Ans.
:-The Bishop saved the convict when the sergeant brought the convict for the
charge of stealing the candlesticks. But the Bishop said that the convict was his
friend and had given those candlesticks to him as a gift.
Q4.Do you think the punishment given to the convict is justified?
Ans.:-No, the punishment was not at all justified. Such type of punishment must be
given to a murderer. He had just stolen the food for his ill wife. For such crime he
should have been fined or imprisoned for a brief.
Q5.Why did the convict call the prison as hell?
Ans.:-The convict call the prison as ‘hell’ because it is like it (hell) he has been
beaten mercilessly and chained up like a wild animal. He is made to eat filth. He
is covered with vermin. His soul has been taken and has been given a number
(15729).
Q6.Why does the convict steal the Bishop’s candlesticks?
Ans.:-Even though the convict has been so much hospitability, the convict’s
stealing instinct gets on him. When he looks at the candlesticks he feels that by
stealing them he would start a new life. So he steals them to start his journey of
life.
Q7.Why does Persome feel the people pretend to be sick?
Ans.:-Persome is really portrayed as a cruel and hard-hearted woman. She feels
that people pretend to be sick so that the Bishop may be near them and help them.
Q8. Draw the character sketch of Persome.
Ans.:-Persome is totally opposite from her brother, in human values. She is a
narrow thinking lady. She shows her cruelty towards all the people. To her view
all the people are cheater. She do not have the real patience for those human
being who needs help from the Bishop.
Q9. Write the character sketch of Bishop?
Ans.:-The Bishop is the symbol of a true human being, humanism and
Christianity. He has all the good qualities. He has a sympathetic feeling for the
convict, after he hears his story of life. Due to his sympathetic quality he offers his
salt cellars for Mere Gringoire. The Bishop has a sacrificing nature and doesn’t
hesitate to sell all his things to help the suffering of others.
english
Poetry26Section
SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER’S DAY
Quartrain 1:- The poem begins by addressing the beloved whom the entire poem
relates. The beloved is compared to a summer’s day. Here he is saying that love
and summer both are fleeting and can easily be shaken by rough winds that came
their way.
Quartrain 2:- This section says that sometimes summer are too hot and can
decrease the beauty of nature in the course of time.
Quartrain 3:-Here in this section, the beauty of the beloved is shown. It shall
never fade like the real summer does. According to the speaker the beloved shall
always be beautiful and lovely.
Couplet: - The two ending lines of a sonnet are the most important part. Here the
poet says that as long as there are readers, breathing and seeing , the beloved
shall always live. The sonnet shall always live and it will keep the beloved alive.
In the rest of the poem, he has talked about the duration of a summer’s
day. Then he has contrasted that with how his love will be immortal. He has said
that he will never die because he has written this poem about him which he
written just before the couplet. He completes the thought by saying that as long as
people exist, this poem will exist and he will live in the poem.
Themes of the poem,
1) Imperfection of nature: - This theme of imperfection of nature is
presented in the first two quartrain. The poet presents the agreement
that summer has all too short and in addition to the fleeting nature of
this season and it often too hot. Of course the season are not remain as
same and are changing accordingly.
2) Art is immortal:- The third quartrain and the couplet of this poem
express that “Art is immortal”. The poet will provide the lover by
putting his words of love into this poem. The perfect metaphor “Eternal
Summer shall not fade” is an example of the beauty of his beloved. That
is at least as long as mortal man lives and read this verse; his friend’s
beauty will last. The concluding heroic couplet summarizes the poet
thoughts of Art is immortal.
Q1. What is being compared to a summer’s day? And by whom?
Ans.: The poet’s friend is being compared to a summer’s day. But there is a
doubt about the identity of his friend.1He may be William Herbert or Henry
Wriothesley or Third Earl of Southampton or William Himself.
Q2. Why is the friend more lovely and temperate than the summer’s day?
Ans: The summer’s day , which is in the summer season, is very short lived.
Sometimes the summer’s storms withered up the beautiful buds that bloom in
summer. The sun which is sometime too hot is often overcast with the dark
clouds. But the friend’s beauty is eternal and constant. So it is more fascinating
than the summer’s season.
THREE YEARS SHE GREW IN SUN AND SHOWER
First paragraph (explanation)
The poet personified nature as mother of Lucy. She, as being a mother,
said that Lucy was the most beautiful creature of all. She also added that she
would like to take care Lucy and teach her so that to become a lady.
 Second paragraph (explanation)
Here, mother- nature said that she will guide and gift inspiring force to
Lucy. She said that she will carry her everywhere-hill or mountain, forest or
plain in order to teach her and make her understand the world around her.
Mother-nature further added if she will face all her surrounding and have an
experience than she will gain an “Overseeing power”.
Third paragraph (explanation)
According to mother-nature, Lucy will be a lady who is very much happy
at all. She will enjoy the world like a young deer, playing and running
everywhere. Though she is sportive she will also possess the quality of silence.
Not only this, she must be a symbol of calmness. This means that Lucy will
possess all the characters of a lady.
Seventh paragraph (explanation)
In the last paragraph mother-nature said that she has completed her
work of nourishing and education Lucy by providing all joys and pleasures. But
there is a twist at the end. Lucy who is now become the most suitable lady of
mother-nature alone in disgrace and in her memory. Though she has thought
that they will be happy living together in that small valley.
Q1. Who is LUCY?
Ans.:-Lucy is an anonymous (unknown) lady portrayed by William Wordsworth.
Wordsworth has written a group of poems based on her Q5. How did Madame
Loisel find her husband when she came out of the balls?
2
Ans: Mathilde came out of the ball at 4 o’clock. She enjoyed the whole night
dancing with all the attaches. When she came out she found her husband
sleeping in a deserted anteroom with two other gentlemen whose wives were
enjoying the ball.
Q6. Did Madame Loisel feel comfort and happy when her husband covered her
with a wraps?
Ans: Madame loisel was not at all happy. It was because she had been wearing
a beautiful gown worth many. And the wrap was an ordinary one. She did not
wish to be covered by such ordinary wrap contrasted with the elegance of the
ball dress.
Q7. What did Mathilde suddenly discover after she returned home?
