Ratios & Proportions A‟s Share = 6x = 180

B‟s Share = 7x = 210

Subtopics to be covered: - C‟s Share = 10x = 300

 Basic Questions on Ratios Q4. The salary of A, B & C is in the ratio

 Multiple to Single Ratio Conversion 5:9:4, if C is earning Rs. 3500 less than B,
 Percentages based questions on ratios then find, how much more than A, does B is
 Questions on coins earning?
 Income | Expenditure | Savings A B C
 Geometry questions based on ratio 5x 9x 4x
 Proportion based questions
 Miscellaneous Questions C is earning 5x less than B
It is given that C is earning 3500 less than B.
Basic Questions on Ratios: - 5x = 3500
x = 700
Q1. A & B are two numbers whose value is
in the ratio 2:3 if the sum of A & B is 35 Now the question is how much more than A
then find the values of A & B? does B is earning?
A B Sum We can clearly see that B is earning 4x more
2x 3x 5x than A

Sum is given as 35 4x = 2800

5x=35
x=7 Q5. Four numbers are in the ratio 1:2:3:4
find the sum of second & third number if
A=2x=14 B=3x=21 the sum of all the numbers is 16.
A B C D
Q2. A, B & C are three numbers whose x 2x 3x 4x
value is in the ratio 5:3:6 if the value of C is
A+B+C+D = 10x = 16
16 more than A then find the value of
B+C = 5x = 8
A+B+C?
A B C Q6. If the sum of two numbers is 40 & their
5x 3x 6x difference is 4 then find the ratio of these
two numbers.
C is x more than A ……..(1)
It is given that value of C is 16 more than A. ………..(2)
Hence x=16
Adding (1) & (2)
A+B+C = 5x+3x+6x=14x=224
2a = 44 a=22
Q3. Divide 690 among A, B & C in the ratio
6:7:10 Putting a = 22 in (1)
A B C
6x 7x 10 x
therefore

Sum of A, B & C = 6x+7x+10x = 23 x

Total Amount to be distributed = 690
23x = 690 therefore x= 30
Q7. If x:y = 3:2 then find Q11. If X:Y:Z = 2:3:4 then find
The given ratio of x:y = 3:2.
In this type of questions, directly consider x=3
& y=2 and solve
Method 1: - In these types of question
multiply all the denominators or take the LCM
of all the denominators & then multiply all the
fractions with that product value or LCM

Q8. If x:y = 2:5 then find Product of denominator = 3*4*2 = 24

=( )

Q9. If then find x:y?

Method 2: - Take the first numerator &

multiply it with other two denominators to
On cross multiplying we get obtain the first value & repeat the same
process to obtain 2nd & 3rd value as well.

Q10. If x and y are two positive integers

such that (4x2 - 3y2): (2x2 + 3y2) = 37:59.
What is the value of x:y?(TCS 2020 (Oct 26
5 to 8))
Q12. The weights of P, Q, R & S is in the
A. 3:2 B. 4:3
C. 3:4 D. 2:3 ratio if P is 36 kilograms heavier
Solving these types of questions by options is than S then find the weights of Q & R?
good strategy as the calculation sometimes can
be cumbersome

Option A
Putting x=3 y=2 we get = (1*3*4*5) :( 1*2*4*5) :( 1*2*3*5) :(1*2*3*4)

P: Q: R: S = 60: 40: 30: 24 = 30: 20: 15: 12

P = 30x Q = 20x
Option B R = 15x S = 12x
Putting x=4 y=3 we get
It is given that P is 36 kg heavier than S & we
can observe that P is 18 x more than S

18x = 36 kg x = 2kg
We obtained desired result with option B. Q = 20x = 40kg R = 15x = 30kg

Hence the answer of this question is B. 4:3

Q13. Rs 6400 are divided among three Multiple to Single Ratio Conversion: -
workers in the ratio . The share (in
Q16. If a: b=2:3 and b: c=4:5 find a: b: c?
Rs) of the second worker is
Let us assume the three workers are A, B & C Method: - This method works best if there are
only 2 ratios to be converted into single ratio.
A: B :C = 9:30:25 The method works as follows

A B C 1. Find the common variable in both

9x 30 x 25x ratios.
2. Multiply whole first ratio with value
A+B+C = 64 x
of common variable in the second
Total amount to be given to them = 6400
64x = 6400 ⸫x = 100 ratio & vice versa.
The share of second worker = 30x=3000. 3. Thus, the value of the common
variable becomes the same in both the
Q14. If then find ratios. Now, just combine all the
variables to obtain the desired result.
In these types of questions compare the first
expression of LHS with first expression of a:b = 2:3 b:c = 4:5
RHS to obtain the value of first variable repeat
the same process to find the value of other Multiply 1st ratio with 4 & 2nd ratio with 3
variables.
a:b = 8:12 b:c = 12 : 15

Combined ratio a:b:c = 8 : 12 : 15

⸫a = 6x Q17. If a:b= and b:c= find a:b:c?

(Hint: Apply the concept seen in Q11 to

x ⸫ b = 12x
convert the fractional ratio into numeric ratio.)

⸫ c = 28x a:b = 5:6 b:c = 8:15

Multiply 1st ratio with 8 & 2nd ratio with 6

a:b = 40:48 b:c = 48 : 90

rd th
Q15. If the 2/3 salary of A, 3/5 salary of B
& 1/4th salary of C, are in the ratio 2:3:5 a:b:c = 40 : 48 : 90 = 20 : 24 : 45
then find the salary of B if the C is earning
Rs. 34000 more than A Q18. If a:b= 2:5 and a:c= 3:2 find a:b:c?

In this question the common variable is „a‟ so

we will multiply second ratio with first value
⸫a = 3x of „a‟ & vice versa

⸫ b = 5x a:b = 2:5 a:c = 3:2

⸫c = 20x Multiply 1st ratio with 3 & 2nd ratio with 2

17x = 34000 ⸫ x = 2000 a:b = 6:15 a:c = 6 : 4

Salary of B = 5x = 10000 Combined ratio a: b: c = 6: 15: 4

Q19. If a:b=1:2 and b:c=3:4 and c:d=5:6 Q23. The sum of three numbers A, B & C is
find a:b:c:d? 98 If ratios of A & B is 2 : 3 & that of B & C
is 5:8 then find B?
In these types of questions where we have to
combine more than 2 ratios, follow the visuals a:b = 2:3 & b:c = 5:8
shown below to find the answer. a:b:c = 10:15:24 (Converted multiple ratio into
single ratio using method shown in Q16)
a b c d
1 2 2 2 So we can say a = 10x, b = 15x & C = 24x
3 3 4 4 a + b + c = 49x=98(as given in question)
5 5 5 6 x=2
Value of B = 15x = 30
15 : 30 : 40 : 48
Q24. If ratios of salaries of A & B as well as
Q20. If and and find B & C is 4:5 and A is earning 18000 rupees
less than C find the salary of B?
a:b:c:d?
a b c d
a:b = 4:5 & b:c = 4:5
2 3 3 3
a:b:c = 16:20:25
1 1 4 4
5 5 5 7
So we can say a = 16x, b = 20x & C = 25x
10 : 15 : 60 : 84
Now we can observe that A is earning 9 x less
than C & as per the question he is earning
Q21. If 2a=3b=4c find a : b : c?
18000 less than C
9x = 18000
If pa=qb=rc (where p, q & r are coefficients
x = 2000
and a, b & c are variables) then
Salary of B = 20x = 40000
a:b:c = qr:pr:pq
Q25. In a school, the ratio of boys to girls is
4 : 3 and the ratio of girls to teachers is 8 :
It is given that 2a=3b=4c
1. Find the total number of students in the
By using the method given above
school if the total teachers in the school are
a : b : c = 12 : 8 : 6 = 6 : 4 : 3
18.

