APLIKASI META THEORI PADA TEORI FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

The Environmental Theory Theoretical Sources Education: Nightingale is a very good mathematician (a nurse statistician) and a philosopher. Her aunt Mai describes her as "a woman with great mind." Literature: Her political inclinations were from the ideologies of Stanley Herbert (family friend). Dicken's novel "The Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit", a novel with a that portrays a victorian drunken, untrained and inexpert nurse causes an stigma and bad impressions about nurses. The novel greatly affects her beliefs about being a nurse and pursue the battle to change the negative stigma about nurses. Intellectuals: Political leaders like John Stuart Mill, Benjamin Jowett, Edwin Chadwick and Harriet Marinue greatly affects and influence her beliefs of changing things as she viewed as unacceptable to society. Religious Beliefs: For Nightingale, an action for the benefit fo others is called "God's Calling". As stated in her diary, "God spoke to me in silence and he called me to services" - DUM VIVIMUS, SERVIMUS. Use of Empirical Evidence She uses the polar diagram (statistical diagram) in her reports, books and letters. She is a very good researcher and a great statistician. According to Palmer, Nightingale has a very excellent research skills, she is good in recording, communicating, ordering, coding, conceptualizing, inferring, analyzing and synthesizing. Her focus is on the observation of social phenomena. She highlighted the use of observation and the performance of tasks in the nursing education. Major Concepts and Definitions Environment - concepts of ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness and noise. She focus o the physical aspect of environment. She believed that "Healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care."

5 essential components of healthy environment: 1. pure air 2. pure water 3. efficient drainage 4. cleanliness 5. light Concerns of Environmental Theory 1. Proper ventilation focus on the architectural aspect of the hospital. 2. Light has quite as real and tangible effects to the body. Her nursing intervention includes direct exposure to sunlight. 3. Cleanliness and sanitation. She assumes that dirty environment was the source of infection and rejected the "germ theory". Her nursing interventions focus on proper handling and disposal of bodily secretions and sewage, frequent bathing for patients and nurses, clean clothing and handwashing. 4. Warmth, quiet and diet environment. She introduce the manipulation of the environment for patient's adaptation such as fire, opening the windows and repositioning the room seasonally, etc. 5. Unnecessary noise is not healthy for recuperating patients. 6. Dietary intake. 7. Petty management proposed the avoidance of psychological harm, no upsetting news. Strictly war issues and concerns should not be discussed inside the hospital. She includes the use of small pets of psychological therapy. Nursing Metaparadigm Nursing Nursing is very essential for everybody's well-being. Notes on nursing focus on the implementation and rendering efficient and effective nursing care. Person The patient is the focus of the environmental theory. The nurse should perform the task for the patient and control environment for easy recovery. She practice nurse-patient passive relationship. Health Health is the being well and using every power that the person has to the fullest extent. A healthy body can recuperate and undergo reparative process. Environmental control uplifts maintenance of health.

Environment People would benefit form the environment.