Ans: After returning from the ball, Mathilde wanted to look herself once more
in the mirror before changing her dress. Then she saw that the necklace was
missing. It had fallen off.
Q8. What are irony in the story “ The Diamond Necklace”?
Ans: 1)Madame Loisel gave up 10 years of her life just to tell a lie that she lost
her necklace.
2)The necklace was fake, it is irony because Madame Loisel had never expected to
borrow a fake necklace
3)The necklace was supposed to make Madame Loisel risk but it actually made
her poorer than before.
THE BISHOP’S CANDLESTICKS
Q1.What message does the play “THE BISHOP’S CANDLESTICKS” give?
Ans.:-The poet gives a very strong message of love, pity, peace and mercy. The
convict stands for cruelty, hard-heartedness and beastliness. He is a wild beast.
Actually the jail authorities are responsible for making him criminal. But by love
and sympathy of the Bishop turns him into a true Christian and a real human
being. Thus the play gives out a message that love, mercy or pity are that real
things.
Q2.How does the Bishop being a change in the heart of the convict?
Ans.:-The Bishop treats the convict kindly. He offers him food and allows him to
sleep in his house. He also saves him from being sent to prison when the sergeant
brings him by telling a lie. Thus the heart of the convict is changed.
Q3.How did the Bishop save the convict from being sent to prison?
Ans: The polite conductor creates an enjoyable atmosphere in the bus. All the
passengers boarding in the bus are 25 happy and cheerful. He creates an
atmosphere of good temper and kindliness to all the passengers. Thus it is a
lesson in courtesy and good manners.
Q9 What must be the appropriate punishment who was thrown away by the
liftman?
Ans: Instead of throwing the passengers from the lift, the liftman must respond
by using polite words. If he does so he may not repeat the action again. The
passenger will realize that the action which he has committed is wrong.
Q10. What are the gain and the loss of a polite person?
Ans: The polite person will lose the materialistic side of his life while having a
polite nature. But he will gain the spiritual values of his life. He will be counted
as a successful person among the human race.
THE DIAMOND NECKLACE
Q1. What type of lady is Mathilde?
Ans: Mathilde is a very pretty and charming young creature who is born into a
middle class family. She wants to enjoy all the delicacies and all the luxuries.
But she is distressed at her dwelling, barrenness of the wall, decorating and
furniture.
Q2. Why did M. Loisel grow pale when Madame Loisel mention that she would
to get the gown for 400 francs?
Ans: M. Loisel have a dream to attain a shooting next summer on the plain of
Nanterre with several friends. For this he need to buy a gun. So, he had been
keeping the mentioned that she will manage it with that much amount, he grew
pale.
Q3. Why did Madame Loisel choose the diamond necklace leaving all the
jewelleries?
Ans: Madame Loisel was a luxurious lady. She wanted to hide her state of
poverty. If she worn the diamond necklace she would be considered as a rich
lady. So, she chose the diamond necklace particularly.
Q4. How did people react to Madame Loisel at the ball?
Ans: Madame Loisel had a great success at the ball. She was prettier than any
other women present there. All the men were greatly impressed by her beauty,
grace and personality. All those present there, kept looking at her and they
asked at her, her name. all the attaches of the cabinet wanted to dance with her.
in each poem he describes his love and sympathy for Lucy. But till now nobody
has discovered who Lucy is.
THE CHARGE OF THE 24 LIGHT BRIGADE
About the poet: Alfred Tennyson was born on six August, 1809 in Lincolnshire
England. He was a Poet laureate of Great Britain and Ireland. Some of his
works are ‘Ulysses’, ‘Tithonus’, ‘In Memorium ‘, etc. He died on six October,
1892.
Background of the poem
The charge of the light brigade was a charge of British light cavalry led by
Lord Cardigan against the Russian forces on 25th October, 1854 in the Crimean
War. Lord Ragland over all commander of the British forces had intended to
send the light Brigade to pursue and harry a retreating Russian artillery
battery, a task well shot to light cavalry. Due to miscommunication in the chain
of commander, the light Brigade was instead sent on a frontal assault.
There were six hundred sixty eight soldiers in the Brigades. They were not
completely destroyed but did suffered terribly, with one hundred eighteen men
killed, one hundred twenty seven wounded and about sixty taken prisoner. After
regrouping only one hundred and ninety five men were still with horses.
According to Sir Charles Tennyson, Tennyson’s grandson, Tennyson wrote
the poem only a few minutes after reading an account of the battle in ‘The
Times’. It was published six weeks after the event on nine December, 1848 in
‘The Examiner’.
Explanation of 1st paragraph
Tennyson slowly introducing the six hundred cavalry who will reach the
battle of Balaclava just after half a league. He shows an unknown person who is
ordering to charge for the guns. The Brigade has been ordered into the valley
and they are riding in even though they know that guns and death are waiting
for them.
Explanation of 2nd paragraph
In the second stanza the ordered is repeated to go forward. The speaker is
asking if there were any frightened soldiers. And says that they were very loyal
to feel frightened. They know that it is not good idea but they go towards the
battle without asking any question.
Explanation of 3RD paragraph
Here, in this stanza, it shows that the soldiers are surrounded by enemy with
cannons. They are surrounded by the sound of gunfire. But the Brigade boldly
goes towards the valley. This shows us how heroic these men were.
Explanation of 4TH paragraph
3
Comparing with the Russian Army’s weapons the Brigade’s weapons were
very poor. These guys were not carrying machine guns. They were riding
through bullets on horses carrying swords. They have some luck. They reached
the guns and stabbed the men who were operating them. The work is amazed by
their act. But at last it had a mourning scene as some of them had killed by the
Russian.
Explanation of 5TH paragraph
The opening five lines are almost similar with the third paragraph. But this is
the returning trip and is deadly and terrifying. Here we get an image of horses
and soldiers falling under the rain of gunfire. This stanza ends with the
remnants of the light Brigade move back across the field.
Explanation of 6TH paragraph
The poet’s aim is to make the courage of these British soldiers immortal. So, he
ends the poem by giving commands to us. He said to honour the light Brigade
and their attacks. He tells us to respect and remember them.
