATURE OF GRAPH:

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NATURE OF WAVEFORMS:

CONCLUSION:
Frequency response of a second order system gives information on transient and steady
state behavior with more experimental case as compared to time response method.
Frequency response of higher order system gives information on transient and steady
state behavior and relative stability of the system.
Results and Conclusions
 SCR can be triggered using UJT relaxation oscillator
 Output DC voltage varies inversely with firing angle (α)

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SCR Triggering Circuit

Digital Firing Circuit

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EXPT. NO: 05 DATE:

DIGITAL TRIGGERING CIRCUIT FOR A SINGLE

PHASE HALFWAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

AIM: To study the digital firing mechanism of SCR

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Item & its Type Range Quantity

1 Digital firing circuit module --- 1
2 UJT triggering module --- 1
3 CRO and probe --- 1+1
(use only SCR and Supply)
4 Isolation transformer --- 1
5 Connecting wires --- Required quantity
6 Multimeter --- 1

TABULAR COLUMN:
Conduction Angle
S. No. Firing Angle (deg) Output Voltage (Vout) (volts)
(deg)

PROCEDURE:
1) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2) Switch ON the power supply of the module and note down the waveforms
(reference signal, ZCD output, counter output, oscillator output and pulse
transformer output).
3) Keep the angle selector switch to 180o mode.
4) Connect the output of pulse transformer to gate terminal of SCR, vary the firing
angle using angle selector thumb wheel switch and at each step of variation, note
down the output voltage values and waveforms for SCR firing angle from 0o to 180o.

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5) Switch OFF the supply and disconnect the module.

6) Plot the graph of output voltage v/s firing angle.

NATURE OF GRAPH:

Conclusion
 SCR can be triggered using a digital firing circuit.
 Output DC voltage varies inversely with firing angle (α).

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 35

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Rectifier Circuit with R Load, R-L Load and R-L Load with freewheeling diode

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 37

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EXPT. NO: 06 DATE:

SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

AIM: To study single phase full wave rectifier with R-load and R-L load with and
without freewheeling diode

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Item & its Type Range Quantity

1 Single phase FWR module --- 1
2 Rheostat 1 A / 150 Ω 1
3 Inductive load 150 mH 1
4 Firing module --- 1
5 Isolation transformer --- 1
6 Multimeter --- 1
7 CRO and probe --- 1+1

TABULAR COLUMN:

For Resistive Load

S. No. Firing angle Experimental RMS Vdc (volts) Theoretical Vdc (volts)

For R-L Load Without Freewheeling Diode

S. No. Firing angle Experimental RMS Vdc (volts) Theoretical Vdc (volts)

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For R-L Load with Freewheeling Diode

S. No. Firing angle Experimental RMS Vdc (volts) Theoretical Vdc (volts)

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

1) For Resistive Load

Vo(avg) =

where Vm = maximum value of input AC voltage =

2) For R-L Load without Freewheeling diode

Vo(avg) =

3) For R-L Load with freewheeling diode

Vo(avg) =

PROCEDURE:
1) Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2) Keeping the firing angle to maximum position, switch ON the module.
3) By varying firing module (angle), note down changes in DC output voltage.
4) With loads being resistive and R-L (without and with freewheeling diode), note
down the output voltage values and waveforms.
5) Bring back the firing angle knob to maximum position.
6) Switch OFF the module and disconnect the circuit connection.
7) Plot the graph of output voltage v/s firing angle.

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NATURE OF PLOT:

NATURE OF GRAPH:

CONCLUSION:
 Fully controlled rectifier operation was verified for R-load, RL-load (without
freewheeling diode) and RL-load (with freewheeling diode).
 Output DC voltage is inversely proportional to the firing angle (α).

