Littlejohn and Foss (2008),
Laswell’s Model- The
who are scholars and
experts in the field, regard
communication as "one of
those everyday activities
that is intertwined with all of
human life. They suggest
that communicating feels so
natural to people that
oftentimes the act itself is
taken for granted.
Communication is from
the Latin term
communicāre, which
means "to share" or "to
divide out."
another Latin word
communis, which roughly
means "working
together."
Ritual or expressive
model- an alternative
way of looking.
expressive model,
communication
happens due to the
need to share
understanding and
emotions.
BERLO’S Model The
reception models show
that it is not just about
saying the message but
also considering how
the message may be
received because of
factors that may
influence reception
The media format is the way the data is arranged.
mass media form refers to the particular media technology to which the message is transmitted
All the definitions of media suggest that it is a conduit for transmitting something called information.
Bulan and de Leon (2002) 1. Transmission models.
"without speech or oral Perhaps the most popular model is relatively
communication, societies among these is Harold straightforward and tells
could not attain levels of Laswell's representation you that communication
civilization. of communication as an originates from someone
what they tell you is that attempt to answer the and their message flows
communication functions question "Who says what through a channel, either
in more ways than you to whom, through what through sound waves or
can imagine. medium, and with what light waves
effect?"
One such revision is a Another transmission A more sophisticated
model by Claude Shannon model is by Bruce transmission model was
and Warren Weaver Westley and Malcolm provided by George
which incorporates the Maclean, Jr. where they Gerbner where someone
concept of noise that argued that instead of a perceives an event and
refers to anything that having a sender merely reacts in a situation
interferes with the relaying messages, you through some means to
message. The model is a have a communicator make available materials
more mechanical look at who relays his or her in some form and context
communication. account of a selection of conveying content of
events or views/voices some consequence
in society (McQuail, 1985)
Publicity model. This Reception model. In Reception model is the
model explains that this model, you come one by David Berlo that
communication to understand accounted for factors
involves audiences as communication as an that affect how
"spectators rather than open process, which communicators are
participants or means that messages influenced when they
information receiver. sent and received are send and receive a
Attention is important open to various message.
interpretations.
one of the functions of Mediate= base word Media modality refers
communication is to of this term is media. to the nature of
inform. This is all the Strictly speaking, message, whether it is
more made possible media is the plural relayed using text,
through the use of audio, video, graphics,
form of medium
media. animation, or a
combination of any of
these things
One of the more convenient sources of information nowadays is the World Wide Web.

UNESCO defined the LITERACY as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate,
and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts."