Strap or Cantilever Footing

Given the ffg. Column properties and loads;

Column 1 Column 2

400 mm x 400 mm 450 mm x 450mm

4 – 25 mm bars 6 – 25 mm bars

DL = 480 KN DL = 640 KN

LL = 350 KN LL = 510 KN

The edge of column 1 is at the property line and the footing is 2.2 m below the ground
23.5𝑘𝑁 15.4𝑘𝑁
surface. The spacing of columns is 6.5 m o.c . qa = 200 kPa , 𝛾𝑐 = , 𝛾𝑠 = ,
𝑚3 𝑚3

f`c = 27.5 MPa. Use 25 mm bars for footing and 28 mm bars for strap, with fy = 345 MPa. Use 16
mm temperature bars with fy = 275 MPa.

Solution;
 6.5m

in the previous problems, we start the design by assuming a value of d. Another procedure is to
assume a value of effective soil bearing capacity qe.

qe must not exceed , qa - 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠 = 200 – 15.4(2) = 169.2kPa

Assume qe = 160 kPa

P1 = 480 + 350 = 830 kN

P2 = 640 + 510 = 1150 kN

P = P1 + P2 = 1980 kN

Atotal = P/qe = 1980/160 = 12.375m²

A1 + A2 = 12.375 m²

For the soil pressure to be uniform , the centroid of A1 and A2 must coincide with the resultant
of P1 and P2.

P Xg = P1 X1 + P2 X2

1980 Xg = 830(0.2) + 1150(6.7); Xg = 3.975 m

We start this by assuming a value L1 until a desirable ratio L1/B1 is obtained ( usually from 0.75
to 1)

Try L1 = 2.2 m

A Xg = A1(L1/2) + A2(6.7)

12.375(3.975) = A1 (1.1) + 6.7A2

A1 = 44.72 – 6.091A2 ---eq. 2

Substitute A1 in eq. 2 to eq. 1;

44.72 – 6.091A2 + A2 = 12.375

A2 = 6.353 m²

A1 = 44.72 – 6.091(6.353) = 6.024m²

[A1 = L1 x B1] 6.024 = 2.2 x B1; B1 = 2.74m say 2.80m

L1/B1 = 0.8 (this appears to be reasonable)

Try 2.2 x 2.8 m footing dimensions for A1

[A2 = L2 x B2] using square footing , L2 = B2

6.353 = L2²; L2 = B2 = 2.5205 say 2.60m

Try 2.6 x 2.6 m footing dimensions for A2

Design of footing depth effective

Pu1 = 1.2(480) + 1.6(350) = 1136 kN

Pu2 = 1.2(640) + 1.6(510) = 1584 kN

Pu = 1136 + 1584 = 2720 kN

Aftg = A1 + A2

A1 = 2.2(2.8) = 6.16 m ² ; A2 = 2.6² = 6.76m²

Aftng = 6.16 + 6.76 = 12.92m²

qu = Pu/Aftg = 2720/12.92 = 210.53 kPa

Footing 1;

Solve for d from wide-beam shear;

Assume width of strap = 550 mm (larger than both columns)

qu = 0.21053 MPa

Vu = qu x Ashaded

Vu = 463.166(1125 – d)

1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓`𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
6
1
𝑉𝑐 = √27.5 (2200)𝑑 = 1923𝑑
6
Ø𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑢

1125-d
1.125m m
m

2.8 m

463.166(1125 – d) = 0.75 x 1923 d

d = 273.46 mm say 274 mm

Check for actual qe:

hc = 274 + 0.5(25) + 75 = 361.5 say 375 mm

hs = 2.2 – 0.375 = 1.825 m

qe = qa - 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠 = 200 − 23.5(0.375) − 15.4(1.825)

qe = 163.0825 kPa > 160 (ok)

(This means that the qe used in the design in lesser than the actual value,

before we proceed with the design of bars, let us first solve the depth required for footing 2 so
that we can check for qe .)

since footing 2 is square, punching shear will surely govern.