Line 13, 14 and 15 (explanation)
These three lines are the most famous lines of this poem. The poet uses these
lines to sum up all the honest, humble, courage of them. They are just doing
their duty. In their duty they are just doing their duty. In their duty they are not
permitted to talk back to the commander. So they have to do and die.
Q1. How did the soldiers of the Light Brigades react when they were asked to
attack the Russian cavalry?
Ans: The soldiers of the Light Brigade when forward and attack the Russian
cavalry when the command was received. They did not question or complain
against the order because they were dutiful soldiers even in the face of death.
Q2. What were the types of weapons used by the Russian Army?
Ans: The types of weapons used by the Russian Army were a number of big guns
and cannons.
Q3. Why was the attack of the Light brigades called wild?
Ans: The Light Brigades attacked the enemy in accordance with a thoughtless
command from the commander. Without any doubt they will learn the civilities
automatically from them as he becomes an odd one.
Q4. What are the curious pleasures that the 4 writer faced when he was travelling
in the bus of the polite bus conductor?
Ans.:-In the eyes of the people, bus conductor are a kind of specimen who regards
the passenger as their natural enemy. But by the behavior of that good-mannered
bus conductor A.G. Gardiner has curious pleasures on him.
1) He is a man who never exhausted in making his passengers comfortable.
2) In rainy days he is quite busy in searching for a vacant seat.
3) If he had a blind passenger, he not only set him down safely but also helps
him to reach a safer place.
4) He is a careful son for an old man and an interesting father for young
people.
Q5.”’Please’ and ‘Thank you’ is the small change with which we pay our way
as social beings.” Why does the writer say so?
Ans.:-We the people of today’s generation are living in a world where each one
of us thinking himself as superior. By this thinking the sense of hatredness is
increasing day by day. But though we are superior or inferior, if we will use the
two precious spell whenever necessary, our world will become an undestroyable
heaven.
When we say “Come here”, it carries a meaning of order or force. But
with “Please” it turns into request. Like this when we receive any service from
our surrounding, if we say “Thank you” the person will feel that his work as
well as he himself has been recognized by us. If these habits continue then our
society will move smoothly.
Q6. If we get liberty to box for unwanted actions what will happen?
Ans: If we get liberty to box other people’s ear for not liking their behaviors, the
tone of their voices or the scowl on their faces. Our fists will never be idle and
the gutters of the city will run with blood all days.
Q7. What mixed feelings will a passenger have when he is found without any
money travelling in a bus?
Ans: The mixed feeling that a passenger will have is that he will think that he
seems to be a fool at the best and liked a knave at the worst, when he is found
without money in a bus.
Q8. How does the author feel that a journey with the polite conductor was
lesson in natural courtesy and good manners?
Ans: When the peasants had the third glass, they all become quite like brutes,
muttering, shouting, not knowing why and23 not listening to one another.
Q8. What they all looked like after having the drinks?
Ans: They all looked like a cunning foxes after having the first glass of wine, a
savage wolves after the second glass and they behave like a swine after the third
glass.
Q9. What happen when the party broke up?
Ans: When the party broked up some of the peasants went alone, some in twos
some in threes staggering down the street. The host went out to speed his guests
but fell into a puddle, smearing from top to toe, and laid grunting like a pig.
Q10 What was the Imp’s account of making the drink?
Ans: The Imp’s account of making the drink was to make the beast in man’s soul.
He simply said that he had caused the peasant to produce more corns than he
needed. As he had it he wanted to live a pleasurable life. So the fox’s, wolf’s and
swine’ blood inside him came out automatically when he was spirited. Thus, the
Imp said if they went on drinking they would always be beasts.
ON SAYING PLEASE
Q1. How do bad manners poison the stream of the general life?
Ans.:-The causes of the crimes commit around us is because of the bad manners
spreading in our society. As an uncivil person does not know how to behave to
others he does not know how to behave to others he does whatever he likes. Thus
the opponent will not agree of what he receives. So it becomes a crime to him.
Thus bad manners poisoned the stream of the general life.
Q2. According to A.G. Gardiner, what will be the best way to restore the
civilities?
Ans.:-According to A.G. Gardiner punishing an uncivil person with violent attack
will not restore civilities. Instead one must use polite words with love and care. If
a person hopes polite words from others, he should have to behave properly to
others.
Q3. “If bad manners are infectious, so also are good manners” Explain.
Ans.:-When a child become uncivil his parents will say that he involves with an
uncivil gang. Yes, he may learn the behavior from those friends, as it is quite easy
to learn such acts. Like this when an uncivil person is kept along with well-
mannered people, though it may take long time, he
shown their courages and heroism. So, their attack was called a wild attack.
Q4. Why did the world wonder at the Light22 Brigades attack to the enemy?
Ans: The world wondered at the bravery of the soldiers fighting with sabres
against the heavily armed enemies. They were only six hundred against the
numerous enemies. Again, they also wondered why the soldiers followed the
commands of the commander.
SONG OF THE FLOWER
ST
Explanation of 1 paragraph
Here the poet personifies the flower and says herself as the sweet voice of
nature which is fallen from the sky. She further says, she is the daughter of the
Earth conceived by Winter, born in Spring, brought up in Summer and slept in
Autumn.
Explanation of 2nd and 3rd paragraph
 The flower is explaining her works on Earth. She is informing the world that
the morning is approaching along with the sweet blowing breeze. At the evening
time together with the birds she farewells the light.
And said she decorated our Earth with its beautiful colours and sweet aroma.
Explanation of 4th paragraph,
Here, in this paragraph the flower is describing her playful life. She says that
during night the sky is taking care of her, and as the Sun rises she will look at
the Sun. The flower is enjoying with the grass, drinking dew as wine and
listening to the music of birds.
Explanation of the 5th paragraph,
Here, the poet describes the uses of a flower in the first person form. Some of
the uses mention in this poem are-lover’s gift, wedding garland, mark of
memory for a happy moment, a means of tribute to the death. The poet further
says that the flower is useful in both happy and sorrow moments.
Explanation of 6th paragraph,
Describing the beauty of the flower the poet, at the end, gives a memory to us,
the human being. The poet advises us to look up high i.e. to think high, to aim
high, to try for the best, etc. Like the flower who never looks down to see her
shadow, he says to never look downward. Thus the poet is saying that the flower
gives a moral lesson to the human being on the Earth.
