1st IEEE International conference on Innovations in High-Speed Communication and Signal Processing (IEEE-IHCSP) 4-5 March, 2023
Smart Model For Career Guidance Using Hybrid
Deep Learning Technique
1st Vijaya R. Kumbhar 2nd Manisha M. Maddel
Computer Science Dept.
2023 1st International Conference on Innovations in High Speed Communication and Signal Processing (IHCSP) | 979-8-3503-4595-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IHCSP56702.2023.10127152
Indira College of Commerce and Indira School of Business Studies,
Science,
Pune, India. manisha.maddel@indiraisbs.edu.com
veejeya.kumbhar@gmail.com
Abstract— Career guidance is required mostly for the degree
students as they have not clear vision about it. Most students
don't know what kind of work they want to do or what degree
would be best for them. Considering the user's skills, interests,
and preferences, the system will suggest different career paths.
The results of this assignment can help students zero in on a
subject area that fits their knowledge and interests the best. The
Smart Career Guidance System using chatbot, is built using
recurrent neural network (RNN) and Long Short Term Memory
(LSTM) . To proposed Smart Model for Career Guidance Using
Hybrid Deep Learning Techniques. Our proposed hybrid deep
learning algorithm work on the concepts of RNN and LSTM and
Natural language processing (NLP).
Keywords— Career guidance, machine learning , hybrid Deep
learning , NLP , LSTM
I. INTRODUCTION
There are a lot of different ways that machine learning
has been used to make prediction algorithms. Decision trees,
artificial neural networks, matrix factorization, collaborative
filters, and probabilistic graphical models are all examples of
these methods [6]. Most of these studies think that making a
prediction is a one-time thing and don't look at how students'
learning has changed over the course of their academic
careers. A method called three-mode tensor factorization (on
student, problem, and time) [6] was made to figure out how
well a student will do in the field of information technology
(IT). This method takes the effects of time and order into
account. When making a model like this one, there are two
main things that need to be considered: (a) whether or not the
student is willing to build a career based on his interests and
compassions [3], and (b) whether or not the student has the
right idea of how to improve his skills by taking certification
courses that are based on his interests[3]. For the model to
work, both of these questions must be answered in the
affirmative. Because of this, a Questioner built with this
architecture will need to sort the students' individual
reflections on their individual results. It's no secret that the
level of competition in today's world is always getting
tougher, and it's also no secret that, as the world gets more
technical, choosing a career path has become one of the most
important things for young people to do. Both of these are
common knowledge. More than any other question, the
question of what the kids are most interested in comes up
most often in the classroom. Every parent hopes that their
child will become a scientist or a doctor when they grow up,
but no one ever asks them what they are interested in in the
real world. This programme is helpful for both students and
their families. If a student knows what they are really
interested in, they may be able to steer themselves toward the
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3rd Yudhishthir Raut
Operations Dept., Computer Science Dept.
D.Y. Patil International University,
Pune,India Pune, India.
yudhi.raut@dypiu.ac.in
classes that will have the most impact on their chances of
being successful in the future. We've put together a series of
tests to help the student get off to a good start in their
professional life. The goal of these tests is to find out which
areas of study are most useful and to point the student in the
right direction for further growth. Because it is good to
improve one's ability to think critically, the site starts with a
test of one's skills. The first thing a student should do on our
website is sign up for an account. When a student signs up on
our website, they start getting ready for real work. We give
them a place to take an aptitude test. When a student signs up
for an account on our website, he will be able to choose a
testing level that is right for his level of education. Students
will then move on to the main part of the test. After some
preliminary questions, the test questions are changed to
reflect what the student is interested in. Jobs in engineering
and technology, business, law, the humanities, hospitality
management, and the social sciences are all on the list of
possible career paths. These topics will be the basis for the
questions that will be asked. After the test is over, the teacher
will give the student a detailed analysis of how he or she did,
along with their top recommendations. A knowledgeable
person can help a student figure out what kind of job they
want to do. After the expert in the system tells the student
what his results are, the student can make an informed
decision about his future based on the things that really
interest him. Because they are made for a certain place, the
systems that are already in place don't offer a solution that can
help a lot of different people. This is because students are
looking for answers and come from many different cultures.
Some of the solutions that have been made include mining
data that hasn't been found before, making highly complex
statistical models, and coming up with new ways to use
algorithms. Using these methods to figure out how a system
works will lead to systems that are very complicated and hard
to manage. Even though the internet has a lot of information,
it can be hard and take a long time to find what you need.
