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Beam Analysis - Design
Beam Analysis - Design
Beam Analysis - Design
Important Topics:
• Ultimate Moment Capacity
• Amount of Steel required
• Ultimate Load Capacity
Singly Reinforced Beam (WSD) Civil
Mentors
Singly Reinforced Beam (WSD) Civil
Mentors
1
C= 𝑓 𝑘𝑏𝑑
2 𝑐
T = As fs
1
Mc = C×jd = 𝑓𝑐 𝑗𝑘𝑏𝑑2
2
Ms = T×jd= As fs jd
If Mc>Ms, Steel stress controls.
If Ms>Mc , Concrete stress controls
Singly Reinforced Beam (WSD Design) Civil
Mentors
Design Steps:
1. Assume: width, b = 10ʺ-12ʺ and, Total depth, h = (L)ʺ
2. Load Calculation: Total working load, WT= Self-weight + DL + LL
𝑊𝐿2
3. Maximum Moment Calculation: Working Moment, M= (Simply supported)
8
𝑊𝐿2
= (Cantilever)
2
𝑀 1
4. Depth Check: dreq= where, R= 𝑓𝑐 𝑗𝑘 ; (If dreq< deff , Singly reinforced beam confirmed)
𝑅𝑏 2
𝑀
5. Steel Area calculation: As=
𝑓𝑠𝑗𝑑
Singly Reinforced Beam (WSD Analysis) Civil
Mentors
Analysis Steps:
1. Reinforcement ratio,
2. Central axis co-efficient,
3. Liver arm co-efficient,
1
4. Mcc = 1 𝑓𝑐𝑐 𝑗𝑘𝑏𝑑22
22
Mu=
Singly Reinforced Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
⏀=0.567+66.7∈t
⏀=0.483+83.3∈t
Singly Reinforced Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
Singly Reinforced Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
Singly Reinforced Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
Singly Reinforced Beam: requires steels in tension zone only. (when, ⍴<⍴max)
Doubly Reinforced Beam: requires Steel in both compression and tension zone.
(When, ⍴>⍴max)
Under Reinforced Beam: Steel yields before concrete crushing. (when, ⍴<⍴b)
Balanced Reinforced Beam: Steel yields and concrete crushes at the same time.
(when, ⍴=⍴b)
Over Reinforced Beam: Concrete crushes before steel yielding. (when, ⍴>⍴b)
Singly Reinforced Beam (USD Design) Civil
Mentors
Design Steps:
1. Load Calculation: Total Ultimate load, Wu= 1.2(Self-weight + DL) + 1.6LL
𝑊𝐿2
2. Maximum Moment Calculation: Ultimate Moment, Mu= (Simply supported)
8
𝑊𝐿2
= (Cantilever)
2
𝑀𝑢
4. Steel Area calculation: As= 𝑎
⏀fy (d− 2 )
Singly Reinforced Beam (USD Analysis) Civil
Mentors
Analysis Steps:
1.
2.
3. If, ⍴<⍴b ; It is under reinforced beam If, ⍴>⍴b ; It is over reinforced beam
𝑎 𝑎 𝑑−𝑐
4. Mn= As fy (d- ) 4. Mn= As fs (d- ); where fs=Es∈t=Es∈u( ) ≤ fy
2 2 𝑐
5. Mu=⏀Mn where,⏀=0.483+83.3∈t C=T
≤ 0.005 0.85𝑓𝑐ʹ𝑎𝑏 = As fs => c= ?