Q22. If then find Boys : girls = 4 : 3 girls : teachers =8 : 1

If
Boys : girls : teachers = 32 : 24 : 3
is given then
Now as per the question the total numbers of
a:b:c=p:q:r teachers in the school are 18

Now solving the given question using the

3x = 18 ⸫ x = 6
method given below

a:b:c=3:4:7 a=3x, b=4x & c=7x Total Students = Boys + Girls

Boys + Girls = 32x + 24x = 56 x = 336
Percentages based questions on ratios: -
Q26. If 20% of (P+Q) = 50% of (P−Q) then
find P:Q
Q29. Seats for Maths, Physics & Biology are
in the ratio 5:7:8 if the seats are increased
by 40%, 50% & 75% respectively then find
the new ratio
Initial ratio
Maths: Physics: Biology = 5: 7: 8

Increment in Maths = 40%

Increment in Physics = 50%
Increment in Biology = 75%

New Ratio of Math : Physics : Biology

= 140*5 : 150*7 : 175*8
P:Q=7:3 =2 : 3 : 4

Q27.If 120% of A = 80% of B then find Q30.The salaries of A,B & C are in the ratio
(B+A) : (B−A) 4:10:25. If the increments of 30%, 15% &
25% are provided to A,B & C respectively
then what will be the ratio of their new
salaries? (TCS 2020(25th Oct 5pm to 8pm))
3A=2B A. 104:230:625 B. 250:201:525
C. 260:231:450 D. 265:231:575

Initial ratio
A : B : C = 4: 10: 25

Increment in A = 30%
Q28. The number of boys & girls in a school Increment in B = 15%
are 7:8 if 20% of the boys & 10% of the Increment in C = 25%
girls are increased then what will be the
new ratio of boys & girls in the school New Ratio of A:B:C = 130*4: 115*10:125*25
=104 : 230 : 625
If the ratio of two numbers is x:y if the first
value of ratio is increased or decreased by p1%
Q31. If 10% of the numerator is increased
and second value of ratio is increased or
and 20% of denominator is decreased the
decreased by p2% then the new ratio is
new value of fraction becomes find the
[ ] [ ] original fraction
Let the original fraction be
Initial ratio of boys : girls= 7 : 8
If the numerator is increased by 10% &
Increment in boys = 20% denominator is decreased by 20% then
Increment in girls = 10%
New ratio = which is given as

New ratio of boys : girls = 120*7 : 110*8

New ratio of boys : girls = 21 : 22

=
Q32. The ratio of salaries of A & B was 4:7
but after the increment of salary of A by
50% & decrement of salary of B by 25%
the salary of A becomes 2000 more than B,
find the sum of new salaries of A & B
Initial Ratio = 4:7
New Ratio = 150*4 : 75*7 = 8 : 7
After the change in salaries
A = 8x B = 7x
We can observe that A is earning x more than
B and as per the question A is earning 2000
more than B
x = 2000
A+B = 8+7 = 15 x = 30000
Q35. The ratio of the number of boys and
girls in a school is 2 : 3. If 50% of boys and
25% of girls are getting scholarships for
their studies, what is the percentage of
school students who are not getting any
scholarships?
In this question we have to find 50% & 25% of
number of boys & girls respectively so it‟s
better to assume the number of boys & girls as
multiple of 100.
Let us consider Boys = 200 & Girls = 300.
Hence the total students in school = 500.
As per the question 50% of Boys gets
scholarships. So 50% of 200 = 100 Boys get
scholarship & 100 don‟t get scholarship.

Q33. There are three numbers the second & As per the question 25% of Girls gets
third numbers are 20% & 50% more than scholarships. So 25% of 300 = 75 Girls get
first number then find the ratio of second & scholarship & 225 don‟t get scholarship.
third number?
Total Student‟s in the school without
In this question we will assume first number as scholarship = 100+225=325
100 so second & third numbers will become
120 & 150 respectively Total Percentage Student‟s in the school
without scholarship =
First Second Third
100 120 150
Questions on coins: -
Second : Third We can solve the questions on coins using the
120 : 150 = 4 : 5 following method: -
If there are coins of „x‟ paisa, „y‟ paisa and „z‟
Q34. If two numbers are respectively 25% paisa in a box in the ratio a: b: c and the total
& 40% less than third number then find the value of notes is „R‟, then
ratio of first & second number?(TCS 2020
25 Oct 12.30pm to 3.30pm) No of „x‟ paisa coins =

In this question we will assume third number

as 100 so first & second numbers will become No of „y‟ paisa coins =
75 & 60 respectively

First Second Third No of „z‟ paisa coins =

75 60 100

First : Second Amount of „x‟ paisa coin = No of „x‟ paisa coin

75 : 60 = 5:4
Q36. In a bag there are coins of 1rupee,
50paisa, & 25 paisa in the ratio of 2:5:6 if
there are total 60 rupees in the bag then
find the number of 1 rupee coins?
Using the formula given on previous page we
get
Total 1 Rupee coins = = 20 coins
Income | Expenditure | Savings: -
The ratio of income of two persons A and B is
I1:I2. If the ratio of their expenditures is E1:E2,
then the monthly income of A and B, when
they saves S1 & S2 rupees can be obtained by
using the following method.

Step 1: - Arrange the given data in the

Q37. A box contains 180 rupees in the form following way
of 1 rupee, 50 paisa and 25 paisa, the Income Expenditure Savings
number of coins of 1 rupee, 50 paisa and 25
paisa are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 Find the I1 E1 S1
number of 25 paisa coins
I2 E2 S2
Total 25 paisa coins = = 160 coins
Step 2: - Now perform cross-multiplication of
Q38. A box contains 90 rupees in the form Income & Expenditure & take positive
difference. Let us consider this value as „x‟
of 50 paisa, 25 paisa and 10 paisa, the
number of coins are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5
Find the amount of 10 paisa coins
Step 3: - Now perform cross-multiplication of
Total 10 paisa coins = = 200 coins
Expenditure & Savings and take positive
difference. Let us consider this value as „y‟
Amount of 10 paisa coins =

Q39. A box contains 372 rupees in the form Step 4: - Now finally find the income of A &
of 1 rupee, 50 paisa and 25 paisa, the B using the following formula
number of coins of 1 rupee, 50 paisa and 25
paisa are in the ratio 3 : 8 : 20 Find the total Monthly income of A =
number of coins
Total Coins = = = 961 coins
Monthly income of B =

Q40. The number of 10 paisa, 20 paisa, 25 Q41. The ratio of monthly income &
paisa and 50 paisa coins contained in the bag expenditure of A & B is 5:4 and 4:3
are in the ratio ⅙ : ¼ : ⅓ : ½ , amounts to respectively. Find the income of A if both
Rs.240. The total amount of 25 paisa and 50 saves 1000 rupees
paisa coins is(TCS 2020 26 Oct 5pm to 8pm )
Income Expenditure Savings
⅙ : ¼ : ⅓ : ½ = 24:36:48:72 = 2 : 3 : 4 : 6
5 4 1000
Total 25 paisa coins = = 200 coins

4 3 1000
Amount of 25 paisa coins =

Total 50 paisa coins = = 300 coins

Amount of 50 paisa coins =

Monthly income of A = = 5000
Total amount of 25 & 50 paisa coin =
50+150=200 Monthly income of B = = 4000
Q42. The ratio of income & expenditure of
A & B is 5:6 and 3:4 respectively. Find the
income of A, if A & B saves 1800 & 1600
rupees respectively.
Q44. The total income of A, B & C is
5,10,000 if they spends 20% , 25% & 40%
of their income & the ratio of their savings
is 16:12:9 then find the income of C

Income Expenditure Savings Let us assume the income of A, B & C as Ia, Ib

& Ic respectively.
5 3 1800
Spending‟s of A = 20% of Ia
6 4 1600 Savings of A = 80% of Ia

Spending‟s of B = 25% of Ib
Savings of B = 75% of Ib

Spending‟s of C = 40% of Ic
Savings of C = 60% of Ic
Monthly income of A = = 6000
Now the ratio of savings of A, B & C is 5:6:9.

Monthly income of B = = 7200 80% of Ia : 75% of Ib : 60% of Ic = 16 : 12 : 9

Q43. The total income of A, B & C is

6,06,000 if they spends 80%, 85% & 75% of
their income & the ratio of their savings is
5:6:9 then find the income of C

Let us assume the income of A, B & C as Ia, Ib

& Ic respectively.

Spending‟s of A = 80% of Ia
Savings of A = 20% of Ia
Spending‟s of B = 85% of Ib
Savings of B = 15% of Ib
Spending‟s of C = 75% of Ic
Savings of C = 25% of Ic
Now the ratio of savings of A , B & C is 5:6:9.
20% of Ia : 15% of Ib : 25% of Ic = 5 : 6 : 9
51x = 510000
x = 10000
Q45. Last Year’s income of A & B was in
the ratio 2:3, the ratio of their last year’s
income & current income is 3:4 & 4:5
respectively if the sum of their income last
year was 1800 then find the difference
between their current year’s income
Let us assume Last year‟s incomes of A & B
was AL & BL and current year income of A &
B is AC & BC

So as per the question AL: BL = 2 : 3 & sum of

their income last year was 1800
AL= 2x BL = 3x

AL+BL = 5x = 1800 ⸫x = 360

AL = 2x = 720 BL = 3x = 1080
10x = 606000
x = 6000 AL : AC=3 : 4 BL: BC = 4 : 5
AC = 960 BC = 1350
Geometry based questions on ratio: - Q49. The sides of a rectangular park are in
the ratio 4:3 if its area is 1728sq.m then find
Q46. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio the cost of fencing the park if the rate of
2:3:4 then find their measurements fencing is Rs.2.5/m

We know that the sum of angles of triangle is Let‟s say the length & breadth of the rectangle
1800 & the ratio of angles of triangle is given is 4x and 3x respectively.
as 2:3:4
Area of rectangle = length*breadth
0
2x+3x+4x = 9 x = 180
Area of rectangle = 4x*3x = 12x2
x = 200
12x2 = 1728m2
0
First angle = 2 x = 40 x = 12m
Second angle = 3 x = 600
Third angle = 4 x = 800 Length = 4x = 48m
Breadth = 3x = 36m
Q47. The two angles of a right angled
triangle are in the ratio 7:2 then find the Now the perimeter of the rectangle is 2(l + b)
measurements of external angles of these
two angles Perimeter = 2(48 + 36) = 168m
We know that the sum of angles of triangle is Cost of fencing = (Rs.2.5/m)*168m = 420Rs
1800
If the triangle is a right angled triangle then Q50. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio
one of its angles is 900 & the ratio of other two if its perimeter is 104cm then find
angles of triangle is given as 7:2
the longest side of triangle.
0
7x+2x = 9 x = 90
= 12:8:6 = 6: 4: 3
x = 100

First angle = 7 x = 700 So let us assume that the three sides of triangle
Second Angle = 2 x = 200 are 6x, 4x & 3x respectively.

