Insight Mains Test 2 (2023)

IPM / YLM - 2023
TEST - 2
Duration: 3 Hours Total Marks: 250
All Questions are compulsory and answer within the mentioned word limit
1. To what extent can the policies of Lord Dalhousie be blamed for the Revolt of 1857? Explain
(10 Marks, 150 Words)
2. In what way did administration under the company differed from that of the Indian rulers?
Elaborate. (10 Marks, 150 Words)
3. Can Jallianwala Bagh Massacre be considered as a turning point in our freedom struggle?
Give your reasons. (10 Marks, 150 Words)
4. Would you consider Ambedkar as the key pillar of modern India? Justify your reasons citing
his contributions during freedom movement. (10 Marks, 150 Words)
5. Can the Lahore congress session of 1929 be considered to have shaped the vision of an
Independent India. Illustrate (10 Marks, 150 Words)
6. “Out of his tyranny was born a stronger sense of nationhood”. Analyze the statement with
reference to Lord Curzon. (10 Marks, 150 Words)
7. Between 1858 and 1905 there was neither aggression nor a sense of direction for the Indian
masses. Do you agree? Give your reasons (10 Marks, 150 Words)
8. During World War II, Indian national movement was torn between ousting the British Raj
and joining the larger cause of defeating fascism. Comment (10 Marks, 150 Words)
9. The revolutionary nationalist movement evolved under Bhagat Singh as the emphasis shifted
away from militancy and heroic action to creation of a mass-based struggle. Elaborate.
10. The ‘Constitutional reforms’ of 1909 were nothing short of a farce. Critically Comment.
11. To what extent the revenue policies of the British represented the advancement over pre-
British era policies? Explain (15 Marks, 250 Words)
12. Eighteenth century India failed to make progress economically, socially or culturally, at an
adequate pace. Do you agree with this statement? Comment. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
13. Trace the expansion and consolidation of British rule in India in the second half of
Eighteenth century. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
1
www.insightsonindia.com www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com
14. How effective were the social reform movements of nineteenth century in bringing a change
in Indian society? Critically Evaluate. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
15. Elaborate on the series of events which led to the partition of India. Do you think it could
have been avoided? Give justification for your argument. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
16. ” The women were not merely passive workers following in the footsteps of celebrated men;
they were active revolutionaries". Examine the role played by women revolutionaries in
India’s freedom movement. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
17. Detailing the effect of colonialism on Indian exports, discuss how the changes in world
geopolitics affected livelihoods in India? (15 Marks, 250 Words)
18. Examine the educational policy of the British with a brief note on the Orientalist vs
Anglicists debate. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
19. To make political independence more meaningful, there were certain weaknesses in the
Indian social structure which needed to be strengthened. Discuss the statement in context of
Gandhiji's constructive programme. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
20. Tribal movements during the British rule were the most frequent, militant and violent of all
movements. Elaborate the statement, giving reasons for the same. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
2
INSIGHTSIAS
SIMPLIFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION
IPM
IPM
/ YLM
/ YLM IPMIPM
1.0- TEST
2023
IPM
IPM
IPM/YLM
IPM/YLM
IPM /YLM
YLM
///SERIES
YLM
/ YLM
YLM 3.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0 TEST
–3.0
2022
TEST
TESTTEST
TEST
TEST SERIES
SERIES
SERIES –---–2022:
SERIES
SERIES
SERIES
SERIES –2022
2022
2022
2022
2022:
2022 :TEST
TEST
:::TEST
: TEST
TEST
TEST CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE -34
-1–-TEST
:32
-351815
21
15
30
26
25
28
27-173 TEST
CODE– 21: 16
Test Roll No.
Name.
Date. Total No. of pages uploaded:
INDEX TABLE INSTRUCTIONS
Q. No. Maximum Marks Marks Obtained Please read each of the following instructions
1 carefully before attempting questions :
2 Ø All questions are compulsory
3
Ø The number of marks carried by each
4
5 question is indicated against it.
6
Ø Keep the word limit indicated in the
7
8
questions in mind.
9 Ø Any page or portion of the page left

10
blank in Question-cum-Anwer Booklet
11
12 must be clearly struck off.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Total Marks Obtained :
Remarks :
OUR TEST CENTRES
BENGALURU DELHI HYDERABAD

EVALUATION PARAMETERS
Very Good Good Average Bad
1. Clarity of Thought
2. Content Relevance
3. Context
4. Conceptual clarity
5. Dimensionality & Interdisciplinary Linkages
6. Examples & Illustrations
7. Language Competence
8. Presentation
9. Structure
10. Objectivity
Overall Observation by an examiner on candidate answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 1.1.ToShed
whata light
extent oncanthe the
IPM
IPM
importance
/ YLM
/ YLM 2022 Stupas,
policies of Lord detailingbetheir
Dalhousie architectural
blamed features.
for the Revolt of 1857? Explain
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this 1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1. Mention
Examine
Indian
Temple
What
Elaborate
How
Climatedo
Explain
does the
folk the
change
the
Resource-based
1.1. Give air
reasons founding
alliance
dance
architecture
you
on the isof
understand
significance
pollution
will
and
for of
factors
the principles
between
aaffect
perfect
Kashmir
which
by
affect
of
low-tech that
the
and
forests
the
formation global define
Indian
amalgamation
Himachal
Ecosystem-based
constrain
conservation
ofin
exports the India’s
capitalists
of
temperatures?
multiple
continue
thousands art
had
effective
ofof
ways,
toplantconstitution.
and
a
Adaptation?and
Discuss
both the
genetic
dominate
islands nationalist
worship.
mixture
scrutiny
Howofof
indirectly
in – Illustrate
elements
can
budget
resources
context
India’s
the andit (10
be
of (10
leaders Marks,
with
from
(10
proposals
used
Marks,
indirectly.
export
Caribbean (PGR). during
to
recently reduce
Also,
basket. 150
In and150
ofsuitable
the
Marks, the Words)
Gandhara
150 Indian
Words)
released
How
Archipelagoes? this
list
can Words) this
margin 1.
1. Vijayanagar
Introduction
Discuss
Assess thewitharchitecture
of
the
impact western
help ofis
global distinctly
education
examples
warming Dravidian
transferred
theoneconomic
El Nino and
Indiaand reflects
insocial
Southern abenefits
“highly
unforeseen
Oscillation. evolved
ways.
of the
(10 usemultireligious
Critically
Marks, Examine
technologies
150 Words)and margin
1. Vijayanagar
freedom
examples.
tradition
monitoring
climate
IPCC
regard,
down Sixth
the architecture
movement
asinitiatives
risks?well
of
highlightits as
thethe
Illustrate
outcomes
Assessment is distinctly
influence
with
taken
findings of
inexamples.
Report
up India.
of
byand
(AR6)
IndiaDravidian
Gupta
India State
on
to conserve
climate
of itsand
architecture.
Forest reflects
change.
PGR.Report a “highly
Elucidate(10(10
2021 evolved
Marks,
(10
Marks,
(10
and Marks, (10
150
briefly multireligious
150
Marks, Marks,
150
Words)Words) 150
Words) and
Words)
India overcome
multi-ethnic
for tracking these
society”.
economic constraints
Discuss
activity and diversify
development exports?
in India (10
(10(10 (10(10
Marks,
Marks,
Marks,
(10 150
suggest
Marks,
150 150
Marks,
150
Marks, Words)
Words)
150150
Words)
Words)
150 Words)
Words)
Words)
multi-ethnic
measures tosociety”.
mitigate Discuss
its impact. (10 Marks, (10 Marks,
150 Words) 150 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN
www.insightsonindia.com -1- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM / YLM 2022
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
2. How did architecture change during medieval times? Briefly discuss(10 in the context of Islamic
this 2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2. 'Salt
“Nationalism
was
Elaborate.
Continental
Identify
Analyze
India
The
Briefly
Defining
2.Despite
What
How
TheThe is
are
Explain
Hoysalasaathe
the
fundamental
is on the
being
with
Hoysalas symbol
discussdrift
main is
unique
theterm atheory
cusp
BlockChain? religion
ofkey
India’s
threats
the‘Carbon
decades
‘grassroots
Temple tothat
was
features
rights
of complete
ideals
may
old,
illustrations,
Temple self-reliance'.
has
initially
Inequality’,
Discuss
the
level
architecture
the ideas
thecome
Biodiversity.
of
be Buddhist
and
said
Capital
values
to fromDiscuss
ridiculed,
Have
arts
explain
articulated of
opportunities
interventions’
architecturerole borrowed
played
borrowed by forGod”.
but
the
South
constitutionalize
Account
given in
ways
by
freely ithow
the
and
water
regulatory
freely In
to
Henry
from the
nationalSalt
paved
India
Convertibility.light
Preamble
and
from the
address Satyagraha
the
and
that
social
challenges
Derozio
soil it
authorities
the of
way
to
What
Chalukya the
values
the
within
posed
appears
conservation
Chalukya in statement,
international
developed became
Marks,
forregulating
plate
Constitution
can
and by
andofbe
India the
150
efforts
differently
existing
its
as assess
tectonics catalyst
to
implications
well
strikingly
BlockChain
by
Chola
Cholathe
the of the
Words)
toon
from
society.
India.
as
traditions
key
traditions itsfor
explain this
margin influenceinondetail
2. Describe Indian thearchitecture.
landforms of the Peninsular plateau region of India (10and Marks,
show150 theirWords) margin
defiance
various
how
mitigate
northern
for
Explain
Does
the
amodern. in
Earth’s
theroles
different
contemporary
globalIndian
and
level.
Technology.
governmentIn of Sri
continents
biodiversity
counterparts
a aillustrate
what
areeconomy?
ways parts
Aurobindo
of
move.
loss
during India.
the
socio-political
are
contributingExamine
his Gosh
Elaborate.
been
views
to in
reality
still the
successful.
Post-Mauryan freedom
Critically
Period.
reflect
relevant these
in struggle.
analyze
values?
modern Argue.
times.(10 (10
(10
(10 (10
Marks, Marks,
(10
(10(10
(10
Marks,
Marks,
(10 Marks,
Marks,
Marks,
Marks,
Marks,
150 150
Marks,
150
150 150
150
150
Words)
150 Words)
150150
Words)Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
and
sectors
andcreated
of
created
effects on the
the style
Indian
style
drainageunique
Economy.
unique in
system ofsustainable
inmany
many ways.
theways.
rivers. development?
Elucidate
Elucidate Examine.
(10 (10
(10 Marks,
(10 (10
Marks,
Marks,
Marks, Marks,
150
150150
Words)
150 150
Words)
Words)
Words) Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
IPM / YLM 2022
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 3.3.Can
Give mural
your paintings
Enumerate reasons.
the steps be
takenconsidered
by GOI one
toSeaof the greatest
harness the full traditionsof
potential ofnanotechnology?
paintings of the150
(10 Marks, ancient
Words) beyond
this 3.
3.
3.
3.3.
3.
3.
3.
3.3.Air
What
What
Is
With
In pollution
India
Despite
The
light
Enumerate
“India’s
A
What
world? do
do
the
Great
are on
ofyou
youathedoesn’t
mean
technological
rising
Depression
number
some
subjugation
constantlythe
Discuss of
evolvingby
understand
path tolimit
Agriculture
of
the
was
Constitutional
with Carbon
of itself
meeting
by
statesthe
1930s
unifying Neutrality?
to
its
advancement,term
exports,
having
designed
international
examples. boundaries
Sustainable
had
factors
provisions through Will
snot?
whether
India’s
an of
important
passed
of India’s
any
Development
itDiscuss
can
agri-export
the
environment
regarding bekind,
impact
anti-conversion
different
colonial
the Pledge
its
said
basket
forms on neither
impact
of for
Goals?
that the
India’s
faces
law,
scientific
presented
election, should
Carbon
ona
plans,freedom
number
critically
classical music
Post-Independent
powers, (10 its
Critically
marine
Indianbut
and Neutrality
solution
life
the Evaluate.
banking
of and
struggle.
analyze
in by
be.
constraints.
India.
country
India,
privileges
Marks, 150 the
not
of 2070
In
economic
system
Substantiate
Words) just
the this
3.
3.
3.hasAncient
What
Ancient is Indian
an
Indian Philosophy
aquifer? What
Philosophy and
are
and Culture
the factors
Culture have
that
have played
control
played a
a significant
groundwater
significant role
flow
role in
in conceiving
through
conceiving
(10 an
Marks, and
aquifer?
and150 Words)
margin
this
impact
context,
activity. the
finally
Highlighting
with
rationale interests
discuss
succeeded
examples. these
behind the
of its
inlawconcept
poorest
paving
constraints,
such and ofchallenges.
its and
Airshed
road
enumerate vulnerable
management
toofthe last
various populations?
home?
steps ofrecent
taken air Comment
pollution
ofby (10
the(10Marks,in(10
(10
Marks,India.
Government 150
(10 Marks,
Marks,
150Words)
Marks, 150
150
inWords)
giving
150 Words)
Words)
Words)
margin
gained
with
office
shaping
shaping ofits freedom
opportunities
the
the
the Deputy
Classical
Classical through
but
Speaker
Dances
Dances inthe
Indian
numerous
in
in
views
scientific
India?
India.
India. Also,
Comment
Comment
the judiciary
plans”.
Discuss
highlight Inthe on
view the same.
the
issues
(10
(10
(10
statement,
(10 Marks,
(10
Marks,
regarding
Marks,
(10
Marks, bring
150
Marks,
150
150
Marks,
150
it.out
Words)
150
Words)
Words)
150
the
Words)
Words) Words)
farmers a stake in the export of their
role of Indian scientists during the freedom movement.produce. (10
(10 Marks,
Marks, 150
150 Words)
Words)
(10 Mar, 10 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
IPM / YLM 2022
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
4. his contributions
How is the diversity during freedom
in Indian movement.
culture reflected through its music? (10 Marks,
Explain (10 150 Words)
Marks, 150
beyond
this 4.
4.
4.
4. What
The
Examine
NFHS-5
It
What
The
4.4.Analyze
4. “In
is
Increasing
World
do Phosphorus
Environmental
is time
role you
policies
DoIndia,
Do you
you think
the influential
is
the
survey
India
do
we
agree undergoing
understand
factors
indigenous
of Lord
follow
the
risks cycle?
role
that
acknowledge
security
revealed isa
byof
led
that
aWilliam
recent
faced
whether
Outline
people
separation
repeal
by the
series
the
to theof
term
increasingly
that
India's
and
Bentinck
children
sustainable of
the
ofNational
success
many Total
localdistribution
crises- government
being
largeclimate
‘Secularism’?
of the
communities
can
infunctions
the
use three
aof Fertility
dams
looked
be and
farm
world
energy
of
How
have
Rate phosphate
in powers”.
change,
Portuguese
upon
considered States
is
play
not will
laws of
increasingly
ensures aged
has the
as
as
be in
fallen
in
aand
powered
economic androck
biodiversity
secularism reserves
Local
establishing
non-traditional
developing,
can
ansetbackbelow
epoch no
byof
Examinefor followed
longer and
government
loss, the
their
replacement
the managing
the
virtual the
sustainability? crisis
security
be
social of Words)
production
inand
India
monopoly
looked
and and
level
statement
agriculture
reality in in
threat.
Explain.
this
margin margin
4. for
Universities
India
policies
Indian
upon and
pollution,
different
protecting
Elaborate
theas and
waters.
first
the
administrative the
and
from
withofworld.
natural
time.
only ancient
initiatives
waste
the and
may
crisis.
one
implications
path
Bring
spaces
reforms toout
water
in andmedieval
create
What
followed
the
for in
ecosystems?
British security.
factors
India.
India. India
challenges
holistic
western were
responsible
there
Elaborate. much
to India’s
solutions
Arecountries? would more
Federal
alternatives
forbethis you than
transition
to(10just
Design
suggest
large(10
(10
anda
to
(10premier
and
dams?
Marks,
Marks, its (10
Marks,(10 religious
Marks,
developmental
overcome
Marks, 150
Marks,
impact.
150 these
Analyse.
150150 150
Words) Words)
150 Words)
Words)
Words) Words)
with
reformshelp
artificial in of examples.
India?
intelligence Critically
(AI) andAnalyse
suggest safeguards to put in place (10
(10
(10 to
(10Marks,
Marks,
mitigate
Marks,Marks, 150
150
150 Words)
Words)
these
150 risks.
Words)
Words)
cum academic
outcomes.
existential Comment
threats establishments.
to Humanity?IllustrateSubstantiate with with
examples.
examples. (10 Marks,
150
(10 Marks, 150 Words)Words)
(10
(10 (10
Marks,
Marks, Marks,
150
150 Words)
150
Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
IPM / YLM 2022
5. Can the Lahore congress session of 1929 be considered to have shaped the vision of an
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 5.Independent
Do you think India.
digital Illustrate
media and smartphones have affected Indian society (10negatively?
Marks,2021150Argue
Words) beyond
this 5.
5.
5.
5.
5. Wind
5.How
What
“The
Discuss
Evaluate
What
Despite
Analyze is
far
do one
will
you
Indigothe
India’s
the of
the
meanthe
Revolt
major
developmental
the relevance
impact most
recently
by
of ofdominating
problems
thrustof released
‘Cultural
1859-60
factors
on the Model
holds
posed
affects
Renewable
globalization by
Gandhian geomorphic
Plastic
on of
athe Waste
energy, rise
Environmental
ideology
Indian agents
Management
Conservation’?
very significant
ofindustry"?
still social
regarding
Coal
society inindispensable
shaping
Is
isplace
media
Sustainability?
Sarvodaya the
Amendment
itMinisters?
superior
in
inour
recent
Does earth’s
to
history the
times.
andthat
for surface
Rules,
ofColonial
national
What
Satyagraha
mean
India’s
(10 in
steps
that
energy
Marks, in
150cold
help
model
the as
liberation
Words) this
5.
5.
5.
5. Underline
What
Is
by the
Mention
How do
giving
Elucidate
you
President
relevant
thethe socio-cultural
understand
is
suitable
on thebound
major the to
inland
GVA by factors
the
accept term
the
waterways
data
illustrations.
challenges of for responsible
"high-tech
advice
growth
of India
decentralised of the for
estimation
and
local India’s
Council
explain
in
level of
Indiaskewed
Using
their
planning givensomesex
importance
in that
(10
Indiaratio
of these
Discuss
headline
in
Marks,
and
industries
in context
national
growth
150
steps Words)
taken in
margin
ofwell
achieveasrelationship
in
the
Conservation
movement. arid isclimates.
target of
wherein Explain
making
human India single-use
presence plastics
isemerging
taken (SUPs)
asanti-colonial
a threat free
toIndia? by
nature? 2022? (10
Comment. Marks,
Critically 150 Words) margin
refersFor the first
Is time in themethod
history oftoour (10struggle, its two independent
as
ofhave
current been
Development
needs. time. taken
Enumerate
examples,
the sobetween
highlight far
opposed
the to
steps
some deal
to that with
ofGVAcan
their
President, these
Conservation?
be
key taken Also, reduce
characteristics
Prime Minister threats
suggestthe
and intheir
sustainable
carbon of (10
ways(10
footprint
location (10 Marks,
Marks,
which
of 150
coal
Marks,
factors. 150
address
power
150 Words)
Words)the
Words)
development.
always
this
examine.regard. to GDP? the better thanand
the Council
GDP Ministers
calculation
Marks,(10
(10 150 method?
Marks,
Marks, Words)
150
150 Words)
Words)
currents--
need
plants for bothspontaneous peasant resistance and constitutional agitation
in India. development and conservation effectively. (10
in
(10 Marks,
defence
Marks,
(10 150
150
Marks, Words)
ofWords)
peasantry
Words) –
150 Words)
Analyze. (10(10 Marks,
Marks, 150150Words)
came into mutual contact.” Elucidate. (10 Marks, 150 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
IPM / YLM 2022
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 6.6.The
Describe
reference any fourCurzon.
to Lord
nationalization cultural elements
of the Indian of diversity
economy in Indiadid
of the 1970s and ratemore
India their(10relative
harmMarks,thansignificance
150
good.Words)
Do you beyond
this 6.
6.6.
6.
6.
6.
6.A Despite
Discuss
The stated
Describe
Discuss
What
in
Despite
Amidst
The having
the
building
do
Formidable
What goal
the
the
youa
multilingual
dorising
receiving
you demographic
measures
of
different
significance
multiple
national
understand
social
Blueand
heavyneeded
tribaltypes
facets
Water
understand of of
the
of
identity.
by
discord,
by advantages,
for
empowerment the
dryland
solar
National
Nitrogen
multicultural
rainfall,
Force
do
the you
is
North
what
term that India
e-mobility
Cycle?
environment
think,
East
India
common our
farming
technology
Initiative fairs
methods
as
Bring
secularism
India
is
but on
an poorly
transition
forefathers
out
looking
is has
a in
used
Climate
emerging
its
great
lately
as at,
the in Sports
India
envisioned
in
importance
strength
as to
India.
Resilient
witnessed
founding
differentiated she beat
intervention
aspires
not International
‘just’
still
How
and (10
principle
just
an theand
remains
can
Agriculture
that it
is
Marks,
impact
increased
to
responsibilities?of be
India,
aof help
net
our
How Level.
inclusive’.
aflooddrought
distant
Indian
shaping
150
but Words)
security
also
has
this
margin agree
‘The withthe
6.Agriculture
Compare thefeatures
youngsters view?
who Critically
have
of Ryotwari analyze.
graduated in theof
System subject
and of Agriculture
Mahalvari System, lean
and (10 Marks,
towards
explain other
how 150 Words)
these margin
Identify
dream.
(NICRA)
up the
nitrogen
provider
cycle.
the
constitution
the world.
What
Paris the
Comment
agrarian
infor gaps
adapt
Elaborate
the in
to
augmenting
economy
pollution has
geographic
is Indian
under
Climate India’s
future
on
threat?
Ocean
and
Agreement sports
water
living
of India?
other
Justify
region. governance,
scarcity?
standards
biodiversity across
factors
your
Comment
influenced views.
may the
bediscuss
small and
world. the
responsible
this principle corrective
marginal (10
for
andsystem.
climate (10
farmers
(10
Marks,
this.
(10 strategies
(10
(10
(10 Marks,
Marks,
(10
Marks,
Marks,from
150
Explain.
Marks,Marks,
Marks,
negotiations? needed.
150
150
Words)
150 150
150 Words)
Words)
150
drylands
150 Words) Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
professions
two systems instead of going
are different from back
thetoPermanent
the farms.’ - Analyze
Settlement this statement.
(10 Marks,
(10 150Critically
Words)
Analyze. (10 (10Marks,
(10
Marks, Marks,
Marks, 150
150Words)
150
150 Words) Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond Caste system inagree?
IPM / YLM 2022
7.masses. India isGive
marked by continuity and change. Elucidate (10 Marks, (10 Marks, 150 Words)
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
7.
7. What
What
A doDoyou
effect you
participatory mean
does and by
social‘cold your
wave’?
security
focussed reasons
have
approach Howon does the
poverty?
towards La Nina
Discuss.
urban influence
forestry is the the
need cold
(10
of wave 150conditions
Marks,
the hour Words)
150
in in
Words)
India
this 7.
7.
7.7.Trace
The
Critically
failure
Discuss
Why the
doesevolution
Agroforestry
Friendly
7. What
Give
India examine
of
Carbon
certain
the
is relations
your
Critically
can the
potentialIndo-Lanka
regions
bridges
impact
opinion
examine
lead of
the
with
of
on the
the
theon
efforts need
how
roleCooperative
Compensation
challenges
of India
gap and
Accord
are
to
that
neighboring
gender possible
ofdivision
gender
climate Depth
more
often (1987)
movement
implications
(CCD)
cyber-security
prone was
ofseparates
countries
equality
Nitiadaptation
Aayog labour
inand to
are in
the
mean?pre
result
drought.
due toof
and
agriculture
oncrucial
the
women's
redefining
through the
Assess
the of
post
proposed
Discuss
for many
theIndependent
roll-out
and
India's
development
rights
federalism
Climate haveits
diplomacy factors,
of amendments
ramifications
economic,
forestry
of 5g
ininternal including
India
of
Technology
by
society?
laid
Indiadown
and since
draw social,
building
security.
a its
strongas
in
this aand
India's
the
depth
in
inception.
greater role this
margin
winters
as
response
Forest
an
increase
near of
considering
integrated
Comment. north
its
instigator
Conservation
to
assystems
environmental
future. India?
manifold
agricultural
in
aofresult
Also, forcing
of Act,benefits.
distress
the
1980.
thatanthropogenic
impacts.
suggest possible
address Comment.
agreement
and
both indebtedness.
forward,
warming.
measures and
to developing
environmentaltackleand as
these guarantor (10
challenges.
socio-economic (10
by (10
Marks,
(10(10
(10 (10
Marks,
deploying
Marks, 150
Marks,
Marks, Marks,
150
150
Marks,Words)
Indian
150
objectives.
(10 Marks,150 150
Words)
Words)
150
Words) Words)
troops
Words)
Words)
Explain
150 Words)as
margin
foundation
international development
focus on the in India.
adaptation needs of countries. (10 (10
(10 Marks,
Marks,
Marks,
Elucidate 150 150
150 Words)
Words)
Words)
peacekeepers. Critically examine. (10
(10 Marks,(10Marks, 150
150 Words)
Marks, 150Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
IPM / YLM 2022
8. During World War II, Indian national movement was torn between ousting the British Raj
8. ‘Urbanization in India is said to have accelerated the process of marginalization’. Suggest
Don’t
write
anything
beyond and joining the larger cause of defeating fascism. Comment (10 Marks, 150 Words) beyond
this 8.
8.
8.
8.
8.The steps
Discuss
In idea
view
Despite
Security
Although to
events
ofof
theminimize
of
the
varied
can 9/11
population
contribution
latest
no longer
India-China negative
marked
control
Forest
diversity, beof
the aspects
both
Survey
'idea
seen
relations a
based
Renewable of of
on
Report
through urbanization.
culmination
perks
Energy
India’
started the
on 2021,
has
a of
and
in old as
critically
kept
narrow
positive prism
notewell
penalization
India’s questas
analyze
theillegal
people
of the
is
for
military
during an (10
ifhow
ofThey
the Marks,
inception
outdated
energy of
reforestation
various races,
threats
initial 150
and
security.new
alone.
years andWords)
ain
regressive
Also,
caste,
of and
Elucidate.Asianway this
margin
8.
8.8.India’s
In termshistorical
light
“Human
Groundwater
Proliferation
Though
8.monoculture
Highlight
rising
rights
of
the of past
are
maritime not
contamination
Urban
practice
various has
Greenhouse
of played
amanual
privilege
capabilities,
slums
issues and ainformal
emission
threatens
and critical
out
conferred
Indiathe
scavenging
challenges role
by in
of
is health ofdetermining
internet
the
consistently
settlements
was made
concerning theuse,
government.
being
are
entire foreign
suggest
outperformed
expression
ecosystem.
decades
Intellectual property policy
ofInternet
are every
by
social
ago, it goals
can
human
many
Comment. ofPost-
be
exclusion.
continues
rights in Also,
Indian
itsbe
to margin
geostrategic
to achieve
suggest
languages
Independent
sustainably currents.
sustainable
measures
together.
postindependent India.
used Explain
population
toElucidate
plantations ensure
can
Discuss.
toIndia, it.
the for
achieve in
replace
Chinese context
growth.
atolow-carbon its
natural
aggressionimplications
Comment
forests
world. of and on
their
1962 some India’s
(10
essential
changed the security
Marks,
(10 architecture.
(10
150
ecosystem?
(10Marks,
Marks,
course (10of Marks,
150
theWords)
150 150
Words)
Words)
relation.
Marks, Words)
150 Words)
abeing’s
neighbors.
Explain
whatproblem.entitlement
Agriculture.
Comment.
measures can
Giving by
be virtue
taken
reasons ofits
his humanity.”
mitigate this
continuance, Outline
threat?
examine the roleof(10
the
(10
of
(10
Marks,
Marks,
the 150
constitutional
National
Marks, 150
150
Words)
safeguards
Words)
Commission
Words)
Analyze
for preserving humaninrights in India. What are the challenges(10 Marks,
(10(10 (10
Marks,
in implementing Marks,
150 Words)
150
these 150
Words) Words)
of Safai Karmachari eradicating this practice. Marks, 150 Words)
provisions? Explain. (10 Marks, 150 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
9.
9. The
To whatrevolutionary
IPM / YLM 2022
extent cannationalist
environmental movement
movementevolved under Bhagat
be called a social Singh
movement?as the Trace
emphasis shifted
its journey
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
9.9.away
10.
9. What
The
Climate isthink
frome-DNA
cravings
finance (Environmental
militancy
for and
co-existence
plays heroic
amoving
critical DNA)
action
and the
role in and
to how
creation
catastrophes
helping can it
of of help
the
developing ustoprotect
aofmass-based
World
countriesWars biodiversity?
struggle.
gave
tackle Elaborate.
anthe
impetus
climate change to the
this 9.
9.9.Analyze
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
Does
Do
Inin
Is
How
Give you
“India
Inlight
has
the
“Technology
The
What
the
perhaps
of
modernity
Highlight
Indian
are the
reasons
era new
post-independent
regionalism
India
major
of
Green
that
idea
for initiatives
essentially
the
needs
slowly
of
presents
and Israeli India.
increase
‘Work
increasing
the
Buildings?
taken
lead
from
thein
arelationship
adigitalization,
threat
threats to Bhoodan
Indian
posed by
by
the
to
opportunity
Do you
the
movement
away
cultural
unmanned
Home’
frequency
law needs
do to
think
government
decentralization
pollution
from
values?
forced
of levels
today
coal,
aircraft
severe
to
expedite
not be
compete
green us to
to
and
due
briefly
Examine India
power?
to
address
discuss
systems
adaptedredefine
tropical
with
buildings to
magnify
one
can
(10 the
to
cyclones boost
stubble issue
the the
Substantiate
burning
(10
facilities
protect
theformal
another
help
Marks,that
and
impact
but
food-processing
Marks,
in
your
ofcomplete
poor
opportunities
(10
related
and
are
safeguard
address
150 to150
answer
informal
developing
of
the
Words)
Northern
farmers
and
Marks, Words)
inand
critical
fundamental
humanitarian
carbonone 150
the Words) this
margin formation
and
sector.
with
parts adapt
relevant
of the toof International
its
countryimpacts.
examples is a organizations
Discuss
legacy of the Green in the twentieth
Revolution? century.
Elucidate (10(10 (10
Marks, Marks,
Substantiate.
(10 Marks,
Marks, 150 150
250
150 150
Words) Words)
Words)
Words)
margin
farmer
challenges
Arabian
rights.
relief
another.
challenge suicide”.
infrastructure
organization In that
Seathis
efforts”. in
Comment.
and
the
ofand
In Innational
work?
context,
the
this
harness this
coal-based
past context,
bring
decade.
context
an out discuss
industries
security.
theHow
explain
opportunity forthe
need
the willforrole
role face
prepared played
in
Digital
of ICT
sustainable
the
isin by Vinoba
coming
India’s
Rights and
disaster
development Bhave
years.
Security
(10 Marks,
challenges
(10
management.
(10 in
(10
Marks,
India? to150
bring
Marks,
apparatus
150
Marks,
concerningabout
150
to150
Words)
Words)
Comment. itsa
Words)
mitigate
Words)
“Bloodless
effective Revolution”
these threats? Evaluate
implementation. in India's land reforms programme. (10
(10 Marks,
(10 Marks,
(10 Marks,
Marks, 150
150 Words)
150 Words)
Words)
150 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
IPM / YLM 2022
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 10. Comparing Western and Indian model of Health
secularism, discuss whether the Indian concept of beyond
this 10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
How globalization
India,
What
Does
Highlight
Compare
does
One
Describing
were
Critically
Critically
Climate
The
Asian
theof
the
the the
examine
the issues
scheme
evaluate
finance
current
desert
World’s
salient
events dust
that
eventually
various
that
the
plays
impasses of have
pros
a
in top
features
led
the
affect
forms3ofcons
to
lead
fuelled
“Parliamentary
and
critical the
role
Indian
Methane
ofto
international
Soil
Fall
social summer
emitters,
of Saigon
‘cultural
insurgencies
of
in divisions
Sovereignty”
raising
helping the inmonsoon?
Card and committed
Scheme,
(1975)
homogenization’?
India.
inas
India
minimum
developing
organisations likeWhat Also,
during
with
prevalent
legal to
analyse
the
are
countries
WTO suitable
in the
age
can (10
explain
atackle
of
be Marks,
how
sustainable
whether
Vietnam
Critically possible
British examples
marriage 150
monsoon
the
War?
analyze
ways
Constitution
climate
held as for Words)
future,
scheme
How did it
to as
women
change
turning this
margin 10.
10.
10. secularism
Does
Illustrate
Nationalism
Bring India
out
influences is
with
need
the
the flawed
aligned
examples
to
role
dust of compared
upgrade
with how
Research
thereby to
imperialism
its and
forming the
Agro-climatic
disaster western
management
led
development
a positive one.
Europe
zones into
hold
feedback systems?
disaster
key
agriculture
loop.for
in
Justify
crop
1914.
& (10 Marks,
diversification
alliedyour
Elaborate
answer
sectors
(10 150
to
Marks,withWords)
in
meet India
150 the
Words) margin
has
has 21decided
helped
impact the
legitimately
against
to
and
points years.
adapt toitsstay
mitigate
self-image
tackle
“popular
to
towards away
soil
such
impacts.of from
degradation
the
insurgencies?
sovereignty”Discuss
de-globalization. Global
United
in and
India.
Examine.Methane
improve
States
Has asthis Pledge
the lot
a world
principle and
of of
power? Forest
farming Conservation
communities
(10 Marks,
(10
“popular (10
(10
(10
Marks,
150
(10
Marks,
Marks, Declaration
inWords)
Marks,
(10Words)
150
sovereignty”
Marks,
150
150
India.
Marks,150
been
150
Words)
Words)
Words)
150 Words)
Words)
examples.
objectives of nutritional security and improvement in farm (10
income. Marks,
(10(10 Marks,
(10 150
Marks,
Marks,150
Words)
150 150
Words)
Words)
Words)
at Glasgow (COP26).
eroding in India? Argue. Examine the reasons for it. (10
(10 Marks,
Marks, 150
150
(10 Marks, 150 Words) Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM / YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM / YLM 2022
11. To what extent the revenue policies of the British represented the advancement over preBritish era
11. Evaluate the contribution of Jainism and Buddhism to Indian culture. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
11. policies?
“National Explain
Highways cutting across wildlife corridors lead to atrade-off
barrier effect(15 Marks, 250 Words)
this 11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.Policies
Was
The
11.
It The
Plate
Examine
What it
rule
Literature
Despite of
the
criteria
is considered
Buddhism's
Explain
India
The is had LPG
tectonics
ofhowalaw
having
Quantum
Indian the era,
isweakening
has
is
astrong
Panacea
that
impactall indicate
ofmigration
an of
devolution
probably
British
the
fascination for ofan
Mughal
important
— both
the
essential
technology? all
with imbalance
funds
dominion
environmental
Constitutionof tropical empire
role
societal
caves
How
envisaged from
external
“most to
elements
cyclones or inthe
the
play
and
fundamental
deliberately
ills
policy
can
the and
manifested
India
and in
and
equality
maintaining
in rise
Union
place,
a into of
formation
internal
powerful
western
benefit —
feature”
shattered
India
some
legislative
of from
power
the
regional
todisturbances
theframework
State
hasof
of
lags
tool
of the
it? empires
forhas
various
shaped
modern
far
traditional
spectacular
Also,
High behind
effectivebetween
ondiscuss
but
Court the that
undergone
landforms
both, afor
led
Indians
constitutions
China
and
has wild
ease
to
on
learning.
rock-cut
climate
some
judges
the
changes ofBritish
earth.
and
and
world-famous
and
cave
veryof
of in
itsthe
Indian
Vietnam
art
weak and
India.
the
Supreme this
margin animals”.
doing
conquest
15th finance
Discuss.
languages Comment.
business
in
from and
India?
Commission
ancient Suggest
environmental
Critically some
analyse.
compared
times. remedial
conservation”.
with the measures
14th Clarify to
Finance tackle
it. habitat
Commission.
(15 (15 fragmentation.
Marks,
(15 (15
Marks,
– Marks,
Examine
Marks,250 250
250 250
Words)
its
Words)
Words) Words) margin
success
handicrafts
Elucidate
constraints depends
in thejudges,
Global
architecture
implementation
Court with
on on
ofinIndian
India.
Value
India.how
examples
record.
however, the
Comment
Chainwithjudiciary
ofin
Illustrate
progress
In
in thisrespect
recent with
context,
this responds
Electronictocomment
the
years, Indian
help
field?
there of to
Products.
has emerging
literature.
onWhat
examples.
been theanneed challenges.
could
(15 be
Marks,
to(15
erosion inthe
form
(15(15
Marks,Discuss
reason
250
Marks,
Marks,
thean toWords)
Words)
for
250
independent
250
250
standing ofwhat
this? Do
Words)
Words) All
the you
High
implications ontojudiciary
both Centre andused (15 Marks, 250 Words)
extent
India
Court, the Indian
thinkEnvironmental
recent
leading steps have
anbyimbalance
the government
Service. inStates.
thetheareRule
federal of Lawtotoof
sufficient
structure ensure
overcome (15 (15
protection
these
the judiciary. Marks,
to, and,the250
constraints?
Marks,
Discuss 250 the Words)
Analyze
Words)
factors
welfare
leadingof toall
theofcentralization
people. of the Judiciary and its implications. (15(15 Marks,
(15Marks, 250250
Marks, Words)
250 Words).
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
adequate pace. Do you
IPM / YLM 2022
12. Eighteenth century India failed to make progress economically, socially or culturally, at an
12. What were the changes brought by the Bhakti and Sufi movement in Indian society? Briefly
agree with this statement? Comment. (15
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 12.Analyse
12. “Free and
Analyze
emphasize the fair election
problem
impact
on the ofof is
ocean
contributionthecurrents
chemical‘basic structure’
pollution
on
ofProtection
any two and
coastal
Bhaktiofthermal
our constitution
countries
and pollution
Sufi across
Saints. and
in
the theit Marks,
globe.
(15 isMarks,
the 250belts’
‘industrial
Explain
250
Words)
‘heartbeat’
with of
of
suitable
Words) beyond
this 12.
12.
12.
12. Discuss
Will
The
In
Howthe
Describe
The the
abrupt
Critically how
1st
sculptures
effect theof Mughal
proposed
decade
end
examine to of
and
structure
the Bengal
the arts
Personal and
Non-Cooperation
the 20th
paintings
and
measures architecture
Data
century,Movement
the
exemplifies
renaissance
relief features
taken was
by ofwere
Bill
atmosphere
Indian
strong
the
India influenced
ledmeet
Hindu
in to the
was
Mythology.
enough Kush
recent to by
make
times the
objectives
disintegration,
ripe for contemporary
the
Discuss.
Himalayas.
to its of enabling
disorganization
emergence
presence
mitigate (15
What Marks,
the feltSafavids
aof
impact and
250
across
negative will in Iran,
trilliondollar
Words)
the this
margin democracy.”
Genuine
12.India.
12.examples.
‘Twenty Suggest
Highlighting
Discuss the
years Critically
democratic
alternative
policies
the challenges
after examine
elections
needed
India to do
‘business
faced the
not
improve
enacted by
therole
models’
the of
guaranteethe
foras
inclusive
Mining
Biological Election
democratic
eco-friendly
sector
job commission
governance
opportunities
in
Diversity India,
(BD) of
industrialization
elaborate
and
Act, India
but are
increase
2002, (15how in
a ensuring
prerequisite
therein
Mineral
the
Marks,
the law 150
needs free
Words)
aof a margin
Ottoman
digital
demoralization
revolutionary
the
nation
receding
impact in
ofEmpire
economy
theglaciers
19th
climate in
and
groups
among theto
Century-
in
change Mediterranean,
helping
thefill
this nurture
nationalist
up the
region
Critically a
vacant
might as
ranks. well
competitive
space
AnalyzeYet
have onin European
the
theecosystem?
the
endpolitical
of
Indian Renaissance
1927 Critically
map
Summerwouldof(15the
markartists,
Examine
Monsoon?country.
Marks,
(15 the but at the
beginning
250 same
Critically
Explain.
Marks, Words)
250 Words)
and
for fair elections
it.
review’.
Clarifying
Conservation
involvement of
and in India.
the
small
Elaborating
statement,
Development
and
the
critically
medium-sized
(Amendment)
statement,
examine
enterprises
analyze
the
Rules,
the
recent
in2021
recently
steps
theproposed
Indian
will help taken
Economy.(15 (15
for
overcome
changes Marks,
electoral
in 250
Marks,
them.
the act. Words)
reforms
250 Words)
time
new
Examine preserved the existing artistic traditions of India
upswing in the national movement. Discuss the factors behind(15 such as that of Rajputs.
this(15 (15
dramatic
Marks, Marks,
Marks, 250 250
reversal? Words)
Words)
in India. (15(15 (15
Marks,
(15 Marks, 250250
Marks,
Marks, 250 Words)
250
Words)
250Words)Words)
Words)
(15 Marks,
250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this 12. Infrastructure
12. The monumentspossesses
built by the potential
rulers to fuel India's
of Vijayanagara growth,
Empire but itreflect
at Hampi has notthe
kept pacestyle
unique to meet
of Indian this
margin demands of the time. Comment. Also, discuss the reforms needed to enable Infrastructure to fuel margin
architecture that developed during their rule. Elaborate (15 Marks, 250 Words)
India's growth. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
13.
13. Trace
Explain thewith
expansion
examples IPM / YLM 2022
andthe consolidation
various styles of British
of templerulearchitecture
in India in in theIndia,
second withhalfspecial
of
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
Eighteenth
emphasis on century.
Dravidian architecture. (15 (15 Marks,
Marks, 250250Words)
Words)
this 13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13. A
Why
The
13. InGDP
Bring
Discuss have
Discuss growth
out
the
celebration
light
Critically
An
What
Discuss of
important
Despite
Indian do
are the
yourare
the
the
discuss
the
model
his approach
earth
role
factors
of
recent of
the
environmental
understand
possible
firm milestone
Delegatedof the metals
that that
‘knowledge’
strategies
commitment
federalismrole
inbythe integrates
gained
contributed
close ties
formation
women
impact
the
Legislations? of in
cultural an
formulated
concept
can
of
strengthens
to principles
increased
economy
toIndia's
between British
nature
IN-SPACe,
history
play
of
Non-Violence
Discuss, the air
by
in East
and of
importance
and
inefficient
the
mass
of
the
Union
with as ‘deep
India
discussman
medieval
government
sustainable aecology'
inscope
explainthe
Company
is
the
modification?
shown
help water
government
of in India
the
examples,
last
howand along
few
becoming
predominant
conservation
usage?
of was
India potential
Briefly
the
Do
Chauri-Chaura
more the than with
todecades?
‘skill-bias’
theme
silent
need,you
increase
explain the
inOutline
manifests
rulers
of from
many
ofconstitutionality
the think
the
revolution
environment.
the
states,private
the
incident, their
in
traders?
of
in the
factors
butsteps
at and this
margin 13.‘precautionary
“India’s
distribution
such a national
and
scenario.and movement
its
Inpolluter
impact
light on
of not
pays only
growth
the ongoingempowered
principle
of is expected
industries the women
to
across
transformational conserve
the but also
‘natural
world.
shifts, what feminized
are(15capital’
theMarks,
key the
at men”.
a
150
features Words) margin
art
the forms
responsible
suggested
Also,
society
Gandhiji
the same
limitations associated
commercializing
sector participation
list
on in
some
known
forthe
time, it
several
of the
of
draft
andaswith
in
the
state-level
delegated space
the
its
occasionsthe
public
National North-Eastern
sector
challenges
role
Sufi
government
was
legislations in India.
enterprises
in
andmacro-climatic
water
Bhakti
hindering
losingpolicy region
What
Movement.
their
2020,
structures
under his
the of
are
changes.
faith our
the country.
challenges
participation
for
have
in
Indian Discuss
theefficient
been ablein
efficacy
parliamentary use Elucidate.
to(15
of in
Environmental
of(15
(15
Marks, (15
fulfilling
water,
assert Marks,
Marks, Marks,
their250
Non-violence
system. this
sufficient?
250
250
Words) was of
250
andWords) Words)
Words)
independence
Commenting
sustainable
the ‘future
potential? ofon
level. the
work’ statement,
Elucidate.
inthis
India? also highlight the contribution of women (15 leaders
(15
Marks,
(15 (15 in250
Marks,
Marks,
Marks, India’s
250
Words)
250250 Words)
Words)
Words)
Critically
conservation.
willing
in different examine.
to deviate
politicalfrom contexts.path.Clarify.
Do you agree? Elucidate with examples. (15(15Marks,
(15 Marks,
Marks,
(15 250 250
Marks, Words)
250 Words)
Words)
250 Words)
freedom struggle. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 13.
13.What is Inflationof
The celebration and
IPM
IPM
thewhat
/ YLM
/ YLM
closeare
2022
tiesthe measures
between applied
nature and by
mantheisgovernment in policy
a predominant thememaking
in manytoofcheck
the
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin inflation?
art forms Also, discuss
associated the the
with effects of Inflation region
North-Eastern on Economy. (15 Marks,
of our country. 250 Words)
Elucidate. margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond in Indian society?
IPM / YLM 2022
14. How effective were the social reform movements of nineteenth century in bringing a change
Critically Evaluate. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
14.
14.
14.
14.
14. Briefly
The
What isoutline
Women
distribution
Technological
Critically
Though the
the analyzethe
of important
rights’ question
major
significance
solutions
Periodic the of
to
global
Labor features
in
climatic
the colonial
Kigali
increase
patent
Force ofAmendment
types various
India
provides
irrigation
regime,
Survey with
(PLFS) forms
hardly
a basis
tomost
productivity
focus
shows ofan
the puppetry
received
for the
division
Montreal
on in India
the in India.
priority
of the
Protocol
cannot
pharmaceutical
increment in What
itway
deserved.
world
make
worker forof steps
into
the
much have
Do
global
sector.
to you
major
this 14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14. Compare
Equity
Explaining
The and
negative
Revolutions,
How
14.How
Examinecan
the
Examine and
digitalContrast
Justice
the
whether
Anthropogenic
the evolution
critically and
concept
image of
the the
in
technology not
of
the art,
Russia
of the architecture,
and
activities net-zero
ecosystem,
state governors
(1917)
increased
jurisdiction
various over
facets or
of isSC
time inand
the
enumerate
as practices
key
above
China
community
has
of
economicIndiatopolicies
the all
(1949),
affectedas “an
a of
achieving
the IVC
critical
agent
are
engagement a with that
theofBritish
Paris
factors
the
disastrous
constitutional
of be
distribution,
the used of
court.toits
Agreement’s
causing
centre” contemporary
has ecosystem
preserve
availability,
in India proved
from and
and this
margin been
agree?
naturaltaken
climate
headway Justify
regions.at
action
unlessdifferent
your
plan?
pricing levels
arguments.
Elucidate.
Also, to preserve
elaborate
policies ofthe on them?
the
Agriculturalneed for
inputs India
are to develop
putpoverty
on(15 (15
thethe(15
a (15Marks,
Marks,
Marks,
national
right
Marks, track
250 250
250
250 Words)
strategy
and Words)
Words)
for
farmers margin
population
Mesopotamian
temperature
changes?
difficult
transforming
further
quality How
to
propagate
of
ratio
natural
mid-eighteenth andand
goals.
a does
erase.
country.
the narrowing
InEgyptian
Examine.
this
this
resources?
century change
context,
Comment
reach of
affect
ofDiscuss
tillthe Arts and gender
Civilization.
human
critically
with
independence. Culture? gap
suitable
in the
well-being
examine
What employment
role
examples. and
role (15of(15
can the in
Marks,
Marks,
(15
recent
(15
Governor
government
(15 250
Marks,
Marks, Marks,
250
alleviation?
(15 in
Words)
play
250 inWords)
past,
250
Words)
State
250
Marks,
the
thisWords)
Words)
Words) 250 Words)
achieving
are incentivized
unemployment its target
for under
scenariosavingof IndiaMontreal
water. remains protocol
Elucidate in
disappointing.the coming
Bringing year.
out (15
the
(15(15 Marks,
Marks,
reasons
Marks, 250
for250
250 Words)
Words)
the
Words)
Politics in India.
regard? (15
(15 Marks,
Marks, 250 250 Words)
Words)
same, suggest measures to overcome them. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