II. RELATED WORK
Kamal, et al[1] The data were put together with the
help of professionals, who made a questionnaire. This
research was done with the help of 392 people who had just
finished college. Because there is a lot of variation in the data,
the SMOTE oversampling method is used to test the machine
learning classifiers[4]. The Authors compared the XGBoost
and Random Forest classifiers' AUC-ROC performance
scores to find the best career paths. The XGBoost got a score
of 0.9952, while the Random Forest classifier got a score of
0.9963..
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J. Britto, et al[2] This is a paper that students in their
last year of school should read. Data Mining and Machine
Learning are the two techniques it uses to get such precise
results. Both the students' academic performance and their
areas of interest are taken into account. The more information
it has, the more accurate its predictions will be. Students will
benefit from this strategy because it will give them
suggestions that fit both their skills and their interests.
A. Rohini et al[3] As part of the proposed study, a
number of location-based metrics, such as the distance
between nodes, their centrality values, and the residual factors
of the parameters, will be evaluated and analysed. In this
study, they collected data from students. Then, they used K-
Means algorithms and the programming language R to predict
the connections between the nodes and the similarities
between the users, which leads to the formation of an
integrated community.
A. Ghimire et al[4] The results of this study back up
the idea that a person's personality traits can be used to figure
out what their favorite area of academic study is. They
showed that a decision tree model is able to classify things
with a higher than 90% accuracy rate. Also, they looked at
two different ways to reduce the number of dimensions: one
was based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the
other was based on research from the social sciences on the
Big Five personality traits (OCEAN indices). They used these
methods to cut the number of dimensions in half and make
sure that our classifier's performance was not affected in any
way.
Reddy, K.Sai et al[5] Students can use an automated
method based on ensemble learning to help them decide
which job path in the software industry is best for them. This
research will help them do this. This system takes into
account not only how well students do in school, but also how
they are as people and what they are interested in. They used
three different Machine Learning algorithms on the dataset
and then compared the results to find the best model. Based
on the results, it looks like the random forest method is the
best one.
III. PROPOSED METHODLOGY
Because of how the software is made, both the user
(or student) and the software can talk to each other. The
system will conclude based on both the data that was
programmed into it and the AI that it uses. This program is
mostly made to help people who aren't sure what careers they
want to go into in the future or what steps they need to take
to get there. Because of this, the most important parts of our
solution are a way to make suggestions and a way to
summarize information. The first set of questions a user sees
will cover everything about the topic he or she has chosen.
After the user answers each of these questions, the domains
will be narrowed down until the last set of questions, at which
point the user will see a relevant result for their situation.
Because of this, the exam is broken up into different parts.
The first part is a single general question meant to get a sense
of how interested the student is in the topic. As you move
through the levels, the number of questions you must answer
will go up. A Suggested The chatbot talks to the user through
whatever platform the user is using. The next step is for it to
use the module's natural language processing (NLP) features
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to figure out what the user wants and give the right answer.
The system's ability to handle human input is based on the
way it is made, which is modular. Each part has its own
knowledge base, way to start up, and set of rules for how to
handle user requests. The system's modular design gives it a
lot of flexibility when it comes to taking in new types of data
or information. Each part has its own knowledge base and
way to get started, as well as its own set of rules for how to
handle any requests from users. There will be two separate
parts to the chatbot module. First, there is the integration of
capabilities for handling requests. In the form of a question,
the user's information will be sent to the conversational agent,
and with the help of the proposed module, the processing
stages will continue. The platform's module will search
through the data corpus to find an intent that matches the text
that the user entered. Remember that the real setting up will
happen in the second part of the process. As a direct result,
there are no obstacles in the way between the two modules
and the server. For a module's configuration to be useful, it
needs to include model-specific logic (in our system this is
done by the ontology module). The one we chose to use for
this project was the Naive Bayes Algorithm. We decided to
use this method because, in the end, it will tell us how likely
each category is and which category has the highest chance.
We have changed our procedure so that it now always gives
three outputs, no matter what inputs are used.