Q1. How does the flower the daughter of the element?
Ans: It is believed that the Earth is made of different elements like air, water,
5
heat (fire) and earth. As the flower is grown on this Earth, it is a compose of
these elements. So, she is called as the daughter of the elements.
Q2. What does the flower do in the morning and in the evening?
Ans: In the morning, the flower unites with the gentle breeze to announce the
coming of the light of the day. In the evening, flowers join the sweet song of the
birds to bid farewell to the day.
Q3. In which ways are flowers useful to us?
Ans: Flowers are used as the lovers’ gift, as the wedding wreath. They are used
as the memory of the moment of happiness. Again flowers are also used as the
last gift of the living to the death. Thus, flowers form a part of joy and a part of
sorrow.
Q4. What lesson flowers want men to learn?
Ans: Human being must learn a lesson from flower. Man should look up high
only to see the light but he should not look down to see his image.
PRELUDES (INTRODUCTION)
Central Idea:- The poem shows the lives of the modern people. There is no real
pleasures in big cities like London. The materialistic outlook of modern men has
revolutionized the way of life. The growth of industrial civilization has make
living dull and tiresome. Lives move on in a mechanical way. Despite hard work
people lead pitiable life. Now that, such things are inescapable. The poet advises
us to learn to be happy in the midst of suffering, in spite of his repugnance to
modern life.
Explanation of first stanza (1ST to 13th line):-
The poet observes the end of the winter evening in London and a sense of
monotony and drabness (dull) arouses in his mind. He has, time and again , felt
the smell of steaks in the narrow lanes, seen the withered leaves and newspapers
being wrapped and the broken blinds and the chimney-pots being beaten by the
gusty shower.
Explanation of second stanza (14TH to 24TH line):-
The poet takes a close view of the scene of morning life in the city of
London. He watches how the people begin their daily lives. He sees them go to the
early coffee’s-stands for drinking coffee. He also saws where the people are
living. Decorating by artificial things and their life which become artificial.
Ans: Anukul did not allow Raicharan to stay in his house because he could not
accepted Raicharan’s view of putting the blame6 on God’s shoulder. No educated
people like Anukul accept Raicharan’s view that his fade had caused all those
misfortunes.
Q14. What was Phailna’s request to his father Anukul at the end of the story?
Ans: As Phailna came to know the truth he had a sympathic feeling for Raicharan.
So, he requested his father to forgive Raicharan and sanction some monthly
pension for him even though he was not allowed to stay in their house.
THE IMP AND THE PEASANT’S BREAD
Q1. What did the Imp try to get from the peasant?
Ans: The Imp’s aim was to make the peasant angry and swear and called the
devil. This he never did in his life. So he turned himself into a labouring man and
advised him to get large amount of grain. If a person had large amount of grain
his nature will ruin.
Q2. What did the devil see when he came to the peasant’s house?
Ans: The devil saw the peasant, who did not swear when he lost his crust of bread,
was scolding his wife for spilling a glassful of wine on the floor.
Q3. Why did the peasant rebuke his wife?
Ans: The peasant rebuked his wife because his wife spilt off a glassful of wine on
the floor. She did it when she was serving drinks to the guest. She just stumbled
against the table.
Q4. What activity of the Imp pleased the devil?
Ans: Earlier the peasant was an honest person. But, he did not offer drinks to the
peasant who came there uninvited. He declared that he could not find for anyone.
This sudden change of behavior in the peasant pleased the devil.
Q5. What happened when the rich peasants and the host drank wine?
Ans: When they drank the wine they began to make false, oily speeches to one
another. They began to cheat each other.
Q6. What is the affect of the second glass of wine?
Ans: After having the second glass of wine their talk become more wilder and
rougher. They began to abuse and snarl at one another and they were fighting and
punched one another. The host also joined the fight. They looked like a savage
wolves.
Q7. What happens when the peasants had the third glass?
Theme:-
2)The gypsies might have stolen the21child.
Q5. Does the mother of the child has the same belief with others?
Ans: No, the mother does not believe what the people says. Instead she has a
strong belief that Raicharan has stolen the child.
Q6. What was Raicharan’s reaction when he was charged the Little Master?
Ans: Raicharan could not tolerate the charge given to him. He simply beat his
forehead and said that he knew nothing.
Q7. What has happened to Raicharan after the lost of the child?
Ans: After the lost of the child, Raicharan has left his Master’s house. And he was
very surprise when his wife gave birth to a son after a long time.
Q8. How did Raicharan managed to do about Phailna’s education?
Ans: Raicharan sold his piece of land and went to Kolkata where Phailna was
given the best education, the best clothe and the best food. He got the job of a
servant with great difficulty and lived on a mere handful of rice.
Q9. What was the inner feeling of Raicharan while sending Phailna for good
education?
Ans: Raicharan had been sending his son to a good school and providing him the
best food. He did it by not thinking Phailna as his own son but he thought that the
Little Master loved him so much and came back to his home again.
Q10. How did the students of Phailna’s hostel feel about Raicharan?
Ans: The students of the hostel were greatly amused by Raicharan’s country
manners and Phailna also took part in it. But in their bottom of hearts they all
loved the innocent tender hearted old man and Phailna also fond of him.
Q11. How was Raicharan treated in the house of Anukul when he visited after a
long time?
Ans: When Raicharan visited Anukul’s house after a long time, his heart was
softened to see his old servant and offered him to serve in his house again. But his
mistress did not welcome him well.
Q12. How did Raicharan disclose his secrecy about Anukul’s son?
Ans: Raicharan folded his hand and said that it was not the Padma who stole the
child. But it was he who had stolen the child. Further, he said that the child was
with him and will bring the next day.
Q13. Did Anukul allow Raicharan to stay in his house? Why/why not?
Suffering:-People live in a harsh life. Life is an unchanging cycle of day and
night. There is a sense of people waiting 20
and rushing but not really enjoying their
lives.
1) Pretence:-People lead double lives. The respectable life people live by
day hides a sordid night.