Don’t
write
IPM
IPM/ /YLM
IPM YLM -2022
/ YLM2023 Don’t
write
anything anything
beyond beyond
this
14.
14. Agro-based industries
‘Social capital are vital
and human to the
capital are growth of complementing.’
mutually our economy. In light of this
Discuss howstatement, examine
this promotes this
margin how unfair trade practices can hamper India’s agro- based industries. Also, elucidate how trade margin
inclusive village economics in India. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
remedies are adopted by the Government of India for the protection of agro-based industries.
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything 15. What
15. Elaborate
do you on understand IPM / YLM 2022
the series ofby events which led
regionalism? to the
Does partition oflead
it essentially India. Do you think it could
to decentralization of
Don’t
write
anything
beyond have been
power? avoided?
Substantiate Give
your justification
answer with for your argument.
relevant examples. (15
(15 Marks,
Marks, 250250 Words) beyond
this 15.
15.Globalization
15.
15.
15.
15.
15. How
Do
What
Why
The you
Despite
Suggest
How
Land
Bring
What far
Highlight
Analyse do
does
were
Identifying doclimate
wethe
the
think
were
the you
the doesn’t
get
Parliamentary
major
degradation
out the
the
the agree
various
nature
India’s
Government's
factorsand
sufficient
initiatives
major lead
with
steps
diversity
that
Committees
affects
change
various
major factors
ways to
extent the
loss
that view
have
of
is
efforts,
groundwater
across
people
worsen
industrial in of
the identity
acting
contributedwhy
ports,that
been
general
responsible
in and
whichthe there
taken
Human-wildlife
toas
does a
infor
one
shipping
and
ecosystems
corridors existing and
the
Nationalism
of is culture,
to
cohesive
National
India an
has
place
the
& uneven
revamp, itand
conflict
force
consciousness
low
and not
Public
waterways
inequality
stagnation
India, throughout
manifested
Discuss merely
to
in relationship
restructure
in
much
Accountsthat
the
acreage,
poverty
their changes
India.
unite
indigenizationinthe
against
planet
itself
and
Whybetween
thethem
inanother?
will
Committee redesign
country
the
in
propel
for are
the
production,
and
India
significance for
India’s
current
in
British the
defense
Also,
the
(PAC)
isduring
countries
both
and the
the
in
Indian
and in Words)
present
India?
explain
affected
Colonial
challenges
this
margin margin
better,
resources
existing
strategies
times?
sector?
the incorporating
causative
particular,
maritime
around
by
productivity
climate
the and
not
Examine
Whatsector itspulses
governmental todemography,
factors
ensure
world?
change
of itsnew
sufficient
more needs
for
Examine
and to and bemore
structure
address
to causing
ingroundwater
administrative
next level
contributes
India. to
done
of
and
Whatdiverse
meet
it?
toCan
for social
the ingredients
moving
India
contamination
growth
fiscal
it.
reform in misery,
emerging
to
accountability
Discuss.the and
and
towards
achieveand
coming
measures the undermining
processes.
challenges
steps
years.
wouldof the faced
co-existence
vision
that
you of Critically
(15
could
Executive
(15 growth?
by
Marks, Indian
help
self-reliance
Marks,
be taken
towards
250 examine.
Critically
Civil
mitigate
250in
to
Words) its
theWords)
improve
rule?
for equitable and sustainable economic growth. (suggest
(15
15(15Marks,
in
Marks,
Marks, this
250
250 regard?
250 Words)
Words)
Words )
comment
Services.
Human-Wildlife
defense architecture?
groundwater conflict
quality and in India.
availability Discuss
in the future?
Legislature. To what extent PAC has been effective in its role. Analyze (15
(15 (15
Marks,Marks,
(15
Marks,
(15 (15
Marks,Marks,
250
Marks,
250
(15 Marks,
(15 Marks, 250
Words)Words)
250
Words)
250 250
250
250 Words) Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022
15. Is there a need for India to go for a “technology revolution” to accelerate the growth in agriculture
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this 15.sector?
Critically analyze coexistence ofthe
rationality and supernaturalism in Indian this
margin Write in brief on some of transformative discoveries that can be society.
utilized in smart margin
agriculture and bring about the said “technology revolution”. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 16. The theyout
Bring were theactive
reasons
IPM / YLM 2022
revolutionaries".
for the prevalence Examine
of childthe marriages
role playedinby women
India? Willrevolutionaries
thethe
raising in
of the
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
16.
16.
16.What
Thereregional
Describing
isis need economic
permaculture?
the toconcept
regulate inequality
Identifying
of Integrated
Common soon
its after
Watershed
positive
property India's
impacts,
resources Independence
Management,
clarify
such as to possessed
discuss
what
High extent
Seasthe roleit can
of
Ecosystem, potential
be an
to to
effective
this 16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16. India’s
Enumerate
Discuss
Trace
Critically
and
Highlighting
legal age
Illustrate
16.India
Discuss
Whatcannot
Despite
How doarefreedom
the
ofthe
with
the
the possible
examine
evaluate
marriage
the
Marine the movement.
salient
role
examples
geo-economic
become the
provisions
ideological
Heat afeatures
ways
of major
role
for the
Waves onof
various
girls of
how
various
prosperous
related
causes
difference
in caste
extension
the
helpto
of
theand
in system
technology
Finance
bodiesways
the
Indian
the programs
mitigate
to in
persisting
economic
views in
can
which
protection
Ocean India.
Commission
combat
the of act
of
issue?
the as
the How
a
in has
panacea
discrimination
regional
superpower
Wetlands
influence
Mahatma inequalities
onin the
agricultural
menaceensuring
Discuss of in
money
the
Monsoon
Gandhi, (15
is
India?
of(15
just
sector
back
S Marks,
character
realizing
and
Marks, in
laundering
perpetuated
various
Discuss
of
pattern?
C a
Bose, of
the
equitable
India.
250
broken
parts
What 250
caste
the
and Words)
changed
various
Suggest
Words)
in
against
of to in
India,
need
and
India.
Nehru,
this
margin disturb
solution
enforce national
technologies
for
its India.
and unity
local
conservation and political
communities
and stability.
equitable for the
use. However, it was
management
Highlighting of
the well digested,
watersheds
need, enumeratein(15 absorbed
India.
Marks,
various andWords)
250 margin
India
explain
women in
different
resource
antiquated
How recent
Sustainable
farthe
highlight
they
measures
had measures
sharing
inhave times?
Development
challenges
different
criminal
the
deep
and the among
toaffection,
importance
Command improve
in
aspects
justice
strategies
love, canGoals
the
having
of local
ofbe
system.
Areaan
urban(SDG)
technology
Ecosystem
and
taken to in
bodies,
effective
life.
respect India.
states,
What
Development
In this dissemination
services
regard,
mitigate
for can
eachand
Anti-Money
be the
Programme
provided
suggest
its union.
done
other.
impact?and adoption
tobeen
deal
sweeping
by (15
(15successful
laundering Marks,
with
Wetlands
Elucidate and
with at
regime
such(15
Marks,
farmer's
250
in
holistic
in
(15our Marks,
250
Words) 250
Words)
fields.
India. Also,
discrimination?
indevelopment
examples
Marks,eliminating
reforms
250 Words)
Words)
mitigated
measures through
needed. certain measures. Comment (15 (15
Marks, Marks,
(15 Marks,
250 250 250
Words)Words)
Words)
discuss
needed
these the
policies, possible
differences?
in the
urbanworking roleofofthe
planning, Information
andcourts,
climate technology
police,
change in combating
andmitigation
prison efforts. money
administration (15
(15in
(15 (15
laundering
(15
Marks,
India.
Marks,
Marks, Marks,
Marks, 250
250 250
250 250
Words) Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
(15 Marks, (15 250
Marks, 250 Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022
16. ‘Montreal protocol remains the single most successful international agreement to date on ozone
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this 16.layer
17. Do you
The think privacy
economic policies
conservation’.
has been
of the
Elaborate.
traditionally
ruling class and
(15 Marks,
insignificant
250 the miseriesand
Words) thatcontinues
it caused to
in have less scope
the society was with this
margin margin
regard
one to primary
of the India’s socio-cultural milieu?
reasons that gave riseArgue
to bothyour case.and American revolution.
French (15 Marks,Elaborate.
250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
17.Discuss
17. Detailing
geopolitics
thethe IPM / YLM 2022
effect of colonialism
effectiveness
affected
of population
livelihoods in
on Indian
India?
controlexports,
measures discuss howWill
in India. the changes
(15
decreased
Marks,
in population
250
world
Words)
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
17.
17. What
Climate
lead doachange
youdevelopmental
toradically
bettermeanis a by
standard India
threat –
ofof Plastic
and
living? an Pact? Explain
opportunity.
Critically In
Analyzeits need,
this significance,
context elaborate (15 and
on challenges
the
Marks, role
250of in
the
Words)
this 17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.Judiciaries
17. In
How
Howcontrast
Explain
Highlight
Highlight
What
Discuss
Advent
‘Indian
17.the
Giving far
is the
the
of all
to
the
does
B over
China’s
possible
pluralism
a brief
Development-induced of
democratic the
salient
geography
role
R has isnew
account world
coercive
features
encryption
Ambedkar's aare
agriculture
reasons
defined
of role
politics by
major
displacementone-child
efforts
ofdealing
as
behind
in and
the
technology
place a with,
policy,
security
Government’s
play an
technologies what
altered
nation-builder,
why
India
multiple
and has
minor
due India
layers
to has
of
relief
dams India
important
our
and
resulted might
measuresJal
to
not
in pivoted
market be
Jeevan
digital
role in
strengthen
been
the
coexistence,
features
and canals called
undertakento
policies
able
collapse
of education
the
to
oceans,
is ofa
Mission?
lives?
attracting
(15
conflicts, rights
by
in the
social
achieve
the How
Marks,
crop revolution,
andfar
pollutants?
250
fabric
caste
and
discuss
ecologically persuasive
government
have atowell
they
Words)
Evaluate
diversification?
significant
the and
system
damaging build
but
significance
as awith
just this
margin transition
private sector towards
in the a circular
struggle foreconomy
a greener for plastics in India. (15
future. (15Marks,
Marks, 250250250 Words)
Words) margin
technological
social
deal
been
the
societyhelp
Discuss campaigns
with
successful
empowerment
also ledandof
in
accommodation’.
ofdehumanizing.
as recently therevolution,
left-wing
suitable
todetail.
stronger
of to
women
rise
launched ofachieve
and
extremism
inEmphasizing
ensuring
examples
nation.
SeainBed
caste
Identifying population
a
its demographic
in
water
Whatin India.
society
identities.
each
Mapping
the of hiscontrol
conservation
context
was of
these revolution.
New
vision
Comment
under
statement, since
and
Delhi.
of
aspects,
the the
India
One
discuss bringHow
water 1970s.
after
out
Ocean
the can
securityCommenting
the in
Independence?
variousthe (15
key
Summit.(15 Indian
(15
(15India?
(15 judiciary
Marks,
Marks,
(15
Marks,
lessons
ecological on
Marks, the
250
Marks,
250
that
Marks,
and
Words)
250
Words)
can
250250
Words)
socialbe Words)
Words)
Words)
respond
statement,
drawn to the
assess
changes
from theofIndian
consequences how and
far have
ensure
water experience India’s
that it
population
remains
with pluralism
resources development. themeasures
‘temple been
of justice’.
successful.
(15
(15(15 (15
Marks,Marks,
Marks,
(15
Marks, 250 250
Marks,
250250 Words)
Words)
250
Words)
Words)Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this 17.
18. Discuss the benefits that
British imperialism stem ultimately
in China from spaceled
exploration for a country. (10 Marks,
to it’s subjugation-socially, 150 Words)
economically and this
margin 17. The male domination of the ‘new and modern women’ is being done through novel system of neo- margin
politically.
patriarchy. Elucidate.
Substantiate. (15
(15Marks,
Marks,250
250Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
18. Examine
18. Poverty and the Inequality
IPM / YLM 2022
educationalispolicy a problem of the that deserves
British withmorea brief attention
note oninthe India. Discussvstheir
Orientalist
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
18.
18. Critically examine the continued application of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act to
this 18.Social
18.
18.
18.
18.
18. India
How
Despite
What
18.
18.
18. Assess
The domedia’s
implications
Anglicists
The mountain
Tracinghas
Discuss
does
major
Elaborate
In light
the
the
Devolutionofthedebate.
several
the
on
impact
and
evolution
anthropogenic
recorded suggest
ecosystems
efforts,
the
achievements
role
Green
of term
crops of
the of LGBTQ
the on
of
India
reasonsTruman
Hydrogen
power to
society
how
of the
ofPolicy
have
for
local Right
mean? isremains
India
Hindu
Environmental
highest
warming
education lossand
Doctrine
thebeen
high
bodies,
increasingly
intoshould
What
(GHP)
Kush
Impact
intra-seasonal
terrestrial
Education
ideally
andare
greenhouse
as
becoming
address
Himalayas
announced
envisioned (RTE)them.
Assessment,
a Marshall
mirage
thewater summer
forstorage
problems
distributed
gasby the
PlanAct,evident,
need
emissions
bythe discuss
tribal
monsoon
in
2009
faced
according
in
Ministry by asthis
(15
anrecent
and
escalating
to
from
of
Constitution,
avariability
integrated
its
population tool
Marks,
(15
examine
their
the
in
community?
the
Power,
the
in 250
Marks,
and
significance
decades.
specific
Cold the hands
Words)
250
India.
Bringfor
amplify
In
gaps
War.
Agriculture outof
Words)
this
the and
Critically
geographic
delineate
remains an sector.
its
this
margin fight
18.context,
Trace insurgency
the
socio-political
transboundary
developmental rise of in
actors
ecosystem
projectsparts
militancy
to inof India.
in
influence Punjab
approach
India. and at
Also, during
build
the the 1980s
opinions
landscape
critically on and
scale
analyse discuss
important
for
the (15
how
issues.
conservation
impact of Marks,
it
draftwas
Discuss
and
EIA250 Words)
resolved.
sustainable
2020 Is margin
the
risk causes
commentof
which
climatic
Can future
discuss
needs
onand flash
tosuggest
the
be
the steps
requirements.
“Climate-Smart” droughts
challenges
filledchanges
taken to in and
India?
that
improve
by thethat
Critically
Agriculture suggest
canWhat
the
examine
help be remedial
made
implications
learning
Government
reducehasGHG in the
steps
outcomes
tothrust
bring waycan
needed
them
emissions India
inthis have
to
manages
schools
onand
equalimprove
move on
in agriculture,
its
India.
footing
(15 the
towardswater
literacy
withIndia’s
(15Marks,
Marks, mainstream
250250Words)
Words)
significance
unfinished
the current
development. and
task.
peace challenges
Does
enduring?
Explain.
that associated,
mean
Give your in
IndiaIndia’s
opinion. failed intowards
its Green
experiment (15
(15 Economy.
in decentralization?
Marks,
Marks,
(15 250
250
Marks, Words)
Words)
250Words)
Words)
notification
resources?
ecosystem,
rate among
society. on
and
target of “net-zero” the
tribals.
water Environmental
availability?
evaluate. emissions by 2070? Explain. Protection measures in India. (15 (15(15 (15
Marks,
Marks,
(15 Marks,
Marks,
(15 250 250
250
Marks,
Marks, 250
Words)
Words)
250 Words)
250 Words)
Words)
Critically (15(15Marks,
Marks, 250
250Words)
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022
18. “In the coming years, emerging technologies will fundamentally change border management”. In
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin this context, discuss the role of technology in Border Management. (10 Marks, 150 Words) margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this 19. What are the key objectives of Green India Mission? Examine its significance in this
margin 18. “Secularism succeeds if State is impartial to both majority and minority communities”. Elaborate. margin
afforestation movement of India (15 Marks, 250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything 19.
19.To make political
Highlighting
IPM / YLM 2022
the independence more meaningful,
major issues concerning women there were
in India, certainthe
discuss weaknesses in the
role of self-help
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
19. Indian
groups
The social
and
Cascades structure
other
of women’swhichorganizations
cloudbursts, needed
glacier to be in
bursts, strengthened.
addressing
and subsequent Discuss
them? the statement
landslides are(15 in context
Marks,
becoming 250
more of
Words) beyond
this 19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19. How
19.Assess
India’s
No
Do does
the
Highlighting
Explain
Tracing
stone
you
Throwing
Reflect
How
How has how
on
does
Discuss
Gandhiji's the
new
think
the the
unique
should
light
India's
technology
the
Constitutionalism need use
evolution
some
the of
role
pattern
of
Surrogacy
effective
be
uponleft
large
melting
constructiveof ‘Veto
played
the
of
the
of of Power’
issues
Water
events
variety
atransformed
strong
envisages by
thepatriarchy
Regulation
unturned
land of
Policy
reforms
of in
that
Arctic
Renewables
programme.
checks paralyses
India
falls
the
ledto
Existing
is
are
wildlife
the in
lives
ice
and being
to
andIndia,
the the
maintain
Water
short
safemaking
of
Waste
balances functioning
Suezworld
altered
of
necessaryelaborate
supply
it a
vulnerable
glaciers of in
protecting
handling butand apeace
not
Canal
management
and puts of
systems
how
family
disposalUN
during
the and
in
sufficient
crisis
‘biodiversity
sections
the the andin
in
Antarctic
powersof security
Draft
reproductive the
Urban
at the
National
condition
Bio-medical
1956;
India?
recycling
of
(15 council
superpowers’
India,
workplace
liberties.
discuss
hotspot’.
the Howfor
Discuss
differently Waterto
discuss
Do
waste
raising
how
does
affect
ecosystem
Marks,
legislature,
250 it
thedo
in
you
to theto to
to
led
threat
Words) a this
margin frequent
howanything
struggle
present
Policy
the ofandthe
brings complex.
substantive
recently
context. cold
a war
paradigm
launched Examine
for the
era.Jal
shift the
Jeevan
from causes
maintenance Mission and
of suggest
international
Supply-side
(Urban) to a mechanism
will
thepeace
help and
(15
demand-side for
Marks,
overcome preparedness
security.
(15 250What
management
them.
Marks,Words)do
250 to
ofyou
Words) margin
agree?
ensure
final
wildlife
weather
reduce
executive Critically
agricultural
that
blow
vary it
toacross
patterns
environmental comment.
productivity
does not
Britain’s
and snowball
regions
humanin
harm, India?
self-image
in into
India? Explain
as
activities
provide the
a next
world
Discuss
on
energy the crisis.
power.
with
Earth? Elucidate
Also
examples.
security, Explain.
and highlight
generate(15(15
(15
(15
the Marks,
Marks,
Marks,
relevance
Marks,
new (15
(15 250
250
250
Marks,
Marks,
250
employment Words)
Words)
ofWords)
Suez
Words)250
250
in Canal
Words)
Words)
India. in
reduce
think
water. theand
can risks
be
judiciary
doneduring
to
underevents.
such
curb its
restraint. What are the challenges to maintaining
misuse by veto-wielding nations? (15 Marks,
(15 Marks,
(15
the spirit
250
Marks,
250 Words)
Words)
250
of
Words)
the contemporaryintimes.
constitutionalism India? (15
(15 Marks,(15 Marks,
Marks, 250 250 Words)
Words)
250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin 20.
19.What
The is SVEEPisinitiative
judiciary of Election
an indispensable Commission
organ of India?democracy.
of any functional What are other ECIainitiatives
Provide comparative margin
for Free and Fair Elections? Discuss.
analysis of the Indian and American judicial systems. (15 Marks,
Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything 20.
20.Tribal movements during
Does Globalization
IPM / YLM 2022
equalthe British rule were
Westernization? the most
To what frequent,
extent militant andbeen
has globalization violent of all
successful
Don’t
write
anything
beyond 20.
20.A
20.
20.
20. ‘new
Examine
movements.
Heatwaves
Widening
Analyze
20.There
Briefly isCold raw
gaps
the
outline
athe
need War’
are
Elaborate
in
to
the between
materials
among
Indian
performance
promote
major and
the
the the
society
of US
research
statement,
most
the
targets is
alternative
of and
the
Indian
the as
dangerous China
giving
root
policies
Draft of is
hindering
cause
parliament very
reasons
natural
behind
Post-2020in
inprofound
the different
factors
for to
hazards
the
the
fertilizer
Global from
sustainable
same.
but
recent
representingsector the
rarely
(15
social
the
Biodiversity
in‘newUS-Soviet
pharmaceutical
Marks,
receive
Indiamovements
interest 250
and
Framework.
to Cold
adequate
enhance Words)War.
industries
inpeace
the
aspirations
the
Do
beyond
this 20.
20. Climate
In
World
Describing
in view
offering
Explain
Though
20.Highlight
‘While
What are change
dominated
of
the
Indiathe is
concept
forms
has
underwater
the threats a
opportunities
somerecently
of
by
of“crisis
the
European
of
and
social
caste
proven multiplier”
concluded
lacunae
and
volcanoes? benefits
empires
with
Kunming
mobility.
oppression
that Russia
opportunities Give thethat
for has
inexisting
Indian
the
Describe
have
remains
an
that the
Declaration
1770s
an
account Society.
laws,
with
undergone was implications
discuss
for
transformed
Critically
suitable
changes
indispensable
currentof its globalBiodiversity
geopolitics
the need for
examine.
through
illustrations
in the
partner,
distribution,
present
forinternational
and
Russia
for
India
howthe
revolution
social failure
to have
education
too
causes,
India.
of
structure’
must
and a
prove
this
margin in India.
attention,
country.
of citizens
productivity
you think Do
asover
the ofyou
their
Elaborate thethink
impacts
present years.
agriculture, location
are
Also,
commitments not
provide of pharmaceutical
always
highlight
anare immediately
some
alternative
sufficient of to industries
the
to obvious.
structural
chemical
meet these in India
Discuss
issues
fertilizers
targets? is
(15 largely
the
Marks,
that
and need
need
Critically determined
250
balancetoforbea
Words)
evaluate
the by margin
the
new
into
and
butits stability
world
single
a series
social
its to
elements
ability
impacts. and
mobility
to vice-versa.
Environmental
achieve
of independent
remain any
are
prioritise of
related
the
its Elucidate
Management
the
states
same. Aichi
to by
each with
targets,
1848.Law
other
Elucidate.
relationship amid examples.
Identifying
discuss
that
tense will the
subsume
the
need
India-China factors
forthe
a that
(15
ties’.
(15 existing
new(15 led
Marks,
(15 Global
Marks,
to
Marks,
Comment
Marks, (15
Air
such
250
250 Biodiversity
Act
250
250 1981,
Words)
Words)
Words)
Words)
Marks, 250 Words)
downstream
Heatwave
addressed
fiscal
Water
pact toimpact
transformation,
Act
slow to factors?
action
improve
of
1974, planthe
fertilizer
biodiversity
discuss
and Explain.
and
the strategies
effectiveness
subsidy.
its for
and Clarify
Environment
lossimplication
protect ofheatwave
Parliament.
(Protection)
forhabitats.
the world. management
Act 1986 for in theIndia.
(15 (15
governance
Marks, (15
(15
(15Marks, 250Marks,
Marks,
Marks, 250
ofWords) 250
250
250Words) Words)
Words)
Words)
environmental issues in India. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin margin
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

