1) A device for measuring pressure of atmosphere is known as a:

a) Windscale
b) Compass
c) Barometer*************
d) Blip
e) Shaf

2) Bir teknenin diğer bir tekne üzerine veya rıhtıma, iskeleye yanaşması;
a) Alongside
b) Berthing****************
c) Portside
d) Starboard
e) Afloading

3) Going through water by force of wind with the help of the sails is known as :
a) Navigation
b) Steering
c) Propulsion
d) Sailing********************
e) Manoeuvering

4) Ships in gen
eral are classified into the following three types:
a) warships, merchant vessels, yachts*************
b) passenger ships, merchant vessels, yachts
c) warships, fishing vessels, yachts
d) passenger ships, auxiliary vessels, yachts
e) cargo vessels, merchant vessels, yachts

5) The forepeak tank is used to

a) store fresh water or ballast water.**************
b) store paint, buckets, ropes in.
c) divide the vessel into longitudinal subdivisions.
d) stow the chain cables of the bower anchors.
e) determine the ship’s carrying capacity.

6)The four (4) types of merchant vessels are:

a) Passanger ships—Cargo vessels—Auxiliary vessels—Fishing vessels,***************
b) Warships—Cargo vessels—Auxiliary vessels—Fishing vessels,
c) Passanger ships—Yachts—Auxiliary vessels—Fishing vessels,
d) Passanger ships—Cargo vessels—Dredgers—Fishing vessels,
e) Passanger ships—Cable layers—Auxiliary vessels—Fishing vessels.

7)The most modern kind of lifeboat, dropping or falling into the sea and which is
covered, is a/ an:
a) Inflatable life raft
b) Freefall*********************
c) Lifebelt
d) Liferaft
e) Water proof life boat

8) The starboard bow is the area

a) on the right side of the stem.**************
b) on the right side of the stern.
c) on the left side of the stem.
d) on the left side of the midship line.
e) on either side of the stern.
9)Which of the following can not be a defect a light might have?
a) Destroyed
b) Damaged
c) Unlit
d) Off station
e) Expensive*************

10) A Stopping device in special areas for stopping:

a)loading and discharging operations
b)discharging ballast water
c)discharging oil*******************
d)unintended discharge of chemicals

11) The ability an object to float can be defined by

a) Displacement
b) Gravity
c) Stability
d) Buoyancy**************
e) İnclination

12) Which fire extinguisher can be used all types of fire but it is not cooling
effect?
a) water
b) foam
c) halon
d) dry powder****************
e) halon mixcure

13)Muster list posted before ship sailing

a) engine officers
b) deck officers
c) engine crews
d) each crew member*****************
e) cadets

14) It is prohibited by law that the discharge of untreated sewage in restricted

waters. What word can be used instead of the underlined word?
a) insufficient
b) raw*******
c) refined
d) separated
e) contaminated

15) for extinguish a fire which is not true

a) Smothering
b) Cooling
c) Remove fuel from fire
d) Break the fire equation
e) Put a heat dedector*********

16) A fire can be extinguished by;

a)water
b) foam
c) carbon dioxide
d) sprinkling
e) all********
17) Circulation, vessel, artery are related to...
a) Bone
b) Joint
c) Ribs
d) Fracture
e) Blood**************

18)Which of the following is a cargo handling device?

A) davits
B) derrick**************
C) bitts
D) bollard
E) capstan

19) Flood current

A) Horizontal Current, after low tide from land
B) Horizontal Current, after high tide from land
C) Horizontal Current, high water from sea************
D) Horizontal Current, low water from sea
E) Horizontal Current, neap tide from land

20) Which ones can be started automatically for fire extinction?

I- hyrant
II-Halon
III-Sanitary pumb
IV- Portable foam applicator
V- sprinkler***
a) I-IV
b) V**********
c) II
d) III
e) all

21) Which of the following is major extinguisher A class fire .

a) Water***********
b) CO2
c) Dry chemical
d) Foam
e) all

22) Going through water by force of wind with the help of the sails is know
a) navigation
b) steering
c) propulsion
d) sailing************

23) Hold, ballast and air dry spaces must have visual and audible signals acc to
solas in...
a) Bulk carriers**************
b) Tankers
c) Passsenger
d) Ro-ro
e) passenger roro
24) Which of the following can not be a defect a light might have?
a) Destroyed
b) Damaged
c) Unlit
d) Off station
e) Expensive*******

