Mathematics 2021 Paper & Solution

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MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS
SOLUTION : PRACTICE PAPER – 1
SECTION – A
Q. 1. (i) (a) p; (q ; r)
(ii) (a) 2 : (6 : (3;1
(iii) (b) 110
(iv) (a) 8, 91
(v) (d) 91
(vi) (c) x;sin2x;c
(vii) (a) 2
1
(viii) (c)
e
Q. 2. (i) Let p : 2 is a rational number.

q : It is the only even prime number.
Then the symbolic form of the given statement is p u q.
The truth values of both p and q are T.
the truth value of p u q is T. … [T u T Y T]
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(ii) By sine rule,

a b
:
sin A sin B
2 3
:

2 sin B
3

sin B:1:sin
2

B: .
2
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(iii) Let y:sin (x;x)

Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy d
: [sin (x;x)]
dx dx
d
:cos (x;x) . (x;x)
dx
:cos (x;x) . (2x;1)
:(2x;1) cos (x;x).
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII 1

(iv) The given D.E. is

dy dy
1; :7 .
dx dx
On cubing both sides, we get

dy dy
1; :7 .
dx dx
dy
This D.E. has highest order derivative with power 3.
dx
degree of D.E.:3.
SECTION – B
Q. 3. The negations of given statements are :
(i) Some students of this college do not live in the hostel.
(ii) U x + N such that x;x is not an even number.
Q. 4. We have A 91X:B
A(A 91X):AB
(AA91)X:AB
IX:AB
W3 0SW2S
X: T TT T
Y0 4VY1V
W 6;0 S W 6 S
:T T:T T
Y 0;4 V Y 4 V
W6S
Hence, X: T T.
Y4V
Q. 5. Comparing the equation 3x;4xy93y:0 with ax;2hxy;by:0, we get,

a:3, 2h:4 and b:93.
Let be the angle between the lines.
Since a;b:393:0, lines are perpendicular to each other.

: .
2
Q. 6. Let P, Q, R be the points whose position vectors p, q, r are given by

p:2a94b;4c, q:a92b;4c, r: 9a;2b;4c
PQ:q9p:( a92b;4c)9(2a94b;4c)
:9a;2b;0.c … (1)
and PR:r9p:( 9a;2b;4c)9(2a94b;4c)
: 93a;6b;0.c:3 (9a;2b;0.c )
2 SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII
PR:3.PQ … [By (1)]
PQ and PR are collinear vectors.
Hence, the points P (p), Q (q) and R (r) are collinear.
Q. 7. Let be the angle between the given lines. The given lines are parallel to vectors
b : i ;2j ;2k and b : 3i ;2j ;6k respectively. Then the angle between the lines

is given by
b .b
cos :
b b

where b .b :(i ;2j ;2k ).(3i ;2j ;6k )

:1(3);2(2);2(6)
:3;4;12:19
b :(1;2;2:(1;4;4:3

and b :(3;2;6:(9;4;36:7

19 19
cos : :
3;7 21

19
:cos 91 .
21
Q. 8. The cartesian equation of the plane r.(6i ;8j ;7k):0 is 6x;8y;7z:0.

The required plane is parallel to it.
its cartesian equation is
6x;8y;7z:p … (1)
A (7, 8, 6) lies on it and hence satisfies the equation
6(7);8(8);7(6):p
p:42;64;42:148
from (1), the cartesian equation of required plane is
6x;8y;7z:148.
Q. 9. y: log x; (log x;(log x;… -
y:log x; (log x;(log x;… -

y:log x;y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get
dy 1 dy
2y : ;
dx x dx
dy 1
(2y91) :
dx x
dy 1
: .
dx x (2y91)
dy
Q. 10. :xy;y
dx
dy
:y(x;1)
dx
1
dy:(x;1)dx
y
Integrating both sides, we get
1
dy: (x;1) dx
y
x
log y: ;x;c
3
This is the general solution.
1 1
Q. 11. dx: dx
x9a (x9a) (x;a)
1 (x;a)9(x9a)
: dx
2a (x9a)(x;a)

1 1 1
: 9 dx
2a x9a x;a

1 1 1
: dx9 dx
2a x9a x;a
1
: [log x9a 9log x;a ];c
2a

1 x9a
: log ;c.
2a x;a

/2 /2

1;cos2x
Q. 12. cosx dx: dx
2

/2
1
: (1;cos2x) dx
2

1 sin2x
: x;
2 2

1 sin sin 0
: ; 9 0;
2 2 2 2

1
: ;090 : .
2 2 4
Q. 13. Expected value: xi . P(xi)

1 2 2
:1 ;2 ;3
5 5 5
1 4 6 11
: ; ; : :2.2.
5 5 5 5
Q. 14. X : B (6, p)
n:6
The p.m.f. of X is given as :
P(X:x): nCx px qn9x :Cx pxq69x
Now, 2.P (X:3):P(X:2)
2;C pq693 :C pq692

6;5;4 6;5
2; pq: pq
1;2;3 1;2
40 pq:15pq
40 p:15 q:15 (19p)
40 p:15915 p
55 p:15
15 3
p: : .
55 11

SECTION – C
Q. 15. Let p : A sequence is bounded

q : It is convergent.
Then the symbolic form of the given statement is p ; q.
Converse : q ; p is the converse of p ; q.
i.e. If a sequence is convergent, then it is bounded.
Inverse : : p ; :q is the inverse of p ; q.
i.e. If a sequence is not bounded, then it is not convergent.
Contrapositive : : q ; : p is the contrapositive of p ; q.
i.e. If a sequence is not convergent, then it is not bounded.
Q. 16.
Let us take the angle A of RABC in standard position, i.e. A as origin, X-axis along
the line AB and the Y-axis perpendicular to the line AB.
In the two figures, L A is shown as acute in one and obtuse in the other.
B l(AB):c B Y (c, 0)
Let C Y (x, y). Since l(AC):b, we have
x y
cos A: and sin A:
b b
x:b cos A and y:b sin A
C Y (b cos A, b sin A).
by the distance formula,
a:BC:(c9b cosA);(09b sin A)
:c92bc cos A;b cosA;b sinA
:b(cosA;sinA);c92bc cos A
a:b;c92bc cos A.
Q. 17. The direction ratios of the side AB are

a :495: 91, b :496: 92, c :194: 93

The direction ratios of side BC are
a :894:4, b :294: 92, c :x91

Since R ABC is right-angled at B, side AB is perpendicular to side BC.
a a ;b b ;c c :0

(91)(4);(92)(92);(93)(x91):0
94;493(x91):0
93(x91):0 x91:0
x:1.
Q. 18. Since, eı and eı are unit vectors,

eı : 1, eı :1

Also, eı · eı : 1, eı · eı :1

and eı ·eı : eı eı cos

:1·1 ·cos :cos :eı · eı

consider, eı 9eı : (eı 9eı )·( eı 9eı )

:eı · eı 9eı · eı 9eı · eı ;eı ·eı

:19cos 9cos ;1:292 cos
:2 (19cos ):2· 2 sin (/2)
sin (/2) : eı 9eı

sin (/2): eı 9eı .

Q. 19. Let a be the position vector of the point A (91, 91, 2) w.r.t. the origin.
a: 9i 9j ;2k
The equation of given line is
2x92:3y;1:6z92

1 1
2(x91):3 y; :6 z9
3 3
1 1
y; z9
x91 3 3
: :

1 1 1
2 3 6
The direction ratios of this line are
1 1 1
, , i.e. 3, 2, 1
2 3 6
Let b be the vector parallel to this line.
Then, b:3i ;2j ;k
The vector equation of the line passing through A (a) and parallel to b is
r:a;b, where is a scalar
the vector equation of the required line is
r:(9i 9j ;2k); (3i ;2j ;k).

