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Easy-To-Understand

Algebra Mastery At Home With Confidence & Ease

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PDF Takeaways - The Frameworks for Long-Term Math Success

Algebra 1 – Quadratic Functions

49 Visual-Design Slides

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About James Sousa and Resources

James Sousa is an experienced Mathematics Instructor at Phoenix College with a teaching career spanning
over 25 years. He has expertise in teaching a wide range of math subjects, from basic arithmetic to advanced
Calculus III and beyond. James is dedicated to enhancing student success by reducing educational costs and
improving the accessibility of course resource materials.
To support his commitment, James has developed an extensive library of over 3,500 math tutorial videos.
These videos cover various math topics and serve as valuable resources for students at all levels.

At iFUVi, James's videos undergo an innovative transformation, incorporating FUVI visual-design summary
slides for enhanced accessibility and understanding. You are invited to freely download and utilize these
valuable takeaways in PDF format as they provide the frameworks for long-term Math success.

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Description
DESCRIPTIONS
Arithmetic
This comprehensive resource consists 101 - Whole
of 49 Foundational Numbers
slides dedicated to Quadratic Functions. Each
slide presents a key concept or example, accompanied by step-by-step explanations from the teacher,
fostering a complete understanding and mastery among students.

These foundational slides serve as the full frameworks for mastering Quadratic Functions at home, enabling
students to quickly engage with the content and skillfully extend their comprehension towards success in
problem-solving, critical thinking, and real-world applications.

With these foundational slides, students have the necessary tools to solidify their understanding and
achieve mastery in Quadratic Functions.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 GRAPHING QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS IN GENERAL FORM 5 - 18

2 GRAPHING QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS IN STANDARD FORM 19 - 29

3 DETERMINING EQUATIONS OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS 30 - 34

4 QUADRATIC FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS 35 - 39

5 QUADRATIC FUNCTION APPLICATIONS 40 - 53

200 5 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form
Steps to Graph the Quadratic Function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c ( a ≠ 0 )
a > 0 ⇒ opens upward b
1 x=−
2a
a < 0 ⇒ opens downward f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

2 The y-intercept is (0, c) b a>0

(xn , f(xn)) (− - xn, f(xn))
a
b
Symmetry line: x = − b
3 2a y-int (0, c) (− , c)
a
Vertex: b b
− ,f −
2a 2a
(x-int) (x-int)
4 Set f(x) = 0 ⇒ solve for x-intercepts
Vertex: − b , f − b
b b 2a 2a
5 Additional points (− , c), (xn , f(xn)), (− - xn, f(xn))
a a
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200 6 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 1
Graph f(x) = x2 – 4x – 5 a = 1, b = –4, c = –5
1 a = 1 > 0 ⇒ opens upward f(x) = x2 – 4x – 5
x=2
a=1 > 0
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, –5)
(–1, 0) (5, 0) x
b
Symmetry line: x = − = 2
2a
3
Vertex: (2, f(2)) = (2, –9)
(0, –5) (4, –5)

4 f(x) = 0 ⇒ 0 = x2 – 4x – 5 = (x – 5)(x + 1) (1, –8) (3, –8)

⇒ x-intercepts: (5, 0), (–1, 0)
Vertex: (2, –9)
5 Additional Points: (4,-5), (1,-8), (3, -8)
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200 7 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 2
Graph f(x) = –2x2 + 10x – 7 a = –2, b = 10, c = –7
1 a < 0 ⇒ opens downward
5 11
Vertex: ,
2 2
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, –7)
b 5 (1, 1) (4, 1)
Symmetry line: x = − =
2a 2
3 f(x) = –2x2 + 10x – 7
5 5 5 11
Vertex: , f = , a = –2 < 0
2 2 2 2
(0, -7) (5, -7)