25) Which of the following equipment can not be used for Fire Fightining?
a) CO2 Fixed System
b) Dry Chemical Powder
c) Hand Flares********
d) Fireman Outfit
e) Fire Alarm

26) Which is not a publication to be kept on board?

a)İnternational code of signals
b)İnt.bulk chemical code
c)İnt.gas carrier code
d)Nautical pubs
e)Muster list**********

27) Which is about insulation.

a)Immersion süit*********
b)Lifebuoy
c)Lifejacket
d)mob
e)all

28) Which term refers to a transverse curvature of the deck?

a) Deadrise
b) Camber**************
c) Freeboard
d) Sheer
e) Frame

29) Device of attaching a vessel to the sea bed, and holding her statioary.
a)anchor**********
b)crane
c)bolt
d)chain
e)cable stoper

30) The saving or rescue of a ship or its cargo.

a)pilotage
b)mooring
c)berthing
d)salvage***********
e)towing

31) Which is not a smothering technique?

a) sprinkling********
b) dilution
c) emulsifying
d) separation
e) mixing
32) Different dangerous good are considered in campatible if their stowage
together may result in undue hazard in the case of leakage, spillage or any other
accidents. Which of the following measures can be used to prevent above
mentioned hazards.
a)discrepancy
b)segregation********
c)disorder
d)decontamination
e)allotmen

33) Chose the incorrect sentence

a) Let's not tell anyone
b) you are to report for duty immediately
c) could you possibly lend me a hand with this car?
d) Lets go by taxi shall we?Yes let's do so
e) switchboard is to manned at all times****

34) Beams are cambered to .

a) increase their strength
b) provide drainage from the decks*******
c) relieve deck stress
d) All of the above

35) What represents poor sanitary procedures?

A) Keep and use a separate filling hose for potable (drinking) water.
B) Locate potable (drinking) water tanks as low as possible in the bilge.************
C) Eliminate enclosed spaces in which trash, food particles, dirt may gather.
D) After washing dishes with soap and warm water, sterilize them in water of at least 170°F (76.7°C)

36) In what do class C fires occur?

a) combustible metals
b) electrical equipment*********
c) wood, paper, cloth etc.
d) vapour of flammable liquids
e) fuel oil or lubrication oil

37) What does the term "head" mean when applied to a fire pump?
a. Length of the discharge pipe
b. Height of the discharge pipe
c. Difference between the discharge and suction pressures********
d. Sum of discharge and suction pressures

38) What, when removed, will result in the extinguishment of a fire?

a. Nitrogen
b. Sodium
c. Oxygen************
d. Carbon dioxide

39) What is NOT a motion of the vessel? (motion = hareket)

a. Pitch
b. Roll
c. Trim******
d. Yaw
40) Which of the followings is the volumetric capacity of a ship?
a.Deadweight
b.Lightweight
c.Gross tonnage************
d.Displacement
e.Full Loaded Displacement

41) Which is not weather precipitation?

a) Sleet
b) Hail
c) Halo*******
d) Snow
e) Rain

42) The ability an object to float can be defined by

a) Displacement
b) Gravity
c) Stability
d) Buoyancy******
e) İnclination

43) Which of the following is not one of the commands to be given when the
machine is half ahead?
a) full ahead
b) dead slow ahead
c) stop engine
d) half astern*********

44)The measurement of the enclosed volume of a ship used to describe Cargo

capacity is:
a) net tonnage************
b) load displacement
c) tonnage
d) light displacement
e) deadweight

45) What is another name for the boom of a crane?

a) Jib*********
b) Lift
c) Elevator
d) Stell
e) Luff
46) Gemiadamlarinin kamaralarinda ____________________ can yelegi giyeceği
hakkında bilgi vardir.
(you have to know ________ to wear life jacket)
a) why
b) how*****
c) when

47) The force or speed of a ___________ is measured by an anemometer.

a) precipitation
b) hail
c) fog
d) wind*****
e) pressure
48) The joint formed when two steel shell plates are placed longitudinally side to
side is called a __________.
A bevel
B bond
C strake
D Seam******

49) Depth are measured from chart ______ which is related to the local sea level.
a) Datum*******
b) Information
c) Line
d) Scale
e) Symbol

50) The emergency __________ consist of seven short blast followed by

prolonged blast
a) Drill
b) Alarm******
c) Ring
d) Procedure
e) Response Plan

51) ‘’To avast’’ means _________.

