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    EVS Book - DU (Aecc)

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    EVS Book - DU (Aecc)

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    sadhyabaranwal
    208 views134 pages
    Du CBCS EVS book

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    Du CBCS EVS book

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    208 views134 pages

    EVS Book - DU (Aecc)

    Uploaded by

    sadhyabaranwal
    Du CBCS EVS book

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf
    of 134
    SS OOO SEC EEEEEEEEE using 6 AY Enhance Con icra Contents "Cerna al rahe ihr Hc Prete Dad Prefer mer ion ‘rota Taching Mead 12 ‘tn aon Sta {32 Tetmroomentand tse 123 ancy termes nr od ate nae (sncronice 13 Comping he Eee 152 tee 13 thoger 130 ogee 135 Rll Cy Bement pes 14 eget agree tonne als 17 Spend Inprce 1g pit how Ronen > TET "Ny Dine Monae Ses Delp te tsa Thera be SS Eulet feet or Sine Liye 134. Envnnenl bccn od Eden Stl Deepen — ‘eee especie 145 eneea Cone Egy Bruel conser Coane Slabs or Favret Sain See tle a 241 Eedogéal cceun ao fooetees bese =a seit 323, Deen ones TF nciowetnne irtewtoetter a i Seen 353, Growing See {nda lage Brest 3 ope bo CST "aen Pater ltl eeray Hage Inna leg drat Nato OT nampa nd dome Spc ota ee ssreresues une aves veg ssarre cee ne senneeaee 492" Keyone Species an conse 433, Keytone Resource td em Ung Ay" rata {42 Peching Whale ‘40 Haman de Cots 44 Bop leon 443. Coneraton ot Bert (ns 45 Heayem and Baer Servis 150” Eedogal eres 152, Elon ie 53. Set Veo Blog esy 54 balan rl Vesa ey $55. Aerie ae Pre waren (CP). 457, Opto ave xvamen alin 1 Emon oben 312 Clacotvotutoe 513 ttecratPtuion 51a Count rites 52 Aran SEI pet ert S21, ClnralAeran 523, Hct peppy on Aisa 524. cs ofhetolopen Condonren A Paton 525. Meco arate os ng Onions 526 teow arate ona 52 cual ai ios Seabee 52h Cond err oon S28 Arrunoon inde Sh) Cletalcr tie 533, war Dee Canny Apts hoe) Sh Thee er Quy atone ns Re SUP pets rtinon 342, Cael So Degdion S43 wots Depo S44 Chien Dopaton heme ann SE ype Chel Pate 532 Clot Cuca rare 533. tfewratchomca alsin 554 ConmtetChonca hn 535 lp Gmcosron and Romascaton ee are S82 Cavan 583. ie afte Raat SE Chel ne re iton Nace Haran Hama Heh Rk Se Wat age S21 "ratennlanp Sd Wate Dap rl ener ian nds ai ase tien nd re Sa ae SS Soo Wate fey Medals SS Speer St Dead mS We Manges ‘Conard Wae Ps S111 ae nde Preeti Pon ‘Climate Change Gob Warming, Onn aye Delton, cd a and Ingen aman Commuted gare oo Sina coe oo ak SS Once Be S25 tpn am Communi Agee oT rn Pn At 98) S32. Arrest au Ce Pate) 98 S33. emer tecnn nots en a 7) S35 Nets S35 ian Cane dete Pca a ‘Trl opts and Rs 2 man de Contin Cet 71 Haman Ppton ad Genet 22 Caton Fp eseleent an Real Prec Ace ean ‘ter Manage Exiga fare Soe Emon cs Rtn ter Ran ‘aes Sy Common Pat ec ds Stuy oie cote ella eld Va a eld itt Des Re Introduction to Environmental Studies ear ches ‘eae ee a eet oat een sentaeet p ‘covaiteseonpepien na ote Stet pe SSpetmateatt nue 4.4_ INTRODUCTION ‘atone tes de with ry ht ning ge ath i ‘heady fer rntontp ewes nigSsr andnpee coeet ‘Senay equ maispiry apr at tg bt pect tie ‘eided hemp of hms egy ‘anoyyed nether seething parte usin ‘oma human ton stable wing ete route compen ‘Sd al trl nal ene sch logy roy em Spe np See TGR shag, cat yl ey Pac Cowal mo tet lt ened ene Sule Tesoge tal raed oun ita 1.2. THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Undeunig the enue an be api on Oncol th cnn nat ott sain crept ‘rt chemo pyc whl ssl wes sry rn an cw Pt ‘Seca andpbaton cont ae + sna oa dor oe SEERA Se eth dh pan anima hela rad Se rma chan ond cr penpete Nanome Fe ee cy aces heen nd emi Fe erase, nd omshome ewe pgp 1.21 Need for Public Awareness. conan ete ae sey a smaig ser tbeSne Wine set ramet pro lt aceary ea op ncn reve of erent aan strc ut sources o ptr at ado plaon nd degton oe ‘Shennan ie pale Po A et ncmerts ed eon angen ee ucts snd nnn po aca dee yen oie 2 ‘euCSnppaned mote Th i ou a a Son-conerenal Orpeiaion (NCO) aa ee se caienmenl mute yo mht seinen Pl ae pret putin oh as ited pip fsa ad we ned operate wt EE Saetanet od Non Governed Opninns ering toward enone cn carom on ore r: Thyhrd» Bowe tongues me nfo conten cong eee nll weet concrn Su ur vironment ad chang te SE et ee ete ne shal om mall bcharoar puters emroaenaly ‘indy pice rd ane eho 2 ayn ora CS reste and sap or eit abe 13). ‘@heaner— Septgao 4.2.2. The Environment and its Stakeholders arly un Eres pees near ie eo Poe rvounctl sat uel ea cay) ee aod at pti opposes hd pry, caption oe ae ahd sd wate managemc uggen beet lit: erry cat ho ye trl ey) nt he malo ‘me inkages been ses nd ih haa ‘rand eet ery om coped whe Sicciuascaauaan ca ‘Tao ts gad mb angen the Gomera: ee wo acne eo rere aren lily eg {pate are andetanig the ner esp een pce and habe ey ‘ere nv iid nd rn hs enh ‘hc amlouton nd bao tors and an eran mviemmentlos Sno reed nana pep are who se a interes ‘ncn the eveemen son thm a pts eae ale rl We sn se ‘rice ny ne cmon a vive ang tht hemany Canes hot ‘teed aie atone of my en neh ce Tradtont inert hes Ase propo ple she hve expr knoe ofthe ow omen cgay sel ues, en dof uae oad = ~ ~~ > » » ~~ . ~ ° ° ° > > > > , , , rene near ee tt See eaac ssc, the ate the ltt nd se manage SiSomes thors caer ri tabs pron ce Rr sre Se False ieee eee ne eres ornament wae hncn arene ain nese ete eee ae a eaters ent eg pnt Fa ade ene cy Se Se emu Antares amano gm cso abe Sole eared Pen a me nn Caer ee ntycatteoroctmat remem wa Toe evn nny ra tei ned on hr scutes resem ase Soran gion eaees 1.23 Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change (MoEF and Co} ‘ep ray cnr he aig patna he 18 coma of hors ra Yn nig em or ra ‘ete el aan ot Kn pny mea ed ‘nd Degen (UNCED! The ity erased thn el es ‘Sivarhe Conon on Satine pen {CD}, Cal tame Fay hh arn tes the Scone a Sl Cer ao as eae nh ep ery oi Inrmaton Sytem (ENVIS) wan ete tyke nro tn Te VS chars omg tapenade thet tocar thread et clear sane iter ann onscncta say etcmnne, Che Chae and Co 1.9_ COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT core le ae cee t= Sis enh soa I See tt oe oe ae Ss moe mit Dees taper bem the be one pat (SS au ome Sateen io oes + Sapman cbr de, dylan animal Sect fh amosprre "Be smophre a teciesl o te ith {The amor nome nag 2% yen ad the emaing 18 i snare rons, vapor an eam Str ter beach ‘eo bum, mane ron opm nd con Th yr ed me ‘ev yer The toe ne the pre eens opt 29m.Meomas SRea¥ a hema eh The pt sec cw y oss ‘Seah a aie. Th ne ie oa her the op Te "contest opt mum ens oso. sal ie opp Atte pa he pepe. ere ary oh + Th Bounkay wee emer tiled the upp The mppaie ‘ut eal te opnger a he oping oh sre chs ed hereto he pee xen Soy sehen Whe ‘soe st tne pase pct oon a pete ecg ene tap iaceehes «oma ee ee Sree een ca nearest _ Seen antenna rion atest tanec "an inane Rant naman sam eager ot ‘sie maatncerenbeinaas bee ‘Stes aetna pe 1.92. Hydrosphere Tender pen Seta er rin whichis uti element al rng pene, {ye ring ng op pec Sletten ese ‘co