5 Additional Points: (5, –7 ), (1, 1), (4, 1) x=

5
2

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200 8 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 3
Graph f(x) = x2 – 4 a = 1, b = 0, c = – 4
1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward x=0 f(x) = x2 – 4
a=1>0
(–3, 5) (3, 5)
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, –4)
b
Symmetry line: x = − = 0
2a
3
Vertex: 0, f 0 = (0, –4) (–2, 0) (2, 0)

f(x) = 0 ⇒ 0 = x2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2)
4 ⇒ x = 2 or x = –2 (–1, –3) (1, –3)
x-intercepts: (2, 0), (–2, 0)
y-int = Vertex: (0, –4)
5 Additional Points: (–1, –3), (1, –3), (–3, 5), (3, 5)
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200 9 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 4
Graph f(x) = –x2 + x + 6 a = –1, b = 1, c = 6
1 a < 0 ⇒ opens downward Vertex:
1 25
,
2 4
(0, 6) (1, 6)
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, 6)
b 1
Symmetry line: x = − = (–1, 4) (2, 4)
2a 2
3
1 1 1 25
Vertex: , f = ,
2 2 2 4
f(x) = 0 ⇒ 0 = –x2 + x + 6 = –(x + 2)(x – 3) (–2, 0) (3, 0)
4 ⇒ x = – 2 or x = 3
x-intercepts: (–2, 0) , (3, 0) x=
1 f(x) = –x2 + x + 6
2
5 a= –1 < 0
Additional Points: (1, 6), (–1, 4), (2, 4),
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200 10 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 5
Graph f(x) = x2 – x – 6 a = 1, b = –1, c = –6
1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward x = 0.5 f(x) = x2 – x – 6
a=1>0
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, –6)
b 1 (–2, 0) (3, 0) x
Symmetry line: x = − = = 0.5
2a 2
3
Vertex: 0.5, f 0.5 = (0.5, –6.25)

f(x) = 0 ⇒ 0 = x2 – x – 6 = (x – 3)(x + 2)
4 (–1, –4) (2, –4)
⇒ x = 3 or x = –2
x-intercepts: (3, 0), (–2, 0) (0, –6) (1, –6)
Vertex: (0.5, –6.25)
5 Additional Points: (1, –6), (–1, –4), (2, –4)
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200 11 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 6
Graph f(x) = –x2 + 4x + 2 a = –1, b = 4, c = 2
1 a < 0 ⇒ opens downward
Vertex: (2, 6)
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, 2)
b (1, 5) (3, 5)
Symmetry line: x = − = 2
2a
3
Vertex: 2, f 2 = (2, 6) (0, 2) (4, 2)

(–0.45, 0) (4.45, 0)
f(x) = 0 ⇒ x = 2 ± 6
4 ⇒ x ≈ 4.45 or x ≈ –0.45
x-intercepts: (4.45, 0), (–0.45, 0) f(x) = –x2 + 4x + 2
x=2
5 Additional Points: (4, 2), (1, 5), (3, 5) a= –1 < 0
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200 12 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 7
Graph f(x) = 2x2 – 18 a = 2, b = 0, c = –18
1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward x=0
f(x) = 2x2 – 18
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, –18) a=2>0
b
Symmetry line: x = − = 0
2a (–3, 0) (3, 0)
3
Vertex: 0, f 0 = (0, –18)

f(x) = 0 ⇒ 2x2 – 18 = 0 (–2, –10) (2, –10)

4 ⇒ 2(x + 3)(x – 3) = 0 ⇒ x = –3 or x = 3
(– 1, –16) (1, –16)
x-intercepts: (–3, 0), (3, 0) Vertex: (0, –18)
5 Additional Points: (–1, –16), (1, –16),(–2, –10), (2, –10)
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200 13 Graphing Quadratic Functions in General Form – Example 8
Graph f(x) = 2x2 – 11x – 21 a = 2, b = –11, c = –21
1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward
f(x) = 2x2 – 11x – 21
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, –21) a=2>0
x = 2.75

b 11 (–1.5, 0) (7, 0)
Symmetry line: x = − = = 2.75
2a 4
3
Vertex: 2.75, f 2.75 = (2.75, –36.125)

f(x) = 0 ⇒ 0 = 2x2 – 11x – 21 = (2x + 3)(x – 7) (0, –21) (5.5, –21)

4 ⇒ x = –1.5 or x = 7 (1, –30) (4.5, –30)
x-intercepts: (–1.5, 0), (7, 0)
Vertex: (2.75, –36.125)
5 Additional Points: (5.5, –21), (1, –30), (4.5, –30)
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200 14 Key Components and Characteristics of a Quadratic Function: Example 1
f(x) = x2 – 6x a = 1, b = –6, c = 0
f(x) = x2 – 6x
1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward x=3
a= 1 > 0
2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, 0) (0, 0) (0, 0) (6, 0)
b
Symmetry line: x = − = 3
3 2a
Vertex: 3, f 3 = (3, –9)