Q. 20. Let A Y (1, 0, 1), B Y (1, 91, 1) and C Y (4, 93, 2).
Then the position vectors a, b, c of the points A, B, C w.r.t. the origin are
a:i ;k, b:i 9j ;k and c:4i 93j ;2k.
The vector equation of the plane passing through the points A (a), B (b) and C (c) is
r.(AB;AC):a. (AB;AC) … (1)
where, AB:b9a:(i 9j ;k )9(i ;k): 9j
and AC:c9a:(4i 93j ;2k)9(i ;k):3i 93j ;k

i j k
AB ; AC: 0 91 0
3 93 1
:(91;0) i 9(090) j ;(0;3) k
: 9i ;3k
and a . (AB;AC ):(i ;k ).(9i ;3k)
:1(91);0 (0);1(3)
: 91;0;3:2
from (1), the vector equation of the required plane is r.(9i ;3k):2.
1
Q. 21. Let I: dx
(a;x
Put x:a tan
x
dx:a sec d and tan :
a
a sec d
I:
(a;a tan
a sec d
:
(a (1;tan)
a sec d
:
(a sec
a sec
: d
a sec
: sec d
:log sec ;tan ;c

:log (1;tan;tan ;c

:log
1;
a
x ; x ;c
a
:log
(a;x x
a
; ;c
a
:log
(a;x;x
a
;c

:log (a;x;x 9log a ;c

:log x;(a;x ;c, where c:c 9log a

dy
Q. 22. (x9y) :a … (1)
dx
Put x9y:u
x9u:y
du dy
19 :
dx dx

du
(1) becomes, u 19 :a
dx
du
u9u :a
dx
du
u9a:u
dx
u
dx : du
u9a
(u9a);a
dx : du
u9a
du
x: 1 du;a ;c
u9a
:u;a;
1
2a
log
u9a
u;a
;c

a
x:x9y; log
2
x9y9a
x9y;a
;c

a
9c ;y: log
2
x9y9a
x9y;a
92c ;2y:a log

x9y9a
x9y;a
c;2y:a log
x9y9a
x9y;a
, where c: 92c

Q. 23. Let r be the radius, h be the height,

be the semi-vertical angle and V be the
volume of the water at any time t.
dh
Given : :1 cm/sec, :30°
dt
1
Now, V: rh
3
r
But, tan 30°:
h
1 r h
: r:
(3 h (3

1 h
V: h: h
3 (3 9
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get,
dV dh dh
: ;3h : h
dt 9 dt 3 dt
When h:2 cm, then
dV 4
: ;(2);1:
dt 3 3

4
Hence, the volume of water is increasing at the rate of cm/sec.
3
Q. 24. When a fair die is tossed twice, then the sample space S has 6;6:36 sample points.
n (S):36
Let X denotes the number of sixes.
X can take the value 0, 1, 2.
When X:0, i.e. no six, then
X: (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 1),
(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 1), (5, 2),
(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5)
n (X):25
25
P [X:0]:
36
When X:1, i.e. one six, then
X: (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5)
n (X):10
10
P [X:1]:
36
When X:2, i.e. two sixes, then X: (6, 6)
n (X):1
1
P [X:2]:
36
the required probability distribution is
X:x 0 1 2
25 10 1
P [X:x]
36 36 36
Q. 25. Given : X : B(n:5, p)

The probability of X successes is
P(X:x): nCx px qn9x, x:0, 1, 2, ..., n
i.e. P(X:x):Cx px q59x, x:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Probabilities of one and two successes are
P(X:1):C p q591 and P(X:2):C p q592 respectively

Given : P(X:1):0.4096 and P(X:2):0.2048
P(X:2) 0.2048
:
P(X:1) 0.4096
C p q592 1
i.e. :
C p q591 2

i.e. 2;C p q:1;C pq

5;4
i.e. 2; ;p q:1;5;pq
1;2
i.e. 20pq:5pq
i.e. 4p:q
i.e. 4p:19p
i.e. 5p:1
1
p:
5
1
Hence, the probability of success is .
5
1
Q. 26. Let I : dx
3;2 sin x; cos x
Put tan (x/2):t x:2 tan 9 t
2dt 2t 19t
dx: and sin x: , cos x:
1;t 1;t 1;t
1 . 2dt
I:

2t 19t 1 ; t
3;2 ;
1;t 1;t
1;t 2dt
: ·
3(1;t);4t;(19t) 1;t
1
:2 dt
2t;4t;4
1
: dt
t;2t;2
1
: dt
(t;2t;1);1
1
: dt
(t;1);(1)

1 t;1
: tan 91 ;c
1 1

x
:tan 91 tan ;1 ;c.
2
SECTION – D
W1 0 0S
T
Q. 27. Let A: T 3 3 0T
T
Y 5 2 91 V

1 0 0
A : 3 3 0
5 2 91
:1 (9390)90;0
: 93"0
A\ exists.
First we have to find the cofactor matrix
:[Aij ]3;3, where Aij :(91)i;j Mij