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
For R load:

For R-L load:

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EXPT. NO: 07 DATE:

AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER USING TRIAC-

DIAC COMBINATION CONNECTED TO R AND
R-L LOADS (LIGHT DIMMER CIRCUIT)
AIM: To study AC voltage controller using TRIAC – DIAC combination connected to
R and R-L load.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Item & its Type Range Quantity

AC voltage controller module (light dimmer
1 --- 1
circuit)
2 Rheostat 200 Ω / 2 A 1
3 Inductor 50 mH 1
4 CRO 0 – 30 MHz 1
5 Multimeter 1

TABULAR COLUMN:
For R – Load
AC o/p voltage AC o/p voltage
S. No. Triggering angle (α)
(Experimental) (Theoretical)

For RL – Load
AC o/p voltage AC o/p voltage
S. No. Triggering angle (α)
(Experimental) (Theoretical)

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SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

1) For R load

Vo(rms) = √

2) For R-L load

Vo(rms) = √

PROCEDURE:
1) Make Connections as per the circuit with R-load.
2) Keeping RF knob to maximum position switch ON the main supply.
3) Vary the firing angle by varying resistor RF and observe the variation in wave
form in CRO, See the output voltage at different firing angles.
4) Measure the firing angle from output voltage waveform displayed on CRO.
5) Tabulate firing angle and measured AC output voltage.
6) Repeat the above steps for RL load also.
7) Turn OFF the power supply.

NATURE OF GRAPH:

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NATURE OF WAVEFORMS:

CONCLUSION:
 AC voltage can be controlled using a TRIAC as a switch.
 AC output voltage varies inversely with firing angle (α).

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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EXPT. NO: 08 DATE:

SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING SINGLE

PHASE SEMICONVERTER MODULE

AIM: To control the speed of separately excited DC motor using single phase
semiconverter module

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Items & its Type Range Quantity

1 DC motor 220 V/1500 rpm 1
2 Semiconverter module --- 1
3 ammeter 0-5 A 1
4 Voltmeter 0-100 V 1
5 Firing module --- 1
6 tachometer --- 1
7 Isolation transformer --- 1

TABULAR COLUMN:

Experimental Theoretical Firing angle Speed

S. No.
Vdc (volts) Vdc (volts) (degrees) (rpm)

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

where Vm =

PROCEDURE:
1) Connections are made as per circuit diagram. Connections are made as per circuit
diagram.
2) Ensure the motor is on no-load. Ensure the motor is on no-load.
3) Keeping firing angle to maximum position, switch ON the supply.

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4) Go on varying the firing angle of SCR’s through triggering module and at each
step of firing angle note down the speed of motor and all meter readings.
5) Take all variation knobs to their original positions.
6) Disconnect the module from supply.
7) Plot the graph of 1) Output voltage v/s firing angle and 2) Speed v/s firing angle.

NATURE OF GRAPH:

CONCLUSION:
 Verified the speed control of DC motor using a semiconverter.
 Output DC voltage is inversely proportional to the firing angle (α).

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Diagram

A1

B1 B2

A2

4-coil permanent magnet stepper motor

4-coil permanent magnet stepper motor

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EXPT. NO: 09 DATE:

SPEED CONTROL OF STEPPER MOTOR

AIM: To study the speed control techniques of the stepper Motor

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Item & its Type Range Quantity

1 Stepper motor --- 1
2 Stepper motor control module --- 1
4 Patch cords --- Required quantity

TABULAR COLUMN:

Expected Sequence Recorded Sequence

Full Step Mode (Forward) (Clockwise)
A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2
1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
Half Step Mode (Forward) (Clockwise)
A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2
1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0

PROCEDURE:
1) Output slots of the control module are connected to input wires of stepper motor
following the colour code for identification.
2) Connect +ve common wire of motor to +ve terminal of power supply.
3) Switch on the power supply of motor control module.

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4) Display on control module shows different settings for speed control operation
S/R – Denotes STEP mode / RPM mode
F/R – Denotes Forward / Reverse operation
H/F – Denotes Half step / Full step operation
5) Make suitable/desired settings using SET key and INC/DEC
(Increment/Decrement) (UP/DOWN) keys.
6) Once required setting is made, press RUN/STOP key which runs the motor as per
the applied settings.
7) RUN the motor under Full step mode in both Forward and Reverse directions and
note down the sequence of pulses with the help of indicating LEDs provided on
the module.
8) Similarly RUN the motor under Half step mode in both Forward and Reverse
directions and note down the sequence of pulses.
9) Verify the sequence of pulses recorded with the sequences already mentioned in
the manual.

CONCLUSION:
 Speed control of stepper motor was tested.
 Sequence of operation for full step and half step mode were also verified.

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, KLS VDIT, Haliyal 53