Neural Networks that are strong and effective Artificial
neural networks are made up of many layers of interconnected
artificial neurons. These networks are based on how the
human brain works. These neurons take in information, get to
know its parts, and then work together to make a meaningful
result. Neural networks need to be able to look at a huge
amount of data in order to find patterns and trends that are
hidden in the data. To properly evaluate this programme, we
need to find out if the chatbot can simulate human language
patterns, keep a natural flow of conversation in response to
user input, and meet the user's needs. In light of this, a
modified version of the Turing test might be a good litmus
test. One of the biggest problems with neural networks is that
it can be hard to understand how they work. It is hard to figure
out how a single neuron in a network processed a certain set
of inputs or came to a certain conclusion. Also, neural
networks often need a lot of information to learn well and give
accurate results. Because it's easy, the vast majority of chatbot
environments don't have such a huge amount of data. As a
direct result of this, efficient algorithms have been made that
can process textual data.
Natural Language Processing (NLP), which is also called
"machine learning," is an important part of chatbots because it
controls how the bot understands and responds to text input.
The best chatbots would be able to have conversations with
users in which the users would have no idea they were talking
to a computer. The goal of this software is to learn about the
complexities of human language by applying machine
learning techniques to a large database of conversational
data[7]. By using natural language processing, the bot can
understand text data, including grammar, emotion, and
purpose. Natural language processing [11] gives users a lot of
helpful tools, such as text summarization, word vectorization,
topic modelling, point-of-sale (PoS) tagging, n-gram analysis,
and sentiment polarity analysis, to name a few. Testing this
method is a lot like testing the chatbot's ability to
communicate, since NLP methods are meant to be like human
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 1st IEEE International conference on Innovations in High-Speed Communication and Signal Processing (IEEE-IHCSP) 4-5 March, 2023
conversation. There is no well-known standard or set of
criteria that can be used to measure how well NLP algorithms
work. One of the most common and helpful ways to test NLP
algorithms is to measure and analyse how happy users are with
them[14]. It might be easy to do data analysis and text analysis
on user satisfaction ratings, but it's not a good idea to do so
because it doesn't lead to any useful information being found.
Since natural language processing often tries to act like how
people talk, the Turing test can be used to judge it [5]. The
Turing test is a way to figure out how well a computer
programme imitates human language and how people talk to
each other [1]. Users could also be asked to tell the difference
between talking to a real person and talking to a chatbot that
is powered by natural language processing. So that the testing
can be as thorough as possible, it is important for the user to
give the chatbot inputs that are hard or likely to cause
mistakes. A good chatbot not only learns what it needs to
know to give the right answers, but it also learns what it doesn't
need to know to do its job Since this strategy is based on the
chatbot's ability to learn from experience, it may be possible
to come up with a way to figure out how well the input was
represented. If the chatbot thinks the information is not
important, it will stop giving correct answers. Another way to
prove this claim is to check the algorithm's ability to recognise
correct sentence structure. To put it another way, the algorithm
should be tested by giving it data with different levels of
grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes and by changing
the order of the words in the data.
IV. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
1) Prepare a dataset of questions and possible answers
that are used in career counselling, guidance.
2) Bifurcate it in two parts training and testing as 80%
and 20% respectively.
3) Build a model using training dataset of career
counselling.
4) Use the combined method of techniques of NLP,
RNN and LSTM.
5) Test it using testing data.
6) Validate the new and existing algorithms by finding
suitable metrics evaluation.
Fig. 1: Approach for Career Guidance Using Hybrid deep Learning
Techniques
It's not true that every second, the human mind starts
over from scratch. In this essay, each word's meaning builds
on the meaning of the word before it. It's not as easy as just
throwing away everything and starting over. Your mental
fortitude is admirable. Most neural networks that are used
today have this very big problem. Let's say, for the sake of
this example, that you want to put all of the things that happen
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in a movie into groups based on what kind of thing they are.
A normal neural network would have to remember what had
already happened in the movie before it could correctly
predict what would happen next. Recurrent neural networks
were made so that a solution to this problem could be found.
They are a type of network that has connections that go in a
circle and can store information forever. The picture on the
right shows a part of a neural network that is labelled with the
letter A. This part of the network oversees processing the
information shown by xt and putting out the result shown by
ht. One piece of information can be passed from one level of
a network to the next with the help of a loop. Because of this,
recurrent neural networks tend to make people feel like there's
something mysterious going on. But if you think about it
more, you'll see that they're not all that different from a
normal neural network.