We know that Now as per the question

Internal Angle + External Angle = 1800
The perimeter of the triangle is = 104cm
0
First external angle = 180 70 = 110
Second external Angle = 180 20 = 1600 So 6x+4x+3x = 13x = 104cm
x = 8cm
So the three sides of the triangles are
Q48. One angle of a quadrangle is 400 the
First side = 6x = 48cm
other three angles are in the ratio 5:4:7
find the sum of smallest & largest angle.
Second side = 4 x = 32cm
We know that the sum of angles of rectangle is
3600 & one angle is given as 400 and the ratio Third Side = 3 x = 24cm
of other three angles of is given as 5:4:7
The longest side of the triangle is 48cm
5+4+7 = 16 x = 320 0
⸫x = 20 0

5 x = 1000 4 x = 800 7 x = 1400

Largest Smallest= 1400 400=1000

Questions on proportions: - Q53. Find the 3rd proportion of (x2−y2) &
(x + y)
If a, b, c & d are in proportion then

Here a, b, c & d are called first proportion,

second proportion, third proportion & fourth
proportion respectively

If a, b & c are in proportion then (also

known as continued proportion) C=

Here a & c are called first proportion & third Q54. What number should be subtracted
proportion respectively while the b is called as from 5, 8, 12 & 22 so that the four numbers
mean proportion are in proportion?

Let „x‟ be a number which is subtracted/added 5, 8, 12, 22

from/to a, b, c and d to make them
proportional, then
Number to be subtract = =2
x= Q55. What is the mean proportional
between the fourth proportional of (0.03, 5,
Let „x‟ be a number which is subtracted/added 0.006) and (0.81, 29.4, 5.4)? (TCS 2020 26th
from/to a, b, c to make them mean/continued Oct 12.30pm to 3.30pm)
proportional, then
A. 14 B. 1.4
C. 2.8 D. 0.28
x=

Q51. Find the mean proportion of 16 & 9

First proportional = x = 1

Third proportional = y = 196

b2 = 144
b = 12 Now we have to find the mean proportional to
1 & 196
Q52. Find the 4th proportion of 8, 12 & 18
So

b2 = 196
c=
b = 14
c = 27
Miscellaneous Questions: -
Q56. A certain sum is supposed to be divided
among A, B, C & D in the ratio 2:3:5:8, by
mistake it is divided amongst them in the ratio
& hence D gets Rs.8420 less then
what he should actually get, find the sum?(TCS
2020)
A. 25020 B. 12510 C. 37530 D. 17540
A:B:C: D = 2:3:5:8
(A+B+C+D) = 2x+3x+5x+8x = 18 x
A:B:C:D = = 60:40:24:15
(A+B+C+D) = 60y+40y+24y+15y = 139 y
Now the total sum value of A+B+C+D cannot
be different in two cases so to make the total
sum value of A+B+C+D same, multiply all the
values of the first ratio with 139y & of the
second ratio with 18x
If the diamond would not have broken its weight
would have been 10x & its price would have been
100x2
So we can clearly observe that we lost 70x2 because
of breaking the diamond.
70x2 =140000 ⸫ x2 = 2000
Price of original diamond = 100x2=200000
Q58. Two candles of the same height are lighted at
the same time. The first is consumed in 8 hours and
the second in 6 hours. Assuming that each candle
burns at a constant rate, in how many hours after
being lighted, the ratio between the height of first and
second candles becomes 3:2?
If first is consumed in X hours and the second in Y hours
& the ratio between the height of first and second candles
is P:Q then time taken can be given by following formula
No of hours required H =
P=3 Q=2
X=8 Y=6

A:B:C:D = 278xy:417xy:695xy:1112xy Putting the values in formula we get

(A+B+C+D)=278+417+695+1112=2502xy
A:B:C:D = 1080xy:720xy:432xy:270xy
(A+B+C+D)=1080+720+432+270=2502xy
In first case D was getting 1112xy but in
second case he is getting 270xy so he is losing
842xy
H= = 4 hours
Q59. An amount of 2430 was divided among A,
B & C in such a way that if Rs.5, 10 & 15 are
reduced from their share’s respectively then the
amount received by them is in the ratio 3:4:5
find their share’s

A+B+C = 2430
Now as per the question D is getting 8420 less
than what he should actually get so we can say The ratio of (A 5) : (B 10) : (C 5) = 3:4:5
that 842xy = 8420 ⸫xy = 10
(A 5) = 3x (B 10) = 4x (C 15) = 5x
And we know that in both the cases the total
amount is equal to 2502xy A+B+C