3 0
Now, A :(91)>M : : 9390:93
2 91

3 0
A :(91)>M :9 : 9(9390):3
5 91

3 3
A :(91)>M : :6915: 99
5 2

0 0
A :(91)>M :9 : 9(090):0
2 91

1 0
A :(91)>M : : 9190:91
5 91

1 0
A :(91)>M :9 : 9(290):92
5 2

0 0
A :(91)>M : :090:0
3 0

1 0
A :(91)>M :9 : 9(090):0
3 0

1 0
A :(91)>M : :390:3
3 3
the cofactor matrix
W A A A S W 93 3 99 S
T T T T
:T A A A T:T 0 91 92 T

Y A A A V Y 0 0 3V
W 93 0 0S
T
adj A: T 3 91 0 T
T
Y 99 92 3 V
1
A\: (adj A)
A
W 93 0 0 S
1 T T
: 3 91 0
93 T T
Y 99 92 3 V
W 3 0 0 S
1T T
A\: T 93 1 0 T
3
Y 9 2 93 V

8 3 77
Q. 28. Let sin 91 :x, sin 91 :y and sin 91 :z.
17 5 85
8
Then sin x: , where 0 x
17 2
3
sin y: , where 0 y
5 2
77
and sin z: , where 0 z
85 2
cos x 0, cos y 0
64 225 15
Now, cos x:(19sin x: 19 : :
289 289 17
9 16 4
and cos y:(19siny: 19 : :
25 25 5
We have to prove that, x;y:z
Now, sin (x;y):sin x cos y;cos x sin y

8 4 15 3
: ;
17 5 17 5
32 45 77
: ; :
85 85 85
sin (x;y):sin z x;y:z

8 3 77
sin 91 ;sin 91 :sin 91 .
17 5 85
Q. 29. Let the two lines through the origin be a x;b y : 0 and a x ; b y : 0.

Consider the locus represented by
(a x ; b y) (a x ; b y) : 0 … (1)

If (x , y ) be any point on the line a x ; b y : 0, then a x ; b y : 0

(a x ;b y ) (a x ; b y ) : 0

This shows that any point on the line a x ; b y : 0 lies on the locus represented

by (1). Similarly, we can show that any point (x , y ) on the line a x ; b y : 0 also

lies on the locus represented by (1).
So, all the points on the lines a x ; b y : 0 and a x ; b y : 0 lie on the locus (1),

i.e. locus (1) contains both these lines. … (A)
Conversely, if (x , y ) is any point on the locus (1), then

(a x ; b y ) (a x ; b y ) : 0

a x ; b y : 0 or a x ; b y : 0 or both are zero.

This shows that any point on the locus (1) lies on the line a x ; b y : 0 or on the line

a x ; b y : 0 or on both the lines. … (B)

Hence, from (A) and (B), it follows that equation (1) represents both the lines
a x;b y:0 and a x ; b y : 0 jointly,

i.e. equation (1) is the joint equation of the pair of lines.
The equation (a x ; b y) (a x ; b y) : 0 can be written as :

a a x ; (a b ; a b ) xy ; b b y : 0

Let a a : a, a b ; a b : 2h and b b : b, then the joint equation is

ax ; 2hxy ; by : 0 which is the homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y.
Hence, the joint equation of the pair of lines passing through the origin is a
homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y.
Q. 30. First we draw the lines AB, CD and EF whose equations are x:2, x;y:3 and
92x;y:1 respectively.
Points on Points on Sign Region

Line Equation
the X-axis the Y-axis
AB x:2 A (2, 0) — origin side of the line AB
CD x;y:3 C (3, 0) D (0, 3) origin side of the line CD
EF 92x;y:1 E (9 , 0) F (0, 1) origin side of the line EF

The feasible region is OAPQFO which is shaded in the graph.