4 f(x) = 0 ⇒ 0 = x2 – 6x = x (x – 6)
⇒ x = 0 or x = 6
x-intercepts: (0, 0), (6, 0) Vertex (3, –9)

6 Domain: (−∞, ∞) Decreasing: Increasing:

8
(−∞, 3) (3, ∞)
7 Range: [−9, ∞) y ≥−9 x<3 x>3
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200 15 Key Components and Characteristics of a Quadratic Function: Example 2
f(x) = –2x2 + 5x + 3 a = –2, b = 5, c = 3
5 49
Vertex ,
1 a < 0 ⇒ opens downward 4 8

2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, 3) f(x) = –2x2 + 5x + 3

b 5 a= –2 < 0
Symmetry line: x = − =
3 2a 4
5 5 5 49 1
Vertex: , f = , (− , 0)
2
(3, 0)
4 4 4 8
4 f(x) = 0 ⇒ –2x2 + 5x + 3 = –1(2x + 1)(x – 3)= 0
⇒ (2x + 1) = 0 or (x – 3) = 0 5
x=
1 4
x-intercepts: (– , 0), (3, 0)
2 5 5
6 Domain: (−∞, ∞) 8 Increasing: x<
4
Decreasing: x >
4
49 49 5 5
7 Range: (−∞, ൨ y≤ −∞, ,∞
8 8 www.ifuvi.com 4 4
200 16 Key Components and Characteristics of a Quadratic Function: Example 3
f(x) = –x2 – 6x – 5. a = –1, b = –6, c = –5
1 a < 0 ⇒ opens downward Vertex (–3, 4)

2 The y-intercept is (0, c) = (0, –5) f(x) = –x2 – 6x – 5

a = –1 < 0
b
Symmetry line: x = − = −3 (–5, 0) (–1, 0)
3 2a
Vertex: −3, f −3 = (–3, 4)

4 f(x) = 0 ⇒ 0 = –x2 – 6x – 5 = –(x + 5)(x + 1) (0, –5)

⇒ x = –5 or x = –1
x = −3
x-intercepts: (–5, 0), (–1, 0)
6 Domain: (−∞, ∞) Increasing: Decreasing:
8
(−∞, –3) (3, ∞)
7 Range: (−∞, 4ሿ y ≤ 4
www.ifuvi.com x < –3 x>3
200 17 Key Components and Characteristics of a Quadratic Function: Example 1
Given the Graph
Domain: (−∞, ∞) −∞< x < ∞
x = –3 [−4, ∞) y ≥ −4
Range:
(0, 5) Increasing: (−3, ∞) x > −3
Decreasing: (−∞, −3) x < −3
Vertex: (–3, –4)
Max/Min: Minimum = –4
x-intercepts: (–5, 0) and (–1, 0)
Vertex:(–3, –4) y-intercept: (0, 5)
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200 18 Key Components and Characteristics of a Quadratic Function: Example 2
Given the Graph
Domain: (−∞, ∞) −∞< x < ∞

Vertex:(2, 4) Range: (−∞, 4] y≤4

(0, 3) Increasing: (−∞, 2) x<2

Decreasing: (2, ∞) x>2
Vertex: (2, 4)
Max/Min: Max = 4
x-intercepts: (–2, 0) and (6, 0)
x=2
y-intercept: (0, 3)
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200 19 Graphing Quadratic Functions in Standard Form
Graph the Quadratic Function f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k ( a ≠ 0 )
a > 0 ⇒ opens upward x=h
1
a < 0 ⇒ opens downward f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
a>0

2 Symmetry line: x = h
y-int (0, ah2 +k)
Vertex: (h, k)

Set x = 0 or determine f(0) (x-int) (x-int)

3
for y-intercept: (0, ah2 + k)
Vertex: (h, k)

4 Set f(x) = 0 ⇒ solve for x-intercepts

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200 20 Graphing Quadratic Functions in Standard Form – Example 1
Graph f(x) = (x – 3)2 – 4 a = 1, h = 3, k = – 4

1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward x=3

(0, 5) (6, 5)
Symmetry line: x = h = 3
2
Vertex: (h, k) = (3, – 4) f(x) = (x – 3)2 – 4
a = 1> 0
ah2 + k = 1(3)2 – 4 = 9 – 4 = 5
3
y-int: (0, 5) (1, 0) (5, 0)

