Analysis of Foreign Affairs and National Security Policy with special reference to

Strategy of FDR of Ethiopia

Tewelde Gebresslase (M.P.A)
Lecture and Researcher: Department of Management, CBE, Adigrat University, Ethiopia

R.Durga Prasad
Assistant Professor; Department of Management, CBE, Adigrat University, Ethiopia

Abstract
Foreign relations policy is national policy which consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the
country to preserve its national interests and to achieve goals within its international
relations surroundings and it needs careful analytical predication on its causes and effects. Thus, this
is the literal and policy analysis one Foreign Affairs and National Security Policy and Strategy of the
FDR of Ethiopia. Under this policy analysis, the authors have tried to study the policy document and
its practical application in terms of the national stability and sovereignty and its positive and negative
on the peaceful; relation of Ethiopia with its cloth neighbors and other international organizations.
After the policy gab and its internal and external challenges are well identified, the authors have come
with possible conclusions and recommendations.
Key words: foreign policy, Ethiopia, national interest, globalization.
1. Introduction
Foreign policy is a set of goals, means, strategies, tactical structures and processes designed to attain
state or party objectives in international relations (Rosenau, 1961). Foreign policy is primarily
concerned with the pursuit of national interest and the attainment of national objectives. National
objectives are diverse and some of which vary from time to time. National security, however, stands
out first in the foreign policy of all countries. In light of this, Ethiopia’s diversified foreign relations
with countries of different socioeconomic and political orientations have contributed to its “national
self-preservation” (Rubenson, 1976). Maintaining of national security alone cannot be an end by itself
in foreign policy. Foreign policy in its overall nature has to contribute to the domestic development
efforts of a country, peace, stability, and raise the living standard of the people.
There is unity between domestic and foreign policy. Foreign policy of a country emanates from
domestic environment. A foreign policy maker takes into considerations both external and internal
environments in foreign policy making process. This relationship makes one influence the other in its
making and that is why it is said, “foreign policy is nothing more than a by-product of domestic
politics (Macridis, 1976).
Foreign policy is a systematic arrangement of states’ national interests in their relations with other
states. The setting of national interest takes into consideration different variables of national and
international characters. The internal character contain variables such as economic power, military
strengths, natural endowment, level of technological development, geographic location, etc., which are
some to mention. The techniques of identifying the relevant foreign policy variables from the
irrelevant ones need an institutional approach and scientific analysis.
Ethiopia stands one of the oldest countries in international relations. Nevertheless, its foreign relations
began to take modern shape under Haile Selassie I. It is during his period that permanent
representations have begun and diplomatic missions were opened in many countries. Haile Selassie
oversaw Ethiopia’s early participation in international relations. In this respect he became an
international figure (Arka Abota, 2002).

There can be no doubt that the attainment of speedy economic development, democratization and
peace is fundamental to the survival of the country which finds itself in a state of abject poverty and
backwardness. That is why the Government gives priority to matters that are key to our survival and

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well-being. Unless, the overall policy direction pursued by the Government takes this basic reality into
account, our national existence and security will face grave danger. In this respect it is clear to see that
our foreign relations and national security policy and strategy can only have relevance if it contributes
to the fight against poverty and promotes speedy economic development, democracy and peace. If we
do not realize our goals, one can predict that our country will be exposed to great instability and even
collapse and our very security, and indeed survival, will be at stake.