2) Life style:-In 1910 people lives by rushing to and from work consuming
coffee beer and steaks. But in reality they are suffering at night
3) Poverty:-The people of that period a very poor. Hands and feet of city
people are dirty. The streets are full of rubbish and mud.
Explanation:-
1) “The winter evening…………….smoky days’’ (1ST to 4TH line)
Ans.:-The poet is describing the place where the air is contaminated by the
smokes imitated by the factories and by the smell of steaks. Such symptoms of
modern city are observed by the poet in a very repulsive and disgusting manner in
the winter evening when the clock strikes six. This is time when the industrious
part of the day comes to a close. The poet thus brings the idea of an odious
evening of an industrial city into our mind.
2) “With the other masquerades…………….furnished rooms”(19TH to 23RD line)
Ans.:- In these lines the poet describes how morning life begins in a modern city
like London. In the train of a gusty shower of the night the street grows wet and
muddy. People neglecting the muddiness of the street go to the coffee stand early
in the morning to drink coffee. And then marking the start of their daily life people
go to join assembly of persons who are dancing at the ball. There one can see
their dirty hands while dancing. In this way the poet expresses the feeling of
disgust at the tiresome modern urban life.
Q1.Why does Eliot compare the evening with “The burnt out ends of smoky
days”?
Ans.:-The evening of London city is compared with “The burnt out ends of smoky
days” because it is filled with smoke which is an unhealthy thing. The air is not
fresh because of the smoke produced by the factories as well as cigarette.
Q2.”The grimy scraps Of withered leaves about your feet” what do these lines
suggest?
Ans.:-These lines show the untidy scene of7London city. All the withered leaves,
scraps and papers as well as newspapers are gathered at the feet of the passersby.
This shows the unhealthy atmosphere in the surrounding of the London city.
Q3”The showers beat On broken blinds and chimney-pots” what are impressions
created by these lines?
Ans.:-Here, in these lines, the poet shows the inconveniences faced by the
passersby. Not only the passersby the people of that society are also facing the
problems. It also shows the condition of the people who could not mend their
windows and chimney-pots.
Q4. What affect does Eliot want to create by the image, “Faint stale smells of
beer”?
Ans.:-Morning makes us fresh by their aromatic air. But in the city like London
instead of fresh air the atmosphere is filled with the smell of stale beer which was
used at night. And this makes the people dull and unhealthy.
Q5.”Sawdust-trampled street” Explain the image create by this line.
Ans.:-The streets of London used to be muddy in olden period. Sawdusts were
scattered to cover these muddy areas. In that situation people used to go to coffee-
stands to drink coffee as a habitual act. So, their feet were trempled by the mud as
well as sawdust whenever they go there.
THE FROG AND THE NIGHTINGALE
The central idea of the poem is satire. Satire on those people who know
about art and music but who exploit innocent artists without thinking of their
status. Through their talent they earn huge sum of money .In the lust of money,
they even kill the art as well as the artists. Not only this, people who possess their
own talents and skills have lack of confidence and belief easily when a person
criticizes them. They will easily follow the instruction of that critics. At last they
will lost everything even their soul.
Q1What does ‘awn’ mean? What has the poet used this word?
Ans.:- The word ‘awn’ has been coined by the poet to rhyme with ‘dawn’. Here it
simply means do.
Q2.What the reaction of the other creature to the frog’s singing because his voice
was very loud and unpleasant?
Ans.:-The other creatures hated the frog’s because his voice was very loud and
unpleasant.
Q3Why did everyone stare at the Sumac tree?
will be put upon the two grooms. So, she smeared Duncan's blood to the grooms.
8
Q11. What did Lady Macbeth tell her husband to do when he came out with his
bloody hands?
Ans: Lady Macbeth asked him to go back to the chamber to keep the daggers
there and the smear the sleepy grooms with blood. She also asked him to fetch
water and to wash his filthy hands.
Q12. What did Lady Macbeth do when Macbeth refused to go back to the
chamber?
Ans: When Macbeth refused to go back to the back chamber, Lady Macbeth
snatched the daggers away and ran back to the chamber to smear bloods on
grooms. Then she dragged Macbeth to wash his hands.
Q13. How did Macbeth try to show his innocence?
Ans: When Lennox and Macbeth ran towards the King's chamber when Macduff
had a cried that the king was death. Macbeth pointing out the blood on the clothes
of the grooms. Thus he tried to show that the grooms had killed the king.
Q14. Why were the guests surprised at the coronation feast?
Ans: It was Macbeth's duty to be together with the guest. But he had been talking
to an ugly villain. Not only this he said that there was no empty chair for him. So,
the guests were surprised at the behavior of the king.
THE CHILD’S RETURN
Q1. What was the happiest moment of Raicharan when he was in the company of
Little Master?
Ans: The happiest moment of Raicharan was when the child started calling Ma-
ma to the mother, Ba-ba to the father and Channa to him.
Q2. How did Raicharan play with the new born child?
Ans: Raicharan used to toss the child up in his arms, called to him in absurb baby
language. He used to put his face very close to the baby’s and draw it away with a
grin.
Q3. What was the first reaction to Raicharan when he found the Little Master
missing?
Ans: When Raicharan found the Little Master was missing the whole universe
swam round like a dark mist. From the depth of his heart he gave a pierching cry;
“Master, Master, Little Master”.
Q4. What were the believes of the people about the missing of the child?
Ans: The believes of the people were-
1)The child was carried away by the huge Padma River.
Ans: It was a strange day, fair by turns and then foul, now bright sunshine, and
then dark clouds and wind and driving19 rain, and all around them nothing could
seen but the low heath as far as the edge of the sky.
Q4. How did the witches greet Macbeth?
Ans: The witches greeted Macbeth in a very strange manner. Of that three
witches, the first witch greeted him as Thane of Glamis, the second witch greeted
as Thane of Cawdor and the third witch greeted as future king of Scotland.
Q5. Why did Macbeth wish to ask more questions to the witches?
Ans: Macbeth could not understand the strange greetings of the witches because
he did not have any idea about Cawdor’s doom and to become king was beyond
belief. So, he would like to know more about the prophecies made by them.
Q6. How did Ross greet Macbeth?