om eats ures ng cee ea fae mo down fe va gsc a ry hgh 4. There nde pace osane ‘ta ee dng the ar em inte ct The eh we er tances erp bonged Same of ech ws anon Wate lito thes he eh foment es depend th iy IEE Mc rns pe ol ea a th 1.9.3. Lithosphere Telthopere pode {el wath conan ich heb fr pee, Lert atone ral + aa ands undead urs wh pone pone or ahike ag ‘machinery ny andrea ok ng desing care hh ea down lan ne wl eavyugaaraee ttt >» i Nestotachen asa otc ct te ‘*Silimectieme ccnp a See etry fremont cranes arta Picetemeeecntg perc Soe ease eon Sees heya keane 1.24 Biosphere ‘Being tpt rae roe {oder mse whch De aimee pec command rm od ‘ethan rsh hin ic can ct Win the wt, ‘rian ol andthe ing ees rm he ct nd econ eg nt tepheran cnn pant gel eet Win men hse ‘Seraedy bey snappy ad uc cade tcomn ot ‘denial ab ddr coretc dicet eplel Win e ‘ae tgp us canbe ene on boat end an {open nner nh pes since chro snnapecr erp ‘tts thsf aco snes en nn ay ilrnge eke ig sn snes pol) cs no timeim any econo The stat! tres od nce ose depth nd the aly tena Tae periphery te llow yr nd depp he pnd ch ose scam. oa vaning rel cop a oc he Spi pd Tose igi nd 1.3.5. Natural Cycles Between the Spheres “Thee oop ae cy ened ens ad depend oa he egy fh ther Dating se te phere alte The oc me ma in Ie ots Fringe the smepre hype sn uprooted Soh epson ten cect teed [emf crsion nore mis yesh cree a perc venetian ind abo best dv eck ta The mat sen sod ops he ten ‘te amos th ype sth nro a th nn Fa 12 Seemann Ing npninsin be bere the her Ag apains wsh exo anh ly itched eed inh rie ‘ies Tepe ring eerie cnn ae one Soe <==rco_- 1.4 SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 1.4.1. Scope and importance {sy he sta ry fhe te whch wee ral that ur rm tee element Moto net ape tha hae fen aly id 6 ran ‘ens in loge ener Bat ee tn owe cr mt eo ‘om runt igs Thee tre Seema on patna sch ee ot dates sets ue sro which ney te the ace oedema conan tn ima “lpg rv enn i poe seen tu usa ces beth Ne ‘Bina eden tts Ue facet sey ae pce re he pu 0 ar or sis pt ha me sur coe eee by sheet of opal menses ae os psn te a lee an per Seip mere poate ste cae san ae ‘Ee mains rigs arin rape at sn ecpg many pre ‘Tension po Ath htorspeeme path pan ood Sm ray ot pet he Indune deropmen snd acne cre tht provide the goo Soa ices Sherrer aegeenmmanais 7 e Sa (ina conn cay a oT | potash scl qty at he sn i be oneness be ‘Ete nls becomes pron pre ou elas yer SOG 4 Ah Te ‘erry cneroton whch meres esters nds b aaah Sumy, gf heed a soy coals etree compe The heed teed ypc on mein cron ch nda bly sel © omer te ea o oma wnat, egal xcs 8 RS Hd "hl nats a 2 rong see fem is fom anceties hh ip adalat theca nt hing peda cept Flop ice onthe nev hompngat sas der sbn Noe Snyper ee ed itech pce hig so pa arc aya bg The ema neh pte cane feed pss 80 Scee for dears wee ret sv cues Bui ‘eed al moe lange mares theorem a {Tt of we hanced ed ay cyst Hd can sep pdt ae eh {eyo sina em Mapha leedtrleya apenel at Act tcl mies wrped he ged amar dees Bey coer a that been prot nda aha dey for an tas ot een Sosa ‘cre dclersnthe mba Soe heuer i rr ap te anopsee owee tly wee a psd when the oty he bl ef han dt nar rte cecal Ts fo ea tepeanyth can 197s and 80s aed hese sie aeons evo geet eae tem ein hho pc ol oleae a ‘etorstmon This Tel fcetng th po cena iat hap el tact Soden ebm net ded ron ca nee ene nd ica orn the nssen. Out how tg sas at sa ens ‘rads anew wa thinking abot he aisle an ee ton ob ara Seg cn etter ‘heecnomicid scl concer abn hn cette tsp femienentleduston, White