NSTP 11 - MAKABAYAN

SY 2023 - 2024
Objective:
At the end of the
module, you should be
able to demonstrate
appreciation of being a
Filipino, with marked
characteristics of being
Makabayan in
thoughts, words and
actions.
Lesson 1: Nationalism and the
Philippine Constitution

• What does it mean to be Makabayan?

• This is also known as nationalism; defined

as the attitude that the members of a
nation show when they care about their
national identity; it also includes the
actions that the members of a nation take
when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-
determination.

• It is also referred to as a firm sense of

community and shared fate, capacity to
feel compassion for countrymen.
M4L1: Pre-Task: Song Reflection

• Listen and internalize the song “Ang Bayang kong Pilipinas.”

• The video as well as the lyrics are provided in your canvas, you just have to
open it on the asynchronous schedule and observe the instructions therein.

Reflection:
• After you are finished, take a few minutes of silence, what word or phrase
touches you the most? What does it tell you?

• Write it down in 2 to 3 sentences in the assignment box.

M4 L1 While Task
“Ang Bayan kong Pilipinas”(Links to an external site.) is
one of the most patriotic songs that we treasure as a
Nation. It was written in Spanish by Jose Alejandrino, a
revolutionary general. Translated into a Tagalog poem
by Jose Corazon de Jesus during 1929. It was put into
music by Constancio de Guzman and well-liked as a
protest song during the struggle of the Filipinos in the
time of Marcos dictatorship. People with courage sing it
at the 1983 funeral of Senator Benigno Aquino Jr.
This song reflects the love for our country known as
being Maka-Bayan, also known as nationalism; defined
as the attitude that the members of a nation show
when they care about their national identity; it also
includes the actions that the members of a nation take
when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-
determination.

It is also referred to as a firm sense of community and

shared fate, a capacity to feel compassion and love for
countrymen.
Check – in Activities:
There are 2 videos to watch on your asynchronous schedule :
1. General Luna
2. The story of a Filipino

Please be guided by the herein questions as you prepare your reflection

paper. Your answer shall be written in 2 to 3 sentences only per item.
Submit it in the discussion box
a. What did you learn from the videos?
b. How did you feel about the confrontation between Henaral Luna
and the Cabinet secretary?
c. What did you observe about yourself while watching?
Lesson 2. Understanding the Philippine Constitution and Its Selected
Provisions
Objective:

At the end of the

session. you should be
able to explain the
meaning, nature,
function, and state
policies of the
Philippine Constitution
M4L2 Pre-Task: My Vision Board

What is a Vision Board?

• A vision board is a visualization tool that refers to a board of any sort used
to build a collage of words and pictures that represent your goals and
dreams.
Reflection:
• Create your own vision for the Philippines 10 years from now. You can do it
old style— collage of printed pictures, clips from magazines, newspapers,
and other materials — or by using a photo collage application.
• After you are finished, take a few minutes of silence and observe your vision
board, what does it tell you?
• Submission is on the appropriate box due on Saturday, December 9, 2023.
AmBisyon Natin 2040 (Links to an external site.) is representing the
collective long-term vision and aspirations of the Filipino people for
themselves and for the country in the next 19 years. It describes the
kind of life that people want to live, and how the country will be by
2040. As such, it is an anchor for development planning across at least
four administrations.

Ambisyon means longingness, desire, or dreams. We have different

dreams as individuals as Filipino. Maybe our dreams as a student are to
finish education, but for us to achieve this, we need to study hard,
based on the right planning and put it into action.

Ambisyon 2040 is rooted in the right program policy guided by our

Constitution.
Constitution defined (Links to an external site.)…

This refers to the body of RULES AND PRINCIPLES in accordance with

which the powers of sovereignty are regularly exercised (1986
Philippine Constitution).

It is a WRITTEN INSTRUMENT by which the fundamental powers of the

government are established, limited, and defined and by which these
powers are distributed among the several departments or branches for
their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people.