The vertices of the feasible region are O (0, 0), A (2, 0), P, Q and F (0, 1).
P is the point of intersection of the lines x;y:3 and x:2.
Substituting x:2 in x;y:3, we get,
2;y:3 y:1
P Y (2, 1)
Q is the point of intersection of the lines
x;y:3 … (1)
and 92x;y:1
On subtracting, we get,
2
3x:2 x:
3
2
from (1), ;y:3
3
7
y:
3

2 7
QY ,
3 3
The values of the objective function z:6x;4y at these vertices are
z (O):6(0);4(0):0
z (A):6(2);4(0):12
z (P):6(2);4(1):12;4:16

2 7 12 28 40
z (Q):6 ;4 : ; : :13.33
3 3 3 3 3
z (F):6(0);4(1):4
z has maximum value 16, when x:2 and y:1.
Q. 31. Proof : Given that y:f (u) and u:g (x).

We assume that u is not a constant function.
Let u and y be the increments in u and y respectively, corresponding to the
increment x in x.
Now, y is a differentiable function of u and u is a differentiable function of x.
dy y du u
: lim and : lim … (1)
du u ; 0 u dx x ; 0 x
u .
Also lim u: lim
x ; 0 x ; 0
x
x

u du
:
lim
x ; 0 x lim x :
x ; 0
dx
;0:0
This means that as x ; 0, u ; 0 … (2)

y y u
Now, : ; … (u"0)
x u x
Taking limits as x ; 0, we get
y y u
lim
x ; 0
: lim ;
x x ; 0 u x
y u
: lim ; lim
x ; 0 u x ; 0 x
y u
: lim ; lim … [By (2)]
u ; 0 u x ; 0 x
Now, both the limits on RHS exist … [By (1)]
y dy
lim exists and is equal to .
x ; 0 x dx
y is differentiable function of x and
dy dy du
: ; . … [By (1)]
dx du dx
Let y: (tan (x
dy d
: ( (tan(x )
dx dx
1
. d (tan (x)
:
2(tan (x dx
1 d
: ;sec(x . ((x)
2(tan (x dx
1 1
: ;sec(x;
2(tan (x 2(x
sec(x
: .
4(x (tan (x
a
1
Q. 32. Let I: dx
x;(a9x

Put x:a sin dx:a cos d
and (a9x:(a9a sin:(a(19sin)
:(a cos:a cos
When x:0, a sin :0 :0

When x:a, a sin :a :
2
/2
a cos d
I:
a sin ;a cos

/2
cos
I: d … (1)
sin ;cos

? ?
We use the property, f (x) dx : f (a9x) dx.

Hence in I, we change by (/2)9.
/2
cos [(/2)9]
I: d
sin [(/2)9];cos [(/2)9]

/2
sin
: d ... (2)
cos ;sin

Adding (1) and (2), we get
/2 /2
cos sin
2I: d; d
sin ;cos cos ;sin

/2 /2
/2
cos ;sin
: d: 1 d:[]
cos ;sin

:(/2)90:/2
I : /4.
Q. 33. Let ABCD be a rectangle

inscribed in a circle of radius r.
Let AB:x and BC:y.
Then x;y:4r … (1)
Area of rectangle:xy
:x(4r9x … [By (1)]
Let f (x):x(4r9x)
:4rx9x
d
f (x): (4rx9x)
dx
:4r;2x94x:8rx94x
d
and f (x): (8rx94x)
dx
:8r;194;3x : 8r912x
For maximum area, f (x):0
8rx94x:0 4x:8rx
x:2r … [B x " 0]
x:(2 r … [B x 0]
and f ((2 r):8r912 ((2r): 916r 0
f (x) is maximum when x:(2 r
If x:(2 r, then from (1),
((2 r);y:4r
y:4r92r:2r
y:(2r … [B y 0]
x:y
rectangle is a square.
Hence, amongst all rectangles inscribed in a circle, the square has maximum area.
Q. 34.
Required area:area of the region ACBDA

:(area of the region OACBO)9 (area of the region OADBO)
Now, area of the region OACBO
:area under the circle x;y:1 between x:0 and x:1

: y dx, where y:19x, i.e. y:(19x, as y 0

: (19x dx

:
x
2
1
(19x; sin\ (x)
2

1 1
: (191; sin\ 190
2 2
1
: ; :
2 2 4
Area of the region OADBO
:area under the line x;y:1 between x:0 and x:1

: y dx, where y:19x

: (19x) dx

: x9
x
2

1 1
:19 90:
2 2
required area:

1
9
4 2
sq units.