A- to stop*******
B- to let go
C- to pull
D- to slack off
E- to haul quickly

52) Trainig in fire-fighting procedures and maintenance of equipment should be

assured ____________ .
A- by regular drills*********
B- after arriving at destination
C- before arriving at a port
D- when a new crewmember requests
E- when there is an emergency

53) ____________ is the carrying capacity in weight and it includes the cargo the
fuel water
a)the deadweight*********
b)net tonnage
c)gross tonnage
d)net register tonnage
e)gross register tonnage

54) Every gas dedection on board must be sent to shore facility to be tested and
_____________ annually.
A- renewed
B- overhauled
C- calibrated*******
D- lubricated
E- meger test
55) For ship's good condition demostration ________ and fitted, resposible
person and charge of men working-keeping
a) Maintenance*****
b) Repeair
c) dry Docked

56) _______ is to elliminate the heat side of the fire by applying something that
will absorb the heat
a) Smothering
b) Cooling********
c) Smouldering
d) Prevating
e) Diluting

57) An instrument used for measuring the __________ of the air is called a
hygrometer
a) Pressure
b) Heat
c) Air pressure
d) Speed
e) Humidity*******

58) Depts on charts indicated by ________.

a) Colours
b) Symbols
c) Numbers*****

59) A ships size capasity can be described two ways linear dimensions or
________ .
a) Tonnage********
b) Length
c) Length overall
d) Draft
e) Width

60) The safety stopper that prevents the anchor cable from running free if the
cable jumps the wildcat is the ___________.
A buckler Plate
B devil's claw
C spill pipe
D riding pawl******

61) Metal Plates that cover the top of the hawsepipe are called __________.
A buckler Plates****
B stop waters
C plugs
D footings

62) Ballast kept in tanks seperated from cargo pipes and tanks is called
_________ Balast.
a) Permanent
b) Dirty
c) Clean
d) Segregated******
63) To ___________ broken arms and legs, it is neccessary to wear
______________.
a)Fall-safety boots
b)Prevent - safety boots************
c)Slip-safety googles
d)Protect-hard hat
e)suffer-safety gloves

64)When steel is in contact with water, air or salt solutions, it undergoes a

chemical change known as ________.
a) Coating
b) Bitumen
c) Rusting*********
d) Cement
e) Deteriration

65) What equipment for fog signals is required for a vessel 13 meters in
____________________ .
a)whistle only
b)whistle and bell**********
c)bell only
d)bell and gong
e)whistle, bell and gong

66) Before using a fixed co2 system to fight an engine room fire, you must
________________________.
a) Call Master to engine room.
b) Wait for shore support.
c) Evacaute all engine room personel***********
d) Close Quick Close Valves.
e) Inform shore authorities

67) The biggest problem you generally encounter while towing a single tow
astern is _________________.
a) the catenary dragging on the bottom
b) swamping of the tow
c) the tow tending to dive
d) Yaw*********

68) cone, sphere, spar‘ indicate buoy‘s _____________ .

A) shape*******
B) location
C) function
D) signals
E) position

69)Strengh of deck will be incerease with adding _____________________ .

a) sheer
b) camber
c) coaming
d) deck beam breachet*************
e) funnel
70) Before apply first layer of paint, last particles on bare metal removed with
________________ line
a) Flat Brush
b) Wire Brush*************
c) Chipping Brush
d) hammer
e) Brush hammer

71) ______________ is the part of the vessel that increases the speed.
a) Propeller
b) Rudder
c) Bulb***********
d) Ballast
e) Forepeak tank

72) A ship‘s position may be found by a __________ .

a) knots
b) navtex
c) GPS***********
d) cable
e) gmdss

73) Air draught means the same as ____________ .

a) weight
b) length
c) height**************
d) width
e) size

74) Atmospheric pressure is usually given in ____________ .

a) minibars
b) minimum
c) millenium
d) miles
e) milibar************

75) Displacement Tonnage of a ship is _____________________________ .