The former governments pursued external relations and national security policies that disregarded
internal problems that were fundamental to our national condition. Rather, the effort was to focus on
the outside world and to look in from the outside, as it were. Such an approach could not adequately
protect our national interest and security.
There is no point in trying to pursue a foreign relations and national security policy to be implemented
externally without a major and effective in-country effort to realize our vision of development and
democratization.
It should also be noted that the foreign policies of past governments were, in part, founded on a ‘siege
mentality’ which considered the country to be surrounded by enemies. Its effects on the psychology of
the people and its adverse impact on our relations with the outside world cannot be underestimated.
These is, however, not to say that the country does not have external enemies or that all past policies
directed against those who were arrayed against the country were wrong.
What is essential is the necessity to carry out appropriate studies and assessments to distinguish
between those whose interests would be negatively affected by our development and democratization
efforts, and those who mistakenly believe that their interests would be negatively affected in this way.
It would subsequently be proper to pursue a policy and strategy that would reduce the dangers and
threats while ensuring that speedy economic development and democratization process.
Currently, Ethiopia has formulated its own foreign affairs and security policy towards the external
environments. Starting from the basic policy principles, the policy provides strategic foreign relation
directions of the country towards the horn of Africa (Eritrea, Somali, Sudan, Djibouti, Kenya) and
IGAD, significance relation with other African states, middle east countries (Egypt), Arabian Gulf
Countries (Yemen), North African countries, Israel, Turkey and Iran, European Union and Russian
Federation, USA, Asian countries with Japan, China and India. At the end, the policy shows the policy
direction of the state towards the International and non-governmental organizations.
2. Challenges the Policy
It is known that poverty is the only internal enemy that has not been removed still from Ethiopia.
Otherwise, Ethiopia is an independent country that never colonized by foreign countries. But, although
the state has a long history with its nation and nationalities without being colonized, there are internal
and external challenges they have been affect the struggle against poverty and backwardness. These
challenges are related to political, social and economical nature of the country itself in specific and its
neighbor countries and internationally in general. According to the policy,
“The philosophy behind our foreign policy is that our diplomatic activities have to serve the country’s
economic agenda and the objective the country has in advancing democracy. As has clearly been
indicated in our Foreign and National Security Policy and Strategy, it is not just the normal type of
economic development that we need, but a rapid one. That, we have said, is an imperative necessity
for maintaining the very viability of Ethiopia as a country. The same applies with respect to the work
we have in connection with our democratization agenda. For a country as diverse as Ethiopia, its
survival also hinges on the strengthening and deepening of democracy in our country.”
This indicates that domestic affair is the base to foreign relation policy of the country. But, to do that
there are challenges that may categorized as internal and external depending on their origin.
1.1 Internal challenges of the policy
These challenges are domestic challenges in the economic, social and political issues of the country.
The foreign relation policy should formulate based on the national interest of the country that could not

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affect the interest of other countries. The foreign relation policy can affect the economic growth of the
nation. In general the internal challenges are:

The nature of relations among the nations, nationalities and peoples of the state,

the development level and resource availability of different regions,

political difference between ruling party and other political parties,

the relationship between the people and the state,

the attitude of the society towards its neighbor states,

the issue of poverty reduction struggle at national level,
1.2 External challenge of the policy
As a policy, foreign policy is made under the consideration of the external challenge that comes from
outside the state. These challenges may relate with:

the political difference and border conflict with Eritrea,

political disorder in Somalia and in Sudan,

illegal trades and migrations across the neighborhoods,

The global economic crisis and foreign political interference on national interest.

Conflicts on nation-buildings and interests with other countries like with Egypt,
3. Policy response towards the internal and external challenges
The foreign affairs and security policy of Ethiopia is formulated based on the constitution of the
country. As a result, according to Article 86 of the constitution sub -article 1-3 deals about:
(1) to promote policies of foreign relations based on the protection of national interests and respect for
the sovereignty of the country. (2) To promote mutual respect for national sovereignty and equality of
states and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states.
(3) To ensure that the foreign relation policies of the country are based on mutual interests and equality
of states as well as that international agreements promote the interests of Ethiopia.
Based on this, foreign policy is a policy consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to
safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations environment. This
implies, as the foreign affairs and security policy is formulated based on the constitution of the land, it
has an empirical response to these challenges that may happen within the state. From the perspective
of national economic development agenda, for regional stability and peace-in short, in light of
fundamental national interest framed by development and security-utmost priority are given to the
relations between Ethiopia and other states.
The policy response towards the external challenges is also clearly involved under the policy direction
of the policy document. This means, the external challenges are taken in to consideration. But, the
developmental struggle of Ethiopia is disturbing by neighbor countries. Because, the political disorder
in Somalia, border issue with Eritrea, and the internal problem in Sudan has been affecting the stability
of the horn of Africa and the continent in general.
In order to create a peaceful political, social and economic relation, the country has diplomatic
ambassadors in the neighbors and other states. As a result, Ethiopia’s international relations are
through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to issues of peace-making, trade, war,
economics, culture, environment and human rights. International treaties are usually negotiated by
diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians.

