Epigenetics

Cu hi
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Epigenetics l g? Qu trnh no c coi l epigenetics? Epigenetics c di truyn c khng? Epigenetics di truyn nh th no? C ch, nguyn nhn hnh thnh epigenetics Nhng yu t no nh hng n epigenetics? Nghin cu epigenetics em li li ch g? Ti sao chng ta cn phi nghin cu epigenetics?
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Epigenetics l g?

Epigenetics l g?
mc no , epigenetics c coi l b n cui cng ca di truyn hc. Cc qu trnh sinh hc c iu khin bi cc hin tng di truyn c tnh cht thun nghch.

Khi nim epigenetics

Trong di truyn hc, epigenetics nghin cu nhng thay i v s biu hin gene hoc kiu hnh m c kh nng di truyn qua cc th h nhng khng phi do bin i v trnh t DNA.

Khi nim epigenetics

Khi nim epigenetics c a ra bi Conrad Waddington vo nm 1942. ng m t s tng tc gia cc gene v sn phm gene (kiu hnh). Thut ng ny hin nay c thay i mt cht rt nhiu cch hiu khc nhau v qu trnh ny. Theo quan im chung, epigenetics c hiu l nhng thay i c tnh hp tc v c th di truyn c v mt kiu hnh do cc qu trnh khng lin quan n thay i trnh t DNA.
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Nhng quan im v epigenetics

Bit ha t bo
Bit ha
T phn chia Tim T bo gc Da Gan

Ch l s hot ha hay bt hot ca cc gene c mt trong genome

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Genetics VS Epigenetics

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Qu trnh no c coi l epigenetics?

Paramutation: tng tc gia 2 alelle cng 1 locus gp phn to ra kiu hnh. Ph v quy lut Mendel cng nh hng

Bookmarking: truyn b nh m hnh biu hin gene qua nguyn phn

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Qu trnh no c coi l epigenetics?

Imprinting: s biu hin gene theo dng b hoc m (t 1 alelle ) gene silencing:

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Qu trnh no c coi l epigenetics? X chromosome inactivation:

Cn gi l X-inactivation hay lyonization. y l mt qu trnh 1

trong 2 bn copy ca NST X c mt con ci b bt hot (Xi).

Barr bodies
Chu s kim sot bi 2 gene Xist and Tsix

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Qu trnh no c coi l epigenetics?

Position effect

L qu trnh tc ng ln s biu hin ca mt gene khi m v tr ca n trn NST b thay i. Thng do kt qu ca qu trnh chuyn v tr (translocation).

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Qu trnh no c coi l epigenetics? Reprogramming:

Xa b v ti cu trc li (remodeling) cc v tr nh du epigenetic,

chng hn nh methyl ha DNA trong qu trnh pht trin ca ng vt c v. Th nghim v cu Dolly (clonning) T bo bit ha t bo gc

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Qu trnh no c coi l epigenetics?

Carcinogenesis
S tng tc gia cc oncogene v cc protein c ch s hot ng ca cc oncogene.

Ci bin histon v cu trc d nhim sc

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Cc qu trnh epigenetics

Cc qu trnh epigenetic xy ra rt nhiu loi sinh vt v iu khin hng lot nhng chc nng sinh hc, chng hn s ti sinh m, bt hot NST X, bit ha t bo gc, genomic imprinting, v lo ha. Epigenetics gip lm sng t nhiu bnh, bao gm ung th v cc ri lon min dch, ni tit v h thng thn kinh trung ng.
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C ch qu trnh epigenetics
C 4 c ch epigenetics: Methyl ha DNA (DNA methylation) Ci bin histon (histone modification) Ti cu trc nucleosome (nucleosome remodeling) Thng qua non-coding RNA (non-coding RNA mediated) Cc c ch trn tng tc qua li ln nhau
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Nucleosome Structure
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