a) The weight that a ship carries, when it is fully loaded with cargo,
b) The amount of water spilled out by a ship, when it floats at a specific condition,*******
c) The total volume of all the closed spaces of a ship,
d) The sum of all weights including the cargo,
e) None of the above

76) Fire-fighting equipment ________________________________ .

a) should be regularly checked.**********
b) might be driven
c) must be drawn
d) is loaded
e) is used for keeping liquid for foods

77) If the weight of a floating ship is greater than the weight of equal volume of
water displaced by the ship, the ship will ___________ .
a) float
b) tilt
c) list
d) sink********* batmak
e) capsize
78) In certain fairways you must maintain a speed of ten knots exactly. The name
given to this speed is ____________ .
a) quick speed
b) heart attack
c) fast speed
d) increased speed
e) fairway speed************

79)Master transmitted a distress alert ___________ Inm-C which was quickly

acknowledged.
a) for
b) through
c) via***********
d) beneath
e) beyond

80) Merchant vessels do not include _________________ .

a) sport crafts***********
b) reefers.
c) auxiliary vessels.
d) divers boats.
e) dredgers.

81)The force or speed of a ____________ is measured by an anemometer.

a) precipitation
b) hail
c) fog
d) wind************
e) pressure

82) The mechanical barrel around which lines and wires are turned is a
____________ .
a) buoy
b) barrel
c) capstan**********
d) captain
e) waist

83) The opening to the hold from the upper deck is called a/an ___________ .
a) hatch*******
b) boom
c) derrick
d) upper peak
e) iner bottom

84) The rudder fitted at the stern of the ship is turned by a ______________ .
a) steering engine*****
b) figure
c) compass
d) report
e) watch
85)The space between the holds and the bottom of the hull contains _________
used for ballast water and fuel.
a) tweendecks
b) double bottom tanks********
c) cargo-carrying compartments
d) fore peak tank
e) aft peak tank

86) Watertight bulkheads do not ______________________ .

a) provide protection against fire.
b) prevent odours from passing from one compartment to another.
c) prevent leakage between the two adjacent compartments.
d) divide the vessel into longitudinal subdivisions.
e) store fresh water or ballast water.********

87) Paints and solvents on a vessel should be __________________________.

A) stored safely at the work site until work is completed
B) returned to the paint locker after each use*******
C) covered at all times to protect from ignition sources
D) stored in a suitable gear locker

88) Normally, portable water systems are connected directly to the

_________________.
A) fire-main system
B) feed-water system
C) freshwater sanitary system
D) domestic water tank**********

89)A ships size capasity can be described two ways linear dimensions or
__________ .
a) Tonnage**********
b) Length
c) Length overall
d) Draft
e) Width

90)If a wind is going to freshen, it is going to ____________ .

a) change direction
b) lose strength
c) gain strength********
d) change name
e) stay the same

91). . .a kind of thermometer the bulb of which is kept moistened while reading
the level of humidity is called _____________________ .
a) human thermometer (nemlendirilmiş)
b) fever thermometer
c) doctor's thermometer
d) dry bulb thermometer
e) wet bulb thermometer********

92) __ is the carrying capacity in weight and it includes the cargo the fuel water.
a) the deadweight**********
b) net tonnage
c) gross tonnage
d) net register tonnage
e) gross register tonnage
93) The beam of a ship is its width at the __________ point as measured at the
ship's nominal waterline.
A)Widest*******
B)Longest
C)Depth

94) A ship’s extreme breadth commonly called beam is measured in feet and
inches all the _____________ point.
a) deepest
b) shortest
c) longest
d) widest*********
e) narrowest

95)The emergency ____________ consist of seven short blast followed by

prolonged blast
a) Drill
b) Alarm************
c) Ring
d) Procedure
e) Response Plan

96)If cargo damaged or ___________ shall be made . . .

a) Claim***********
b) Marks
c) Write

97) The part of a windlass which physically engages the chain during hauling or
paying out is the __________ .
a. devil's claw
b. bull gear
c. wildcat***********
d. cat head

98) Cargo that gives off fumes that may contaminate other cargo is known as a
(n) ____________ .
a. delicate cargo
b. dirty cargo
c. toxic cargo
d. odorous cargo**************

99) Changing direction by bringing the stern of the vessel through the eye of the
wind is known as .
a. jibing**************
b. running before the wind
c. Tacking
d. reefing