It is also the rules and principles which PROVIDE DIRECTION as to the

manner of expressing one’s authority or right as a citizen.
THE PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF THE CONSTITUTIONS:
The Constitution serves as the FUNDAMENTAL LAW since IT SPEAKS ON
BEHALF OF THE ENTIRE PEOPLE, represents the will of the people to which it
derives its claim to obedience

The Constitutions establishes the BASIC FRAMEWORK AND UNDERLYING

PRINCIPLES OF THE GOVERNMENT AND ASSIGNS TO THE DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS OR BRANCHES, their respective powers and duties, and
establishes certain basic principles on which the government is founded.

The constitution EMPOWER THE STATE because it is the document that

formalizes the jurisdiction of the state over our territory and establishes the
government that will effectively exercise that jurisdiction.

The constitution GEARS THE GOVERNMENT TOWARDS SOCIAL ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT through the elimination of socio-economic inequities in
order to achieve progress, national unity, and social justice.
CONCEPT OF A BILL OF RIGHTS:

A DECLARATION AND ENUMERATION OF A PERSON’S RIGHTS AND

PRIVILEGES which the Constitution is designed to protect against
violations by the government , or by individual or groups of individuals.

IT IS A CHARTER OF LIBERTIES FOR THE INDIVIDUAL AND A LIMITATION

UPON THE POWER OF THE STATE.

ITS BASIS IS THE SOCIAL IMPORTANCE accorded to the individual in the

democratic or republican state, the BELIEF THAT EVERY HUMAN BEING
HAS INTRINSIC DIGNITY AND WORTH WHICH MUST BE RESPECTED AND
SAFEGUARDED
CLASSES OF RIGHTS:

The rights that a citizen of a democratic state enjoys may be classified into:

NATURAL RIGHTS- They are those rights possessed by every citizen without being granted by
the State for they are given to man by God as a human being created to His image so that he
may live a happy life. Ex. Right to life and right to love

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS- They are those rights which are conferred and protected by the
Constitution. Since they are part of the fundamental law, they cannot be modified or taken
away by the law –making body

STATUTORY RIGHTS- They are those rights which are provided by laws promulgated by the law
–making body and, consequently, may be abolished by the same body. Ex. right to receive
minimum wage and right to inherit property.
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS:

CIVIL RIGHTS- They are those rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private
individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness.
Ex. rights against involuntary servitude, liberty of abode, freedom of speech, of
expression or of the press.

POLITICAL RIGHTS- They are such rights of the citizens which give them the power to
participate, directly or indirectly, in the establishment or administration of the government.
Ex. right of citizenship, right of suffrage and the right to information on matters of public
concern.

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHT- They include those rights which are intended to insure the
well-being and economic security of the individual. Ex. right to property, right to just
compensation for private property taken for public use.

RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED- They are the (civil) rights intended for the protection of a
person accused of any crime, like the right to presumption of innocence, right to a speedy,
impartial, and public trial , and the right against cruel , degrading, or inhuman punishment.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES:

Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and
independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social
services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all.

Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.

Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.

Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic
autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from
conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency
and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.

Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect
their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and
nationalism and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.

Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building and shall ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of women and men.

Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by
Filipinos.
ARTICLE XIII: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Section 1. The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of

measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human
dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove
cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the
common good. To this end, the State shall regulate the acquisition,
ownership, use, and disposition of property and its increments.

Asynchronous activity – Watch the Video of Leloy Claudio

History teacher Leloy Claudio talks to Florin Hilbay, former Solicitor General
and University of the Philippines College of Law professor. He presented the
strengths and weaknesses of the 1987 Constitution and what historical event
shaped it.
Summarize the content in a piece-dot presentation, and submit it as a check-
in activity together with other requirements/assignments.
Lesson 3. The Three Branches of Government and Their Relationship to
Nationalism

Objective:

At the end of the

session, you
should be able to
value the three
branches of
government and
their relationship
to Nationalism.
M4L3: Pre-Task: "Ambisyon Natin" by: Atty. Alex Lacson

Instruction:

1. Read the presentation of Atty. Alex Lacson, "AMBISYON NATIN 2040 The
VALUES we need to realize it" (Links to an external site.) Open it in your
canvas (discussion box) as your asynchronous activity.