So the total sum = 2502xy = 25020 2430 ⸫x = 200

Q57. The price of the diamond is directly (A 5) = 600 (B 10) = 800 (C 15) = 1000
proportional to square of its weight. A man A = 605 B = 810 C = 1015
broke the diamond accidentally in four pieces in
the ratio 4:3:2:1 & hence he loses Rs. 1,40,000. Q60. Two whole numbers whose sum is 72
What was the original price of the diamond cannot be in the ratio?
a)5:7 b)3:5
Let us assume the weight of broken pieces to be 4x, c)4:5 d)3:4
3x, 2x, & x so as per the question there prices
would have been 16x2, 9x2,4x2 & x2 respectively so By options we can say that 3:4 cannot be the ratio
the sum of their price is 30x2 of two numbers whose sum is 72.
Home Work Questions: - Q11. The ratio of three numbers is 3 : 4 : 5 and
the sum of their squares is 1250. The sum of
the numbers is :
Q1. If 33% of A is equal to 55% of B then find
(a) 30 (b) 50 (c) 60 (d) 90
the ratio of A and B?
(a) 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 3
Q12. A sum of Rs. 427 is to be divided among
(c) 3 : 4 (d) 5 : 4
A, B and C such that 3 times A‟s share, 4
tunes B‟s share and 7 times C‟s share are all
Q2. Two numbers are respectively 20% and
equal. The share of C is :
50% more than a third number. The ratio of
(a) 84 (b) 147 (c) 168 (d) 196
the two numbers is:
(a) 2 : 5 (b) 3 : 5
Q13. What is the fourth proportional of 0.006,
(c) 4 : 5 (d) 6 : 7
1.2 & 6/25?
(a) 36 (b) 48 (c)4.8 (d) 3.6
Q3. A sum of money is to be distributed
among A, B, C, D in the proportion of 5:2:4:3.
Q14. If a:b = 2:3; b:c = 4:5; and d is 20% more
If C gets Rs. 1000 more than D, what is B‟s
than c, find the ratio between a and d?
share?
(TCS2021)
(a) Rs. 500 (b) Rs. 1500
(a)4:9 (b) 8:9
(c) Rs. 2000 (d) Rs. 2400
(c) 1:4 (d) 4:7
Q4. If Rs. 966 is divided into three parts,
Q15. Aditya, Bhaskar and Chandu divide an
proportional to then the first part is: amount of Rs. 10,200 among themselves in the
ratio 4:7:6. Aditya and Chandu give Rs.600
(a) Rs. 182 (b) Rs. 190 each to charity and Bhaskar lent Rs. 3,000 to
(c) Rs. 196 (d) Rs. 252 Pradeep and Pradeep gives him money back
with an interest of Rs. 1,200. Find the ratio of
Q5. If the value of a : b is: amounts with them now. (TCS2021)
(a)5:4:6 (b)3:5:9
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 3 (c)4:5:6 (d)3:9:5
(d) 1 : 4 (d) None of these
Q16. A box contains a total of 45 coins of one
Q6. If P : Q = 8 : 15 and Q : R = 3 : 2, then rupee, five rupees and two rupees. The total
find P : Q : R? value of all the coins in the box is Rs. 91. The
(a) 8 : 15 : 7 (b) 7 : 15 : 8 number of one rupee coin is one more than the
(c) 8 : 15 : 10 (d) 10 : 15 : 8 total number of 5 rupees and two rupees coins.
What is the number of five rupees coins in the
Q7. Find the 4th proportional to 4, 16 and 7? box? (TCS2021)
(a) 28 (b) 29 (c) 22 (d) 25 (a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 10
Q8. Find the mean proportional of 9 and 64?
Q17. If a : b = 3 : 4, b : c = 2 : 3, c : d = 1 : 2,
(a) 25 (b) 24 (c) 27 (d) 35
find the value of √ (TCS 2021)
Q9. If a : b = 3 : 5 and b : c = 4 : 7, then a : c is
equal to: (a) 25 : 16 (b) 4 : 5
(d) 16 : 25 (d) 5 : 4
(a) 11 : 35 (b) 35 : 11
(c) 35 : 12 (d) 12 : 35
Q18. The ratio of incomes of two persons A &
Q10. Sachin is younger than Rahul by 4 years. B is 1/9:1/13 and the ratio of their expenditure
If their ages are in the respective ratio of 7 : 9, is 1/5:1/7. If person A saves Rs.5000 per
how old is Sachin(in years)? month and person B saves Rs.3000 per month.
What is the sum of their monthly incomes?
(a) 16 years (b) 18 years
(c) 14 years (d) 15 years (a)26000 (b)18000 (c)22000 (d)44000
Q19. Three number A, B and C are in ratio of
12 : 15 : 25. If sum of these numbers be 364
find the ratio between difference of B & A and
the difference of C & B?
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 3 : 10
(c) 3 : 5 (d) 4 : 3
Q20. In a bag, there are coins of 25 p, 10 p and
5 p in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3. If there are Rs. 30
in all, how many 5 p coins are there?
(a) 50 (b) 100 (c) 150 (d) 200
Q21. An amount of Rs. 735 was divided
between A, B and C. If each of them had
received Rs. 25 less, their shares would have
been in the ratio of 1:3:2. The money received
by C was :
(a) Rs. 195 (b) Rs. 200
(c) Rs. 225 (d) Rs. 245
Q22. The electricity bill of a certain
establishment is partly fixed and partly varies
as the number of units of electricity consumed.
When in a certain month 540 units are
consumed, the bill is Rs. 1800. In another
month 620 units are consumed and the bill is
Rs. 2040. In yet another month 500 units are
consumed. The bill for that month would be :
(a) Rs. 1560 (b) Rs. 1680
(c) Rs. 1840 (d) Rs. 1950
Q23. Two horses cost as much as 5 dogs, 6
dogs as much as 8 oxen, 10 oxen as much as
50 sheep, 14 sheep as much as 9 goats. If the
price of one goat is Rs. 700, find the cost of
one horse
(a) Rs. 7500 (b) Rs. 6400
(c) Rs. 5200 (d) Rs. 4800
Q24. Two candles of the same height are
lighted at the same time. The first is consumed
in 8 hours and the second in 6 hours.
Assuming that each candle burns at a constant
rate, in how many hours after being lighted,
the ratio between the height of first and second
candles becomes 2 : 1?
(a) 4 h (b) 5 h
(c) 4 h 30 m (d) 4 h 48m
Partnerships
Subtopics to be covered: -
 Simple Partnership
 Partner leaving or joining in between
 Partner to invest/withdraw in between
 Finding Investment/time value when
profit ratio is known
 Miscellaneous Questions
Simple Partnership: -
Q1. A, B & C, started a business with an
investment of 1200, 1800 & 2400
respectively find the ratio in which the
profit will be distributed after one year.
If A, B & C have invested Rs. x, y & z for the
same time then the profit distributed amongst
them will be in the ratio x: y: z.
Profit Ratio = 1200:1800:2400 = 2:3:4
Q2. A & B started a business with an
investment of 10000 & 25000 respectively. If
profit earned by them after one year is
Rs.2100 then find the shares of A & B in the
profit
Profit Ratio = 10000:25000 = 2:5
A B Total profit
2x 5x 7x
7x = 2100
X = 300
A = 2x = 600 B = 5x = 1500
Q3. A, B & C entered into a partnership. A
invests 3 times as much as B & B invests
2/3rd of what C invest. Find the share of B if
profit earned by them is 6600.
A = 3B B=
A:B = 3:1 B:C = 2:3

Q25. The total of the daily wages of Ram, A:B:C = 6:2:3 (Multiple to single ratio
Shyam and Mohan is Rs. 450. If they, conversion)
respectively spend 25%, 20% and 50% of their A B C Total
incomes then the ratio of their savings 6x 2x 3x 11x = 6600
becomes 9 : 8 : 4. What is the income of Ram?
(a) 180 (b) 190 (c) 200 (d) 175 B‟s share = 1200
Q4. A, B C subscribe Rs. 50000 for a Q7. X starts a business with Rs.45000. Y
business. A subscribes 4000 more than B & joins in the business after 3 months with
B subscribes 5000 more than C. Out of the Rs.30000. What will be the ratio in which
total profit of 25000, A receives?
they should share the profit at the end of
Let us assume C = Rs. x the year?
B = x+5000
A = x+5000+4000 = x+9000 X Y
Investment 45000 : 30000 = 3:2
x+9000+x+5000+x = 50000
x = 12000 Time 12 : 9 = 4:3
A B C
21000 17000 12000
Profit Ratio = (Ix*Tx : Iy*T y) = ((3*4) : (2*3))
A: B: C = 21:17:12
A = 21x B = 17x C = 12x Profit Ratio = 2:1

50x = 25000 X = 500 Q8. A & B and C started a partnership with

A‟s share = 21x = 10500 an investment of 2000, 3000 & 4000 Rs
respectively A left after 12 months and B
Q5. If 4 times the A's capital = 6 times the
B's capital = 10 times C's capital, then out left after 18 months find the profit of C
of a profit of Rs. 4650, C will receive after 2 years if total profit earned is 3100
and 200 Rs. out of profit is donated to
4A = 6B = 10C charity
A: B: C = 60: 40: 24 = 15: 10: 6
A B C
A = 15x B = 10x C = 6x
31x = 4650 X = 150 Investment 2000 : 3000 : 4000 = 2:3:4

C‟s share = 6x = 900 Time 12 : 18 :24 = 2:3:4

Partner leaving or joining in between: - Profit Ratio = 4:9:16

If A, B & C have invested in the ratio x: y: z A = 4x B = 9x C = 16x

for the time period in the ratio p: q: r
respectively then the profit distributed 29x = 2900 ⸫ X = 100
amongst them will be in the ratio xp: yq: zr.
C‟s share = 16x = 1600
Q6. A & B started a partnership with an
investment of 2000 & 3000 Rs respectively Q9. Three milkmen rented a pasture. A
and A left the partnership after 6 month grazed 24 cows for 4 months; B 10 cows for
then find the ratio in which the profit will 6 months; C 56 cows for 5 months. If A's
be distributed amongst A and B after 12 share of rent is Rs. 960, find the total rent of
the field?
months.
A B C
A B
Cows 24 : 10 : 56
Investment 2000 : 3000 = 2:3
Time 4 :6 :5

Time 6 : 12 = 1:2
Rent Ratio = 96:60:280

Profit Ratio = (Ia*T a : Ib*Tb) = ((2*1) : (3*2)) A‟s Share in rent = 96x=960 ⸫X = 10

Profit Ratio = 1:3 Total Rent =96x+60x+280x = 436x = 4360

Q10. Aman started a business investing Rs. Q13. Suresh started a business with
70,000. Rakhi joined him after six months Rs.20,000. Kiran joined him after4 months
with an amount of Rs.. 1,05,000 and Sagar with Rs.30,000. After 2 more months,
joined them with Rs. 1.4 lakhs after another
Suresh withdrew Rs.5,000 of his capital and
six months. The amount of profit earned
should be distributed in what ratio among 2 more months later, Kiran brought in
Aman, Rakhi and Sagar respectively, 3 Rs.20,000 more. What should be the ratio in
years after Aman started the business? which they should share their profits at the
end of the year?
Investment ratio = 70k: 105k: 140k = 2: 3: 4
S1 S2 K1 K2
Time Ratio = 36: 30: 24 = 6: 5: 4 Amt. 20000 15000 30000 50000
Time 6 6 4 4
Profit Ratio = 12: 15: 16
Investment ratio = 4: 3: 6: 10
Partner to invest/withdraw in between: - Time ratio = 3: 3: 2: 2

Q11. A & B started a partnership with an PR = ((4*3) + (3*3)) ((6*2) + (10*2)) = 21:32
investment of 10000 & 15000 Rs
Q14. A, B, C started a business with their
respectively after 6 months B withdraws investments in the ratio 1:3:5. After 4
5000 Rs find the ratio in which profit will be
months, A invested the same amount as
distributed after 1 year. before and B withdrew half of his
investment. Find the ratio of their profits at
A B1 B2
the end of the year
Amt. 10000 15000 10000
Time 12 6 6 Let‟s assume investment to be 10, 30 & 50

A1 A2 B1 B2 C
Investment ratio = 2:3:2
Amt. 10 20 30 15 50
Time ratio = 2:1:1 Time 4 8 4 8 12