100) A device commonly used to secure the pendant wire when it is initially
passed to an anchor handling vessel is ___________________ .
a. pelican hook*****************
b. connecting link
c. shackle
d. retaining hook
101)The lashings on a stack of containers with interlocking fittings restrain the
forces that cause __________ .
a. toppling
b. racking****************
c. buckling
d. crushing

102) The magnitude or speed of current is called __________ .

a) Drift************
b) Though
c) Crest
d) Ample
e) Set

103) The rescuer can best provide an airtight seal during mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation by pinching the victim's nostrils and ______________________ .
a) cupping a hand artıund the patient's mouth
b) keeping the head elevated
c) applying his mouth tightty over the victim’s*************
d) holding the jaw down firmly

104) The fittings used to secure a watertight door are known as _________ .
A) clamps
B) clasps
C) dogs********
D) latches

105) The lashings used on Ro-Ro vessels should be capable of withstanding the
forces of __________.
A) rolling
B) pitching
C) heaving
D) any force of gravity acting on the lashes
E) All of the above***********

106) Every vessel should maintain a proper __________________ by sight and

hearing.
a) whistle
b) speed and course
c) route
d) look out********
e) helmsman

107) An immersion suit must be equipped with a/an _______________________ .

A) air bottle for breathing
B) orange smoke canister
C) whistle, light and retroreflective material**********
D) sea dye marker

108) An uncontrolled flow of gas, oil, or other well fluids into the atmosphere is
called a _____________ .
a. flow
b. breakout
c. kick
d. blowout**********
109) An entry of water, gas, oil, or other formation fluid into the wellbore is called
a …………
a. blowout
b. kick***********
c. gusher
d. flow

110) To find the cause of a gasoline engine's failure to start, you should .
a. break the joint in the fuel line at the engine and let the gas run in the bilges
b. disconnect the wires at the spark plugs and make the spark jump the gap
c. prime the engine with ether through spark plug openings
d. ventilate the space, then check the battery, spark plugs, carburetor, and fuel line****

111) The tops of vents from gasoline tanks should terminate .

a. in open air**********
b. inside cabins
c. in machinery space
d. underwater

112) Fire dampers prevent the spread of fire by .

a. convection*********
b. conduction
c. radiation
d. direct contact

113)The most likely location for a liquid cargo fire to occur on a tanker would
be____________.
a. in the pump room******
b. at the vent header
c. at the main deck manifold
d. the midships house

114) The difference between the starboard and port drafts due to wind or seas is
called _______________.
a. list
b. heel********
c. trim
d. flotation

115) There is a fire aft aboard your vessel. To help fight the fire, you should .
a. head the bow into the wind and decrease speed********
b. put the wind off either beam
c. put the stern into the wind and increase speed
d. put the stern into the wind and decrease speed

116) The term "discharge", as it applies to the pollution regulations, means .

a. spilling
b. leaking
c. pumping
d. All of the above**********

117) A tank which carries liquid is dangerous to the stability of a vessel when it is
a. low in the vessel
b. completely empty
c. completely full
d. slack**********
118) CO2 extinguishes a fire by .
a. cooling
b. smothering*********
c. chemical action
d. All of the above

119) Foam extinguishes a fire by .

a. smothering the burning material***********
b. chemical combination with burning material
c. absorbing the burning material
d. organic destruction of the burning material

120) Steering a motor lifeboat broadside to the sea could cause it to .

a. capsize***********
b. run smoother
c. run faster
d. sink

121) In a river subject to tidal currents, the best time to dock a ship without the
assistance of tugs is_________.
a. at high water
b. at slack water*****
c. at flood tide
d. when there is a following current

122) A warm air mass is characterized by .

a. stability***********
b. instability
c. gusty winds
d. good visibility

123)The steepness of a cold front depends on .

a. the direction of wind around the front
b. its velocity************
c. the temperature of the air behind the front
d. the precipitation generated by the front

124) Freeboard is measured from the upper edge of the __________________ .

a) deck line***********
b) bulwark
c) gunwale
d) sheer strake
e) coaming

126) The vertical joint formed when two steel plates are placed end to end is
called a __________ .
a)butt***********
b)butress
c)bond
d)seam
e)bevel
127) Careless and improper handling of cargo during loading and discharging
operations, improper stowage, fastening and lashing, improperly laid dunnage or
lack of dunnage
altogether, insufficient ventilation or lack of it and poor separation of cargo may
be considered as the main ones.
The passage is related with _________________ .
a) crushing
b) pilferage
c) leakage
d) damage to Cargo***************
e) ventilation