ees pet asaya bene ‘own theca aang ts intranet Stabe 1 aes fond omnes, {Sep concer rte ements 4 linge ton othe coment and conservation ete pre on ara cl etn na nae rlopme As usa fares the mat Se ogee vee ‘hus thst way ts olbk son ar tse al ey get ‘Sain comer wachang oe wie Scyecmr eo eat {del cee sae " Seer ein rather 2 Unkotwarmdfot wee wths enue { Anprecation ome snl wrt ‘Suge: Eavioament ection (rom the 2010) «Keeping the cmrnmest cess png are {Armen plats amon ba ean they mn atlases {Nt nt pi sangre rer piso cated ad ty sing od sherry ‘sere and her tanconnta Sepes Preven eminent sted de memes tometer m eee Saas Searraces See orca re, ie mire Geigo "17 bam Se SE it cyninepa ona 1.52 The Neod for Sustainable Lifestyles ‘Te gue otha ean coy ron athena of he set ‘nde per ae imam alee th Hama open hes The aa te {Paiyanetonnera re mae ian me Tyan Sed psn nner peng 1.5.3. Equitable Use of Resources for a Sustainable Lifestyle edig te unsustainable and cp we furs and cringe pple rom ‘sic appr that we derive fom sare ot ded ely tage te wld ot Sine ies. cece amt on te ‘sich thn wh ate Spent isetay on og un ‘cine fee epi atral cesTey rst egy compare ot ‘heures tan andes see spp ene ces an nds tay eran rey tt ceil we ens many ‘Secs tanh ace oe boughs oa ‘Simone ecm =i ep ieee he hs so hae na dng, Haman ‘iene re ind ean ar sr ed mee ee | ndntdenen de sence pa one ace Se a ‘ena ut in iy roe ane nits An Apr atatd ick pronase Hemphad satires pe ean os aes ek ‘emule nach 9 he a coy nhs ejnion sae ee SSE sesh ean a ag “Eire ders bagel ye nsungtin be 20, tame Ss eee ntet inept | EEE mo ce pemnueamanamtor Sen sae SSS Sse a creees Soares moe ot + Miso aden to alk on fsa rl deeopment he Wo Conseation Se Siemens tebatcrare, <=, Semel tte et eye ttn ot ‘Who pas othe cot of evionmental dean? Mest scion of ty do ot el (Sve sce of gd of tema tl so ae See maraled ws soScy remo sled ySersatan oe eo pnd rts, rhe eran ‘ca wrt suces Al ec eect can be ke 0 nen until rae on Aeon aur reouces Tn sbcren who se Spenet on ems te nd ‘al pepe oa and cach ctr retry ale yt Sadat of ur Gut Cente, Food beeen retype fret nd pst whee seen cn omen peng nds ser cen the esate de Tow fer amael wt exmy ag wes poe kt enone eto fr he satages erected pop os emonmetl ection moe an anne “kai Agarwal Hana Natar ners 2 Td Worl Cou 4.5.4. Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development— the Ditforent Perspectives rear ttben ders who af emoved from he ref matress that sa thee an eee Tal dengel coves ekcaon prune rea te ural Tent te rural people have ep ht ering the ed o waa eo ara ea etic meted conservation tne a eal ewe Eon roa 0 eye rte ese Tt al e Seapets mt si Sey fe Spee ee ees Saath ae ne sere eka at rn Sitbomcee nr etbperehioneneuemmarereme at Serene nent sshd ig pn el ee ened Soe sem het snes ‘pd ly ey Mes ee ed Cet ‘iaeerioreeunsaees ret te ear eS yin lt ary Sea ard Saectyeraecetanmges rember Settee sine eves espe tt SSUMTA Seite anon imme 1.55 The Need for Gender Equity ‘vet tnd especialy a he rl cos men wk age how than me. Te Meo Spwoane noe eey tat ae ne eb se (eo ery ans tw pce heya cles oer tle) oct igesewralkometes tech sent ea ate sce Rd eae ‘ok mea asmoky whey amon aud eo cop nd nial ane he econo aceboy “Ie eps the quo af wo shold con the enone ous of com Und tenes eho pays manning be ia ones seer eee ian ey halon ose pink ah ‘fe tlaion and sonar part trl cures who Sle te econ makes SEES Etna momen ent Benen an ul pprtanty © Sey scent ne bps nae ako set gen gts ean ae sae