Doubly Reinforced Beam (WSD) Civil
Mentors
Doubly Reinforced Beam (WSD Design) Civil
Mentors
Design Steps:
𝑀 1
1. Depth Check: dreq= where, R= 𝑓𝑐 𝑗𝑘 ; (If dreq> deff , Doubly reinforced beam confirmed)
𝑅𝑏 2
1
2. M1 = 𝑓𝑐 𝑗𝑘𝑏𝑑2
2
3. M2 = M-M1
𝑀1
4. As1 =
𝑓𝑠𝑗𝑑
𝑀2
5. As2 = 𝑓𝑠 (𝑑−𝑑 ′ )
Analysis Steps:
1. As and Asʹ
1
2. M1 = 𝑓𝑐 𝑗𝑘𝑏𝑑2
2
𝑀1
3. As1 =
𝑓𝑠𝑗𝑑
4. As2 = As - As1
5. M2 = As2 𝑓𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′
𝑑′
𝑘−
M2 =As′𝑓𝑠′(𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) where, fs’=2fs 𝑑
≤ fs
1−𝑘
Design Steps:
1. Load Calculation: Total ultimate load, Wu= 1.2(Self-weight + DL) + 1.6LL
𝑊𝐿2 𝑊𝐿2
2. Maximum Moment Calculation: Ultimate Moment, Mu= (Simply supported) = (Cantilever)
8 2
3. Depth Check: (If dreq > deff, Doubly reinforced beam confirmed)
𝑎
4. Mn= As fy (d- ) where, As= ⍴bd
2
𝑀𝑢
5. M1= - Mn
⏀
′
𝑀1 𝑐−𝑑
6. Steel Area calculation: Compression Steel, Asʹ = where, fs’=Es∈s’=Es∈u( ) ≤ fy
fs ′(d− d′) 𝑐
𝐴𝑠 ′ fs ′
Tension Steel, As = As +
𝑓𝑦
Doubly Reinforced Beam (USD Analysis) Civil
Mentors
Analysis Steps: ′
𝐴𝑠 𝐴
1. ⍴= 𝑏𝑑 and ⍴’= 𝑠
𝑏𝑑
2.
where,⏀=0.483+83.3∈t Mn2 =
7. Mu=⏀Mn where, (T=C) => => c=?
T Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
Isolated T Beams:
𝑏𝑤
hf ≥
2
be ≤ 4bw
T Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
Interior T Beams:
bf = bw+16hf
𝐿
bf =
4
Exterior T Beams:
𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
bf ≤ bw+
12
bf ≤ bw+ 6hf
Sw
bf = 0.5× Sw
The smallest of the above mentioned values must be used.
T Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
T Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
T Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
hf
T Beam (USD) Civil
Mentors
Analysis Steps:
1. Determination of effective Flange width, bf
𝐴𝑠
2. ⍴ =
𝑏𝑓𝑑
3.
4. If a > hf , T-beam analysis is required. 4. If a < hf , Rectangular beam analysis required.
5. where, 5. where,
6.
6. where,
7.
8. Mu =⏀Mn
T Beam (USD Design) Civil
Mentors
Design Steps:
1. Determination of effective Flange width, bf
2. Load Calculation: Total ultimate load, Wu= 1.2(Self-weight + DL) + 1.6LL
𝑊𝐿2 𝑊𝐿2
3. Ultimate Moment Calculation, Mu= (Simply supported) = (Cantilever)
8 2
4.
5.
6.
4. If a < hf , Rectangular beam Design required.
7. If a > hf , T-beam Design is required.
5.
8. where,
9.
10. where, 12.
T Beam (WSD) Civil
Mentors
T Beam (WSD) Civil
Mentors
C=
T=
T=C
T Beam (WSD Analysis) Civil
Mentors
Analysis Steps:
1. Determination of effective flange width, b
𝐴𝑠
2. ⍴ =
𝑏𝑑
3.
4. If kd > hf , T beam Analysis is confirmed.
5.
6. 7. Checking concrete extreme fiber Stress:
< fc (OK)
T Beam (WSD Design) Civil
Mentors
Design Steps:
1. Determination of effective flange width, b
𝑀
2. As = 𝑡
𝑓𝑠(𝑑− )
2
𝐴𝑠
3. ⍴ =
𝑏𝑑
4.
5. If kd > hf , T beam Design is confirmed.
6.
7.
8. Checking concrete extreme fiber Stress: <
Civil
Mentors