Profit Ratio = (2*2) : ((3*1)+(2*1)) Investment ratio = 2: 4: 6: 3: 10

Profit Ratio = 4:5 Time ratio = 1: 2: 1: 2: 3

Q12. A, B and C started a partnership with PR =((2*1) + (4*2)): ((6*1) + (3*2)) : (10*3)
an investment of 1000, 2000 and 3000 Rs Profit Ratio = 10: 12: 30 = 5: 6: 15
respectively after 6 months B withdraws Q15. A, B and C forms a partnership and
1000 Rs and C invested another 1000 Rs.
their shares are in the ratio 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4.
find the ratio in which profit will be After 2 months, A withdraws half of his
distributed after 1 year. capital find B’s profit if they get Rs. 318 as
profit after 10 months
A B1 B2 C1 C2
Amt. 1000 2000 1000 3000 4000 A1 A2 B C
Time 12 6 6 6 6
Amt. 6 3 4 3
Time 2 8 10 10
Investment ratio = 1: 2: 1: 3: 4
Time ratio = 2: 1: 1: 1: 1 PR = ((6*2) + (3*8)) (4*10): (3*10) = 18:20:15

PR = (1*2): ((2*1) + (1*1)): ((3*1) + (4*1)) 18x+20x+15x = 53x = 318 ⸫x=6

Profit Ratio = 2: 3: 7 B‟s share = 20x = 120

Finding Investment/time value when
profit ratio is known: -
If the ratio of investment of A, B & C is x:y:z
and if the ratio of profit sharing is p:q:r, then
time ratio =
Q18. A and B are partners in a business. A
contributes 1/4 of the capital for 15 months
and B received 2/3 of the profit. For how
long, B's money was used?
Profit Ratio =

If the ratio of time of A, B & C is x:y:z and if Investment ratio =

the ratio of profit sharing is p:q:r, then
investment ratio = Time Ratio =

Time of A = 3x = 15months ⸫x=5

Q16. A starts a business with a capital of
Rs. 85,000. B joins in the business with
Rs.42500 after some time. For how much
period does B join, if the profits at the end
of the year are divided in the ratio of 3 : 1?
Profit Ratio = 3: 1
Investment Ratio = 85000: 42500 = 2: 1
Time of B = 2x = 10months
Q19. Three partners shared profit in the
ratio 5:7:8 if the time period of their
investment was 14 months 8 months & 7
months respectively then find the ratio of
their investment?

Time ratio = = 3:2 Profit Ratio = 5: 7: 8

Time Ratio = 14:8:7
Time of A = 3x = 12 months
⸫X=4 Investment ratio = 20: 49: 64

Time of B = 2x = 8 months Q20. A and B start a business jointly. A

Q17. A started a business with an
investment of 2000Rs after some time B
joins him with an investment of 3000Rs
after how many month does B joined A if
the profit is distributed in the ratio 2:1 after
1 year
Profit Ratio = 2: 1
Investment Ratio = 2000: 3000 = 2: 3
Time ratio = = 3:1
Time of A = 3x = 12 months ⸫X=4
Time of B = x = 4 months
invests Rs. 16,000 for 8 months and B
remains in the business for 4 months, Out
of total profit, B claims 2/7tℎ of the profit.
How much money was contributed by B ?
Profit Ratio =
Time Ratio = 8:4 = 2:1
Investment ratio =
Investment of A = 5x = 16000
⸫X = 3200

Hence we can say that B joined A after 8

Investment of B = 4x = 12800
months
Miscellaneous Questions: -
Q21. A, B, C and D enter into partnership.
A subscribes 1/3 of the capital B 1/4, C 1/5
and D the rest. How much share did A get
in a profit of Rs.2490 ?
In these types of Questions assume Total
investment = product of all denominators
So for this question, investment = 3*4*5 = 60
A‟s Investment = 20
B‟s Investment = 15
C‟s Investment = 12
D‟s Investment = 13
A:B:C:D = 20:15:12:13
Total profit = 60x = 2490
A‟s share = 20x = 830
Q23. A and B invest in a business in the
ratio 3 : 2. If 5% of the total profit goes to
charity and A's share is Rs. 855, the total
profit is :
Let us say if total profit is 100x then they have
distributed 95x amongst them
Now as per the question the Ratio in which
they will distribute 95x is 3:2
A = 57x = 855
X = 15
Total profit = 100x = 1500
Q24. Vishal invested 10% more than
Trisha. Trisha invested 10% less than
Raghu. If the total sum of their investments
is Rs. 5780, how much amount did Raghu
invest ?

Q22. In a partnership, A invests 1/6th of the Vishal : Trisha = 110:100 = 11:10

capital for 1/6th of the time, B invest 1/3rd Trisha: Raghu = 90 : 100 = 9 : 10
of the capital for 1/3rd of the time and C
invests the rest of the capital for the whole Vishal: Trisha: Raghu = 99: 90: 100
time. Out of a profit of Rs. 4600, B's share is
V+T+R = 99x+90x+100x = 289x = 5780
Let us assume total investment = Rs. 18 & X = 20
total time = 18 months
Raghu = 100x = 2000
A B C
Investment 3 6 9 = 1:2:3 Q25. Raj and Sanjay are partners in a
business firm. Raj puts in Rs. 5000 and
Time 3 6 18 = 1:2:6 Sanjay put in Rs. 6000. Raj receives 25% of
the profit for managing the business and the
Profit Ratio = 1: 4: 18 balance is divided in the ratio of their
capitals. If the total profit is Rs. 880, find
A‟s profit = x Raj’s total share.
B‟s profit = 4x
C‟s profit = 18x Out of the total profit of Rs. 880 Raj will take
25% of 880 = 220 for managing the business,
Total profit = x+4x+18x = 23x = 4600 they will share the remaining 660 as per their
investment ratio 5:6
⸫ X = 200 5x+6x = 11x = 660
X = 60
B‟s share = 4x = 800 Raj = 5x = 300 Sanjay = 6x = 360

So the total profit of Raj = 300+220 = Rs. 520

Homework Questions: -
Q1. A, B and C jointly thought of engaging
themselves in a business venture. It was agreed
that A would invest Rs. 6500 for 6 months, B,
Rs. 8400 for 5 months and C, Rs. 10,000 for 3
months. A wants to be the working member
for which, he was to receive 5% of the profits.
The profit earned was Rs. 7400. Calculate the
share of B in the profit
A.1900 B.2660
C.2800 D.2840
Q2. Kamal started a business with Rs.25000
and after 4 months, Kiran joined him with
Rs.60000. Kamal received Rs.58000 including
10% of profit as commission for managing the
business. What amount did Kiran receive?
A. 75000 B. 72000
C. 78000 D. 70000
Q3. A, B and C enter into a partnership in the
ratio After 4 months, A increases his
share 50%. If the total profit at the end of one
year be Rs. 21,600, then B's share in the profit
is:
A.2100 B.2400
C.3600 D.4000
Q4. A starts business with Rs. 3500 and after 5
months, B joins with A as his partner. After a
year, the profit is divided in the ratio 2 : 3.
What is B's contribution in the capital?
A.7500 B.8000
C.8500 D.9000
Q5. A and B started a partnership business
investing some amount in the ratio of 3 : 5. C
joined then after six months with an amount
equal to that of B. In what proportion should
the profit at the end of one year be distributed
among A, B and C?
A.3:5:2 B.3:5:5
C.6:10:5 D. None of these
Q6.A and B started a partnership business
investing Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 15,000
respectively. C joined them with Rs. 20,000
after six months. Calculate B's share in total
profit of Rs. 25,000 earned at the end of 2
years from the starting of the business?
A. 8000 B. 9000
C. 7500 D. 8500
Q7. A starts a business with Rs.40,000. After 2
months, B joined him with Rs.60,000. C
joined them after some more time with
Rs.1,20,000. At the end of the year, out of a
total profit of Rs.3,75,000, C gets Rs.1,50,000
as his share. How many months after B joined
the business, did C join?
A. 5 months B. 6 months
C. 7 months D. 4 months
Q8.A and B entered into a partnership with
capitals in the ratio 4 : 5. After 3 months, A
withdrew 1/4th of his capital and B
withdrew 1/5th of his capital. At the end of 10
months, the gain was Rs.760. What is A's
share in the profit?
A. 310 B. 350
C. 330 D. 370
Q9. Three partners A, B and C start a business.
B's capital is four times C's capital and twice
A's capital is equal to thrice B's capital. If the
total profit is Rs 16500 at the end of a year,
find out B's share in it.
A. 6000 B. 7000
C. 4000 D. 5000
Q10. P, Q, R enter into a partnership. P initially
invests 25 lakh and adds another 10 lakh after
one year. Q initially invests 35 lakh and
withdraws 10 lakh after 2 years. R's investment
is Rs 30 lakh. In what ratio should the profit be
divided at the end of 3 years?
A. 18:18:19 B. 18:19:19
C. 18:19:18 D. 19:19:18
Q11. In a business, A and C invested amounts
in the ratio 2 : 1 , whereas the ratio between
amounts invested by A and B was 3 : 2 . If
Rs.157300 was their profit, how much amount
did B receive?
A. 48400 B. 48000
C. 48200 D. 48600
 Questions on Ages
Subtopics to be covered: -
 Past ratio |Present Ratio | Future Ratio
based questions
 Age of A is “N” times B questions
 Sum | Difference | Product based
questions
 1 units = 8
Past ratio |Present Ratio | Future Ratio
based questions: -
Q1. If the ratio of present ages of A and B is
2:3 and 6 years later the ratio of their ages
will become 7:9 find their present ages
To solve these types of questions we can use
the same method as we have seen in the topic
of ratio proportion Q41.
Present Future Change
Q3. If the ratio of present ages of A and B is
2:1 and 8 years later the ratio of their ages
will become 3:2 find the ratio of their ages
after 20 years from present ages
Present Future Change
A = 2units = 16
B = 1units = 8
After 20 years A =36 years & B = 28years.
The ratio of their ages after 20 years = 9:7
Q4. If the ratio of ages of A and B 5 years
back was 5:7 and after 10 years from now
the ratio of their ages will become 4:5 find
the ratio of their present ages
Past Future Change