5 f(6) = f(0) = 5
f(5) = (5 - 3)2 - 4 = 0
f(1) = f(5) = 0
Additional Points: (6, 5), (5, 0), (1, 0) Vertex: (3, –4)
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200 21 Graphing Quadratic Functions in Standard Form – Example 2
Graph f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8 a = –2, h = –1, k = 8
1 a < 0 ⇒ opens downward Vertex: (–1, 8)

Symmetry line: x = h = –1
2
Vertex: (h, k) = (–1, 8) (–2, 6) (0, 6)

ah2 + k = –2(1)2 + 8 = –2 + 8 = 6
3 f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8
y-int: (0, 6) a = –2 < 0

5 f(–2) = f(0) = 6
(–3, 0) (1, 0)
f(–3) = –2((–3) + 1)2 + 8 = 0
f(1) = f(–3) = 0
x = –1
Additional Points: (–2, 6), (–3, 0), (1, 0)
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200 22 Graph a Quadratic Function in Standard Form – Example 3
Graph f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 4 a = –2, h = –1, k = 4
1 a < 0 ⇒ opens downward Vertex: (–1, 4)

Symmetry line: x = h = –1
2 (–2, 2) (0, 2)
Vertex: (h, k) = (–1, 4)
ah2 + k = –2(1)2 + 4 = –2 + 4 = 2
3
y-int: (0, 2) f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 4
a = –2 < 0
5 f(–2) = f(0) = 2
f(1) = –2(1 + 1)2 + 4 = –2(2)2 + 4 = –4 (–3, –4) (1, –4)

f(–3) = f(1) = –4 x = –1
Additional Points: (–2, 2), (1, –4), (–3, –4)
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200 23 Graph a Quadratic Function in Standard Form – Example 4
1 1
Graph f(x) = (x – 2)2 – 3 a = , h = 2, k = –3
2 2
1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward x=2

Symmetry line: x = h = 2 (–2, 5) (6, 5)

2
Vertex: (h, k) = (2, –3)
1
2 1 2 f(x) = (x – 2)2 – 3
2
ah + k = (–2) – 3 = 2 – 3 = –1
3 2 1
y-int: (0, –1) a= >0
2

5 f(4) = f(0) = –1
(0, –1) (4, –1)
1
f(6) = (6 – 2)2 – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5
2
f(–2) = f(6)= 5 Vertex: (2, –3)
Additional Points: (4, –1), (6, 5), (–2, 5) www.ifuvi.com
200 24 Write a Quadratic Function in Standard Form to Graph – Example 1
Write in standard form and then graph. y = x2 + 2x – 4
y = x2 + 2x – 4 = x2 + 2x + 1 – 5 = (x + 1)2 – 5
y = (x + 1)2 – 5 a = 1, h = –1, k = – 5 x = –1

1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward (–4, 4) (2, 4)

Symmetry line: x = h = –1 y = (x + 1)2 – 5

2
vertex: (h, k) = (–1, –5) a = 1> 0

ah2 + k = 1(1)2 – 5 = 1 – 5 = –4
3
y-int: (0, –4)
f(–2) = f(0) = –4
5 f(2) = (2 + 1)2 – 5 = 9 – 5 = 4 (–2, –4) (0, –4 )
f(–4) = f(2) = 4 Vertex: (–1, –5)
Additional Points: (–2, –4), (2, 4), (–4, 4)
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200 25 Write a Quadratic Function in Standard Form to Graph (a not 1) – Example 2
Write in standard form and then graph. y = 3x2 – 12x + 11
y = 3x2 – 12x + 12 + 11 – 12 = 3(x2 – 4x + 4) – 1
y = 3(x – 2)2 – 1 a = 3, h = 2, k = –1 x=2

1 a > 0 ⇒ opens upward (0, 11) (4, 11)