tc bye the tm Unless scety bps osha deepen cant HERE ferpectne ts ornate ects baer emioamen a toca isthe ramen hs cheese he A ‘ret Rinstemansedteimlee women ndteleeespserpetiob te ams, ‘eaten and ween — —— » Becherseentcer masa ric Scrat summary uric send ann inein i ‘ow pond nd es - Set mtn tance cy Tn th ae a er en 15 nora evade eae sous dept ce ‘Beacier sb tenn ena po aad creme sar f+ Ereling sound w ote ou evinament ad tes pnd epg th rl ens nc We ee vay emptor oe ‘auestions cca ema ei na reed rcmtnment serene ities - 4 apa thera gua eo vue a tsp 5S Grefeenpio rede urea apt on ce or cit Ecosystems 2.1 WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM? ‘An oto rpm ith ape and rca lance Sm, acho ore ‘Ecerosch coh mourn ps eked aver eel ‘yc cnn the stan oft etre a al eee ‘eporachmat nda arscer fr ingot pent Tne ‘Etre ei cones tht spp s communi pun ahd smal ta rans redeem then pc Candas The eg tl the spc wed oe mpone Te ie na int tytn ed at owt c ohh ogee iso paras They rac ‘jaune Liceancr ry soa poten et ae ators Ae ‘Sith dine he tron then sand eth ape “ PIiPPIPPPrAaVVT_VTA—AA ee Rt ted ns ogo in: Fr eam Bras ep Ings emigre ttm exh he nina nay az ogee wth se no SEIS Rte tcp ae ere sal anp 9 cn naar wl asco The eons fection heh Sistecar ere Siiewrerccnacms (eee ae ace SESE SiS ee ol emma iat SESS Sip oecenma one ee -sinminee rarcenasan ae mmncaner ecole i eine ue Feet bea tetecbeeeen er ia Soom 2.23 Interconnectedness in Nature—Human and Ecosystem Resources ot aoa sxe ed het oc iy stanly Tough ing eee ton ae er soy mabe ims tt ed ae ‘Ropes ct women pee mae nec ete proportion oh entree tat ila ey or ee ‘uy eter say angel angele heme owe ‘ee es ft ee ee ‘ren eran st nh bagel iin poe eh iu ha eter read we ede a ed mono ‘pore este ws pn ok she iy ots ine oh ed rn gated ofl ype tra ree sees age oc items an cee rane nthe at 2.24. Ecosystem Goods and Services remy tmnt cadet 1 Die ase es pe en oe an aes uy ‘ecnomermIeya be eagrcd 1 Shrapnel an en ey poe hc he om okctneu orb mnt le er fh ec pan ad ther toons nh ia hops oe sear th a co qu mc ‘ncn ake" fants ch ce tre ed ae, ‘sistema pation asd and re ron Sinn we alent roca + Opto emai ets fr the Sct emratmio eee toe mrp sna ‘evn compen un cme coda whisk depend he pearl enstion nd eligi nan yen eeprom he bat Pant Me ang om eae cae ee erpatd herpes mnt ‘Sim t c gnt ged we ft Soe ec ny bebe yo ‘Sins and mayb ed outa sean of grain ees contine 29. ENERGY FLOW IN AN ECOSYSTEM Sindy ye yea paa Bae sf sn eis ape ges dnc pe {Set eA te cee pelo uy es sgh Dag pci Seah ete atest ler ee poet ‘mags ans nde Gcarpntete egies heart pad al SR Say poten dees ye gh angio ‘Fests gen ty pT cored pe marr oo ich fae {Pon Gere we etn te pope acing os ee hme Those bd one ow fener tough he eat « Bader eno egies eng pati owing Dies ton fe teed wc np coreg saga us yee penn ofa « Coon ep ese ok go se ig a Sioewoyy otcboy he mee ctonet need ch eng sng {ncn anneal ageanre oumgonThecarahre intra ependon hero hich eye Orr (GRE odpm rts canes meno oe er cledecnnes «Schnee Wace hat haa se hr a fein eye ye ch ies tn een aren ee eee 4 24 FOOD CHAIN, FOOD WEB AND ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION "Tae fw The spon he pec be dept in he ro froma ta eto led car Sottero crs ! sateen a Sc ang atl cence ein fun ope s Sipe ecu nln se 25 CASE STUDIES OF ECOSYSTEMS. EES ream ne Sores * Weare anaes «Recetas ei tere 25.1 Forest Ecosystems ze fray oman of a Sry fr defn by ee Nevnlteiionitedidicts sh cet Sn, fens pp pane ein ade ore et ‘ra