3 units = 15
3 units = 12 So 5 years back
1 unit = 4 A = 5units = 25 B = 7units = 35

A = 2units = 8 years Ratio of their present ages = 30:40 = 3:4

B = 3units = 12 years
Q5. If the ratio of ages of A and B 1 year
Q2. If the ratio of present ages of A and B is back was 4:3 and after 1 year from now the
3:5 and 4 years before the ratio of their ages ratio of their ages will become 5:4 find the
was 5:9 find their present ages sum of their present ages
Past Future Change
Present Past Change

1 units = 2
2 units = 16
So 1 year back
1 unit = 8
A = 4units = 8 B = 3units = 6
A = 3units = 24 years Hence their Present ages are
B = 5units = 40 years A = 8+1 = 9 B = 6+1 = 7

Sum of their present ages = 9+7=16 years.

Age of A is “N” times B questions: - Q9. Father is aged four times his son Sunil.
After 8 years, he would be two and a half
Q6. Today Deepak is 4 times as old as Rahul times of Sunil's age. After further 8 years,
after 16 years Deepak is twice as old as how many times would he be of Sunil's age?
Rahul, find the present ages of Deepak &
Rahul At present father is 4 times Sunil‟s age so the
Present Future Change ratio of ages of father & Sunil is 4:1

After 8 years father is 2½ times of Sunil‟s age

so we can say that Father = and hence
2 units = 16 we can say that the ratio of ages of father &
1 unit = 8 Sunil is 5:2

Deepak = 4units = 32 years Present Future Change

Rahul = 1units = 8 years

Q7. The age of father 3 years ago was 7

times his son, at present the father is 5 times 3 units = 24
his son find the present ages of Father &
Son A = 4units = 32 years
Present Past Change B = 1units = 8 years

After 8 years their ages will be 40 & 16 Years

2 units = 18 After Further 8 years their ages will be 48 &

1 unit = 9 24. So we can say that Sunil‟s father is 2 times
as old as Sunil.
Father = 5units = 45 years
Son = 1units = 9 years Q10. Ten years ago, P was half of Q's age.
At Present, age of P = 3/4th of Q what will be
Q8. 5 years ago, the age of father was 7 the total of their present ages?
times his son & thrice after 5 years from
now, find the present ages of Father & Son Present Past Change

Past Future Change

2 units = 10
1 unit = 5
4 units = 20
1 unit = 5 P = 3units = 15 years
Q = 4units = 20 years
5 years back: -
Father = 7units = 35 years Sum of their ages = 15+20 = 35 years
Son = 1units = 5 years

Present Ages = 40 years & 10 years

Sum | Difference | Product based questions:-
11. 5 years ago, the age of mother was 7
times her daughter , if the sum of their ages
is 50 years at present, find the present ages
of Mother & Daughter
Let us assume 5 years ago the daughter was x
years old & hence mother = 7x
So today daughter = x+5 mother = 7x+5
As per the question sum of their ages is 50 so
x+5+7x+5 = 50
8x = 40
X=5
Present ages of daughter & mother = x+5,
7x+5 i.e. 10 & 40 respectively.
12. 4 years later from today, the age of
mother will become 3 times her daughter, if
the sum of their ages is 56 years at present;
find the present ages of Mother & Daughter
Let us assume 4 years later the daughter will
be x years old & hence mother = 3x
So today daughter = x 4 mother = 3x 4
As per the question sum of their ages is 56 so
x 4 + 3x 4 = 56
4x = 64
X = 16
Present ages of daughter & mother = x 4,
3x 4 i.e. 12 & 44 respectively.
13. 5 years ago, the age of Sita was 3 times
Gita if the difference of their ages is 20
years at present, find the present ages of
Sita & Gita
Let us assume 5 years ago the Gita was x years
old & hence Sita = 3x
So today Gita = x+5 Sita = 3x+5
As per the question difference of their ages is
20 so (3x+5) (x+5)= 20
2x = 20
X = 10
Present ages of Gita & Sita = x+5, 3x+5 i.e. 15
& 35 respectively.
14. The ratio of present ages of Father and
son is 4:1 if product of their ages is 196 Find
the ratio of their ages after 5 years from
now
Let us say the age of Son = x & father = 4x
So as per the question the product of their ages
is 196
S0 x*4x = 196
4x2 = 196
x2 = 49
x=7
Present ages of father & son = 28 & 7 years.
After 5 years, Father age = 28+5 = 33years &
Son‟s age = 7+5 = 12 years
Ratio of their ages after 5 years = 33:12 = 11:4
15. The sum of ages of 5 children born at
the intervals of 3 years each is 50 years.
Find out the age of the youngest child?
Let us say the age of 5 children = x, x+3, x+6,
x+9 & x+12 years
x+ x+3+ x+6+ x+9+ x+12 = 50
5x+30 = 50
x= 4
So the age of youngest child = 4 years
Miscellaneous Questions 18. A father said to his son, "I was as old as
you are at the present at the time of your
16. In a group of 4 friends, ratio of present birth". If the father's age is 38 years now,
age of A and D is 4:5 and that B to C is 3:4. what was the son's age five years back?
Calculate the present average age of A, B
and C, if A is 20 years younger than C and Let son's present age be x years.
presently C is 2 times of age of A. Then,
(38−x)=x
2x=38
Let us say A = 4x & D = 5x x=38/2=19
Similarly B = 3y & C = 4y
Now as per the question A is 20 years younger Son's age 5 years back =19−5=14
than C & C is twice the age of A
C = 2A 19. My brother is 3 years elder to me. My
A = C 20 father was 28 years of age when my sister
A = 2A was born while my mother was 26 years of
age when I was born. If my sister
A = 4x = 20 x=5 was 4 years of age when my brother was
C = 4y = 40 y = 10 born, then what was the age of my father
D = 5x = 25 B = 3y = 30 when my brother was born?

Average of A, B & C = Let my age =x=x

Q17. Ratio of Ayush Age to his first son’s
age is 20 : 9 and Ayush wife’s age to Ayush
2nd son’s age is 3 : 1. If elder son of Ayush
is 6 year elder than another son (ayush has
only two son ) and average age of family is
26.5 year then find the age of Ayush’s wife
Ayush = 20x First Son = 9x
Wife = 3y Second Son = y
First son = second son+6
Then
My brother's age =x+3
My mother's age =x+26
My sister's age =(x+3) +4=x+7
My father's age =(x+7) +28=x+35
Age of my father when my brother was
born=x+35−(x+3)=32
20. Sobha's father was 38 years of age when
she was born while her mother was 36 years
old when her brother four years younger to
her was born. What is the difference
between the ages of her parents?

Let Sobha's age =x

9x = y+6
9x y = 6…..(1) Her brother's age =x−4

Family Average = Sobha's father's age =x+38

Sobha's mother's age =(x−4)+36=x+32

29x+4y = 104…..(2)
Difference between her parents age
st
Multiplying 1 equation with 4 & adding 2 nd =(x+38) − (x+32) = 6
equation we get

65x = 130 x=2 y=12

Wife = 3y = 36 years
 Mixture & Alligations Q3. In 24 liters of milk & water solution,
the ratio of milk & water is 5:3. How many
Subtopics to be covered: - liters of water should be added to the initial
 Initial Quantity of mixture is known mixture, so that the resultant solution has
 Initial Quantity of mixture is not- milk & water in the ratio 3:5
known
 Pure liquid is removed & replaced Milk Water Total
with water “n” times 5units 3units 8units = 24
 Alligation Questions
1unit = 3
Initial Quantity of mixture is known: -
Milk Water
15 9
Q1. In 50 liters of milk & water solution,
the ratio of milk & water is 3:2. If 5 liters of
Now let us assume x liters of water is added to
water is added to the mixture then find the
the mixture and after that the ratio of milk &
new ratio of milk & water in the solution
water becomes 3:5
Milk Water Total
2units 3units 5units = 50 Milk Water
3units 5units
1unit = 10
15 9+x
Milk Water
Now as the 3 units of milk is equivalent to 15
30 20
liters of milk 5 units of water is equivalent to
Now as per the question 5 liters of water is 25 liters of water
added to this mixture.
9+x = 25 x = 16liters
So Milk = 30 Water = 25
Q3. In 60 liters of milk & water solution,
New Ratio of Milk: Water = 6:5 the ratio of milk & water is 2:1. How many
liters of milk should be added to the initial
Q2.80 liters of spirit & water solution mixture, so that the resultant solution has
milk & water in the ratio 11:4
consist of spirit & water in ratio 11:5. If 20
liters of spirit is added to the mixture, then
find the new ratio of spirit & water in the Milk Water Total
2units 1units 3units = 60
solution