IPM / YLM - 2023
Don’t
write
anything
beyond
IPM
IPM / YLM
/ YLM 2022 Don’t
write
anything
beyond
this this
margin
20. Urgent steps are required to address the widening inequalities exacerbated by the pandemic. margin
Examine in light of the recommendations of Economic Survey 2021. (15 Marks, 250 Words)
S
IA
TS
H
G
SI
IN

INSIGHTSIAS
ROUGH SHEET
71
INSIGHTSIAS
ROUGH SHEET
72
INSIGHTSIAS
ROUGH SHEET
73
INSIGHTSIAS
ROUGH SHEET
74
https://upscmaterial.online/
.
IPM / YLM - 2023
TEST - 2 SYNOPSIS
1. To what extent can the policies of Lord Dalhousie be blamed for the Revolt of 1857? Explain
Introduction
Lord Dalhousie was the governor-general of India from 1847-56. During the tenure of
Dalhousie, the feelings of unrest that were growing among the Indians finally got manifested
in the form of the revolt of 1857.
Main Body
Policies of Lord Dalhousie were responsible for the revolt of 1857 in many ways
1. Expansionist policies of Lord Dalhousie in the form of Doctrine of lapse –The annexation
of states like satara,jhansi,nagpur sambhalpur, udaipur on the pretext of Doctrine of
Lapse left thousands of nobles, officials, retainers and soldiers jobless.
2. Frequent annexations of princely states like travancore, awadh etc
3. Wars with Burma, 2nd anglo sikh war etc enraged Indians.
4. Social and religious reforms – Various social reforms have been believed as threats to
the established social structure.
a. For example - An act in 1850 changed the Hindu law of inheritance enabling a Hindu
who had converted to Christianity to inherit his ancestral properties. The people
were convinced that the Government was planning to convert Indians to
Christianity.
b. Widow remarraige act was passed, which was not appreciated by orthodox
sections of india.
5. Introduction of modern transport and communication – The Introduction of modern
transport and communication led to the influx of British manufactured goods into India,
which ruined industries, particularly the textile industry of India. Indian handicraft
industries had to compete with cheap machine-made goods from Britain.
a. These all impacts together led to the economic misery of the inhabitants and the
small traders and handicraftsmen leading to the strong reaction against the British
administration in India.
6. Military reforms led to resentment among the Indian soldiers - As he had no confidence
in the Indians, a new Gurkha regiment was created.
o A new “Irregular Force” was also formed and posted in Punjab. Lord
Dalhousie denied the pension and titles to an heir of many soldiers.
However, there were other factors also which was responsible for the revolt of 1857
1. Land Revenue system of the Britishers - The Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems demanded
revenue which was exorbitant and the methods of collecting the revenue were cruel.
● In 1852, the Inam commission was established which recommended the takeover
of the Jagirs on which the revenue was not paid. The result was that twenty
thousand Jagirs had been confiscated.
2. Assigning the Low position to Indians in Administration- The notorious signboards ‘Dogs
and Indians not allowed’ were common in the British places of activities in India.
3. The roles of Christian missionaries - The increased activities of the Christian
missionaries were seen with suspicion and mistrust.
● The Priests were appointed in the army to “teach” the sepoys about Christianity,
which was considered a threat to the religious sentiment.
1
@upscmaterialonline
.
Conclusion
Revolt is not the consequence of immediate exploitation or persecution of a single factor or a
single person. The policies of Dalhousie acted as a spark to already raging discontentment
among different classes of people, leading to the revolt of 1857.
Elaborate.
Introduction
‘Company rule’ in India refers to the rule of the British East India Company (1767-1858) on
the Indian subcontinent. The administration under the EIC derived from a well-oiled system
headed by the Board of control and the Court of Directors. This was different from the
administration followed by Indian rulers based on the system of the Mughal administration.
Body
2
@upscmaterialonline
.
Fig 1: Administration under EIC
Fig2: Administration under Mughal

The administration under company rule differed from Indian rulers in the following ways:
● Revenue systems: The British Introduced new systems of revenue collection like the
Zamindari system, and the Ryotwari & Mahalwari system in different parts of the country.
○ The Ryotwari & Mahalwari systems were quite different from systems of Indian
rulers like the Dashala, zabti system of Mughal times.
● Rule of law vs Rule by ruler: British introduced a uniform civil code & criminal code, a
more formally trained army & a police system to better control the law & order situation.
○ Whereas Indian rulers had a hereditary system of policing going by various names
like Jahagirdars, poligars etc.
3
@upscmaterialonline
.
● Bureaucracy and Judiciary: The British introduced the concept of district collectors who
had administrative & judicial powers. Also, the British introduced a hierarchical judiciary
to dispense justice.
○ The law and order administration was maintained by the King during the time of
Indian rulers, whereas the British followed the policy of tier administration. Police
troops were maintained under the head at local, taluk and district levels.
○ Established civil and criminal courts headed by britishers but guided by pundits and
qazis.
● Political motive: But all administrative systems introduced had the ultimate motive of
increasing the British hold on Indian trade, politics, economy & wealth. This led to a series
of famines during the rule of the company.
○ On the other hand, though the administrative system of earlier rulers was obsolete
but it had a human aspect also & profit motive was not the ultimate purpose.
● Economic motive: Unlike Indian rulers, their motive was mainly economic in nature. They
utilized India as their market.
○ For Example, the great famine of Bengal was a result of bad British policies. Previous
rulers used to provide support in such times.
● Social & cultural interference: Usually the past rulers were not so interfering in the local
culture. But the British tried to change it.
○ E.g. They changed the life of tribals by making forests government property, thereby
forcing them to not perform their indigenous methods in it.
Even though some differences exist among Britishers they were united in purpose and Ideology
whereas Indian Kings lack unity among themselves to conquer neighbouring states and
expand their territory. The Britishers had the benefit of Modern Nationalism and Political
Unity whereas Indian kings lacked those ideals.
Conclusion
The main difference in the administration of Indian rulers and East India company was because
Indian rulers were driven by the motive to rule a large area of the subcontinent whereas the
motive of the East Indian company was purely economic.
Give your reasons.
Introduction
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (on April 13, 1919), in which British troops fired on a large crowd
of unarmed Indians in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in the Punjab
region of India killing thousands of innocent people. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a crime
that stunned the nation with the scale of its brutality. Following the event, the national
Movement moved into a different trajectory thereon, acquiring with time an unstoppable
momentum.
Body:
Yes, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a turning point in our freedom struggle;-
● Disbelief in colonialism; - The massacre unveiled the true face of British brutality. The
event was condemned by all, many in Britain too.
4
@upscmaterialonline
.
o To most Indians, the massacre of the unarmed was a betrayal of the trust that they
had placed on the British to rule them wisely, justly and with fairness.
o Jallianwala Bagh revealed the evil that resided in the ‘enlightened’ empire.
● Movement and protest; - Beginning from the non-cooperation movement and the
Khilafat Movement, Indian nationalists began to demand the withdrawal of the British
from India.
● United by emotion;- It united the people in their struggle. Rabindranath Tagore
renounced his Knighthood in protest of the Jalianwalla Bagh mass killing.
o this incident shocked the conscience of many Indians who believed in the British
idea of rule of law.
● Change in attitude; - It led to a significant change in the attitude of Mahatma Gandhi and
created the base for a mass movement in the form of the Non-cooperation movement
which was further carried forward in the form of the civil disobedience movement and
Quit India movement.
● Change in Punjab’s attitude; - after the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, Punjab witnessed
different forms of violence and political resistance, which was a departure from earlier
times when Punjab was largely loyal to the Empire.
● Rise of revolutionary activity; -
o There was the emergence of the 2nd wave of Revolutionary ‘Nationalism’ with
leaders like Bhagat Singh, Chandra Sekhar Azad and many others.
Conclusion
The incident at Jallianwala Bagh affected the course of world history, but it is the people who
actually affected and led the change. The people, in fact, as Gandhi famously said, became the
change they wanted to see in the world.
his contributions during the freedom movement.
Introduction
Dr B. R. Amdedkar is one of the eminent persons who laid the foundation for modern India.
He was the champion of the oppressed classes and the leader of all.
Body
Fight against Untouchability and discrimination :
 Ambedkar was against caste-based discrimination in society and advocated for the Dalits
to organise and demand their rights
o In 1920, Ambedkar launched a newspaper called “Mooknayaka” (leader of the
silent). Other periodicals include ‘Bahishkrit Bharat’ (1927), ‘Samatha’ (1929) and
‘Janata’ (1930), through these Ambedkar advocated for the abolition of
untouchability and spread awareness of the Dalit plight.
o Ambedkar launched full-fledged movements for Dalit rights by 1927, during Mahad
Satyagraha 10,000 men and women walked together to break the law on not
allowing the Mahars to drink water.
Dalit political representation:
 In 1919, in his testimony before the Southborough Committee in preparation of the
Government of India Act Ambedkar opined that there should be a separate electoral
system for the Untouchables and other marginalized communities.
5
@upscmaterialonline
.
o He was part of the Bombay Presidency Committee that worked with the Simon
Commission in 1925. He represented the untouchables in the Round Table
Conference in 1930.
o As a result of his consisted effort, separate electorates were extended to depressed
classes and other minorities.
o But, in 1932, Ambedkar signed the Poona Pact, which provided reservations for the
depressed classes within the general electorate.
Emphasis on Education:
 Ambedkar thought that education would enlighten his people and bridge the gap between
the higher classes and untouchables
o In 1923, he set up the ‘Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha (Outcastes Welfare Association)
to spread education among the marginalized and to improve their economic
conditions. He gave the slogan: “Educate-Agitate-Organize”.
Champion of women’s rights
o In 1928, as a member of the Legislative Council of Bombay, he supported a Bill granting
paid maternity leave for women working in factories.
o In the Kalaram temple-entry movement of 1930 Ambedkar inspired women to
come out of their social arenas and speak with courage.
o As Minister of Labour in the Viceroy’s Executive Council in 1942-46, he passed
several progressive legislation for women that dealt with equal wages for equal
work, casual and privileged leave, compensation in cases of injury, and pension.
As the head of the drafting committee: Ambedkar was a wise constitutional expert, he had
studied the constitutions of about 60 countries. Ambedkar is recognized as the “Father of the
Constitution of India”.
Emphasis on constitutional methods: of achieving our social and economic objectives.
o He never called upon his followers to follow unconstitutional methods such as bloody
methods of revolution. He said, “where constitutional methods are open, there can be
no justification for these unconstitutional methods”.
Constitutional guarantees:
o The draft prepared by Ambedkar provided constitutional guarantees and protections to
individual citizens for a wide range of civil liberties, including freedom of religion, the
abolition of untouchability, and the outlawing of all forms of discrimination.
o Ambedkar considered the Right to Constitutional Remedy as the soul of the Constitution.
Recognition of liberty, equality and fraternity as the principles of life:
o These principles of liberty, equality and fraternity are not to be treated as separate items
in a trinity. They form a union of trinity in the sense that to divorce one from the other
is to defeat the very purpose of democracy.
Social democracy:
o Ambedkar advocated avoiding hero-worship, and to work towards a social – not just a
political – democracy. Political democracy cannot last unless there lies at the base of it
social democracy.
Conclusion
Ambedkar´s contributions have helped shape modern Indian ideals and more importantly, it
has helped us realise that the progress of the country is incomplete without the upliftment
of depressed classes.
6
@upscmaterialonline
.
5. Can the Lahore Congress session of 1929 be considered to have shaped the vision of an
Independent India? Illustrate
Introduction:
In 1929 the Congress session was held at Lahore, and was very significant as the Indian National
Congress, took the resolution of Poorna Swaraj or complete independence.
Body:
Background:
The session took place amidst the breakdown of negotiations between leaders of the freedom
movement and the British over the question of dominion status as Lord Irwin retraced back on his
declaration that India would be granted dominion status in future.
Yes, the Lahore Congress session can be considered to have shaped the vision of Independent
India:
 Poorna Swaraj declaration: This demand (as different from the previous demand of
dominion status) pressurized the British for further devolution of power to Indians.
a. It ultimately led to the foundation for future negotiations in Cabinet Mission (1946),
Wavell Plan and Mountbatten Plan (1947).
 Symbolic message: At this session, the Indian tricolour flag was hoisted by Pandit
Jawahar Lal Nehru on the bank of the Ravi River. This kept the spirit of independence
alive in the masses.
 Boycott of Round Table conference: This made the Indian stand clear that leaders won’t
budge on their basic demands.
 Influence of socialist ideology: This was seen through the elevation of Jawahar Lal Nehru
to the presidency of INC. This socialism became the core of the vision of Independent
India and remains so in many of our policies, even today.
 Resolution of Civil disobedience movement (CDM) was adopted: It led to a new wave of
consciousness and nationalism in the Indian masses.
b. The Working Committee of Congress was authorized to start preparations for the
launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement by initiating the non-payment of taxes
and resignation of its members from legislatures.
Conclusion
Thus, the session led to a new phase of struggle. The Purna Swaraj resolution was seen as a
critical symbolic event by leaders of the freedom movement and Indians in general
reference to Lord Curzon.
Introduction
Lord Curzon’s seven-year rule (1899-1905) in India was full of missions, commissions and
omissions. Administrative measures adopted during his rule—the Official Secrets Act, the
Indian Universities Act, the Calcutta Corporation Act and, above all, the partition of Bengal—
left no doubt in Indian minds about the basically reactionary nature of British rule in India.
Main Body
Curzon policies which led to the rise of Indian nationalism
1. Partition of Bengal: triggered widespread opposition not only in Bengal but across India
and gave impetus to the freedom movement. The partition provoked great resentment
7
@upscmaterialonline
.
and hostility all over India. All sections of Congress, the Moderates and the Radicals
opposed it.
a. The struggle that unfolded in the response, which came to be known as the
Swadeshi movement, was the strongest in Bengal but with echoes elsewhere too.
The protest was to boycott British goods, especially textiles, and promote Swadeshi
goods.
2. Educational Reforms- Curzon played a vital role in university reform, and in 1904 he
founded the University Committee.
a. However, the real motive was that he wanted to control the voices coming from
this university, and to suppress them he drafted the University Act of 1904.
b. Gokhale called this a retrograde measure
3. Calcutta Corporation Law and Ancient Monuments Act: Curzon introduced the Calcutta
Corporation Act in 1899, which reduced the number of elected Indian members to the
company, and Indians were called incompetent and tried to subdue the British
government completely.
 This didn’t go down well with Indian moderates as well as radicals.
4. Agricultural policies –
a. In 1900, the Punjab Land Seizure Act was passed, which prohibited the transfer of
land to usurers in case farmers did not pay their loans.
 This further created disenchantment among peasants.
5. Foreign policies of Lord Curzon led to a strong reaction against the British -
a. Afghan: Lord Curzon’s Afghan politics were motivated by political and economic
interests and fears of Russian expansion into Central Asia.
b. Northwest Frontier: Curzon, unlike his forefathers, pursued a policy of consolidating
and protecting British-occupied territories in the North-West.
c. Tibet -
8
@upscmaterialonline
.
6. Promoting communal politics - Curzon was the proponent of communal politics. He
pitted Muslim leaders against congress leaders in an attempt to divide the country but it
strengthened the movement.
7. Official secrets act, 1904
8. Instituted many committees to Strenthen police, which was inimical to the budding
national struggle.
Conclusion
Thus, Curzon’s policies were short-sighted and reactionary that ultimately proved to be
decisive in creating a strong reaction British administration in India and it paved the way for
the greater movement and struggle towards freedom and greater effort to understand the
exploitative nature of British rule.
masses. Do you agree? Give your reasons
Introduction
After the 1857 revolt the confidence of the Indian masses eroded and the period of 1858 to
1905 was mostly a truce period for the Indian national movement. In this period very few
political activities occurred and that was largely scattered and lacked the support of the
masses.
Body:
Neither aggression nor a sense of direction because of the following reasons;-
● Lack of political consciousness; - after the revolt of 1857, local zamindars, moneylenders
and rulers of princely states became loyal and collaborated with the British rulers and
were less enthusiastic about the national cause and lacked political consciousness among
themselves.
9
@upscmaterialonline
.
● Effects of 1857 revolt; - the crushing of the 1857 revolt by Britishers instilled fear and
terror among the minds of common people and thus they became directionless and there
was no aggression from their side.
● Moderate phase of congress; - The Moderates phase (1885-1905) dominated the Indian
National Congress in its early phase which believed in resolution, petitions, meetings etc.
and lacked political faith in the masses considering them ignorant and conservative.
o But they failed to realise the power of the masses and thus could not take militant
political positions against the authorities.
● Elite class; - most of the political associations in the early half of the nineteenth century
were dominated by wealthy and aristocratic elements. They were local or regional in
character. Through long petitions to the British Parliament, most of them demanded—
o administrative reforms
o association of Indians with the administration
o Spread of education.
● Divide and rule policy of Britishers; - During the 1857 revolt there was strong cooperation
between Hindus and Muslims but after the revolt British focused on dividing the unity
between the two by the policy of divide and rule.
o It favoured Hindus at one time and Muslims and another trying to create discontent
between the two communities.
● Lack of any national leader; - the period between 1858-1905 lacked a leader who enjoyed
all of India's support and recognition from the masses which proved disastrous for any
movement and struggle which began during that period.
However, there was some sense of direction in the form of :