unsure fre eda in tea prs and wifes Teds thtmab panes pelosi ery re, ‘romeuchther The since ppv a ‘hetcnaing apes ah ret pp oe "haha fps community f mma te Steed aie ‘hat fie egten? The ac compnent tes ee oe Sr 4 + fat ds bath ge cpoee) esc ee a ‘ciple pln and acme Than 's eet Se a some ra on pata ein ot et deltas and thorn tres in atid areas oa net * Tsao ad nih imal thie the leopard and tiger ive i the forest the Ste Sets Oe tel iad op eileen eet cnn » Soot ra ee eset 2 RERISS tw ot ante het they te te tt need nie ge tte heed felon epee pei "int athe Cran gn RS nay gn stn es eye mepcien ch tees amen ete eet ee fie Ent Spe ace aa (erp ag ag wcll a Fortec i ld ts ti ee hy Sot ainsi etn Sonica ahem EAS te ous os ee Semen et Somber ay ace eer atin PSS ere tnt ae SSRoco Ie al be andes They hw sre «+ Ratt em pecs of es pt in avaryofses Fr examples wo ed Than ct pods a of et etm ae hey re cllece oh and marked. The Porte hago et rans rn fg Toy ne ‘soph ene rca ett bt No won pee ‘Store ii pee on aye apart anon tet est ‘Scena crbenthtig th a essere Carbon EDGE yb el cee oman ar stmorpee The ve on ne tee poet a ag tec oun nthe et er ‘hanno cleo dao ec nha ee em nds lal urs so chen rsa ena RS ed ect a a ‘nw psd i thse mrt ree i nd ae ‘meen dns New na ports beg ied om wd he ‘eNom nw came rm wl an > Sestateeecit Sees mat re the reas oe ot eos? ccna mers ean prc Siig arian tty om owt ncn is be le teed cra ih oe ct ware Tear fre ny once amas ero ee rat powers tel pst sont us Foch ‘Sten or mane mata ce ‘Decipher oe it stceatan, autbaos adtencring e foam go mae eae tc th oer tata he oe, ‘Sitch dc hs ee tats Ee cov ed em eat [Shuto vn hela cemary Lage part po erent ae ot by mining ad busing dame tte wv ro ee ee ee Maa irann moma ete Sic coesmen iceenennaeretiaes Spe iceceicaaicmierteeseenerere SSR nhc poh asonaly sree or ma re ates sesereprrrpeaveewzeaeaaeanstt snap leg z iets ne dy haps Eel ae Soest pte ay od my eet se a ri ein ince hh Shc otatslgeandumaranateoense ‘onan ot Pes NTP opciy meal ps sp eet ning Sintering Te ral nee pose ‘Sproat gt pat nd 252 Grassland Ecosystems ea S25 is faa nat ia rasan oonyton? ve areal ty i tthe pach ee pa whch to ei of a vets a {en er gpd ee Te a aot pee cr the ated pet ‘SST! mays ett The te aso ‘tama al etn Scene rand acs mh pes a horn (ea sewn uma th a be wo tba chr and dh och ‘i nd cs ap ee i tn od ‘ipa emesis The Sho rtd cot pte om hopes at tect abgie he She ‘rote on he Wet Ga the Nig and Anam ges Tea em ptont ‘gens el ope waren tabs singe Sresandw ingaes, ‘rodent to bean teat Cn ‘ps rnd ae forme then clings a mde in rn eet pes Same ray ete aad o the igh epi saps wit Phe ‘et ht cer slog sta no Sprains The pnd at embed 0 ‘epte es nt pema arp ‘rasstandcompositon rasa te man proses oma nach te repos ah rasan tem at ‘ede vat of pete of res nese po sod ch pce ae mor ne fo ‘Scene nnd he gh pelea pa ‘rassand unctons Smt iil hy of pond i yn a oe ‘hep nt pug an nd nitrite ging seen Ta ‘lpn todo ccna age ‘ther at toed by epee es and cnt rte Tce eto guy ‘rt nln depo tnd spent Ty aco Sed ‘sd ee hen bye pp ti pins Shes ‘ed ssa by retin grazing cesta hey eine a ener They Sadat be Uses of gassands veda Sepersbehrl shan gn the a hy pendent om Satan cca pl dl aie hen ie {Seog eer thn pr summer Gra Se atch owes ad ara. The "hao aes and bron he feta oe seh n rasan ae wed he mau ‘cod Cealads mma eq Bera of ped ora faa, They sve {htoeusefrcton Gadan Price Aes rose renal we and wie ewig Treat to grassland ecoyetoms Gala have + inte shy to por ees nae and