Symmetry line: x = h = 2
2 y = 3(x – 2)2 – 1
Vertex: (h, k) = (2, –1)
a=3>0
ah2 + k = 3(2)2 – 1 = 12 – 1 = 11
3
y-int: (0, 11)
(1, 2) (3, 2)
f(4) = f(0) = 11
5 f(1) = 3(1 – 2)2 – 1 = 3 – 1 = 2
Vertex: (2, –1)
f(3) = f(1) = 2
Additional Points: (4, 11), (1, 2), (3, 2) www.ifuvi.com
200 26 Quadratic Function: General Form to Vertex Form Using Vertex Equation (a=1)
Write the given quadratic function in vertex form. f(x) = x2 + 8x – 5
a = 1, b = 8, c = –5

f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k x = −4

f(x) = x2 + 8x – 5
b 8 a = 1> 0
Symmetry line: x = − = − = −4
2a 2(1)
Vertex: −4, f −4 = (–4, –21) = (h, k)

Using a = 1, h = –4, k = –21

(0, –5)
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k = (x + 4)2 – 21
Vertex: (–4, –21)

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200 27 Quadratic Function: General Form to Vertex Form Using Vertex Equation (a=-1)
Write the given quadratic function in vertex form. f(x) = –x2 + 5x + 2
a = –1, b = 5, c = 2
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
5 33
Vertex: ,
b 5 5 2 4
Symmetry line: x = − = − =
2a 2(–1) 2
5 5 5 33
Vertex: , f = , = (h, k)
2 2 2 4
(0, 2)
5 33
Using a = – 1, h = , k =
2 4
5 2 33
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k = – x– + 5 f(x) = –x2 + 5x + 2
2 4 x=
2 a = –1 < 0

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200 28 Quadratic Function: General Form to Vertex Form Using Vertex Equation (a=-2)
Write the given quadratic function in vertex form. f(x) = –2x2 + 12x – 5
a = –2, b = 12, c = –5
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
Vertex (3, 13)
b 12
Symmetry line: x = − = − =3
2a 2(–2)
Vertex: 3, f 3 = (3, 13)

Using a = –2, h = 3, k = 13 (0, –5)

f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k = –2(x – 3)2 + 13

f(x) = –2x2 + 12x – 5
x=3 a = –2 < 0

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200 29 Quadratic Function: General Form to Vertex Form Using Vertex Equation (a=3)
Write the given quadratic function in vertex form. f(x) = 3x2 − 10x − 5
a = 3, b = −10, c = −5
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k 5 f(x) = 3x2 − 10x − 5
x=
3
b −10 5 a=3>0
Symmetry line: x = − = − =
2a 2(3) 3
5 5 5 40
Vertex: , f = ,− = (h, k)
3 3 3 3
5 40
Using a = 3, h = , k =− (0, –5)
3 3
5 2 40
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k = 3 x– − 5 40
3 3 Vertex: ,−
3 3

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200 30 Find the Equation of a Quadratic Function from the Graph - Example
Determine the equation of the quadratic function from the graph. Give the function in general form.
f(x) f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
6
(-3, 4) 5 Using h = –3 , k = 4, x = –4, y = 2
4
3 2 = a((–4) – (–3))2 + 4
(-4, 2) 2 2 = a(–1)2 + 4 = a + 4 ⇒ a = -2
1
x
1 2 3 4
f(x) = –2(x + 3)2 + 4
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1
-2
-3
f(x) = –2(x2 + 6x + 9) + 4
-4 f(x) = –2x2 – 12x – 18 + 4
-5 f(x) = –2x2 – 12x – 14
-6

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200 31 Find the Equation of a Quadratic Function from a Graph (a<0)
Find the equation of a quadratic function in the from f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
Using h = –2 , k = 4, x = –4, y = 0
f(–4) = 0 ⇒ 0 = a((–4) + 2)2 + 4
(–2, 4)
0 = 4a + 4
-4 -4
–4 = 4a
4 4
(–4, 0) (0, 0) –1 = a
f(x) = –1(x + 2)2 + 4
f(x) = –(x + 2)2 + 4

f(x) = –(x2 + 4x + 4) + 4
f(x) = –x2 – 4x – 4 + 4
f(x) = –x2 – 4x
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200 32 Find a Quadratic Function Given the Intercepts of the Graph - Example
Determine the equation for the function from the graph.
f(x) = a(x – r1)(x – r2)

(0, 6) Using r1 = –4, r2 = 3, x = 0, y = 6

f(0) = 6 ⇒ a(0 + 4)(0 – 3) = 6
a(4)(–3) = 6
–12a = 6
-12 -12
(–4, 0) (3, 0) 1
a=–
2
1
f(x) = – (x + 4)(x – 3)
2