● Reform movement;- this period saw the rise of the socio-religious reform movement in
India and thus leaders and people were focused more on removing social ills from the
society instead on involving or motivating people for mass movements.
o For instance, the establishment of the Ramkrishna Mission, Deva Samaj, Arya
Samaj etc.
● Self-interest;- The peasants, artisans, Tribals, ruling classes (active or dispossessed),
military personnel (those under the Company as well as the demobilised soldiers of ex-
rulers), religious leaders (Hindu and Muslim), etc., fought for the protection of their
interests.
● Localised; - the movement or struggle which began during this period was backwards-
looking and traditional in outlook. They were the result of local causes and grievances
and also were localised in their consequences.
o For instance, tribal movements like Bhil Uprisings, Rampa revolt etc.
Conclusion
The mass character of the movement was crucial to raising a national consciousness against
British rule. Before the mass mobilisation policies of Congress, vast parts of the country were
left untouched by the freedom movement.
However, after 1905, from Swadeshi to Home league, Non-cooperation to civil disobedience,
and Individual Satyagrah to Quit India movement all focused on mass participation and were
aggressive as well as fuelled by clear objectives.
10
@upscmaterialonline
.
8. During World War II, the Indian national movement was torn between ousting the British Raj
and joining the larger cause of defeating fascism. Comment
Introduction
World War II saw a deep divide in the Indian National Movement on how to deal with the war
and the rapidly shifting alliances among the great powers. India's contribution to WW-2 was
driven by not only domestic politico-economic and social factors but also the changing world
order and India's position.
Reasons for the division:
1. Political Factors:
 Congress leadership was divided: - E.g. In April 1941 Bose arrived in Nazi Germany,
where Germany offered unexpected but equivocal sympathy for India's
independence.
o German funds were employed to open a Free India Centre in Berlin.
o On the other hand, Gandhi supported the British in World War II, while also
advocating for the Quit India campaign.
 Conditional support: Congress was critical of fascist Germany and Japanese
imperialism, it asked for steps to ensure India's independence from the British Raj
before dragging India into the war.
 Muslim League: Unlike Congress, Muslim League supported the cause of the British
to put forward their agenda of Independent Pakistan.
2. Social and Economic Factors:
 The great famine of Bengal of 1943 and the abject poverty of the people forced
them to the war not because they wanted allied powers to win but to earn bread
and livelihood.
3. International Factors:
 Indian contribution to WW-2 was because India saw fascist Germany and Japanese
Imperialism as more evil than the then British Raj.
o The War was seen as a People's War by Indian Communists when the Soviet
Union was attacked by Nazi Germany in 1941.
India was on the side of the Allied Nations to defeat fascism:
 As a supplier of troops:
o India had 2.5 million serving the all-volunteer army. Around 87000 men lost their
lives during WWII.
 Financial aid:
o Several Indian Princely States provided large donations to support the Allied
campaign during the War.
 As a Logistics Base:
o India set up bases in the Kharagpur and Hijli region for American operations to fly
a mission in China and Japan.
 As a supplier of raw materials
o 5 million died in Bengal due to famine during this time as the British diverted a
major chunk of local produce for the war effort.
11
@upscmaterialonline
.
o India supplies coal, iron ore, steel, cement, cotton & leather goods & timber
become war materials. India was, next to Britain, the largest contributor to the
Empire’s war.
India as on the side of Axis Power:
 A section of the national movement led by Subhas Chandra Bose chose to ally with the
Germans and Japanese and formed the Indian National Army in the quest to oust the
British colonial rulers from India.
Conclusion
Despite the difference, Indian overwhelmingly supported the cause of ending the world war
and decolonization of countries. India did achieve both- peace as well as independence, but at
the cost of partition.
9. The revolutionary nationalist movement evolved under Bhagat Singh as the emphasis shifted
away from militancy and heroic action to the creation of a mass-based struggle. Elaborate.
Introduction
Bhagat Singh, an iconic revolutionary, thinker, voracious reader and one of the well-read
political leaders at that time, who because of his interest in studying and his keen sense of
history gave the revolutionary tradition a goal beyond the elimination of the British.
Body:
Shift from militancy and heroic action to creation of mass-based struggle;-
The period before and after the non-cooperation movement in India was marked by an
increase in militancy and a rise in cases of heroic action.
Bhagat Singh emerged as a torch-bearer for the revolutionaries and the revolutionary
nationalist movement in India evolved under him, in the following ways;-
● New idea and interpretation of revolution; - revolution was no longer equated with
heroic action and violence.
● New socialist order;- the main objective of HSRA under Bhagat Singh was to achieve
national liberation that is imperialism was to be overthrown but beyond that, a new
socialist order was to be achieved, ending “exploitation of man by man”.
● Progressive revolutionary class;- In Bhagat Singh’s view, a revolution does not mean a
mere transfer of political power from one set of rulers to another set of rulers.
o Instead, a true revolution is about a radical, transformative, paradigmatic shift in
the realm of political power, i.e. from the hands of exploitative rulers to the hands
of a progressive-revolutionary class.
● Shift in the attitude of HRA;- Under him, they had also decided to start labour and
peasant organizations and to work for an organized and armed revolution.
● Support for Marxism; - Bhagat Singh advises the working-class youth of the country, in
particular, to adopt Marxism as their ideology, work among the people, organise
workers and peasants, and form a communist party.
o Thus, he had come to believe that popular broad-based mass movements alone
could lead to a successful revolution.
 Secularism and tolerance;- Bhagat was fully and consciously secular—two of the six rules
drafted by Bhagat for the Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha were that its members would
have nothing to do with communal bodies and that they would propagate a general
feeling of tolerance among people, considering religion to be a matter of personal belief.
12
@upscmaterialonline
.
 Socialist reconstruction of Indian Society; - He advocated that the overthrow of British
rule should be accompanied by the socialist reconstruction of Indian society and for this
political power must be seized by the workers.
 Need for Mass mobilisation; - Bhagat Singh was critical of the individual terrorism which
was prevalent among the revolutionary youth of his time and realised the need for mass
mobilisation by the Communist Party.
 In his final writings, he argued that the party had to organise the workers and the
peasantry. The fight around the small economic demands through the labour unions was
the best means to educate the masses for a final struggle to conquer political power.
Conclusion
On the canvas of modern Indian history, politics and social thought, Bhagat Singh shines as one
of the most illustrious and glorious revolutionary stars.
Indeed, his authentic legacy resides in the fact that he was among one of the first and finest
Indian revolutionaries and modern political thinkers who adopted revolutionary progressivism
in thought and adhered to it uncompromisingly in his political actions.
Introduction
Indian Councils Act 1909 introduced for the first time the method of election, an attempt to
widen the scope of legislative councils, placate the demands of moderates in the Indian
National Congress and increase the participation of Indians in the governance. The Act
amended the Indian Councils Acts of 1861 and 1892.
Features of the Indian Councils Act 1909 Act

 It increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial. The number
of members in the Central Legislative Council was raised from 16 to 60.
 British retained the official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the
provincial legislative councils to have the non-official majority.
 It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both levels. For
example, members were allowed to ask supplementary questions, move resolutions on
the budget, and so on.
 It provided for the first time for the association of Indians with the executive councils of
the Viceroy and Governors.
○ Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the law member. Two
Indians were nominated to the Council of the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs.
 It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept
of a ‘separate electorate’. Thus, the Act ‘legalized communalism’.
 It also provided for the separate representation of presidency corporations, chambers of
commerce, universities and zamindars.
Critical Evaluation of the Reforms

 The reforms of 1909 gave the country's people a shadow rather than substance.
 Could not address the Indian political problem: The reforms of 1909 afforded no answer
and could afford no answer to the Indian political problem.
13
@upscmaterialonline
.
○ Lord Morley made it clear that colonial self-government (as demanded by
Congress) was not suitable for India, and he was against introducing a
parliamentary or responsible government in India.
 The position of the Governor-General remained unchanged: His veto power remained
undiluted and the Act successfully maintained relentless constitutional autocracy.
 Divide Nationalists: It was aimed at dividing the nationalist ranks by confusing the
Moderates and at checking the growth of unity among Indians through the instrument of
separate electorates.
○ Congress considered a separate electorate to be undemocratic and hindering the
development of a shared Hindu-Muslim Indian national feeling.
 While parliamentary forms were introduced, no responsibility was conceded, which
sometimes led to thoughtless and irresponsible criticism of the Government.
 Only some members like Gokhale put to constructive use the opportunity to debate
in the councils by demanding universal primary education, attacking repressive
policies and drawing attention to the plight of indentured labour and Indian workers
in South Africa.
Conclusion
Indian Council Act of 1909 was instituted to placate the moderates and was an appeasement
policy to disseminate Muslims from National Movement by granting them a separate
electorate. The people had demanded self-government but what they were given was
‘benevolent despotism’.
Additional Details:
Despite criticism, the Act of 1909 was important for the following reasons
● It effectively allowed the election of Indians to the various legislative councils in India for the
first time, though previously some Indians had been appointed to legislative councils.
● The introduction of the electoral principle laid the groundwork for a parliamentary system even
though this was contrary to the intent of Morley.
● It also recognized the elective principle as the basis of the composition of the legislative council
for the first time.
● It gave further avenues to Indians to ventilate their grievances. They also got an opportunity to
criticize the executives and make suggestions for better administration.
11. To what extent the revenue policies of the British represented the advancement over pre-
British era policies? Explain
Introduction:
The consolidation of British rule in India was financed by the revenue generated through the
taxation of the Indian peasantry. The British policies revolved around getting maximum income
from the land without caring much about the Indian interest of the cultivators
Body:
The British principally adopted three types of land tenures
14
@upscmaterialonline
.
An advancement over previous revenue policies:
 Legal property rights vs customary rights :
o The British introduced a judicially enforceable property rights system on land. This
was in sharp contrast to the pre-British system under which peasants only enjoyed
customary rights.
 Established Right to property:
o In the Pre-British era, the land belonged to the King but after the coming of the
British, the concept of private land developed.
 More Incentives:
o Incentivizing producers to take initiatives to produce more was more substantial
than the ‘Taccavi’ loans given in pre-British India.
o Cultivation of land increased, and more areas came under cultivation.
 Commodification of land:
o Converting the land into a commodity which could be sold and bought in the market.
 Stable revenue :
o The British introduced a stable revenue collection system where the land revenue
rates were relatively fixed.
o This was in contrast to the pre-British system where princely states imposed high
rates during years of high production and low rates in low-production years.
 Salaried officials :
o The British introduced salaried revenue collecting officials which vastly increased
the efficiency of tax collection. This was in contrast to the pre-British system like
the Jagirdari system where the major portion of produce was cornered by Jagirdars
 Credit market
o It was the first time advance payment was made
o The British traders paid part-payments, around 10% to 20% in advance for growing
cash crops
o This was a big allure as advance money was in great demand since there was no
credit market
Impacts:-
● Peasants
15
@upscmaterialonline
.
o High burden of taxation
o Cultivators had to pay both Rent and Revenue
o Labourers and peasants were rendered landless (due to indebtedness they had to
sell land to moneylenders)
● Land
o Little spending by the Government on the improvement of land productivity.
o Britishers, intermediaries and Zamindars always tried to maximize their benefits
and they did not pay any heed to the declining fertility of the land
o Moreover, the expansion of the irrigation system was too slow to provide any
benefit to the agricultural field as such the fertility of the land was decreasing
rapidly.
● Zamindari
o Alienation of the old zamindari class
o Entry of non-agrarian class into agriculture
● Old Zamindars lived in villages and had traditions of showing some
consideration whereas the new merchants and other moneyed classes lived in
towns and were quite ruthless in collecting revenue.
Conclusion:
British introduced a new advanced form of private ownership of land, but it is only the sole
purpose of protecting the government interest .it facilitated the rise of absentee landlords, and
oppressive money lenders and pushed the peasant further into misery
Additional Details:
Zamindari/ The area Bengal, Bihar, Banaras,
Permanent covered 19% of Odisha, northern Karnataka,
system British India North Madras
Mahalwari The area Sindh, Punjab, Central
settlement covered 29% of province, Awadh, Delhi
British India (SCAM-B)
Ryotwari system The area Madras, Coorg, Bombay, East
covered 52% of Bengal (CUP), Assam
British India
16
@upscmaterialonline
.
Zamindari/ Permanent settlement, 1793
 Devised by Lord Cornwallis with the help of John shore in 1793
 19% of British India - Area covered: BBO, Varanasi, Gazipur, north Karnataka
 Objective
o To secure a fixed and stable income for the state
o To extend cultivation and encourage agricultural enterprise
Ryotwari system,1792
 1792: Thomas Munro and Alexander Read developed this system
 There were no traditional/ big zamindars in south India.
 They suggested revenue be collected directly from the Ryots
 Settling revenue directly with the Cultivator/Ryot (the settlement was not permanent)
 The revenue was based on the estimate of the potential of soil
 Recommended assessment of land and soil quality but no survey was carried out
 The peasant was recognized as the proprietor of land (owner of the land subject to
payment of revenue)
 50% of the net produced was fixed as land revenue
Mahalwari
 William Bentinck (1822) with Halt McCanzee developed this system
 Francis Hasting and R M Bird
 Village community -> considered as the owner of the land
 Settlements were made estate by estate or village by village
 Collect land revenue through the headman of the village / local leader (called Lambardar
or Nambardar)
 The revenue demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed.
12. Eighteenth-century India failed to make progress economically, socially or culturally, at an

adequate pace. Do you agree with this statement? Comment.
Introduction
India during the eighteenth century AD was steeped in tradition. It failed to imbibe the
scientific knowledge that the West had to offer. Politically, it was extremely disunited. All these
factors made it easy for the Europeans to colonize India.
17
@upscmaterialonline
.
Body:
Reasons for failed progress in the 18th century
Economic Conditions: The first half of the 18th century saw an increase in:-
o the state's demands for revenue,
o the oppression of its officials,
o the greed and rapacity of its nobles, revenue-farmers, and zamindars,
o the marches and countermarches of its rival armies,
o the plundering of its populace by the numerous adventurers.
Inequality: Extreme poverty existed side by side with the extremely rich and luxurious.
○ On the one hand, there were the rich and powerful nobles steeped in luxury and comfort;
on the other, backward, oppressed, and impoverished peasants living at the bare
subsistence level and having to bear all sorts of injustices and inequalities.
Agriculture: Indian agriculture during the 18th century was technically backward and
stagnant.
○ The techniques of production had remained stationary for centuries.
Trade: Mughals were able to make significant profits from enormous trade both inside India
and between India and other nations in Asia and Europe.
o Constant warfare and disruption of law and order, in many areas during the 18th
century, banned the country’s internal trade and disrupted its foreign trade to some
extent and in some directions.
o Many of the trade routes were infested with organized bands of robbers, and traders
and their caravans were regularly looted.
o The impact of foreign trade was also complex and differential: Sea trade expanded, and
overland trade through Afghanistan and Persia was disrupted.
Political factors which hurt trade also adversely affected urban industries. Many prosperous
cities, the centre of flourishing industries, were sacked and devastated.
○ Delhi was plundered by Nadir Shah;
○ Lahore, Delhi and Mathura by Ahmad Shah Abdali;
○ Agra by the Jats, Surat and other cities of Gujarat and
○ Deccan by Maratha chiefs, Sirhind by Sikhs and so on.
Social and cultural Conditions