2. What did you discover about his presentation?

3. How do you feel about your discovery?

Submission on the appropriate box. State your answers in 2 to 3 sentences

only.
M4L3: While Task-2
To realize and put it into action it is important to recognize the
role of the government.

In most dictionaries “government” and “governance” (Links to

an external site.) are interchangeably used, both denoting the
exercise of authority in an organization, institution or state.
Government is the name given to the entity exercising that
authority. Authority can most simply be defined as legitimate
power. Whereas power is the ability to influence the behavior
of others, authority is the right to do so. Authority is therefore
based on an acknowledged duty to obey rather than on any
form of coercion or manipulation.
Weber distinguished between three kinds of authority,
based on the different grounds upon which obedience
can be established;

• traditional authority is rooted in history,

• charismatic authority stems from personality and;
• legal-authority is grounded in a set of impersonal
rules.

To study government is to study the exercise of

authority. (Heywood, 1997)
The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of
government wherein power is equally divided among its three
branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The government
seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this
system of check and balance.

The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty

resides in the people and all government authority emanates
from them.

One basic corollary in a presidential system of government is the

principle of separation of powers wherein legislation belongs to
Congress, execution to the Executive, and settlement of legal
controversies to the Judiciary.
Legislative branch.

The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal

them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into the Senate and the House of
Representatives.

The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects

Presidential appointments, and has the authority to declare war.
This branch includes Congress (the Senate and House of
Representatives) and several agencies that provide support
services to Congress.

The Senate is composed of 24 Senators who are elected at large by

the qualified voters of the Philippines.
The House of Representatives is composed of about 250 members
elected from legislative districts in the provinces, cities, and
municipalities, and representatives elected through a party-list
system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or
organizations.

The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty percent of

the total number of representatives including those under the
party list. For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this
Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list
representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or
election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural
communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be
provided by law, except the religious sector.
Executive Branch.
The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice President
who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The
Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These
departments form a large portion of the country’s bureaucracy.

The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the
President, Vice President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent
agencies, boards, commissions, and committees.

The President leads the country. He or she is the head of state, leader of the
national government, and Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the
Philippines. The President serves a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.
The Vice President supports the President. If the President is unable to
serve, the Vice President becomes President. He or she also serves a
six-year term.

Cabinet members serve as advisors to the President. They include the

Vice President and the heads of executive departments. Cabinet
members are nominated by the President and must be confirmed by
the Commission of Appointments.
Judiciary Branch.

The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving

rights that are legally demandable and enforceable. This branch
determines whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court
and lower courts.

The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to

individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution. The
judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower
courts as may be established by law.
Each branch of government can change acts of the other branches as
follows:

• The President can veto laws passed by Congress.

• Congress confirms or rejects the President's appointments and can
remove the President from office in exceptional circumstances.
• The Justices of the Supreme Court, who can overturn unconstitutional
laws, are appointed by the President.

The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of

Judicial Review as the power to declare a treaty, international or
executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order,
instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.
Lesson 4 : Understanding
the Philippine Electoral
Process (Rights of
Suffrage)
M4L4: While Task
Suffrage Defined

It refers to the right and obligation to vote for qualified citizens in the election of
certain national and local officers of the government and in the decision of public
questions submitted to the people.

Scope of Suffrage

1. Election. It is the means by which people choose their officials for definite
and fixed periods and to whom they entrust, for the time as their
representatives, the exercise of powers of government.

2. Plebiscite. It is the name given to a vote of the people expressing their choice
for or against a proposed law or enactment submitted to them.
3. Referendum. It is the submission of a law or part thereof passed by
the national or local legislative body to the voting citizens of a
country for their ratification or rejection.