In general, what happen in other countries, the foreign affaire and security policy of Ethiopia is based
on the constitution of the land in development and building of democratic system, and the international
law. As a result Ethiopia has been playing a great role to create a peaceful and stable nation, continent
and glop. Therefore, this can become the response of challenges internally and externally.
4. Objectives of the Policy
The failure to realize development and democracy has resulted in our security being threatened. It has
meant that we have remained impoverished, dependent and unable to hold our heads high. The
prospect of disintegration cannot be totally ruled out. That is why it is imperative that we expedite

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development and consolidate democracy. In doing so, we can consolidate our existence as a nation,
and preserve our honors.
The goal of foreign and security policy is to ensure international conditions that are conducive to
achieving national development and democratic objectives. In addition to this, the basis and goal of
the foreign and national security policy is defined as realizing development and democracy of the
country.
To bring about development and realize it in the framework of globalization, the state needs extensive
market opportunities, investment and technical support. For some time yet, Ethiopia will also needs
grants and loans to finance its development endeavors. The country also requires considerable
technical and financial support to build and strengthen institutions of democratic governance, so
crucial for the growth of democracy. The objective of foreign policy is exactly related to domestic
interests of the state.
Beside to that the main objective of the policy will be to create an enabling environment for
development and democracy and, in this context, it helps to identify markets, attract investment, solicit
grants, loans and technical support and make maximum utilization of all possibilities. The Ethiopia
diplomatic work must aim at eliminating or at least reducing external security threats.
The policy should strive to widen the number of foreign friends that can help to create a regional and
global atmosphere conducive for country’s peace and security
This is another reason why the Ethiopian diplomacy is centered on economic diplomatic activity.
Basing itself on national efforts to overcome the danger of strife and collapse emanating from within,
the foreign and national security policy has the objective of resisting external threats to our security
and building our capacity to reduce our vulnerability.
5. The Foreign Affairs and National Security policy Strategies
The foreign affairs and security policy has the following policy strategies
5. 1 Devoting the prime focus to activities at home: - the goals of the policy is rest mainly on
internal efforts; because we Ethiopians can correctly identify areas of need for foreign aid and
accordingly utilize it only if we can do our best in this direction; because the international community
is encouraged to create favorable circumstances only if they are convinced of our internal practical
commitment, our foreign relation policy will succeed, depending mainly on our own domestic efforts.
We need therefore to focus our efforts on the domestic front. Unless, we will be concerned mainly
with attempting to meet external demands and requirements.
5.2 Strategy centered on the economy: - the policy centered on economic development that benefits
the people and creating conducive situations for such development. Because, our national interests and
security will be guaranteed only if rapid development is attained. That’s why the main security threat
is of an internal nature. Therefore, the policy focused on the poverty reduction strategies of the nation.

5.3 Full utilization of benefits based on proper analysis: - The most important of national interests
is economic development. According to the policy, lists of priorities are market opportunities,
investment, technical and financial support for internal economic development and democratization.
The state needs political, diplomatic, military and technical support for the maintenance of internal
security. We have to differentiate between assistance that contributes significantly to our development
and building of a democratic order and aid that has a more modest impact. This requires detailed
investigation. Foreign Service work should be based on studies and proper coordination.
5.4 Minimizing threats on the basis of proper analysis: - Before anything else, we need to identify
the sources of such threats. In so far as our main goal is development and democracy, what is
threatening is what hampers our efforts in promoting them. Our study of the sources of danger
involves identifying those forces whose interests could be negatively affected by the process of
development and democratization in Ethiopia. There may also be some who incorrectly believe to be
threatened by progress in Ethiopia, which requires further assessment. The strategy we employ to