Ans: Ross saluted Macbeth as Thane of Cawdor. He did it as the king had ordered
him to do so.
Q7. How did Macbeth react at the greeting of Ross?
Ans: Macbeth did not know what had happened to the Thane of Cawdor. So, while
he was greeted as Thane of Cawdor he asked Ross why he was dressed in
borrowed robes.
Q8. What were Macbeth’s thought that made him drop the idea of killing Duncan
at his castle?
Ans: Duncan was his guest and kinsman. By every right he was bound to protect
the king. Not only this Duncan was a meek king, honest in his rule. He also felt
that his death would cause universal pity. He also knew that the crown which he
coveted could prove a barren honour and disaster. In these thoughts Macbeth
decided to protect no further in his action of killing king Duncan at his castle.
Q9. How did Lady Macbeth make Macbeth change his mind in favour of killing
Duncan?
Ans: Lady Macbeth answered Macbeth scornfully when Macbeth said that he
would not kill the king. She rebuked him as a coward too feedle to take what he
wanted. This made Macbeth upset that he resolved to kill the king and to follow
his wife's persuasion.
Q10. What were plants made Lady Macbeth to kill Duncan?
Ans: Lady Macbeth drugged the drink of the two grooms. She placed their
daggers on Duncan's bed. When they will kill the king the blame
Ans.:- Everyone stared at the Sumac tree because it was from there that the
nightingale was singing and charming all18 ears with her song.
Q4.Was the criticism of the frog a fair judge? What did he suggest?
Ans.:- No, the frog was not a fair judge of the song. His own song was such that
all other creatures hated his voice. He suggested that the Nightingale should have
vocal training under him. He added that she could then become a winner.
Q5.Why was the Nightingale so imposed by the frog?
Ans.:-The Nightingale was impressed because the frog had said that he had long
been known for his splendid baritone. He had also said that he wrote songs for
Bog Trumpet.
Q6.What does the Nightingale mean by at least it’s more?
Ans.:-The Nightingale means to say that though her song has no supernatural
quality, she feels proud of the fact that it is her own song. She has not borrowed
or copies it from anyone.
Q7.Why does the Nightingale consider the frog as ‘Mozart’?
Ans.:-The frog said that he could make her a winner through his training. Mozart
was one of the greatest musician of all times and the Nightingale felt that Mozart
had come down to Earth in the form of the Frog.
Q8.Why is the Frog benefited in two ways?
Ans.:-He earns money from the Nightingale’s musical concerts. He also gets
money from the Nightingale for her vocal training. Thus the Frog is benefited in
two ways.
Q9.Why did the Frog feel joy both sweet and bitter?
Ans.:-The joy was sweet because the frog was earning lots of money through the
Nightingale’s musical concerts. On the other hand it was bitter because the Frog
felt jealous of the Nightingale’s fame.
Q10.In what way did the Frog become the unrivalled king of the Bog once again?
Ans.:-The Nightingale puffed up her lungs to sing. As a result one of her veins got
burst and she died. Thus, the Frog became the unrivalled king of the Bog once
again.
Q11.Who was responsible for the bird’s death? Give evidence in support of your
answer.
Ans.:-The frog was responsible for the Nightingale’s death. In his greed for more
and more money, he did not allow her any sleep and sleep and rest. He strained
her nerves so much that the poor bird in the end.
OR,
The Nightingale herself will take the responsible of her death. Throughout
the universe, Nightingale is known for 9her sweet melodious voice. But when a
critic like frog comes fort and critics her voice, she beliefs him and devotes her
talent to him. In this way the Frog handles the Nightingale in whatever manner.
Thus, the Nightingale has to loss her life because of her lack of confidence.
A DAY
Explanation of 1st paragraph,
Emily Dickinson was very attracted the beauty of the morning scene. The way
she expressed the coming of the light is very appropriate.
According to her opinion, the coming of the light is just a layer of light coming
one after another. The steeple of the church is like swimming in the sky due to
the reflection of sunlight which seems very beautiful. The morning is arriving in
full speed, it is like a squirrel.
Explanation of 2nd paragraph,
Emily Dickinson portrayed the coming of light on the top of the hill like the
removal of a bonnet by a woman. The dark portion on the top of the hill was
disappearing because of the coming of light which Dickinson expressed as the
removal of bonnet. As the sun was approaching the singing birds were casting
their sweet voices. By that, she will easily know the arrival of the morning.
Explanation of 3rd paragraph,
Through the poet is explaining very clearly about the sun rise, she doesn’t
have any idea of sunset. To her sunset is like the people who are climbing over a
stile to a higher level. She says so because the scene of sunset looks like a layer
of yellowish creature climbing one after another in a ladder like structure.
Explanation of 4th paragraph,
At the last paragraph of this poem, the poet says that mourning. The priest is
opening the gate of the Earth so that the light may depart. Thus the scene of
 sunset is not an enjoyable moment but a sorrowful moment which hurt the heart
of we the people of this Earth.
Pross Section
THE LAST LESSON
Q1. Describe the background in which 'The Last Lesson' of Alphonse Daudet has
been set.
Ans: 'The Last Lesson' is set in the days of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871).
France was defeated by Prussia (Germany). By an order cases, colonizers
prohibit the teaching of the native language and try to deprive the people of their
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identity. In such cases ,when people are attached to their native language, their
identity would be kept intact. Their language is the key to their prison as their
language keeps them united against the invaders and urge them to fight against
the enslavement.
Q33. Franz thinks, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons ?”
What could this means?
Ans: Alphonse Daudet’s ‘The Last Lesson’ very prominently raises the question
of linguistic and cultural hegemony of the colonial and imperial powers and their
lust for controlling the world and influencing their cultures and identities.
Prussians acquired the districts of Alsace and Lorraine in Franco-Prussian War ,
but they were not satisfied with mere political domination ,they desired to enforce
their own language on the people of the defeated nation. They released the order
that from now German would be taught in schools rather than French. Franz
wondered whether they would make even pigeons sing in German. It means that
they had grown up using French as their language and now snatching away their
language from them would be unfair and unkind. The language was as natural to
them as cooing is to the pigeon. So, compulsion to speak another language is like
dominating the force of nature and enslaving it. As it is next to impossible to alter
the way pigeons sing, in the same way it is difficult for people to accept a
language which is forcibly imposed on them. Adopting a new language causes
pain and discomfort.