wie. Whe oni fergie the pase se comedian ey le ween mater, Doped ans fave fewer grasses the uns pee oetly wed py the as amber of domestic smal snr thw wate oes. the ae amr of resi {imal feds th nature he plan’ scored fedora The [Bund oe nth connie permanent pre eely 1% ea Agere Opn 205) nthe Dewan, gland ave en converte org me ad nw many wed 0 Sine nd wes yur ope to parang lie a Now rey, a oh el psn cs ae bene ot inal ca This provi sbtem ecnu s brn ag em comi andlopl| ‘om ote fan acts sh re aa at ane ety When fr ae he Ste hh mal gen rach mah {sco this dane ton quent the pani aor Ply te pans Sco compel angio ely Sr mann septal te salin pce Maco snd od doe eT 1 fecponatan a BE loro yer hed pr nyc ee ~» ~e ~ — 2 > = - ~) ° 40 torn Sis {pte emace ey map fo xcand ne and os nat our rasan sanpear? Men pte ae eee we wt hy pales 9 hh as ‘aman emai meses. ain. te pop ‘ge Etc fea yf ra ofa a aan ind The es of sil gem ery be ety hw pes ew mee onl wal ToS fom pnt pas hep ts es la ed ‘Spero oe ye dei ra of ost as A ow can gras ecoytoms be conserved? ‘rand sald ot ener Yan, ceri es shad be sl ging ony hsb ca po rl fg oe an sawn ee Hn Wiehe ete psn ud ogy In ly ea al watt ‘ogee! nc mash wi fw sn or os aa Wp edhe eyo, pr nnd gid won i ein ‘Scents Grade shoul ot be converted ina patos of es. Than gras Eee ee ag re na ents wo do? al inh yu acy cn gt how «+ rms ch sie Hck dara a de ch te Grea ‘tn nSoncenb so They marae fe an fod wines to aver pd at «Trond tren cata herp mtb operat epg bet lertaning chow fone pone «Meee tne nam ang pole th rand ae of gt alu wate ‘Stee tt reg fra be wnt wie Gert «+ Keppel py 253 Desert Ecosystems teeny deel y honcho he aes we he ripe a that ‘Scope Te tnd elo econ synth aches Watson snsanssinene | tinue Himsa dtngand cota unald tue neon mas praesent sBper indent et entities Composton of srr ecnstane ‘aecomen nigecde opt dy. ont rpetenor b steve ind ner wap py a te ang State meters mone ma =n "Bini nh rc owt atrieteg i mos Bus a pel ees a STERN or tr usm t of the wild 8 nda. me i ets enahah “esl tihng scan ec ante oan tame eo ete ed Function of desert conten ‘hebogockemkal ee ar been ha nema ao i ne ‘snd ap these and eae er ome ow are desert and samb-ar scotystoe weed? ‘res fant estat with em acl Ne ben orca lsd gost {psig ath a Grr sey ring nthe Ds pla Med ‘arla Ths the ine nal inst owner who ve nap te yi at "her Keine mtu emgage at ene he ed gcc non ns). Te pee pmerng an depron pn ae : rah ature Ln ann vb ny ome a he a om wb ee ‘pristine rvs hh emi: hr sa sn te en SEuAieotirdipme tpt ee ede 254 Aquatic Ecosystems Tina ttm ule | \ omnporoaiecuaae ‘const? Sete ofan squte® soaystom ‘Thespesia ae php achat te uy the eh reds yyy ne nhs es med an “evento speeded fee depth te guy and ‘hm Tan ech peda town ra Faneion of an aqua ecosystem ‘agin cit enn om cn rama hgh mae em Pond Ecosystems pe PPPPeEeQAAaa2—arAaaeeetye ~ > ‘se ~ ~ » ~ ~ e e 2 > ? ) Wen pnd tin to ang he i Me mh ae and moc sei oni ad wore hee en! hee he he i Sma ding pe sky nae cos eb ae eta he pte ep ema ong ed the See at ated ‘enon pedro eps sate orb ae Spleens ened ens the pond seh mons, «ae rm of fd chi ered The ae (pple aes by mar stepson hc ety ey {al aon hc ere cmon hep Te et een a ch ‘Ete heron on dr of prey Sgt ns ord aed he ste a ‘ete aun nti rcs cig a seal Tyo ‘etn wh bien down mens whch agate Pans acon ‘iene ein he ond “empmy pods hp ory eh in ed hong ge ee se et lem! nd rn (i) take Econytems Laker erect mayb ata orgy icy ceed he aneracon odar al ts asim rsh ong we natn wl et etm