Fig 2: Working of RNN and LSTM for career guidance
They are built with neural networks, which are the most
natural way to handle this kind of data. RNNs are used to
solve a wide range of problems now a days, such as speech
recognition, language modelling, and so on. A lot of things
are on the list. Andrej Karpathy has already written a great
blog post about this topic called "The Unreasonable
Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks." In it, he talks
about the amazing results that can be achieved with RNNs, so
I won't go over his analysis again here. Instead, I'll tell you
what I think about the subject. On the other hand, they are
interesting on their own. The use of "LSTMs," a specialised
type of recurrent neural network, is crucial to these findings
because, compared to the standard version, it performs a
number of tasks much better. Almost all of the interesting
things that can be done with recurrent neural networks can
only be done by using them. The main focus of this study will
be on long-term and short-term memories. This is done by
letting the gate layers keep an eye on what's going on inside
the cell.
𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 = 𝜎𝜎(𝑊𝑊𝑓𝑓 . [𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡−1 , ℎ𝑡𝑡−1 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ] + 𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 )
𝑖𝑖𝑡𝑡 = 𝜎𝜎(𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖 . [𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡−1 , ℎ𝑡𝑡−1 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ] + 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖 )
𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑡 = 𝜎𝜎(𝑊𝑊𝑜𝑜 . [𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡−1 , ℎ𝑡𝑡−1 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ] + 𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜 )
In a second possible step, the input gate and the
forget gate are linked together to make a new circuit[18]. We
don't make these decisions separately; instead, we talk about
them and agree on what should be in the discussion and what
should be left out. The only time we remember we forgot
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 1st IEEE International conference on Innovations in High-Speed Communication and Signal Processing (IEEE-IHCSP) 4-5 March, 2023
something is when we try to switch out one thing for another.
We only enter a new value if we can't remember what the old
one was.
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 = 𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 ∗ 𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡−1 + (1 − 𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 ) ∗ 𝐶𝐶̌𝑡𝑡 ….[11]
The Gated Recurrent Unit, which is sometimes
called the GRU, is a more extreme version of the LSTM [11].
It's the same as having a single "update gate" instead of two
separate "forget gates" and "input gates." It changes both the
hidden state and the cell state by mixing them together.
Traditional LSTM models are harder to understand and use
than the model that came out of this.
𝑍𝑍𝑡𝑡 = 𝜎𝜎(𝑊𝑊𝑧𝑧 . [ℎ𝑡𝑡−1 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ]) ……[5]
𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = 𝜎𝜎(𝑊𝑊𝑟𝑟 . [ℎ𝑡𝑡−1 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ]) ……[5]
̌ℎ𝑡𝑡 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡ℎ(𝑊𝑊. [𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 ∗ ℎ𝑡𝑡−1 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ]) ……[5]
ℎ𝑡𝑡 = (1 − 𝑍𝑍𝑡𝑡 ) ∗ ℎ𝑡𝑡−1 + 𝑍𝑍𝑡𝑡 ∗ ℎ̌𝑡𝑡 ) ……[5]
Even so, those don't cover all the most well-known LSTM
variations. Also, there are a lot of others, like depth-gated
recurrent neural networks. Clockwork RNNs are another way
to solve the problem of how to deal with these kinds of
dependencies. We need to figure out which of these two
options is better. What could be important about the
differences between these two versions? when they compare
common variants, they usually find that they are mostly the
same. Researchers tried out different RNN designs and found
that some of them did some tasks better than LSTMs.
V. RESULT ANALYSIS
To perform the experiment, a script is written in
Python on Anaconda platform and Precision and Recall. The
Smart Career Guidance System using chatbot, is built using
RNN and LSTM, is then evaluates using standard metrics.
Our proposed hybrid deep learning algorithm worked on the
concepts of RNN and LSTM and NLP. model. This research
concludes that better understanding of the career concepts
makes students to take right decision about their career. In
this research we included all such keywords and model built
around such keywords using chatbot gives optimal result
compared to existing other models.
TABLE I. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND
PROPOSED METHOD
Model Accuracy Precision Recall
DT 0.9167 0.8765 0.4444
RF 0.9248 0.9855 0.9851
RNN 0.9474 0.7654 0.9773
LSTM 0.9733 0.8765 0.9351
Proposed
0.9933 0.7654 0.9345
Method
VI. CONCLUSION
It is interesting to think about how a network of career
counsellors could work. Since students have access to the
internet, they will be able to use this type system to choose a
line of work that fits their skills the best. In today's world,
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where the number of jobs is growing quickly, many people
could benefit from some kind of career advice or help. This
system has both a chatbot and an AI-powered engine that
works well and gives accurate results. The engine's career
suggestions are based on data from top experts in the field.
This means that it can use the knowledge of these people. This
method is helpful for anyone who wants to find direction in
their career. The results of this study show that putting AI into
career counselling systems is likely to be very helpful for both
the global community now and in the future.
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