Spirit Water Total 1unit = 20

11units 5units 16units = 80
Milk = 40 Water = 20
1unit = 5
Now let us assume x liters of milk is added to
Spirit Water the mixture and after that the ratio of milk &
55 25 water becomes 11:4

Milk Water
Now as per the question 20 liters of Spirit is
added to this mixture. 11units 4units
40+x 20
So Spirit = 75 Water = 25
Now as the 4 units of water is equivalent to 20
New Ratio of Spirit: Water = 3:1 liters of water 11 units of milk is equivalent to
55 liters of water

40+x = 55 x = 15liters
Q5. In 16 liters of milk & water solution, Q7. There are two jars consisting of milk &
the ratio of milk & water is 2:1. If 4 liters of water in the ratio of 3:2 & 4:3 respectively
mixture is removed & replaced with water if the content of this two jars are mixed in
then find the new ratio of milk & water the third jar in the ratio 2:3 then find ratio
of milk & water in the resultant solution.
In these types of questions compare the total
quantity of milk & water after removal of Milk Water Total
mixture then find the first & second liquid First Jar 3 2 5
quantity & add the replaced liquid Second Jar 4 3 7

Milk Water Total Now multiply first ratio with total of second &
2units 1unit 3units = 12 vice versa to make the quantity same. And
after that multiply first ratio with 2 & second
1unit = 4 ratio with 3 as we want to mix first jar &
second jar in 2:3 ratio
Milk = 8 Water = 4
Milk Water Total
These are the quantities of milk & water after First 3*7*2=42 2*7*2=28 5*7*2=70
4liters of mixture is removed so now just Second 4*5*3=60 3*5*3=45 7*5*3=105
replacement part is remaining so adding 4
liters of water to the mixture we get. As quantity of First & second jar is in the ratio
2:3 just add milk to milk & water to water
Milk = 8 Water = 8
Milk = 42+60 = 102 Water = 28+45 = 73
Milk: Water = 8:8 = 1:1
Milk: Water 102:73
Initial Quantity of mixture is not-known: -
Q8. There are three containers of equal
Q6. There are two jars consisting of milk & quantity, full of mixtures of milk and water
water in the ratio of 2:3 & 3:5 respectively in the ratios 1:2, 2:1 and 2:3 respectively.
if the content of this two jars are equally When the contents of all these three
mixed in the third jar then find ratio of containers are poured into a fourth
milk & water in the resultant solution. container, the ratio of milk and water in the
fourth container is
In these types of questions, make the total
quantity of first jar & second jar same by Milk Water Total
multiplying total of first to second & vice- First Jar 1 2 3
versa. Second Jar 2 1 3
Milk Water Total Third Jar 2 3 5
First Jar 2 3 5
Second Jar 3 5 8 Now to make the quantity equal multiply first
ratio with product of total of second & third
Now multiply first ratio with total of second & similarly multiply second ratio with product of
vice versa to make the quantity same. total of first & third and so on.

Milk Water Total Milk Water Total

First Jar 2*8 = 16 3*8 = 24 5*8 = 40 First Jar 1*15 = 15 2*15= 30 3*15=45
Second Jar 3*5 = 15 5*5 = 25 8*5 = 40 Second Jar 2*15 = 30 1*15= 15 3*15=45
Third Jar 2*9 = 18 3*9= 27 5*9=45
Now as the quantity of First jar & second jar is
same just add milk to milk & water to water As quantity of First & second jar is same just
add milk to milk & water to water
Milk = 16+15 = 31 Water = 24+25 = 49
Milk = 15+30+18 = 63 Water=30+15+27= 72
Milk: Water 31:49 Milk: Water 63:72 = 7:8
Q9. A jar contains milk and water in the
ratio of 5:6 if 20 liters of water is added the
ratio becomes 1:2 find the initial quantity of
milk and water in the mixture
To solve these types of questions we can use
the same method as we have seen in the topic
of ratio proportion Q41.
First Second Change
4 units = 20
1 unit = 5
Milk = 5units = 25 liters
Water = 6units = 30 liters
Q10. An alloy contains Zinc and copper in
the ratio of 2:3 if 10kgs of Zinc is added and
25kgs of copper is added the ratio will
become 3:5 find the initial values of Zinc
and copper
First Second Change
1 units = 25
Zinc = 2units = 50 kg
Copper = 3units = 75 kg
Pure liquid is removed & replaced with
water “n” times: -
In these types of question a cask/jar
contains a pure liquid of quantity “T” from
which “r” liters is removed & replaced with
water & this process is repeated for “n”
times then the remaining pure liquid can be
found using the following equation
Where,
T = total quantity of pure liquid
R = removed quantity in one attempt
n = total no. of removal attempts
Q11. A 100 litres of cask initially contains
pure Milk. The milk is diluted by removing
10 litres of Milk & replacing the same
quantity with water. If this process is done
two more times then find the quantity of
Milk in the cask.
In this question
T = 100 R = 10 n=3
Q12. Sura, a strongly distilled alcoholic
drink was used in ancient India as an
anaesthetic by surgeons. A 15 litres of cask
initially contains pure Sura. The Sura is
diluted by removing 5 litres of Sura &
replacing the same quantity with water. If
this process is done twice then find the ratio
of Sura & Water in the cask.
In this question
T = 15 R=5 n=2
Water in the mixture =
Ratio of Milk: Water =
Q13. A container contains 40 litres of milk.
From this container 4 litres of milk was
taken out and replaced by water. This
process was repeated further two times.
How much milk is now contained by the
container?
In this question
T = 40 R=4 n=3
Alligation Questions: - Q17. A 600 ml jar contains 80% milk & rest
water, how much water should be added to
Q14. In what ratio must rice costing 25 jar so that the resultant mixture have 40%
rupees per kg be mixed with rice costing 40 water?
rupees per kg so that the mixture is worth
35 rupees per kg? We are adding 80% milk with water (0% milk)
& result is 40% water i.e. 60% milk so we can
25 40 apply Alligation as follows
80 0
35
60
5 10
60 20
5:10 = 1:2
60:20 = 3:1
Q15. In what quantity must type1 milk
costing 53 rupees per liters be mixed with 3units = 600ml
18 liters of type2 milk costing 58 rupees per 1unit = 200ml
litre so that the mixture is worth 56 rupees
per litre? Q18. There are two jars consisting of milk
& water in the ratio of 5:2 & 7:6
53 58 respectively in what ratio does the
quantities of these two jar be mixed so that
the resultant solution have milk & water in
56 the ratio 8:5

5/7 7/13
2 3

8/13
12 18

Q16. A 500 ml jar contains 60% milk & rest 7 9

water, how much water should be added to
jar so that the resultant mixture have 20%
milk?
We are adding 60% milk with water (0% milk)
& result is 20% milk so we can apply
Alligation as follows
60 0 legs in the zoo is 580 find the number of
20
(To convert fractional Alligation to numeric
Alligation multiply all three values with
common multiple of 13 & 7 i.e.91)
Q19. In a zoo there are some rabbits &
pigeons the total number of heads of the
animals in the zoo is 200 & total number of
rabbits in the zoo.
Let us assume if all animal are rabbit then total
legs= 800 & if all animals are pigeon then total
legs = 400 so we will apply Alligation like this

20 40 800 400
20:40 = 1:2

1unit = 500ml 580

2units = 1000ml

90 110
 Averages
Q5. Find the average of first 9 multiples of 7
Subtopics to be covered: -
First 9 multiples of 7 are 7, 14, 21, ….63
 Average of series in Arithmetic
Progression ( )=35
 Weighted/Combined Average
 Inclusion/Exclusion Q6. Find the average of all multiples of 7
 Finding common value in the group from 1-100?
 Replacement based question
First multiple is obviously 7 but to find the last
 Miscellaneous Questions multiple of 7 till 100, we have to divide 100 by
7 and take remainder
Average of series in Arithmetic
Progression: - 100/7=Remainder 2

Any series is said to be in arithmetic Last multiple of 7 till 100 is 100−2=98

progression if the difference between any two
consecutive terms is same
( )=52.5
For e.g.
-4, 8, 12, 16……….
-3, 9, 15, 21……….etc. Q7. If the average of first 6 multiples of a
number is 28 then find the number?
To find the average of any series in AP just
add first and last term of series and divide it Let us say the number is X so first 6 multiples
by 2. of X would be X, 2X, 3X,….6X