 Social life and culture in the 18th century were marked by stagnation and dependence on
the past.
 Lacked modern scientific thoughts: Modern views and scientific rationalism (as was
prevalent in the west) have still not reached India.
 Religious backwardness: the discrimination, Sati system, and Brahminical tyranny were
still prevalent.
 Social division: People were divided by religion, region, tribe, language, and caste.
○ Moreover, the social life and culture of the upper classes, who formed a tiny
minority of the total population, differed in many respects from the life and culture
of the lower classes.
○ Caste: It was a major divisive force and element of disintegration in India in the 18th
century. Caste rules were extremely rigid. Inter-caste marriages were forbidden.
○ There were restrictions on inter-dining among members of different castes.
18
@upscmaterialonline
.
However, some progress was also made in the 18th century
 At the dawn of the 18th century, India was one of the main centres of world trade and
Industry.
○ Peter the Great of Russia was led to exclaim: “Bear in mind that the commerce of
India is the commerce of the world. He who can exclusively command it is the
dictator of Europe.”
 Emergence of new courts and local nobility and zamindars led to the emergence of new
cities such as Faizabad, Lucknow, Varanasi and Patna.
○ India remained a land of extensive manufacturers; Indian artisans still enjoyed
fame all over the world for their skill.
 India was still a large-scale manufacturer of cotton and silk fabrics, sugar, jute,
dyestuff, minerals and metallic products like arms, metal wares, and saltpetre
and oils.
○ India’s imports and export: pearls, raw silk, wool, dates, dried fruits, and rose water
from the Persian Gulf region; coffee, gold, drugs, and honey from Arabia; tea, sugar,
porcelain, and silk from China.
 India exported cotton textiles, raw silk and silk fabrics which were famous all
over the world for their excellence and were in demand everywhere.
○ Some industries gained as a result of expansion in trade with Europe due to the
activities of the European trading companies.
Conclusion
While the Indian economy was quite resilient and there was certain continuity in economic
life, there was no greater effervescence or buoyancy in economic activities in the 18th century
than in the 17th century. Moreover, the next two decades were marked by further economic
exploitation, although some social and cultural reform was instituted by the efforts of reforms.
13. Trace the expansion and consolidation of British rule in India in the second half of the
eighteenth century.
Introduction
The English East India Company (EIC) was started as a joint-stock company under the royal
charter issued by Queen Elizabeth in 1600. Their influence in India started to grow as they got
powerful in trade. The most crucial period for point of expansion and consolidation was the
second half of the 18th century when states like Bengal, Mysore and Maratha came under their
rule.
Body:
Expansion and consolidation of British rule in India in the Second half of the eighteenth
century;- The process of imperial expansion and consolidation of British paramountcy was
19
@upscmaterialonline
.
carried on by the Company during the second half of the 18th century through a two-fold
method:-
Policy of annexation by conquest or war
Expansion and consolidation in Bengal; -
● Battle of Plassey (1757); -
o The battle was fought by the forces of Siraj Ud Daulah (Nawab of Bengal) against
the troops of the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive.
o Victory at Plassey enabled the East India Company to establish a puppet Nawab on
the throne of Bengal and was a major turning point in modern Indian history that
led to the consolidation of British rule in India.
● Battle of Buxar (1764);-
o British East India Company emerged victorious defeating the Mughal forces. The
war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765.
 The treaty made the Nawab a firm friend of the Company and turned Awadh
into a buffer state.
o The battle cemented the way for the expansion and consolidation of the British
Empire in India.
Conquest of Mysore;- Mysore’s power was also seen as a threat to the control of the English
over Madras.
● 1st Anglo-Carnatic war (1767 -69); - led to the Treaty of Madras (1769).
o Under this treaty, Hyder Ali was promised the help of the English in case he was
attacked by any other power.
 nd
2 Anglo Carnatic war (1780-84);-
o The war continued for four without any major conclusion. Fed up with the
inconclusive war both sides concluded the Treaty of Mangalore (March 1784) under
which both the parties gave back the territories they had taken from each other.
● rd
3 Anglo Carnatic war (1790-92); - led to the conclusion of the Treaty of Seringapatam,
1792.
o Under this treaty, nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the
alliance of the British, Nizam and the Marathas.
● th
4 Anglo Carnatic war (1799); - The period of 1792-99 was used by both the British and
Tipu Sultan to recoup their losses.
o Tipu Sultan died in the war and all his treasures were confiscated by the British.
Later, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on Mysore.
Fall of Marathas; -.
● 1st Anglo Maratha war (1775-82);-
o Treaty of Salbai (1782). The treaty guaranteed peace between the British and
Marathas for twenty years.
● nd
2 Anglo Maratha war (1803-05);
o The war ultimately resulted in the British control over a large part of Central India
and established the dominance of the British in India.
● 3rd Anglo Maratha war (1817-19); -
o The debacle of Marathas in 1818 led to the complete dominance of the British
throughout India, except for the northwest where the Sikh Empire still thrived.
20
@upscmaterialonline
.
Policy of annexation by diplomacy and administrative mechanisms.
 Warren Hasting’s Policy of Ring Fence (by creating buffer states): The states brought
under the ring-fence system were assured of military assistance against external
aggression—but at their own expense.
 Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance; - was an extension of the ring-fence system which sought
to reduce the Indian states into a position of dependence on the British government.
o The Indian state to fall into this protection trap included the Nizam of Hyderabad
(September 1798 and 1800), the ruler of Mysore (1799), and the ruler of Tanjore
(October 1799), the Nawab of Awadh (November 1801) etc.
Conclusion
The battle of Plassey had made English a powerful factor in the politics of Bengal and the
victory of Buxar made them great power in North India and a contender for the supremacy of
the whole country. The defeat of Marathas and Mysore made them sole power in the whole
of India. Later the policy of doctrine of lapse also significantly contributed to the expansion
and consolidation of British rule in India.
14. How effective were the social reform movements of the nineteenth century in bringing a
change in Indian society? Critically Evaluate.
Introduction
The dawn of the 19th century witnessed the birth of a new vision among some enlightened
sections of Indian society. The impacts of the socio-religious reform movements were huge
and long-lasting, especially against social evils such as atrocities on women through purdah,
child marriage, hypergamy, dowry and sex-based inequality.
Body
Effectiveness of Social reform movements and their positive impact on Indian society:
Broadly the social reform movements had a two-point agenda- fight for the betterment of the
status of women in society and fight to remove disabilities arising out of untouchability. Some
of the achievements in these domains had a lasting impact on changing society:
Steps taken to ameliorate women’s position:
 Abolition of Sati: With the efforts of Raja ram Mohan Roy, the government declared the
practice of Sati illegal and punishable by criminal courts as culpable homicide by enacting
the law The regulation of 1829.
 Preventing female infanticide: The Bengal regulations of 1795 and 1804 declared female
infanticide illegal and equivalent to murder. An act was passed in 1870 that made it
compulsory to register the birth of a baby.
 Widow remarriage: The Brahmo samaj had the issue of widow remarriage high on its
agenda, due to the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar the principal of Sanskrit college
Kolkata, that the Hindu Widows Remarriage’s Act 1856, was passed.
 Controlling child marriage: Due to the relentless efforts of Parsi reform B.M. Malabari,
The age of consent Act, 1891 was enacted to completely stop child marriage.
Steps against rigid caste system:
21
@upscmaterialonline
.
 Various organisations strove to undermine caste-based exploitation: Numerous
organisations such as the Brahmi Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Arya Samaj, Ramakrishna
mission, the Theosophical Society, and individuals worked to spread education among
the untouchables and remove restrictions on them from entering temples, ponds and
various public places.
 General stirrings among the lower class themselves: with increasing opportunities for
education and general awakening, there were protests from the lower class themselves,
for example: in Maharashtra Jyotiba Phule born in a Mali family, led a movement against
brahminical domination.
 British rule created certain conditions that undermined caste consciousness without
intention: through direct administrative measures and certain indirect suitable
conditions they did away with the caste system. For example, the creation of private
property and the free sale of land upset the caste equation.
However, these social reform movements were effective to only a certain extent and these
have led to the destruction of the very fabric of harmonious society in the 20th century which
culminated in the communal violence and partition of undivided India into two nations based
on religion.
Negative aspects of these social reform movements:
 One of the major limitations of religious reform movements was that they had a narrow
social base, namely the educated and urban middle classes, while the vast majority of
peasants and urban poor were ignored.
 The reformers' proclivity to appeal to the greatness of the past and to rely on scriptural
authority encouraged mysticism in new guises and fostered pseudo-scientific thinking
while putting a brake on full acceptance of the need for a modern scientific outlook.
 Above all, these tendencies contributed, to some extent, to the compartmentalization of
Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and Parsis, as well as the alienation of high-caste Hindus from low-
caste Hindus.
 The evolution of a composite culture, which had been visible throughout Indian history,
appeared to be stalled with the rise of another form of consciousness, communal
consciousness, alongside national consciousness among the middle classes. Ex. Shuddhi
and sanghatan movements by Staunch hindus and tanzeem and tabligh by Muslims.
Conclusion
The nineteenth-century reform movements made a significant contribution to the
development of contemporary India. They represented societal democratization, the abolition
of superstition and heinous habits, the spread of enlightenment, and the development of a
reasonable and modern worldview
Additional Details:
Reformers such as Bengal's Rammohan Roy, Gopal Hari Deshmukh (Lokhitavadi), D.K. Karve,
jyotiba Phule of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh's Veeresalingam called for religious reform with
the ultimate motive of political benefit and social progress. The rise of nationalism and a feeling of
patriotism were other byproducts of these movements. It had an everlasting impact on the nation.
Factors giving rise to reform movements:
22
@upscmaterialonline
.
● Impact of British rule on Indian society: Its impact on Indian society and culture was totally
different from the earlier experiences, wherein invaders who settled within frontiers were
absorbed by its superior culture or interacted positively to become a part of it. However, the
British conquest was different, it presented India’s picture as a stagnant civilisation and static
decadent society.
● Evils plaguing Indian society: various religious superstitions plaguing Indian society such as
obscurantism, superstition, polytheism, idolatry, degraded position of women, and the
Exploitative caste system were all the reasons behind the stagnation of the society as a whole.
● Spread of education and increased awareness of the world: values like rationalism, humanism
and religious universalism were made aware to the people with education which became a
yardstick for judging religious rituals and practices and their social relevance.
● Rising tide of patriotism and democracy during the late 19th century: the impact of modern
western culture and consciousness of defeat by a foreign power gave birth to a new awakening.
There was an awareness that a vast country like India is colonised by a handful of foreigners
because of weaknesses within the Indian social structure and culture. Thus, a need for reforms.
15. Elaborate on the series of events which led to the partition of India. Do you think it could
have been avoided? Give justification for your argument.
Introduction:
The Partition of India was the process of dividing the subcontinent along sectarian lines, which
took place in 1947. It is one of the largest migrations in human history, as millions of Muslims
moved to West and East Pakistan while millions of Hindus and Sikhs headed in the opposite
direction. Many hundreds of thousands never made it.
Body:
Divide and rule Politics:

 Partition of Bengal: 1905 partition on religious lines. Muslim League formed in 1906
supported the partition.
 Separate electorates: Provided to the Muslims in Minto-Morley reforms. It sowed the
seeds of communalism and checked the historical process of the unification of India
Communal events of the 1920s and the 30s:
23
@upscmaterialonline
.
 Tabligh and Shuddhi movements caused conflicts; the cow protection movement, and
music before the mosque instilled hatred against each other. Khilafat movement invoked
the Muslim cause into politics. Though it had unity, it weakened the secular cause.
Failure of Muslim league in 1937 elections:
 The Indian National Congress emerged in power in eight of the provinces - the
exceptions being Punjab and Sindh. The All-India Muslim League failed to form a
government in any province. This antagonized Jinnah who decided to organise them into
a force strong enough to be able to negotiate.
Two Nation theory:
 After poet Mohammad Iqbal developed the idea, in 1940 the Muslim League passed a
resolution that asked for independent states for Muslims in the North-west and the
Eastern areas of the country.
 Throughout the 1940s, there were talks and demonstrations of the “Two Nation” Theory.
Jinnah espoused that Hindus and Muslims were two entirely different peoples and
entirely different nations and the two could not be accommodated in the same country.
 In 1942, Gandhiji has accepted in principle the concept of " Self - determination " In the
context of Pakistan.
 Rajagopalachari formula accepted the inevitabilty of a muslim majority state , provided
that it was formed through plebiscite.
Failure of Cripps mission and the quit India Movement:
 Cripps’ Mission was rejected by both the INC and the Muslim League. The INC under
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement. Almost the entire leadership of the
INC was jailed without trial, keeping them imprisoned until 1945.
 This enabled the Muslim League, which had rejected Gandhi’s calls to join the Quit India
Movement, to grow in influence and outreach. The growing incidents of communal
violence in the country escalated the rise of the League.
Failure of cabinet mission plan:
 INC and the ML accepted the long-term plans of the cabinet mission. The Election in 1946
affirmed the Muslim league as the sole Muslim party.
 Nehru denied the proposal regarding the composition of the new government but
agreed to be a part of the Executive Council until the Constitution was framed. These
developments agitated Jinnah. He rejected the proposals of the Cabinet Mission
altogether. Furthermore, fearing that his idea of Pakistan will never come to pass; Jinnah
called for ‘Direct Action Day.
Direct Action Day:
 On August 16, 1946, Direct Action Day became exceedingly violent in Kolkata.
 The League entered the Council, but the communal violence did not end. All the efforts
made by Congress to convince Jinnah, to align the League with their plan of action failed.
Upon Lord Mountbatten’s arrival in India, Congress expressed its incompetence in making
this coalition work and eventually agreed to partition.
Could this have been avoided?
Yes.
If the Muslim League and congress agreed to work together: as during the Lucknow pact of
1916.
24
@upscmaterialonline
.
 The Nehru report was rejected by the league; 14 points by the Muslim league were not
accepted by congress.
 In the 1936-37 provincial elections, the League requested Congress to form a coalition
govt. in the United Provinces, but Nehru declined due to ideological differences.
If Congress had gained Muslim support
 Nehru further launched a Muslim mass contact program in 1937, to connect with the
entire Muslim community. But it failed.
 The Indian National Congress failed to assess the impact of the Muslim league’s campaign
in the 1940s and lost severely to the Muslim League in Bengal, Sind and Punjab in the
1946 provincial elections.
If Nehru had accepted to grouping in Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946:
 After Nehru’s rejection of compulsory grouping, the Muslim leagues call for the direct
action day. It led to violent communal riots killing 4000 in Kolkata and lakhs displaced.
With no sight out from the violence, the INC accepted partition.
Had the Indians realized the British intentions:
 The British didn’t oppose the idea of Pakistan from 1940 to 1946 and rather encouraged
it. They thought to use the Pakistan card, as a counterpoise to the Congress’s demand of
Swaraj.
 If both the religious communities would have understood the ill-intent of Britishers while
pleasing one community over the other. The partition could be avoided.
Partition was necessary:
The inevitability of partition: Even if all of the above had happened, it would just be a
temporary fix.
No end to the violence
 Only an immediate transfer of power could forestall the spread of ‘Direct action’ and
communal violence.
Lack of unity:
 It was clear from various constitutional missions that the autonomy of provinces was a
guarantee if not for partition, making independent India a weak state. This would
eventually lead to the Muslim majority states wanting to break free.
Separate electorates:
 Would continue, further dividing the nation into communal lines. Thus the on-ground
enmity between the groups would have been fueled further.
Conclusion:
The process of drawing lines on the map was one thing; but the on-ground process of Partition
was bloody and violent, especially for Punjab and Bengal, which were the main regions being
partitioned. This could have been avoided if the British, INC and the Muslim league worked
together.
they were active revolutionaries". Examine the role played by women revolutionaries in
India’s freedom movement.
Introduction
The women during the freedom struggle were not merely passive workers following in the
footsteps of celebrated men; they were active revolutionaries, taking up arms, launching
25
@upscmaterialonline
.
underground organisations, publishing anti-British literature, and being subjected for years to
torture and imprisonment
Main Body
Women during the early phase of the freedom struggle
Women have been participating in the national movement since the early struggle against the
Britishers for example:
 Bimbai Holkar defeated the British in the guerrilla war.
 Rani Chenamma could protect the independence of her Kittoor state.
 During the revolt of 1857, Rani Laxmibai and Begam Hazarat Mehal played heroic roles.
 Rani Gaindineliu is a Naga woman who remained undeterred by colonial excesses and
patriarchal barriers.
Women during the Gandhian movement
It was a Gandhian movement where women participated actively for the first time. Women
played a key role in the constructive programs, especially Khadi/Swadeshi.
The prominent women leaders associated with the Gandhian movement have been
 Annie Besant
 Sarojini Naidu
 Bhikaji Kama,
 SuchetaKripalani,
 RajkumariAmrit Kaur.
Women during the revolutionary struggle
o Women took an active role during the militant form of struggle also. We can give the
example of
o Pritilata Waddedar- During the Chittagong raid. She became a part of the
revolutionary Surya Sen’s group. Popularly described as “a beacon of light for
women”, she led the shootout at the Pahartali European Club in Chittagong.
o Kalpana Datt also helped Surya Sen during the raid of Chittagong. Kalpana Datta
was an active participant and actively took part in the activities of the
revolutionaries. Be it bomb-making or attacking the symbols of British power.
o Veena Das - Veena Das made an attempt to assassinate Stanley Jackson, the then
Governor of Bengal.
o Usha Mehta, a committed patriot set up a radio transmitter, called The "Voice of
Freedom" to disseminate the "mantra" of freedom-war.
Conclusion
While discourse surrounding the freedom struggle has not entirely discounted the role of
women, it has certainly not given enough recognition to the women in proportion to their
integral roles in the war against the British. The story of women’s participation in India's
freedom struggle is the story of making bold choices, and finding themselves on the streets,
inside the jail and in the legislature.
17. Detailing the effect of colonialism on Indian exports, discuss how the changes in world
geopolitics affected livelihoods in India?
Introduction
26
@upscmaterialonline
.
Britain’s relationship with her Indian colony was one of political subordination, but economic
exploitation formed the core of this relationship. This process of colonization was geared
clearly to benefit the mother country, even at the cost of the colony.
Body:
Effect of colonialism on Indian exports;-
● Supplier of raw materials; - The world demand for food and raw materials was immensely
stimulated by industrialization in Europe. India became an exporter of primary products
(raw material) such as raw silk, cotton, wool, sugar, indigo, jute, etc.
● Importer of finished goods;- India became an importer of finished consumer goods like
cotton, silk and woollen clothes and capital goods like light machinery produced in the
factories of Britain.
● Drain of Indian wealth; - Drain of wealth means that the main motive of economic
policies in India was to snatch maximum benefits from India’s trade.
o Foreign trade in India during the colonial period generated a surplus revenue due
to excess exports. However, this surplus export did not flow any silver or gold into
India.
o Rather, this surplus export was utilized to make payments for:
 The costs made for the office set up by the colonial government in Britain
 Expenses on the war fought by the British government,
 Import of invisible items etc.
o All of this led to the drain of Indian wealth.
● Low production of essential goods; - the export of Indian goods came at cost of low
production of essential goods like clothes, food grains, etc.
o Since resources were used to produce items for export it resulted in an acute
shortage of essential goods.
● Increase in Agricultural exports; - Better means of communication (telegraph) and
transportation (railways, steamships, opening up of the Suez Canal in 1869) made long-
distance trade in agricultural products feasible.
o Between 1870 (Suez opened in 1869) and 1914, exports increased 500% in value
(about 80% of all exports were non-manufactured – i.e. plantation).
● Benefited only a few sections; - The larger part of the profits generated by the export
trade went to British business houses, which controlled shipping and insurance
industries, besides commission agents, traders and bankers.
o Those who benefited in the colony were big farmers, some Indian traders and
moneylenders.
● Commercialisation of Indian Agriculture; - From the 1860s onwards, the nature of