128) It usually occurs off the ship, but as stolen cargo can be unwittingly
accepted by the vessel and as sound cargo may be subject to theft after
discharge, it is usually the vessel which is
blamed. Losses due to it are very serious, especially when foodstuffs, liquors
and soft drinks, expensive clothes, tools and spare parts for cars, electronic
equipment and precious stones
are being carried on board ship.
The passage is about ________________ .
a) chafing
b) collapsing
c) pilferage************
d) moisture and sweating
e) rain damage

129)
Dear Sirs,
I regret to inform you that due to the stoppage of the separating valve of the bilge
manifold some water from the ballast tank on port side was pumped overboard
together with the oil
contaminated bilge water from the shaft tunnel. The cause of this contamination
is purely technical and totally accidental.
The CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE M/V ___________________ .
This correspondence is an example of
a) bunkering order
b) notification************
c) damage to the ship
d) statement of sea protest
e) resume

130) If a ship is maintaining her course and speed, then the ship is __________
A)standing down
B)standing on
C)standing up
D)standing away
E)standing in

1490)The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapour to form
a flamable mixture with air near the surface of liquid is called
Flash point
38) İmmersion suit üzerine yelek giyilir. Bunun sebebi nedir tarzında bir soru vardı şıklar çok
saçma idi tek mantıklı olan fener ve düdük bulundurmasından dolayı dedim.
Bu soru olabilir:
690- in ship construction, keel scantlings should be the greatest.
amidships

700- which of the following is not a component of a stern.

Boss

113-When a vessel is on autopilot steering, the "weather " control is adjusted to compensate for which se
a)Yaw
b)Roll
c)Pitch
d)Leeway
123-The term "strake" is used in reference to __________.
a)rudder mountings
b)anchor gear
c)hull plating
d)vessel framing

72)Which one of the following word pairs does not

Propeller-screw

athwartship = alabandadan alabandaya

hull,keep = gemi gövdesi,omurgası

2-Ullage is the ____________________________________ .

A) space left for the explosion of the heated oil
B) space left for the passage of the heated oil.
C) space left for the expansion of the heated oil.
D) space left for the diffusion of the heated oil
E) space left for the interaction of the heated oil
3-EEBD açılımı (Acil kaçış solunum cihazı)
Emergency Escape Breathing Devices
74-Shell plating sorusu bana çıktı cevabı the out deck...

94-The life expentency of the cargo ship is 25 to 30.

demis paragrafta fakat bunu siklarda lifespan anlaminda olan omur suresi kelimesiyle degistirmis birde 25
The lifespan of cargo ship is twenty to thirty.

95- After using CO2 (karbondioksit) portable extinguisher, it should be……………

a) Discarded
b) Recharged
c) If it remains, put it back for next time
d) Hydrotested

110-The angular movement of a vessel about a horizontal line drawn from its bow to its stern is ________
a)pitching
b)rolling
c)heaving
d)swaying
11. The RADAR, …. İn the course of Second World War, ….for
military tasks as a public task şekline benzer bir soru vardı. Bu da
gramerdi.

Cevap olarak ‘’ was invented/will be used yaptım. Ama cevaptan

emin değilim.
 Flight is a process……….it flys in air or beyond atmosphere… tarzında bir relative
clause sorusu vardi ben uçuş eylemini belirttiği için how yaptım siklarda yine
which, what, why vs vardi

 The security is very strict like this port ……… too many tourists come tarzında yine
bir relative clause sorusu vardi ben limani kasttetigi için where dedim ama emin
değilim siklarda whichde vardi

1381)Many types of bulk cargo are liable to shifting and therefore special precautions must
be taken with such cargoes as grain, some kind of ores, certain kinds of coal, broken granite

etc. It is necessary to see that the bulk cargo is well trimmed. A load of barrels should be
stowed bilge free and well blocked off to avoid it.

This passage is about _______________ .

a) handling damage

b) crushing
c) dust damage

d) leakage

e) shifting******************

528- An emergency reversal ageration of the main to avoid collision

Crash stop
All back
Full stop
Dead Stop
None of above