HALO ALKANES AND HALO ARENES

1. Write a short note on

(a) Markownikof’s rule
(b) Kharasch effect
2. Explain why
(a) Alkyl halides gives alkyl cyanides on treatment with potassium cyanide but give alkyl
isocyanides when treated with silver cyanide.
(b) Alkyl halides form nitro alkanes on treatment with silver nitrite but form alkyl nitrites
on treatment with potassium nitrite.
3. Write saytzeff’s rule with example.
4. Write short notes on
(a) Fitting reaction (b) Wurtz- Fittig reaction (c) Wurtz reaction
5. What is Iodoform test. Give an example.
6. Why Grignard reagent should be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
7. Write Carbylamine reaction.
8. How will you convert the following:
(a) Chloro benzene to biphenyl
(b) Propene to 1- bromopropane
(c) Chlorobenzene to Aniline
9. Write the balanced chemical equations for each of the following:
(i) Chlorobenzene treated with ammonia in the presence of Cu2O at 475 K and
60 atm
(ii) Ethyl chloride treated with alcoholic KOH
10. When ethene reacts with HBr, A compound of X is formed. When compound X reacts
with sodium ethoxide then compound Y is formed along with sodium bromide.
(a) Identify the compounds X and Y
(b) Write the reactions involved.
11. Write Sandmeyers and Gattermann reaction.
12. Write (a) Finkelstein (b) Swarts (c) Hunsdiecker reactions.