Factored Form a quadratic function with zeros r1 and r2. f(x) = a(x – r1)(x – r2)
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200 33 Eind a Quadratic Function Given the Vertex and the Leading Coefficient - Example
Determine the values of b and c of the quadratic function.
f(x) = –2x2 + bx + c with vertex (3, –17) a = –2
b b b
Symmetry line: x = − =3⇒− = 3 ⇒ ∙ 4 = 3 ∙ 4 ⇒ b = 12
2a 2(–2) 4
Using a = –2, b = 12 , x = 3, y = –17
f(3) = –2(3)2 + 12(3) + c = –17
–18 + 36 + c = –17
18 + c = –17
c = –35
a = –2, b = 12, c = –35 ⇒ f(x) = –2x2 + 12x – 35
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200 34 Find a Quadratic Function Given the Vertex and the Leading Coefficient – Example
A quadratic function has its vertex at the point (–2, –4). The function also passes through (1, 9). Find the
equation of quadratic function in vertex form.
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k x = –2
vertex: (h, k) = (–2, – 4) ⇒ h = –2, k = –4 (1, 9)

Using h = –2, k = –4, x = 1, y = 9 13

f(x) = (x + 2)2 – 4
9
9 = a(1 – (–2))2 – 4 13
a= >0
9 = 9a – 4 9

13 = 9a
13
=a
9
13 13
a = , h = –2, k = –4 ⇒ f(x) = (x + 2)2 – 4 Vertex: (–2, –4)
9 9
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200 35 Quadratic Function Transformations
f(x) = x2 + 3
Vertical Shift
The graph of f(x) = x2 + k
shifts f(x) = x2 vertically

If k > 0 the graph is

shiftde up k units.

If k < 0 the graph is

f(x) = x2 – 3 shiftde down ∣k∣ units.

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200 36 Quadratic Function Transformations

Horizontal Shift
The graph of f(x) = (x – h)2
shifts f(x) = x2 horizontally

If h > 0 the graph is

shiftde right h units.

If h < 0 the graph is

f(x) = (x + 3)2 f(x) = (x – 3)2 shiftde left ∣h∣ units.

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200 37 Quadratic Function Transformations
f(x) = 2x2 f(x) = 0.5x2
Vertical Stretch or Compression
The graph of f(x) = ax2
is wider or narrower than f(x) = x2

If 0 < a < 1 the graph is

wider or vertically compressed.

If a > 1 the graph is

narrower or vertically stretched.

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200 38 Quadratic Function Transformations

Vertical Stretch or Compression

f(x) = x2 The graph of f(x) = ax2
is wider or narrower than f(x) = x2

If a < 0, the graph is

reflected across the axis (x- axis).
f(x) = –0.5x2

f(x) = –2x2 f(x) = –x2

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200 39 Quadratic Function Transformations
Graph: f(x) = 2(x – 1)2 + 3 a = 2, h = 1, k = 3
f(x) = x2 → f(x) = 2x2 → f(x) = 2(x – 1)2 → f(x) = 2(x – 1)2 + 3
Multiply y-values by 2 Shift Right 1 unit Shift Up 3 unit

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 200 40 Quadratic Function Application - Blood Pressure - Example
Healthy average systolic blood pressure is estimated by P = 0.01a2 + 0.05a + 107,
where “a” is the age in year and P is pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
1. What is the healthy average systolic blood pressure of a 34-year- old to the nearest tenth?
P(34) = 0.01(34)2 + 0.05(34) + 107 ≈ 120.3 mm Hg
2. If a healthy person has a systolic blood pressure of 132.4 mm Hg, what is their age to the nearest year?

132.4 = 0.01a2 + 0.05a + 107 ⇒ 0 = 0.01a2 + 0.05a – 25.4

–132.4 –132.4
a = 0.01, b = 0.05, c = –25.4
−0.05± (0.05)2 – 4∙(0.01)∙(–25.4) −0.05± 1.0185
a= = ≈ 48 years old
2(0.01) 0.02
−b± b2 – 4ac
x=
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200 41 Quadratic Function Application Using Formulas - Rocket Launch - 1
NASA launches a rocket at t = 0 seconds. Its height in meters above sea level as a function of time
is h(t) = –4.9t2 + 310t + 332.
Assume the rocket will splash down into the ocean.

h(t) = –4.9t2 + 310t + 332 a = –4.9, b = 310, c = 332

What time will the rocket splash into the ocean?