4. Initiative. It is a process whereby the people directly propose and

enact Congress is mandated by the Constitution to provide as early
as possible for a system of initiative and referendum.

5. Recall. It is a method by which a public officer may be removed

from the office during his tenure or before the expiration of his
term by a vote of the people after registration of a petition signed
by a required percentage of the qualified voters.
The Holding of Elections

1. Every 2nd Monday of May for national and local elections

2. President and Vice-President : every 6 years

3. Senators, Congressmen, Provincial, City, and Municipal Officials

every 3 years

4. Every Monday of October, every 3 years for barangay and SK

officials

5. Every 3 years from March 1993-ARMM elections

Registration Defined

It refers to the act of accomplishing and filing a sworn application for

registration by a qualified voter.

Why Register?

To exercise the right and obligation to vote in the election of certain

national and local officers of the government and in the decision of
public questions submitted to the people.

To have the opportunity to choose our leaders and to be heard and be

counted.
Qualifications of a Voter
Article 5 Section 1 of the Philippine Constitution

One must be:

1. A Filipino citizen (male or female)

2. At least eighteen (18) years old of age or over

3. Have resided in the Philippines for at least (1) one year and in the
place wherein he proposes to vote for at least 6 months preceding
the election.

4. Not otherwise disqualified by law

Where to Register?
• COMELEC Office of any barangay office where one resides.

Validation for Registration

• A process wherein fingerprints of the voter would be captured
electronically at no expense for the voter.

Where to Validate Registration?

• Barangay Office where the electorate resides.

What To Do About Transferring Registration?

• Apply with the Election officer of new residence for the transfer of
registration records
• Ask to accomplish 6 application forms from the Barangay office
where one resides
Voting Practices
• Voting by popularity
• Vote-buying
Lesson 5: The Philippine Elections
M4L5: While Task
Philippine Election
• The arena in which the country's elite families compete for
political power.

• The wealthiest clans contest national and provincial offices.

• Families of lesser wealth compete for municipal offices.

• In the barangays, where most people are equally poor, election

confers social prestige
Obstacles:
• Transportation,
• To write out the names of all candidates in longhand, and,
• occasionally, the threat of violence.
• Dagdag, bawas etch.

Political Dynasty: (Links to an external site.)

• Understood as a lineage of hereditary succession to an essentially same position or various

positions at the same time.
• Family member’s one another to the position.
• Supreme Court (SC) Justice Antonio Carpio in a ruling in 2011 defined the term political dynasties
in the case of Navarro v. Ermita (GR No. 180050; April 12, 2011) as a “phenomenon that
concentrates political power and public resources within the control of a few families whose
members alternately hold elective offices, deftly skirting term limits.”
Kinds of Political Dynasty (Mendoza et al.) (Links to an external site.)

• Thin – successive A “thin” dynasty is a political clan that only has two members –
like a father and son – swapping certain positions, as when a mayor-father, at
the end of his maximum three terms, lets his son, who may also have reached
his three-year term either as vice mayor, councilor, provincial governor or vice
governor, running for each other’s position
• Fat dynasty monopolizing power is an undesirable situation, as checks and
balances among elected officials in a certain local government are difficult if
they are all from one family.

Check - in Activity
• For better understanding of the above concept; kindly watch the (Mendoza et
al.) (Links to an external site.) in your canvas during asynchronous session. Write
in 100 words your insights on the presented topics in the video. Submission of
output on the appropriate (Discussion) box due on Saturday, December 9, 2023.
Lesson 6:

The Elected Leaders

as Servant Leaders
M4L6 While Task
• The servant-leader is servant first. It begins with the natural
feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious
choice brings one to aspire to lead.

• That person is sharply different from one who is leader first,

perhaps because of the need to assuage an unusual power drive
or acquire material possessions.

• The leader-first and the servant-first are two extreme

types. Between them there are shadings and blends that are part
of the infinite variety of human nature.
Expressions of a Servant Leader:

“YOU ARE IMPORTANT” – considers everyone’s capacity to share and

contribute ideas and opinions.