SECTION – A
Q. 1. (i) (a) A B:B and A B
3
(ii) (b)
4
2h
(iii) (d)
a9b
(iv) (a) r:
1
2
2

i 9 j ;2k ; (3i ;2j ;6k)
3
1
(v) (c)
(2
(vi) (a) log x9f (x);c
1
(vii) (a)
2
(viii) (b) sin\

y
x
:log x ;c
W1 0 2S
Q. 2. (i) A: T T
Y2 3 4V
By C ; C ;2C , we get

W 5 0 2S
A:T T
Y 10 3 4 V
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(ii) By cosine rule, a:b;c92bc cos A,

where b:3, c:8 and A:60°
a:3;892 (3) (8) cos 60°
1
:9;64948;
2
:73924:49
a:7.
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
e4 log x
(iii) Let I: dx
x
e log x x
: dx: dx
x x
1
: dx:log x;c.
x
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------

(iv) The given D.E. is

dy
dx
;cos
dy
dx
:0.

Since this D.E. cannot be expressed as a polynomial in differential coefficients, the
degree is not defined.
SECTION – B
Q. 3. Let p : Two numbers are not equal.
q : Their squares are not equal.
Then the symbolic form of the given statement is p ; q.
The inverse of p ; q is :p ; :q and contrapositive of :p ; :q is
:(:q) ; :(:p) Y q ; p.
Hence, the contrapositive of the inverse of the given statement is :
‘If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then numbers are not equal.’
W1 2S
Q. 4. Let A: T T
Y3 4V

1 2
Then A: :496: 92 " 0
3 4
A 91 exists.
Consider AA91 :I
W 1 2 S 91 W 1 0 S
T T A :T T
Y3 4V Y0 1V
By R 93R , we get

W1 2 S 91 W 1 0 S
T T A :T T
Y 0 92 V Y 93 1 V

1
By 9 R , we get
2
W 1 2 S 91 WT 1 0ST
T T A :T 3 1 T
Y0 1V Y 2 92 V
By R 92R , we get

W 1 0 S 91 WT 92 1 S
T
T T A :T 3 1 T
Y0 1V Y 2 9 V
2
W 92 1S
T
91
A :T 3
T
1 T.
Y 2 92 V

Q. 5. RHS:b cos C;c cos B

a;b9c c;a9b
:b ;c ... [By cosine rule]
2ab 2ca
a;b9c c;a9b
: ;
2a 2a
a;b9c;c;a9b
:
2a
2a
: :a:LHS
a
Q. 6. Let l, m, n be the direction cosines of the line.

Then l:cos , m:cos , n:cos
Here, :90°, :135° and :45°
l:cos 90°:0
1 1
m:cos 135°:cos (180°945°): 9cos 45°: 9 and n:cos 45°:
(2 (2
1 1
the direction cosines of the line are 0, 9 , .
(2 (2
Q. 7. We are given that

2a;3b95c:0
5c:2a;3b
2a;3b 3b;2a
c: c:
5 3;2
by the section formula, the points A (a), B (b) and C (c) are collinear and point C
divides line segment AB internally in the ratio 3 : 2.
Q. 8. The cartesian equation of the plane passing through (x , y , z ), the direction ratios of

whose normal are a, b, c, is
a(x9x );b(y9y );c(z9z ):0

the cartesian equation of the required plane is
0(x;1);2(y92);5(z93):0
i.e. 0;2y94;5z915:0
i.e. 2y;5z : 19.
Q. 9. x:a cot , y:b cosec

Differentiating x and y w.r.t. , we get
dx d
:a (cot ):a (9cosec )
d d
: 9a cosec
dy d
and :b (cosec ):b (9cosec cot )
d d
: 9b cosec cot
dy (dy / d ) 9b cosec cot
: :
dx (dx / d ) 9a cosec
b cot b cos
: . : ; ;sin
a cosec a sin

b
: cos .
a
Q. 10. y:cos 91 (19x)