Vu = Pu2 – qu x Ashaded

Vu = 1584 x 10³ - 0.21053 (450 +d)²

1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓`𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
1
𝑉𝑐 = √27.5 [4(450 + 𝑑 )](𝑑)
3
Vc = 6.992(450d + d ²)

Vu = ØVc

1584 x 10³ - 0.21053 (450 + d)² = 0.75 x 6.992(450d + d²)

1584 x 10³ + 42632.325 – 200d – 0.21053d² = 2359.8d + 5.244d²

5.455d² + 2559.8d – 1626632.325 = 0

−2559.8 ± √(2559.8)2 − 4(5.455)(−1626632.325)

𝑑=
2(5.455)

d = 346.999 mm say 347 mm

check for qe ;

hc = 347 + 0.5(25) +75 = 434.5 say 450 mm

hs = 2.2 – 0.45 = 1.75 m

qe = qa -𝛾𝑐 ℎ𝑐 − 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠 = 200 − 23.5(0.45) − 15.4(1.75)

qe = 162.475 kPa > 160 kPa (ok)

Moment:

1.075

2.8 2.6

1.125 1.025

2.6

Footing 1 (transverse section);

Mu = 210.53 (2.2)(1.125²/2) = 293.10 kN – m

b = 2200 mm, d = 375 - 0.5(25) – 75 = 287.5 mm

footing 2 (transverse section);

Mu = 210.53 (2.6)(1.025²/2) = 287.54 kN – m

b = 2600 mm ; d = 450 - 0.5(25) - 75 = 361.50 mm

footing 2 (longitudinal section);

Mu = 210.53 (2.6)(1.075²/2) = 316.28 kN – m

b = 2600 mm ; d = 361.5 -25 = 336.5 mm (longitudinal above transverse)

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00406
𝑓𝑦 345

0.85(27.5)(0.85)(600)
𝜌 max = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75 = 0.0274
345(345 + 600)
 𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = (25)2 = 491 𝑚𝑚²
4

Section Footing1 Footing2 Footing2

Transverse Transverse Longitudinal

Moment, Mu 293.10 287.54 316.28

𝑀𝑢 1.79 0.94 1.19

𝑅𝑢 =
𝜃𝑏𝑑 2

0.00540 0.00278 0.00354

0.85𝑓`𝑐 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓`𝑐

Use 𝜌 𝑏𝑑 0.00540 0.00406 0.00406

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 3415.5 3816 3552.1

𝐴𝑠 6.96 7.77 7.23
Number of bars 𝑁 = 𝐴𝑏

Use N = 7 8 8

Location Bottom Bottom Bottom

Shrinkage and temperature bars of footing 1; (h = 375 mm)

Using 16 mm bars with fy = 275 MPa

For b = 1000 mm;

Ast = 0.002 bh = 0.002(1000)(375) = 750 mm²

𝜋
(16)2 𝑁 = 750 ; 𝑁 = 3.73 say 4.0
4

Spacing = 1000/3.73 = 268.10 say 250 mm o.c

Design of Strap;

1.3m

2.6m

@ section A-A:

Mu = Ru1(1.1) – Pu1(2) = 210.53 (2.2)(2.8)(1.1) – 1136 (2)

Mu = -845.45 kN – m

Vu = Ru1 – Pu1 = 210.53 (2.2)(2.8) – 1136 = 160.86 kN

Depth of beam based on beam shear:

1
𝑉𝑢 = Ø𝑉𝑐 = Ø √𝑓`𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑤 = 550𝑚𝑚
6
1
160.86 𝑥 10³ = 0.75 √27.5 (550)𝑑
6
d = 446.18 mm say 447mm
Depth of beam based on moment:
0.85(27.5)(0.85)(600)
Use 𝜌 = 0.6𝜌𝑏 = 0.6 = 0.0219
345(345+600)

𝑓𝑦 0.0219(345)
𝜔= 𝜌 = = 0.275
𝑓`𝑐 275

𝑀𝑢 = Ø𝑓`𝑐 𝜔 𝑏 𝑑 2 ( 1 − 0.59𝜔)

845.45 𝑥 106 = 0.9(27.5)(0.275)(550)𝑑 2 (1 − 0.59 𝑥 0.275)

d = 519.22 mm say 520mm

D = 520 + 50 + 10 + 0.5(28) = 594 say 600mm

dprov = 600 – 50 – 10 – 0.5(28) = 526mm

Try 550mm x 600mm dimensions of strap beam

𝑀𝑢 845.45 𝑥 106
𝑅𝑢 = = = 6.17𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜃𝑏𝑑 2 0.9(550)(526)²

0.85(27.5) 2(6.17)
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ] = 0.02120
345 0.85(27.5)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 𝑏 𝑑 = 0.02120(550)(526) = 6133.16 𝑚𝑚2

6133.16
𝑁= 𝜋 = 9.96 𝑠𝑎𝑦 10 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(28)²
4
WORKING DRAWING:

(provide at least 1/3 of At)

10-28mm
dia.

7-25mm 16mm dia.@250mm oc.

dia.