MACBETH
Q1. Write the character sketch of Lady Macbeth.
Ans: Lady Macbeth is the most important character in the development of the
story of Macbeth. After fulfilling the second prophecy, in order to fulfil the third
one she instigates her husband to commit more crimes. Because of her scorn and
accusation Macbeth had not wanted. The tragic nature of the story was caused by
ambitious activities caused by Lady Macbeth.
Q2. Why did King Duncan send Macbeth and Banquo?
Ans: King Duncan sent two of his greatest Generals- Macbeth and Banquo, to
lead his rebels. His rebels were his subjects led by Macdonwald, Thane of
Cawdor and king of Norway.
Q3. Describe the weather on the barren heath.
the most logical language. He expressed his dismay that the people of Alsace were
quite indifferent to the learning of French. He17called upon them to guard it among
themselves and never forget it. Their language was the key to their unity and
liberation. Everyone listened to him with rapt attention and respect.
Q28. What did Franz notice that was unusual about the school that day?
Ans: Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard
out in the street. But it was all very still that day. Everything was as quiet as a
Sunday morning. There was no opening or closing of desks. His classmates were
already in their places. The teacher’s great ruler instead of rapping on the table,
was under M. Hamel’s arm.
Q29. What had been put up on the bulletin-board?
Ans: For the last two years all the bad news came from the bulletin-board. An
order had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and
Lorraine. The Germans had put up this notice on the Bulletin board.
Q30. What change did the order from Berlin cause in the school that day?
Ans: Mr. Hamel had put on his best dress – his beautiful green coat, his frilled
shirt and the little black silk cap, all embroidered. The whole school seemed so
strange and solemn. On the back benches that were always empty, the elderly
village people were sitting quietly like the kids.
Q31. How did Franz’s feelings about M. Hamel and the school change?
Ans: Franz came to know that it was the last lesson in French that M. Hamel
would give them. From the next day they will be taught only German. Then he felt
sorry for not learning his lessons properly. His books, which seemed a nuisance
and a burden earlier were now old friends. His feelings about M. Hamel also
changed. He forgot all about his ruler and how cranky he was.
Q32. “When a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is
as if they have the keys to their prison.” What could this mean?
Ans: Language is an important aspect of the culture of any nation. Native
language unites the people of a particular area or nation. During colonization
colonizers enforce political domination by exerting their rules and regulation over
the people of colonized nation and enforce cultural domination by imposing their
own language on them. In some
from Berlin, German language was imposed on the French districts of Alsace and
16
Lorraine. The lesson describes how a teacher in Alsace, M. Hamel, reacts to this
shocking news. His students and even the villagers share his views.
Q2. What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that day? Why was
he in great dread of scolding?
Ans: Franz had not prepared his lesson. His teacher, M. Hamel, had said that he
would question the students on participles. But Franz didn't know even the first
word about them. He feared a scolding from M. Hamel. Moreover, he started for
school very late. For a moment he thought of running away and spending the day
out of doors.
Q3. Why did Franz think of running away and spending the day out of doors?
Ans: Franz started for school very late. His teacher, M. Hamel had said that he
would question them on 'participles'. Franz knew nothing about them. He feared a
scolding from M. Hamel. He thought of running away from the school and
spending the day out of doors. But he resisted the temptation and hurried off to
school.
Q 4. What was the temptation and how did Franz resist it ?
Ans: M. Hamel was to question the students on participles. Franz knew nothing
about them and feared a scolding. For a moment he was tempted to run away and
spend the day out of doors. The weather was warm. The day was bright. Woods,
open fields and chirping of birds tempted him. But he overcame his temptation
and hurried off to school.
Q5. What did Franz see when he passed in front of the town hall on the way
to school ?
Ans: Franz passed the town hall on his way to school. There was a great crowd in
front of the bulletin-board. For the past two years all their bad news had come
from there. The people thronged there to hear the news of last battles or the
orders of the commanding officer. They verified everything from there.
Q6. Why was there a crowd in front of the bulletin-board at the town hall ?
Ans: Usually there used to be a crowd in front of the bulletin-board at the town
hall. All the bad news had come from there for the last two years. But today
another bad news shocked the residents of the town. An order has come from
Berlin. German language was to be imposed on the people of Alsace and
Lorraine. Now only the German teachers will teach German to the French
speaking population.
Q7. Describe at least two changes that could be seen in M. Hamel after he came
to know of that order from Berlin. 11
Ans: M. Hamel was a hard task-master. But the order from Berlin completely
changed him. He didn't rebuke Franz when he entered the classroom quite late.
Nor did he scold him when he got mixed up and confused when it was his turn to
recite. His last act of writing "Vive La France!" on the blackboard revealed his
love for France and French.
Q8. How was the scene in the school in the morning of the last lesson different
from that on other days ?
Ans: The scene in the school is different from that on other days. It was the last
lesson in French. German was going to be imposed on them from the next day.
Hence, all students and even the village elders had gathered there. The love for
their native language French dominated all other things.
Q9. ‘I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; ...',
said Franz. How did he enter and what was the reaction of the teacher?
Ans: Franz was late for school. Usually there was always a great hustle and
bustle in the morning. He had hoped to take advantage of that noise and
commotion. He wanted to get to his desk without being noticed. But that day he
had to go in before everybody. But nothing happened. M. Hamel only asked him
very politely to take up his seat.
Q10. What did Franz see through the window when he reached his school ?
Ans: Through the window Franz saw his classmates. They were already in their
places. M. Hamel was tense walking up and down. He had that "terrible" ruler
under his arm. It was all very quiet—as quiet as Sunday morning. The usual
commotion and activities were absent.
Q 11. What was the thing that surprised the narrator most? Why was everybody
sad?
Ans: The whole school seemed so strange and silent. But the thing that surprised
Franz most was to see the village people on the back benches. Generally they
were always empty. Everybody sat quietly and looked sad. Everybody was sad to
know that German would be taught in all schools of Alsace.
Q12. Why didn't M. Hamel get angry with Franz for being late?