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reduce threats is therefore one that calls for a study identifying those who rightly or wrongly feel their
interests are harmed by the growth of democracy and economic progress in Ethiopia.
5.5 Reducing vulnerability (weakness) to threats: - It has been repeatedly mentioned under the
policy that the main threat to our national interests and existence is our poverty, backwardness and the
infancy of our system of good governance. It is visible, that to protect these interests and maintain our
national existence, we need to address and do away with these threats-first of all internally. It is a
given that, external threats are extensions of the national or domestic challenges that we face. It is
important in general that the basic strategy that we employ to reach our foreign policy and security
objectives should be the reduction of vulnerability by correctly identifying and then dealing with the
problem at the source.
5.6 Building a reliable defense capability: - Creating an efficient and state-of-the-art information
network significantly enhances the efforts launched in developing our defense strategies. This
information/intelligence network must be fully capable of predicting threats to our security and
providing information of value to our diplomatic and defense initiatives. The creation of a capable
national defense force is similarly central to the protection of our security. Clearly the challenge in the
building of a strong defense is that of the availability of resources. This leads us to examine some
approaches that are presented below
a) Capacity building on the basis of a thorough threat analysis
b) Building capacity by focusing on manpower development
c) Cost-effective use of financial resources
d) Ensuring symbiotic linkage between defense expenditure and the economy
e) Building capacity in the context of economic development and current threats
5.7 Building strong implementation capacity:- Well-designed foreign and national policies,
objectives and goals, programs and strategies would lead the nation nowhere if they are not properly
implemented. Rather it should implement based on:-
a) Forging national consensus-Foreign relations and national security goals are all about
development, democracy and survival. The task cannot be left to a few professionals or politicians.
People as a whole can, in a manner, participate. Our foreign and security policies and strategies,
including our relations with various countries should be made transparent to the public so that various
sections of the community discuss these policies, improve on them and reach a common position.
b) Strengthening the professional diplomatic capability-Qualified personnel need to be capable of
carrying out studies and assessments in the areas of foreign and national security policies, threat
analysis, and implementation strategies for these policies. They are expected to elaborate and
implement a plan designed to make the policies effective. For professionals of this caliber to come to
the fore, it is necessary for the nation to reach a common understanding on the main elements of the
national interests and security issues. Without such a common understanding, the proliferation of
diplomats and researchers would not allow us to protect our national interests and unity in a
coordinated way. Government ministries and institutions that are directly or indirectly concerned with
foreign and national security affairs should coordinate their work. That is one thing. In addition,
Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Security should coordinate their work with ministries and
institutions in the economic and the social sector in view of the fact that the economy is central for
diplomatic work. It is of utmost priority for these ministries to develop their manpower, their
organizational structure and procedures so that they are effective in carrying out their responsibilities,
including the responsibilities dealing with foreign affairs and security. Isolated efforts will not bring
results. These institutions need to coordinate their work and reorganize themselves accordingly.
c) Coordinating and involving those with a role in implementation-To assist our international
endeavors we need the participation of others such as The role higher educational institutions and
scholars play in enriching policies and implementing them is crucial.
Ethiopians in the Diaspora could also play an important role in carrying out research and investing at
home. In addition they could win friends for Ethiopia and try to influence their country of residence to

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cooperate with our country. They could act as a bridge between Ethiopian companies and firms in their
land of residence, thereby promoting investment and trade ties while seeking markets for Ethiopian
products.
In this world so closely interconnected through globalization, civil society has started to play a more
important role in relations between countries. Religious organizations, professional associations and
NGOs have been building links with fraternal organizations all over the world and are striving to
spread the benefits of globalization around. In this way, they contribute to development and the
building of democracy. They are becoming new forms of inter-country interchange. The government
should take note of this growing phenomenon and encourage and even help coordinate Ethiopian civil
society so that one’s interests and security are respected. It is when we strengthen our networking,
when we seek the widest participation, and when we play a key coordinating role that we can build our
capacity to deliver what is needed to protect our interests and security.
6. Core focus areas
As the policy indicates, the Ethiopia’s direction is to move from the internal to what is external, doing
national homework first, thereby enabling to identify societal shortcomings. The foreign relations and
national security policy and strategy are designed to address the gaps that need to be filled. The
external environment is viewed from the prism of national situation and condition, and this ensures
that the policy and strategy have relevance to national security and survival. This means, the policy
derived from the national interest of the state in case of the internal peace and security, then after, it
goes towards the external environment so as to avoid the external threats that can affect the poverty
struggle of the country.
The policy emphasized on the poverty reduction strategies and creates a pleasant condition to the
economic growth of the country in terms of stabilizing the political, social and economical relations
with neighbor countries and the international communities.
In general the following are the primary issues that described as a core focus areas on the foreign
affairs and security policy of the state.

Development and the building of a democratic system:-
According to the foreign policy of the country; benefiting from rapid development means, living a life
free from poverty, ignorance and backwardness. And, the primary interest of the people is to live
freeform poverty, disease and ignorance. The policy added that rapid development is not merely
important in raising the standard of living of the people, but also a guarantee of national survival.
Unless the society can bring about rapid development that benefits the people, the nation will not be
able to avoid chaos and disintegration. Therefore, assuring accelerated development and raising the
living standard of people is critical in preventing the country from disaster and dismemberment. This is
a fundamental issue on which the interests and the survival of the people of Ethiopia depend.
Establishing a democratic order in Ethiopia is the way to respect people and individual rights, affirm
good governance, and assure stable working and living conditions. Democracy is an important
instrument to mobilize around common goals and to involve the people in nation building. Therefore,
the vision of economic development and democratization is one key issue of the policy.