agricultural production was determined by the demands of the overseas markets for
Indian primary products.
o The items exported in the first half of the nineteenth century included cash crops
like indigo, opium, cotton and silk.
o Gradually raw jute, food grains, oil seeds and tea replaced indigo and opium. Raw
cotton remained the most in-demand item.
● Agricultural dependency increased. - The Industrial Revolution in Europe enabled the
mass production of cheap machine-made goods, which flooded Indian markets.
27
@upscmaterialonline
.
o Unable to compete with this, Indian commodities lost both their overseas and
domestic markets.
o This destructive process led to deindustrialization that increased pressure on land
causing further pauperization of the peasantry.
Impact of world geopolitics on Indian livelihood;-

 Food and famine: Impact of world wars
o The jute industry collapsed in the 1930s, which was followed by a devastating
famine in 1943 in Bengal mainly due to the policies of Churchill during WWII.
o Whenever there was a disturbance in world geopolitics, For instance, during war
years there was requisitioning of food supplies, particularly cereals, leading to
rampant food inflation.
 Impact of American Civil War (1861): When the American Civil War broke out and cotton
supplies from the US were cut off, Britain turned to India. As raw cotton exports from
India increased, the price of raw cotton shot up. Weavers in India were starved of supplies
and forced to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices.
o A decline in world demand for Indian cotton led to heavy indebtedness, famine and
agrarian riots in the Deccan cotton belt in the 1870s.
 Employment opportunities; - Industrial revolution led to the deindustrialisation of Indian
industry which resulted in an increase in indebtedness and more people were forced to
become landless tenants.
o The skewed income distribution grew even more so, shifting from jute farmers to
capital.
o However, Due to the growth of urbanization and industrialization, employment
opportunities grew and the remittances were used for the development of the
villages.
 Indentured labour;- due to the shortage of labourers in plantation sectors in British
colonies, indentured labourers were sent from India to other British colonies. They have
to survive in unfamiliar land in hardship.
28
@upscmaterialonline
.
Conclusion
Phased economic exploitation of the colony was the core motive for the British to establish
their rule in the Indian subcontinent. The nature of this exploitation changed over the course
of their reign, owing to changes within Britain, and these, in turn, had specific economic, social
and political consequences for the colony
18. Examine the educational policy of the British with a brief note on the Orientalist vs Anglicists
debate.
Introduction
The British interest in education began in the second decade of the 19th century. The
government realised that it was better to employ educated Indians, as it would drastically bring
down the administrative costs. Moreover, such educated Indians under the influence of
western learning would be loyal to the British government.
Body
Education policy under EIC:
Initial policies were crafted to understand Indian culture so that EIC could better administer
India e.g., Asiatic Society of Bengal (1784), and Sanskrit College (1791). However, with more
requirements of officers and pressure to keep the cost low, EIC started recruiting low-rank
officers as Indian. For this, they introduced modern education in India (the charter act of 1813
gave 1 lakh Rs for this purpose). However, there arose a controversy: - Orientalists Vs Anlgicists.
Orientalists Anglicists
Orientalists were a group of those Anglicists were those who were in
people who were in support of giving support of the English language and
education to the Indian people in the wanted people to be taught modern
Indian language. western education
The Orientalists led by Dr H.H.Wilson and The Anglicists led by Charles Trevelyan,
H.T. Princep advocated in favour of Elphinstone advocated the imparting of
Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian as the western education through the medium
medium of education. of English.
In this context, the establishment of Charter act of 1813 allowed the Christian
the Calcutta Madrasa by Warren Missionaries to spread their religious and
Hastings in 1781, the Benares Sanskrit modern ideas in India.
College by Jonathan Duncan in 1791 and
the Asiatic Society of Bengal by William
Jones in 1784 are noteworthy.
WOOD’S DESPATCH OF 1854: It is also known as the ‘Magna Carta of English education in
India’ was the first comprehensive plan to envisage mass education in India.
 It prompted the government to take responsibility for education (vernacular language in
primary schools and use of English for higher education) and suggested grants in aid to
encourage private enterprises to invest in education as well as the education of women.
Education policies under the British Crown:
29
@upscmaterialonline
.
Under the crown rule, several committees were set up to promote education in India.
However, their basic aim was to produce loyal officers and curb any revolutionary tendencies
among youth. E.g., the Hunter Commission (transferred control of primary education to the
hands of the district board), and Curzon enacted the Universities Act of 1904 to curb
revolutionary ideologies.
However, still, mass education was not favoured. Saddler commission asked for schools till 12
years and a university degree for 3 years.
After 1920, education became a provincial subject, but without any financial assistance. Hartog
committee (1929) rejected the need for compulsory education.
Conclusion
It was only after the coming of the congress government in many of the provinces (1937) that
primary education for the masses was emphasized. Wardha's scheme of education focused
on “learning through activity” which was based on Gandhiji’s ideas published in Harijan.
19. To make political independence more meaningful, there were certain weaknesses in the
Indian social structure which needed to be strengthened. Discuss the statement in the
context of Gandhiji's constructive programme.
Introduction
Centuries of British colonial rule destroyed the intricacies of Indian social structure, it created
fissures in communal harmony, strengthened caste rigidities and criminalized tribals, to
highlight a few.
Body
The major weaknesses in Indian social structure included:
Conflicts between different religious groups: mainly Hindus and Muslims.
 The British government used communalism to counter and weaken the growing national
movement. As seen in the partition of Bengal in 1905 and the introduction of separate
electorates in 1909.
 Violent riots took place such as the Dhaka riots in 1930; Kanpur in 1931 with the rise in
communal politics the harmony among the community was damaged.
Untouchability
 The practice of discrimination against various individuals and groups based on their caste
and occupation has been present for an extremely long period of time.
 These untouchables were denied to use of public wells, their children were not allowed
to be admitted to a school where the children of higher caste were present. Thus being
deprived of social, religious and civic rights, they had no choice of bettering their
conditions
Education:
 The education policy that was introduced was only to produce “cheap clerks” who could
help them in administration in their pursuit of economic subjugation of India.
 The education of the masses was neglected by the British, which is evident from the fact
that the literacy rate in India was 16% at the time of independence.
Economic disparities:
 The interests and privileges of the zamindar sections were protected against those of the
peasants through land revenue systems such as the zamindari system. By 1947, 7% of
landowners owned 54% of the land.
30
@upscmaterialonline
.
 Cheap and machine-made imports flooded the Indian market after the Charter Act of 1813
allowing one-way free trade for the British Citizens. Tariffs of 80% were levied on Indian
textiles. Thus destroying the traditional industries and cities.
Decaying condition of our villages:
 After deindustrialization. Many of the traditional artisans and handicraftsmen abandoned
their professions and moved to villages. An overburdened agriculture sector was a major
cause of poverty and this upset the village’s economic set-up.
The plight of Adivasis, farmers and labourers:
 Farmers: The zamindars with increased powers, demanded illegal dues and ‘begar, to
maximize their share in the production and had no incentive to invest for improvement in
agriculture. The overburdened peasant approached the moneylender to pay his dues,
thus the peasants suffered under the triple burden of the Government, Zamindar and
the Moneylender.
 Adivasis: They suffered due to the loss of traditional lands to the British. Tribal lands were
turned into state property and subject to taxes. Money lenders or ‘Dikus’ exploited them
further. The criminal Tribes Act of 1871 notified anyone born in the notified tribal
communities across the country as a "born criminal", irrespective of their criminal
precedents.
 Labourers: With the limited entry of modern Industries such as Railways, Jute and Textile
Industries. The workers found some work but faced exploitation such as low wages, long
working hours, unhygienic and hazardous working conditions, child labour and absence
of basic amenities.
 Many Indians were forced to work as plantation labourers. The indenture system bound
the labourers to the plantations through a penal-contract system in which the violators
who fled were given harsh punishments by the planters
Position of women:
 The status of women reached the lowest level in society. The rate of literacy was so low
that hardly one woman in a hundred was able to read or write. Evil social practices,
inhuman superstitions and sinister customs caused the maximum degree of deterioration.
Child marriage, enforced widowhood, Devadasi, purdah, dowry, female infanticide and
the practice of polygamy made the Indian society static.
To these sections of people, political empowerment would mean nothing without addressing
the weaknesses in the social structure.
Gandhiji’s constructive programme:
While fighting for political independence, he also wanted to prepare the people for a new and
just social order so that Independence, when it came, would be "complete". In other words,
this was a struggle for Poorna (or complete) Swaraj for all irrespective of their caste, class or
religion.
This meant building up or constructing the nation from its smallest unit (consisting of self-
reliant individuals living in independent self-reliant communities) upwards, through nonviolent
and truthful means.
He appealed to all Congressmen and others engaged in the freedom struggle to address these
issues. The original 13 items were expanded to 18:
31
@upscmaterialonline
.
Communal Village Provincial
Unity Sanitation Languages
Removal of Basic National

Untouchability Education Language
Adult Economic
Prohibition Students
Education Inequality
Khadi Women Kisans Lepers
Knowledge of
Village
Health and Labour Adivasis
Industries
Hygiene
Conclusion
Most of the weaknesses still exist, though in different forms and even today India needs
Constructive programmes 2.0 to uplift several sections of society from poverty, illiteracy and
discrimination and achieve true political independence.
20. Tribal movements during the British rule were the most frequent, militant and violent of all
movements. Elaborate the statement, giving reasons for the same.
Introduction
The tribes of India since time immemorial have been engaged in protecting their land and
culture from outsiders including powerful rulers like the British. Tribal movements in
colonial India were distinguished from the movements of other communities in that
they were the most militant, most isolated and most frequent. The tribal uprisings were
marked by immense courage on the part of the tribal, and their butchery by the official
machinery of suppression.
Main Body
Reasons for the tribal revolts
The causes for the tribal uprisings included
● Imposition of Land revenue Settlement- Expansion of agriculture by the non-tribal to the
tribal areas or over forest cover, led to the erosion of tribal traditions of joint ownership.
● Work of Christian Missionaries- The tendency of the missionaries to refuse to take up
arms or in discouraging people from rising against the government made the missionaries
to be viewed as an extension of colonialism and were often attacked by the rebels.
● British policies and acts like The establishment of the Forest department in 1864, the
Government Forest Act (1865) and the Indian Forest Act in 1878 together established
a complete government monopoly over Indian forest land.
32
@upscmaterialonline
.
● Extension of settled agriculture led to the influx of non-tribal in the tribal areas.
● New taxation rules - reaction to the effect of the landlords to impose taxes on the
customary use of timber and grazing facilities.
● Exploitation by low country traders and money lenders.
● Restrictions on shifting cultivation in forest
● Introduction of the notion of private property.
Tribal uprisings were most frequent:

The revolts among the indigenous population became a routine occurrence during colonialism,
especially in the nineteenth century. For instance,
 Chuar uprising in 1768
 Kol Rebellion 1795-1831
 Bhil rebellion 1822-1857
 Santhals revolt in 1855
 Kolis revolt in 1873
 Munda revolt in 1895
 Koya Rebellion 1922
This is only a small smattering of the total number of conflicts. Noted historian
Ramchandraguha Guha has documented over 110 different colonial-era peasant revolts. The
Anthropological Survey of India in their survey of tribal movements from 1778 to 1970 listed
70 revolts and gave their chronology.
Militant and violent nature of the tribal movement
The Colonial intrusion and the exploitation of traders, money lenders and revenue farmers in
sum disrupted the tribal identity to a lesser or greater degree. In fact, ethnic ties were a basic
feature of tribal rebellions. The rebels saw themselves not as a discreet class but as having a
tribal identity. At this level, the solidarity shown was of a very high order
Tribal revolts were characterised to be the militant and violent in nature because
1. Brutal repression from the Britisher's side –
a. For example, Santhals Rebellion - Zamindars, the Police, the revenue and the court
alas have exercised a combined system of extortions, oppressive exactions, forcible
dispossession of property, abuse and personal violence and a variety of petty
tyrannies upon the timid and yielding Santhals.
2. Tribal resorting to guerrilla warfare -
a. For example –Bhil rebellion –Bhils traditionally had an identity of guerrilla fighters
and warriors. The Bhils being nomadic hunters operated from the thick jungle and
the regimented British forces clearly found them difficult to overcome. The guerrilla
war lasted for over twenty years.
3. For tribals, it was not only economic but the question of cultural existence –
a. For example –Koi revolt - Koi revolt is an important mass uprising among the tribals
of Bastar. They stated that the forest and its trees were their mothers and they
would not allow the exploitation of their natural resources and forests.
4. Leaders were not educated and found violence as the only way-
a. For example the Munda Rebellion -. The movement aimed to reconstruct the tribal
society from disintegration, which was staring in its face due to the stress and strains
of colonial rule. They wanted to establish the Ulgulan- the great Tumult” aimed to
establish Munda Raj and independence.
33
@upscmaterialonline
.
b. Leaders were not educated enough to fight the Britishers through prayers and
petitions so they resorted to violence in many cases.
Conclusion
Even in the present times, when the government and its machinery fail to protect the tribals,
they are forced to take up arms against their exploiters. The instances of tribal movement,
therefore, remain a source of inspiration for all those who are exploited and marginalised.
34
@upscmaterialonline

Insight Mains Test 2 (2023)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Insight Mains Test 2 (2023)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Insight Mains Test 2 (2023)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IPM / YLM - 2023

Duration: 3 Hours Total Marks: 250

9 Ø Any page or portion of the page left

Total Marks Obtained :

OUR TEST CENTRES

BENGALURU DELHI HYDERABAD

www.insightsonindia.com -1- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -2- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -3- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -4- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -5- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -6- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -7- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -8- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -9- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -10- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -11- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -12- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -13- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -14- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -15- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -16- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -17- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -18- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -19- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -20- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -21- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -22- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -23- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -24- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -25- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -26- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -27- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -28- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -29- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -30- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -31- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -32- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -33- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -34- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -35- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -36- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -37- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -38- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -39- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -40- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -41- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -42- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -43- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -44- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -45- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -46- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -47- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -48- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -49- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

www.insightsonindia.com -50- www.instacourses.insightsonindia.com

Fig2: Administration under Mughal