−b± b2 – 4ac −310 ± 3102 – 4(–4.9)(332)

h(t) = 0 ⇒ t = =
2a 2(–4.9)
−310 ± 102607.2
t= ≈ 64.3 second
–9.8
−b± b2 – 4ac
x=
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200 42 Quadratic Function Application Using Formulas - Rocket Launch - 2
NASA launches a rocket at t = 0 seconds. Its height in meters above sea level as a function of time
is h(t) = –4.9t2 + 310t + 332.
Assume the rocket will splash down into the ocean.

h(t) = –4.9t2 + 310t + 332 a = –4.9, b = 310, c = 332

How high above sea level will the rocket reach?
b 310
Symmetry line: t = − = − ≈ 31.63 second
2a 2(–4.9)
b
h − = h(31.63) = –4.9(31.63) 2 + 310(31.63) + 332
2a
≈ 5235.1 meters

b b
Vertex: − , f −
2a 2a
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200 43 Quadratic Function Application Using a Graphing Calculator - Rocket Launch
Solve graphically. NASA launches a rocket at t = 0 seconds. Its height in meters above sea level as a function
of time is h(t) = –4.9t2 + 310t + 332.
Assume the rocket will splash down into the ocean.

What time will the rocket splash into the ocean?

h(t) = –4.9t2 + 310t + 332

5235.1m 64.3 seconds

How high above sea level will the rocket reach?

(64.3, 0) 5235.1 meters

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 200 44 Find the Size of Cardboard Needed to Make a Box with a Given Volume
A box with a square base and no top is to be made from a square piece of cardboard by cutting 2 in. squares
from each corner and folding up the sides. The box is to hold 2048 in3. How big a piece of cardboard is needed?

2 in 2 in
V = l ∙ w ∙ h = x ∙ x ∙ 2 = 2x2 = 2048 in3
2 in x in 2 in
x in 2x2 = 2048
2 2
2 in 2 in x2 = 1024
2 in 2 in
x = 1024 = 32
⇒ x + 4 = 36
h=2
w=x 36 in by 36 in
l=x
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 200 45 Quadratic Function Application - Horizontal Distance and Vertical Height - 1
1 2
The equation y = – x + 4x + 3 models the height of an arrow where x is the
16 1
horizontal distance in feet from the point the arrow is shot. a = – , b = 4, c = 3
16
1. How high is the arrow when it is shot?
1 2 y(0) = 3 ft
x = 0 ⇒ y(0) = – (0) + 4(0) + 3 = 3
16
2. What is the maximum height of the arrow?
–b –4 –4
Symmetry line: x = = = = – 4∙(–8) = 32
2a 2 – 1 –1
16 8
–b 1
y = y(32) = – (32)2 + 4(32) + 3 = 67 ft
2a 16
Maximum height of the arrow is 67ft b
Vertex: − , f −
b
2a 2a
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 200 46 Quadratic Function Application - Horizontal Distance and Vertical Height - 2
1 2
The equation y = – x + 4x + 3 models the height of an arrow where x is the
16
horizontal distance in feet from the point the arrow is shot.

3. How far horizontally does the arrow travel before hitting the ground ?
1 2
y = 0 ⇒ -16∙(0) = -16∙(– x + 4x + 3) = 1x2 – 64x – 48
16
a = 1, b = –64, c = –48

−b± b2 – 4ac −(–64)± (–64)2 – 4(1)(–48) 64 ± 4288

x= = = ≈ 64.7 ft
2a 2(1) 2

≈ 64.7 ft
−b± b2 – 4ac
x=
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200 47 Quadratic Model Application - Ticket Price to Maximize Revenue - 1
A soccer stadium holds 40,000 spectators. Based upon past records, if the ticket price is $15, the attendance
will average 28,000. If the ticket price is $12, the average attendance will be 34,000. If attendance is linearly
related to ticket price, what ticket price will maximize ticket revenue?
y2 – y1 34,000 – 28,000
Q(p) = mp + b m =
x2 – x1 m= = –2000
12 –15

(12, 34,000) ⇒ Q(12) = –2000 (12) + b = 34,000 ⇒ b = 58,000 ⇒ Q(p) = –2000 p + 58,000

Revenue = Price x Quantity R(p) = p x Q(p) = p(–2000 p + 58,000)

R(p) = –2000p2 + 58,000p a = –2000, b = 58,000, c = 0
–b –58,000 58,000
3 ⇒p= = = = 14.5
2a 2(–2000) 4000
The ticket price of $14.50 will maximize the revenue. b b
Vertex: − ,f −
2a 2a
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200 48 Quadratic Model Application - Ticket Price to Maximize Revenue - 2
What is the maximum revenue?