Ans: M. Hamel was much disturbed by the news that came from Berlin. He was
delivering his 'last lesson' in French. So he didn't get angry How did M. Hamel
say farewell to his students and the village elders?
Ans: The church-clock struck twelve. It was time for the Angelus prayer. At the
same moment the trumpets of the Prussians 12 sounded. Suddenly M. Hamel grew
overemotional. Patriotic feelings overpowered him. He took a piece of chalk and
wrote as large as he could: "Long Live France".
Q24. What is Linguistic Chauvinism? How do you classify M. Hamel's love and
the villagers' concern for French?
Ans: 'Linguistic Chauvinism' means carrying pride in one's language too far. But
the love of Hamel and the village elders for French doesn't amount to this. Rather
they are victims of it. German is being imposed on the French speaking people of
Alsace. M. Hamel feels genuinely proud of French language. He urges others
never to forget such a beautiful language.
Q25. ‘Justify the title of 'The Last Lesson.'
Ans: The title is self-revealing. It was certainly the last lesson that M. Hamel was
delivering to his students. From the next day German was to be imposed on the
French speaking people of Alsace. M. Hamel was leaving the school for good with
a heavy heart. Even the elders had come to pay respect and listen to the last
lesson in French.
Q26. What message does the writer want to convey to the readers through 'The
Last Lesson'?
Ans: Alphonse Daudet has a definite message to convey to his readers. Through
M. Hamel he wants to express pride in one's language. Greatness of French
language is highlighted. The lesson arouses patriotic feelings. It makes the
readers aware that they must keep their language and culture alive at all costs.
Q27. What was the order from Berlin? How did that order affect the people of
Alsace, particularly M. Hamel and his students?
Ans: A shocking order had come from Berlin. Two French speaking districts of
Alsace and Lorrain were under German occupation. German language was
imposed on the people of Alsace.
The order from Berlin added insult to the injury. It hurt the pride of the
people. M. Hamel, a school teacher, broke this shocking news to his students. He
declared that it was his last lesson in French. He would leave the place for good.
A new master would replace him to teach German. The news aroused patriotic
feelings in students as well as the villagers. The village elders came to the school
to listen to the last lesson in French. He spoke at length about French language.
He called French the most beautiful language in the world. It was the clearest and
with Franz for being late. Rather he said very kindly, "Go to your place, little
Franz". He ignored Franz's being late and went on with his lesson.
Q13. How did M. Hamel give the shocking 15 news to the students and the
villagers and with what effect ?
Ans: The villagers sat along with the students on the back desks. M. Hamel
mounted on his chair. He spoke in a grave and gentle tone. He made it clear that
it was his last French lesson. An order had come from Berlin. All the schools of
Alsace and Lorraine would teach only German. A new teacher would replace him
the next day. The news left everyone shocked and grieved.
Q14. Why had M. Hamel put on his fine Sunday clothes ? Why were the old men
of the village sitting there in the back of the classroom ?
Ans: M. Hamel had put on his fine Sunday clothes to highlight the occasion. The
old men of the village had come there to show their sympathy and respect to the
teacher. It was their way to thank M. Hamel for his forty years of faithful service.
They had also come to show their respect to France and their most beautiful
language French.
Q15. How did Franz perform when his turn came to recite? How did M. Hamel
react?
Ans: It was Franz's turn to recite. In spite of his best effort, he got mixed up. His
heart was beating and he did not dare to look up. M. Hamel assured in a polite
tone that he would not scold him. He was not the only one who neglected learning
French. Many others in Alsace shared his fate.
Q16. "We've all a great deal to reproach ourselves with." Why did M. Hamel
blame the parents and himself too for not showing due attention and care to the
learning of French?
Ans: M. Hamel didn't scold Franz for neglecting the learning of French. Most of
the people of Alsace could neither speak nor write their own language. Their
parents preferred to put them to work on a farm or at the mills. Mr. Hamel didn't
even spare himself. He had often sent his students to water his flowers instead of
learning their lessons.
Q17. What did M. Hamel tell the people in the class about French language ?
What did he ask them to do and why ?
Or
How does M. Hamel pay a tribute to the French language ?
Ans: M. Hamel went on to talk of French language. He told that it was the most
beautiful language of the world. It was the clearest and the most logical of all
languages. He asked the people to guard it among themselves and never forget it.
As long as people 'hold fast to the' language' they have the key to freedom.
Q18. Why did M. Hamel ask his students13 and the villagers to guard French among
them ?
Ans: M. Hamel was delivering his last in French to his students. From the next
day the French districts of Alsace would teach German in all schools. M. Hamel
was grieved but quite helpless. He praised French as the most beautiful and
logical language in the world. He urged upon them to guard their beautiful
language.
Q19. How did the narrator take the last lesson in grammar and with what effect?
Ans: In the end, M. Hamel opened a grammar book. He read them their last
lesson. All he said 'seemed so easy, so easy !' Franz understood it so well. He had
never listened to his teacher so carefully. It seemed as if M. Hamel wanted to give
them all he knew before going away. He wanted to put it all into their heads at
one stroke.
Q20. Describe M. Hamel's service to the school in Alsace.
Ans: For forty years M. Hamel had been serving in the same school in Alsace. He
valued French language as the most beautiful language in the world. His students
and even the village elders paid respect to him on the last day. He felt sorry that
the people of Alsace neglected their learning.
Q21. What was the parting message of M. Hamel to his students and the village
elders who had gathered in the classroom?
Ans: M. Hamel stood up, very pale, in his chair. He was speaking for the last
time. He tried to speak but couldn't. Something choked him. Then he turned to the
blackboard and wrote as large as he could :
"Vive La France !" (" Long Live France !"). Without a word he made a gesture.
All of them could go. The school was "dismissed".
Q22. "The people in the story realise suddenly how precious their language is to
them." How do they realise it and who makes them realise it ?
Ans: An order comes from Berlin. The people suddenly realise how precious their
language is to them. German is imposed on the French districts of Alsace and
Lorraine. The man who makes them aware of the greatness of their language is
M. Hamel. He arouses their hidden love for their beautiful language.
Q23. What happened when the church-clock struck twelve ?
Or
14