Q1. Find the average of 1, 2, 3, …….50? Now we know average would be ( )=28

( )=25.5 7x=56 X=8

Q2. Find the average of all even numbers Q8. If the average of five consecutive
from 1-100 natural numbers is 37, find the highest
number amongst them?
Even numbers from 1-100 are 2,4,6…..100
In these types of questions make 5 slots for 5
( )=51 numbers & put the average value on middle
slot
Q3. Find the average of all odd numbers 35 36 37 38 39
from 1-100

Odd numbers from 1-100 are 1,3,5…..99 Q9. If the average of six consecutive natural
numbers is 23.5, find the first number?
( )=50
23.5
21 22 23 24 25 26
Q4. Find the average of first 6 multiples of
8?
Q10. If the average of four consecutive even
First 6 multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, ….48 numbers is 25, find the last number?
25
22 24 26 28
( )=28
Weighted/Combined Average: -

If the average of n1 objects is A1 & the average

of n2 objects is A2 then the combined average Conceptual Method: -
of both groups is

Q14. In a month of 30 days starting with

Method 2: - (Formula for conceptual method) Sunday, the average number of visitors in a
library on a normal day is 240 while on
Sunday it is 510 find the average number of
visitors in a library for the whole month

Q11. The average of 20 numbers is 30 & As the month starts with Sunday & has 30
another 30 numbers is 20.Find the average days we can say that it will have 5 Sundays &
of all 50 numbers 25 normal days

Conceptual Method: - Conceptual Method: -

Let‟s say the average of all 50 numbers is 20

but there are 20 numbers whose average is 10
more than 20 so we will divide this extra
20*10 by 50 & add it to 20.
Q15. If the average mark of three batches of
55, 60 & 45 students is 50, 55 & 60
respectively then find the average of all
students

Q12. The average score of 9 students of As this question consists of 3 groups we can
class A is 68 while the average score of 8 extend the original formula as
students of class B is 51, find the average
score of both the class combined together

Conceptual formula: -

Conceptual Method: -

Let‟s say the average of all 17 numbers is 51

but there are 9 numbers whose average is 17
more than 51 so we will divide this extra 9*17
by 17 & add it to 51.
Conceptual Method: -

Let‟s say the average of all numbers is 50 but

Q13. The average weight of 32 boys of class
X is 60kg while the average weight of 40
boys of class Y is 33kg, find the average
weight of both the class combined together
there are 60 numbers whose average is 5 more
than 50 & 45 numbers whose average is 10
more than 50
Inclusion/Exclusion: -
Q16. The average age of 11 players in the
team is 25 years; if the age of coach is
included the average becomes 27 years find
the age of coach?
Q19. A class of 12 students have the average
score of 55 marks if topper leaves the class,
the average of the class becomes 52 find the
marks of the topper
52 55

27 25

+ 88 x
+ 49 x
-1 ÷ 12

1 ÷ 11 Q20. The average score of 9 players in the

Q17. The batting average of Rahul for 17
innings was 50 runs how much he should
score in his next innings so that his average
becomes 56?
team is 20 runs, if the score of Virat and
Rohit is also added, the average score of
team becomes 30 runs find the score of
Virat, if Rohit scored 50 runs in that
match?

56 50 30 20

+ 158 x + 75 x

1 ÷ 17 2 ÷ 9

Q18. A group of 6 members has an average

As we know that if result of square is for 2 or
weight of 65 kg’s. If 1 new member joins the
more than 2 objects then it is their average
group the average weight will become 62
kg’s. Find the weight of new member.

62 65 Virat + Rohit = 150

Now as per the question Rohit = 50

Virat+50 = 150
+ 44 x
Virat = 100

So the score of Virat for this match = 100

1 ÷ 6
Finding Common value in group: -
Q21. The average of 11 numbers is 63, if the
average of first 6 numbers is 60 and last 6
numbers is 65 then finds the 6th number?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
The average of first 6 numbers is 3 less than
original average 63 so (-3*6)
The average of last 6 numbers is 2 more than
original average 63 so (2*6)
So the value of 6th number = 57
Q22. The average temperatures of 1 week is
39, if the average temperature of first 4
days is 42 and last 4 days is 38 then find the
temperature on 4th day?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
The average of first 4 numbers is 3 more than
original average 39 so (3*4)
The average of last 4 numbers is 1 less than
original average 39 so (-1*4)
So the temperature on 4th day = 47
Q23. The averages of 10 numbers is 15, if
the average of first 7 numbers is 18 and last
4 numbers is 12 then find the 7th number?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The average of first 7 numbers is 3 more than
original average 15 so (3*7)
The average of last 4 numbers is 3 less than
original average 15 so (-3*4)
So the 7th number = 24
Replacement based question: -
Q24. The average weight of group of 10
people is 63 kg if a new person whose
weight is 77kg replaces a person in a group
whose weight is 57kg then find the new
average weight of group?
New average = Old average+
New average =63+
Q25. The average age of group of 14 people
is 27 years if a new person whose age is 16
years replaces a person in a group whose
age is 30 years then find the new average
age of group?
New average = Old average+
New average =27 + = 26
Q26. The average score of group of 9
students is 60 marks later it was realized
that a student whose actual score is 36 has
been taken as 63 by mistake find the actual
average score of group?
New average = Old average+
New average =60 + = 57
Q27. The average score of group of 10
students is 55 marks later it was realized
that two students whose actual scores are 50
and 65 has been taken as 60 and 40 by
mistake find the actual average score of
group?
New average = Old average+
New average =55 + = 56.5
Miscellaneous questions: -

Q28. 7 friends went to a hotel for meal. 6 of

them spend 60 rupees each while 7th person A+B+C=252_____________(1)
spends 120 more than average bill. Find the
average bill and also find the total bill
amount

A+B+C+D=320________(2)

D=68

360+x+120=7x E=71
6x=480
X=80

So avg. bill = 80
Total Bill = 360+x+120 = 560 B+C+D+E=316________(3)
Q29. Find the arithmetic mean of 330, 360 & 390 By subtracting 3 from 2
A−E=4

By putting E=71

Q30. The average temperature on Monday, A−71=4 hence A=75

Tuesday, Wednesday is 320 while on
Tuesday, Wednesday & Thursday it is
300, if the temperature on Thursday is 260
then find the temperature on Monday?
Q32. Of three numbers first is twice the
second and second is twice the third if the
average of these 3 numbers is 21 then find
the smallest number amongst them

Let‟s say the third number is X so second=2X

M + T + W=96_______(1) & first=4X

Similarly

T+ W+ Tℎ=90______(2) so 7x=63 ℎence x=9

By Subtracting 1 from 2 we get
Q33. Average of marks obtained by 120
candidates in a certain examination is 35. If
M−Tℎ=6
the average marks of passed candidates are
39 and that of the failed candidates is 15,
Putting Th=26
what is number of candidates who passed
the examination?
M−26=6 hence M=32
39 15
Q31. The average weight of A, B & C is 84
kg when D joins them then there average
weight becomes 80 kg, if E whose weight is 3 35
kgs more than D, replace A then the
average weight of B, C, D & E becomes 79
kg find the weight of A. 20 4 24=120

1=5
100 20
Q34. The average of the first and the second
of three numbers is 10 more than the
average of the second and the third of these
numbers. What is the difference between
the first and third of these three numbers?
x + y = y + z + 20
x z = 20
Q35. A cricketer has a certain average for 9
innings. He scored 100 runs in his 10th
innings and this increased his average by 8
runs. What was the average of his runs at
the end of 10th innings?
9x+100 = 8x+80
X = 20
Average after 10 innings = x+8 = 20+8 = 28
Q36. The average age of x and y is 20 years.
If z were to replace x, the average would be
19 and if z were to replace y, the average
would be 21. Find the ages of x, y and z
20 x+y = 40
19 z+y = 38
21 x+z = 42
Adding all 3 equations we get
2x+2y+2z = 120
x+ y+ z = 60
x = 22 y = 18 z = 20
Q37. The average age of 10 men is increased
by 2 years when one of them of 25 years
age, is replaced by new man. What is the
age of new man?
new= replaced+ number of obj. *increment in average
new value = 25+10*2 = 45
Q38. A batsman has an average of 30 runs
in his 42 inning. The difference between his
maximum and minimum score is 100. If
these two innings are removed his average
for 40 innings comes down to 28. What is
his minimum score?
Let us assume his maximum & minimum
score is x & y respectively
_______(1)
x+ y = (30*42) (28*40) = 140______(2)
Adding 1 & 2 we get
X = 120 & Y = 20 so his minimum score = 20
Q39. There were 35 students in a hostel. If
the number of students increases by 7, the
expenses of the mess increase by Rs. 42 per
day while the average expenditure per head
decreases by Rs. 1. Find the original
expenditure of the mess
Let us say the average expenditure/student =x
Original expenditure for 35 candidates = 35x
Now as 7 students joins average reduces by 1
for 42 students but original expenditure
increased by 42
X = 12
Original Expenditure = 35x = 35*12 = 420
Q40. If the mean of 6, 8, 12, 16, t, 22, 26 is t,
what is the value of t?
90+t = 7t
6t=90
T = 15