“I TRUST YOU” – listens to the words and wisdom of others in the group.

“YOU ARE A LEADER TO ME” – provides opportunities for growth and

development in leadership among members.

“IF YOU ARE BURDENED WITH OTHER THINGS OTHER THAN YOUR JOB,
FEEL FREE TO COME TO ME” – sensitive to the personal issues and
concerns of members which may have a direct or indirect effect in his/her
assigned job.
“DON’T WORRY, YOU CAN DO IT” – motivates and encourages
members of the group.

“PLEASE CONSIDER THIS...” - presents options, does not dictate.

“THIS WILL HELP US IN THE FUTURE.” – plans with members on long-

term basis , not on a short-term basis.

“I WILL NOT BE LIKE THIS IF IT WERE NOT FOR YOU.- shares credits
and accomplishments with members, does not only think of
himself/herself when the group experiences success in their activities.
(Inspired by the article written by Skip Prichard, posted January 2013.)
Good Governance

Governance typically involves well-intentioned people who

bring their ideas, experiences, preferences and other human
strengths and shortcomings to the policy-making table.

Good governance never depends upon laws, but upon the

personal qualities of those who govern. (Frank Herbert) The
machinery of government is always subordinate to the will of
those who administer that machinery. The most important
element of government, therefore, is the method of choosing
leaders.
Good governance is often used to describe the desired
objective of a nation-state’s political development. Good
governance is anti-corruption; authority and its institutions
are accountable, effective and efficient, participatory,
transparent, responsive, consensus-oriented, and equitable.

Some characteristics attached to good governance are

participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent,
responsive, and effective and efficient. The views of minorities
are considered and that the voices of the most vulnerable in
society are heard in decision-making. It also responds to the
present and future needs of society.
Characteristics of Good Governance
1. Participation
People’s participation is a key cornerstone of good governance. Participation could be either
direct or through legitimate intermediate institutions or representatives.

Representative democracy does not necessarily mean that the concerns of the most
vulnerable in society would be taken into consideration in decision making. Participation
necessitates freedom of association and expression on the one hand and an organized civil
society on the other hand.

All men and women, inclusive of the physically challenged, should have a voice in decision-
making, either directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their
interests. Such broad participation is built on freedom of association and speech, as well as
capabilities to participate constructively. Participation is a process whereby policy-making,
prioritizing issues, accessibility to public goods and services and also allocating resources is
influenced by key stakeholders. It varies from one context to another and is subject to
different projects and visions. Participatory processes in a poverty reduction strategy promote
information exchange and transparency in decision-making processes.
2. Transparency

Transparency means that decisions taken, and their enforcement are

consistent with rules and regulations. It also means that information is
available and accessible to those who will be affected by such decisions and
their enforcement. Enough information is provided using understandable
forms and media.

3. Responsiveness

Good governance requires that institutions and processes serve all

stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.

Institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable

timeframe.
4. Effectiveness and efficiency
Good governance speaks of processes and institutions that produce results which are
responsive to the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their
disposal. In the context of good governance, efficiency also covers the sustainable use
of natural resources and the care and protection of the environment.
5. Accountability
The key requirement of good governance is accountability. Government organizations,
private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to the public and to
their institutional stakeholders. Accountability, however, varies depending on
whether decisions or actions taken are internal or external to an organization or
institution. An organization or an institution is accountable to those who will be
affected by its decisions or actions. Accountability cannot be imposed without
transparency and the rule of law.

(Watch video presentation“ Inang Bayan, Isang Bayan” by Father Albert Alejo, SJ
during asynchronous schedule and write your insights as you relate it to good
governance concept. Please follow submission procedures)
Announcement:

Our next synchronous meeting - December 4, 2023 is set

for a 20-item quiz all about Module 4. Go directly to the
quiz box and click it to access the exam. No extension
and I will not give any extension to those who failed to
take it on time. Once done you may submit it thereto
and leave the class. Good luck.