R(p) = –2000p2 + 58,000p a = –2000, b = 58,000, c = 0

–b –58,000 58,000
Symmetry line: p = = = = 14.5
2a 2(–2000) 4000
y p = y(14.5) = –2000(14.5)2 + 58,000(14.5) = $420,500

The maximum revenue from the ticket sales is $420,500.

What will the attendance be?
Q(p) = –2000 p + 58,000
Q(14.5) = –2000 (14.5) + 58,000 = –29000 + 58,000 = 29000
At a price of $14.50/ticket, 29,000 tickets will be sold Vertex: −
b
,f −
b
2a 2a
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200 49 Quadratic Function Application - Time and Vertical Height - 1
The function h(t) = –16t2 + 72t + 40 models the height in feet of a ball and t is the time in seconds
a = –16, b = 72, c = 40
h(t) = –16t2 + 72t + 40
How high is the ball when the ball is thrown?

h(0) = –16(0)2 + 72(0) + 40

= 40 ft

(0, 40)

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 200 50 Quadratic Function Application - Time and Vertical Height - 2
The function h(t) = –16t2 + 72t + 40 models the height in feet of a ball and t is the time in seconds
a = –16, b = 72, c = 40
h(t) = –16t2 + 72t + 40
What is the maximum height of the ball? (2.25, 121)

b 72 −72
Symmetry line: t = − 2a = − 2(–16) = –32 = 2.25 sec

h(2.25) = –16(2,25)2 + 72(2.25) + 40 = 121 ft

Vertex: 2.25, h 2.25 = (2.25, 121)
(0, 40)
The maximum height of the ball is 121 ft

b b
Vertex: − ,f − x = 2.25
2a 2a
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200 51 Quadratic Function Application - Time and Vertical Height - 3
The function h(t) = –16t2 + 72t + 40 models the height in feet of a ball and t is the time in seconds
a = –16, b = 72, c = 40
h(t) = –16t2 + 72t + 40

How many seconds is the ball in the air before hitting the ground? (2.25, 121)

0 = –16t2 + 72t + 40
= –8(2t2 – 9t – 5)
= –8(2t + 1)(t – 5)
⇒ 2t + 1 = 0 or t – 5 = 0 (0, 40)
t = – 0.5 or t = 5
The ball in the air before hitting the ground is 5 seconds (5, 0)
x = 2.25
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200 52 Quadratic Equation App - Find the Dimensions of a Rectangle Given Area
The length of a rectangle is three inches more than its width. Its area is 130 square inches. Find the width
and length of the rectangle.

A=l∙w A = ( x + 3)x
130 = x( x + 3)
130 = x2 + 3x
x 0 = x2 + 3x – 130
0 = (x + 13)(x – 10)
x+3 ⇒ x + 13 = 0 or x – 10 = 0
x = – 13 or x = 10 width: 10 in
x + 3 = 13 length: 13 in
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 200 53 Quadratic Function Application - Maximum Area - Example
You need to maximize the area of a corral for your pet. However, there is a cliff on one side, so you only
need to fence three sides. If you have 1200 yards of fencing available, what are the dimensions of the
rectangle with the maximum area? What is the maximum area?
A=l∙w A = x(1200 – 2x) = 1200x – 2x2 (300, 180,000)
x A(x) = –2x2 + 1200x a = –2, b = 1200, c = 0
b 1200
x=− =− = 300 yds
2a 2(–2)
1200 – 2x
1200 – 2x = 1200 – 2(300) = 600 yds
A(300) = –2(300)2 + 1200(300) = 180,000 yds2
x
Dimensions: 300 yds by 600 yds
A(x) = –2x2 + 1200x
Vertex: −
b
,f −
b Max Area: 180,000 yds2
2a 2a
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