National pride and prestige
Historically, We Ethiopians are proud that we never succumbed to colonialism and the only nation in
Africa to have remained independent. The heritage belongs to past generations of Ethiopians, their
hard work, sweat and blood. The source of the pride of the present generation is the attainments of past
generations. But, even if, the state has a long history, it is heavily dependent on foreign aid up to now
except a little change. Therefore, to achieve the long vision of the country, the policy gives an equal
attention towards the national pride and prestige.

Globalization
Developing states like Ethiopia are mainly affected positively and negatively by globalization.
Because, in the process of globalization, the world economy has become interconnected and an
international division of labor has been introduced. It is through fully exploiting the opportunities

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globalization provides Ethiopia, decrease the constraints it creates, and becoming active participants in
the process of globalization, that society can promote national interests and security. It is for this
reason that the major basis of the foreign affairs and security policy is that of achieving economic
development and democracy in the framework of globalization. Therefore, a foreign and security
policy that fully exploits the opportunities globalization provides the country and that withstands the
negative effects of the process, is useful and appropriate. A policy that cannot serve this purpose,
however sophisticated, is flawed and therefore detrimental.
7. Policy outcomes
Foreign policy of Ethiopia during the former governments pursued external relations and national
security policies that disregarded internal problems that were fundamental to Ethiopia’s national
condition. Rather, the effort was to focus on the outside world and to look in from the outside, as it
were. Such an approach could not adequately protect the national interest and security of the country.
However, there is no point in trying to pursue a foreign relations and national security policy to be
implemented externally without a major and effective in-country effort to realize the vision of
development and democratization. Due to this reason, the foreign affairs and security policy of the
previous regimes could not benefit the national interest of Ethiopia.
Although the country is not developed as expected depending on it history, there has been a
developmental symptoms from time to time. And, this rapid economical growth is the result of good
governance in stabilizing the political environment internally and externally. Like any other country,
foreign policy has a great direct impact on nation-building of Ethiopia. Because an effective foreign
relation policy that formulated based on the domestic interest of the nation, has a primary goal on
insuring the national peace and security. And, the policy can able affect the internal and external
environments ether to benefit or harm the interest of the nation in terms of political, social as well as
economical situations.
In general, The Ethiopia’s foreign affairs and security policy has the following policy outcomes within
the country itself and the external environment in general.
 The country starts to show a rapid economic growth;
 The internal political, social and economical disorders are minimized;
 The country become beneficiary on global market and trade relations;
 the country creates a peaceful relations with its neighbor countries (except with Eritrea),
 the policy protects the national interests and it ensures the survival of country,
 the country become the center of diplomats towards international communities;
 the country is attracting foreign investors to its economic development;
8. Policy Gaps
Ethiopia, according to its foreign affairs and security policy, is playing a significant role in avoiding
Conflict in the Horn of Africa and in the continent in general. It is the result of the policy direction
toward the neighbor states in which the country has been participating to create an environment free
from chaos, disorder, and failure in different ways inside and outside its territories. Unlike with
Eritrea, Ethiopia has a good friendly foreign relationship with it neighbor states. For example, the
country has been providing military, diplomatic assistances to avoid the internal social crisis in
Somalia, the political instability in Sudan.
But, even if the country has been insuring its internal and external environments by taking part on the
struggle against the act of terrorism, political and religious extremists that can able create a threat of
state failure together with the neighbor and international communities, the foreign relation has its own
limitation on its policy direction towards its foreign relation.
In general, the following issues are the necessary issues to the national interest in insuring the
economic, political and social stability inside and outside the state, but, the foreign policy could not
give especial emphasize on. This mean that, there is a policy gap in some areas, the foreign relation
policy did not adequately take into account their impacts on internal and external problems and on
national security and survival.

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There is policy gap on the issue of water resources: - water is a critical issue among the Nile Basin
member countries. And the majority source of the country-cross river is originated from Ethiopian
highlands. But the country is not beneficiary as compared like with Egypt and Sudan. In this case,
there is not detail policy direction towards all member countries about this issue.

Policy direction towards Eritrea is not strategic: - Eritrea is the only neighbor country which has
been creating a border conflict with Ethiopia. To avoid this conflict, the foreign relation policy
towards Eritrea should give special attention based on legal border demarcation.