hs nal deep eign rer tp anu se ‘nd proce power peetn Tere seal peso ecg opi ‘Stoic eed ois merit a ca Tet dey spe ach \Stperency foe un Thread mrp sina ich ed ath ope ‘estou a epee nds ed Salsa ae etn by Arnon fa wth nr pred pn ye eras Some pec ‘chav th edo he eto he ay be a ety oe om ede tion det Fer pendent eae ss ae "Sgt pent the water meow pro Ike cnt we by the aun ro thou tse tare to reo sina cee at ein war ness onmue ccs vse produce whet thc tn otek nae leken db sl ash mobs od wr tha m the din eae {Turse arth ae mater ed by gute pas ort growth uring i proce, unt te ce fm CO, for her pvch sd ese eget orp he ely ‘pc nila whch here trough ie raptor em : i) Stream and River Ecosystems “Teste of owing aga nye pend onthe ate heats hog which he ‘re ows Ie ted tthe opopapy = hl dpe or ln and he rect water $iesand early ater cums in whch lvingpaname pela ict ats ow CCompositon of ecosystm Some at and ane sch ten ad ober roving sn cn whan herp ow (Sian Other pce ewes bet and aes cn ve sal noe mg wer eon Functone ote rene sstens () Marine Ecosystems ‘Struct of mane ecoryatems Svided noe capon abundant) i pita yal neigh woes ach 2 Steren scorn, The rac he oe ay fon reco e e ‘Lowe The aeons spl sls reach were Cal mee ‘Siler epoch epee ‘composton of manne ecorytens Fi cutee trte td maine mae fb cn a ater The li seat na toch sande mann tia ae ao ‘Fees Fb arssean sr ch a pip that peor ae ale ‘Cosco specs tht fr tiscali {Sr adcet omar leo it nga nt one epee he ‘Sra py ting deed lb smn ete heal and ido ‘Bound mene ps, = ee “Rite acetone taper aaa aa ance tamara eo ‘Snowe (0) Coastal Eosystem Saar of te eat Bes an be ny shy selon oF may. Thee ae ‘Str evened rey dete th een bul nae ‘Stale rps psn the sem of hewn On ech toe dere peste eect eter eet {Elon py yb nhc an er Svea iret pec oh gh ‘yee rf or eas perl Te mangoes las ave bch mate “hye ghy etn ond pore stems iach hand atacand 255. Estuary Ecosystems Ths tone be ot damian produce ofc constene fon ou West 122 Ean Te a sq th marcos wh te ona Saher pr cn vind ery Thos eng at ‘cre cages peut a hoon die Tipe of esas sonstons| ‘eso es ra nee eT, ey cone oe ssn ‘ese cmestn en Sant sesso mst toto eh tas ‘ey us ar bey ce + Notes bese eget hao and sr can wth hilo ge which are ‘ecg ofa en tae on Scepter scot cmmsin re Den Rr date el ec seme hee ws ihe a fo te fo apes Tes mena “eens refiner fbr The eh fal eh ‘hc ing od spe al tad bce sd pte oe Nii pepe on tet ed cyan pas Be ie ‘tla fer ed orang ena hven Caren oral pet nts rng eps Ny sr iy ees ‘cma ag seg sae mae wl inte se cose SEE cee pe po ee ‘rg cs hat geo comer al pce Se, atl Po sith Sense Aa ay edaphic em ae ‘arta arent cogs uc sy pte umap hoe eae rama se het ean eT manne ‘How are aque costes use? amas eater cen i wer We ed ean water dink a forthe ome a Wa ly pay ae ans ere cast spy ou ‘hcyne Apa td ety ahh caged on ee ge une wae Fret ‘lt reat sco ero ner ech lage poor hcg wie ‘shan pope by agrarian ged dr ncuron quis ry. Faber the aga cya oes en People ath and rb collated asian hace pst The ee bal ror ia ie “ine nd want come npr pei ee ‘Senne meen coe er amg Motte ited i hn ‘dada pet hh dogs ote et ia ate eto uate cote? +r ot af eet thm wate See ‘ected cp whch es emt she the en oe “Frys Finracr e o oyme ‘Sinden enna sr ans + tien com et gap che ri ad ‘oduery hat prices oc cee ‘tenon fc dnc peacoat «Seapets me oe eo ‘cr Comoe yma ocr ae mc sh aa fopecene ier weep ors + Filomena hte ga ce th i ae + Srp dba any fa sb ng em

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