The policy disconsidered the issue of Environmental protection: - due to seasonal change, there is
high migration of wild animals across the neighbor countries. Then, to safe the natural wild life,
the policy should give special attention towards each neighbor state.

Providing military support to any other state is not the detail policy direction towards neighbor
countries (like To Sudan and Somalia). Rather, it gives a priority on diplomatic assistance
depending on the threat for internal instability. But, Ethiopia is interfering more to avoid the
external political crisis than the other IGAD member states. Means, the country is acting beyond
its scope of policy direction.

The foreign relation policy direction on issue of managing illegal migration and illegal trade
across the countries is not included.

The policy is silent on the significance of Diasporas on nation-building. The role of the foreign
policy on attracting Diasporas to invest on their origin should consider. Because, the country
should become comfortable on its policy direction to create pleasant environment not only to
foreigners but also Diasporas.
9. Conclusion
it is due to lack of an effective foreign relation policy that the greater Horn of Africa regions is infested
by economic, social, political and security dilemmas, which demand serious academic investigation
and common practical solution. The commonality of problems demands some form of regional
economic, trade, political, security cooperation and revalidation with the assistance of international
community.
The interplay among power, security inclusions and marginalization in the nation-states of the region
needs to be addressed in order to reduce the tendencies towards extremism, fundamentalism and
terrorism in countries towards each other has a significant role in creating friendly relation among
themselves.
It is true that the region has shared history, culture, natural resources and governance. However,
increasing intrastate and interstate conflicts and war fed by international terrorism and great power
involvements pose a challenge to national and regional stability and development. In Ethiopia based on
its foreign policy, attempts have been made to resolve the outstanding problems through dialogue,
negotiation, and discourses at states initiatives, regional and continental institutions arrangements and
even involving the international communities.
AAU, EAC, IGAD, COMESA and NEPAD are all attempts to address the economic and political
imbroglios which characterize the region and the continent. Ethiopia has been formulated its foreign
relation policy towards these governmental and none governmental organizations.
Ethiopia as African state is playing a key role in stabilizing its national interest and the environment in
general. But, there are challenges in which the policy could not give priority to the national interest of
the country. And it should involve the issues like water, wild life and environmental protection and
illegal migration. Besides, the policy should have attracted the attention of Diasporas by making
pleasant investment opportunity. The foreign relation policy towards Eritrea needs political adjustment
based on the involvement of the societies on the border issue.
10. Recommendations
As a literature, foreign relation and security policy is a systematic arrangement of state’s national
interest in their relations with other states. The setting of national interest takes in to consideration
different variables of national and international characters. The internal character contain variable such

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as economic power, military strengths, natural endowment, level of technological development,
geographical location, e.t.c, which are some to mention. So, the foreign affairs and security policy and
strategy of Ethiopia should consider in detail about the national interest and survival on its policy
significance direction towards all states.
The struggle against international terrorism in the region needs the concerned efforts of all nations at
national, regional, continental and global levels, regional and national initiatives are crucial in taking
this new political terrorize in the greater Horn of Africa.
The antiterrorism fight should not compromise good neighborliness, regional cooperation, security,
human rights, democracy and development. And, Ethiopia’s political commitment has a greater
advantage to the environment, but the military commitment should not beyond the scope of the foreign
affairs and security policy direction.
In general, to assure long lasting security and survival, democracy, economic development and
political and social stability within the nation and outside the nation, the following are the
recommendation of researchers.

The revised foreign relation policy direction towards Eritrea should include on the general and
formal policy. Unless, the ruling party in Eritrea could not stop its political interruption on Ethiopia
and in the horn of Africa.

The policy should consider the issues of water resource, natural wild life protection.
Especially, the right of Ethiopia to become a beneficiary on its water resource without external
influence should realize practically. The policy is subjected to have a detail policy direction
towards each member like, Nile Basin Initiatives countries.

The policy should able to attract foreign direct investors by making push factors on different
investment sectors.

Ethiopia, as a member of international communities like IGAD, is the first the first state in
scarifying its resources to insure peace and stability across the horn and Africa and the world; and
this should in a manner of national survival and interest. Means, the state should minimize the
military engagement on the neighbor countries like Sudan and Somalia beyond its policy
direction.

There are illegal movements of people across the nations and to avoid this, the policy should
able to reply these challenges.

The policy should promote the market opportunity of the country between neighbor countries
without interfering the interest of others.
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IRJBM – (www.irjbm.org) Volume No – VIII, November – 2015, Issue – 13 Page 94

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