dy d
: [cos 91 (19x)]
dx dx
91. d (19x)
:
(19(19x) dx
91
: ;(092x)
(19(192x;x)
2x 2x
: :
(2x9x x(29x
2
: .
(29x
Q. 11. f (x):x92x;1
d
f (x): (x92x;1)
dx
:4x92;3x;0:4x96x
f is decreasing if f (x) 0
i.e. if 4x96x 0
i.e. if x(4x96) 0
i.e. if 4x96 0 … [B x 0]
3
i.e. if x
2
f is decreasing, if x 3/2.
Q. 12. Given a biased coin such that heads is 3 times as likely as tails.
3 1
P (H): and P (T):
4 4
The coin is tossed twice.
Let X can be the random variable for the number of tails.
Then X can take the value 0, 1, 2.
3 3 9
P (X:0):P (HH): ; :
4 4 16
3 1 1 3 6 3
P (X:1):P (HT, TH): ; ; ; : :
4 4 4 4 16 8
1 1 1
P (X:2):P (TT): ; :
4 4 16
the required probability distribution is
X:x 0 1 2
9 3 1
P (X:x)
16 8 16
Q. 13. Let X:number 4 appears on a die

p:probability of getting 4 on a die.
1 1 5
p: and q:19p:19 :
6 6 6
Given : n:2

1
X : B 2,
6
The p.m.f. of X is given by
P (X:x): nCx px q n9x

x
1 5 29x
i.e. p (x):Cx , x:0, 1, 2
6 6
P (occurrence of 4 at least once)
:P (X 1):p (1);p (2)

1 5 291
1 5 292
:C ;C
6 6 6 6
1 5 1
:2; ; ;1; ;1
6 6 36
10 1 11
: ; : .
36 36 36
Q. 14. y:(c ;c x) e x

e 9xy:c ;c x

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
e 9x. ;y.e 9x ;(91):0;c ;1
dx

dy
e 9x 9y :c
dx
Differentiating again w.r.t. x, we get

dy dy dy
e 9x 9 ; 9y .e 9x(91):0
dx dx dx

dy dy dy dy dy
e 9x 9 9 ;y :0 92 ;y:0
dx dx dx dx dx
This is the required D.E.
SECTION – C

1 2 3
Q. 15. Let A: 1 1 5
2 4 7

1 2 3
A : 1 1 5
2 4 7
:1(7920)92(7910);3(492)
: 913;6;6: 91"0
A\ exists.
Consider AA\:I
W1 2 3S W1 0 0S
T T T T
T 1 1 5 T A\: T 0 1 0 T
Y2 4 7V Y0 0 1V
By R 9R and R 92R , we get,

W1 2 3S W 1 0 0S
T 0 91 2 T A\: T 91 1 T
0T
T T T
Y0 0 1V Y 92 0 1V
By (91)R , we get,

W1 2 3S W 1 0 0S
T 0 1 92 T A\: T 1 91
T
0T
T T T
Y0 0 1V Y 92 0 1V
By R 92R , we get,

W1 0 7S W 91 2 0S
T 0 1 92 T A\: T 1 91
T
0T
T T T
Y0 0 1V Y 92 0 1V
By R 97R and R ;2R , we get,

W1 0 0S W 13 2 97 S
T 0 1 0 T A\: T 93 91 2T
T
T T T
Y0 0 1V Y 92 0 1V
W 13 2 97 S
T
A\ : T 93 91 2T
T
Y 92 0 1V

Q. 16.
Choose A as the origin, the X-axis along the line AB and the Y-axis perpendicular to
the X-axis through the origin A. Since LA 180°, C is above the X-axis. Draw CM
perpendicular to X-axis meeting it at M.
[Even though angle A is drawn as an acute angle, the proof is same even if the angle is
obtuse.]
B l(AB):c B Y (c, 0)
B l(AC):b C Y (b cos A, b sin A)
l (CM):b sin A ... (i)
Now select AB along the X-axis such that B as origin and A is on the negative side of
X-axis.
B is (0, 0) and CB makes an angle of (9B) with the positive side of X-axis.
C Y ( a cos (9B), a sin (9B) )
Y (9a cos B, a sin B)
l(CM):a sin B ... (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
b sin A:a sin B
a b
:
sin A sin B
b c
Similarly, we can prove that :
sin B sin C
a b c
: : .
sin A sin B sin C
Q. 17. Let a, b and r be the position vectors of the points A, B and R respectively w.r.t. some
origin O. Then,
AR:(p.v. of R)9(p.v. of A) :r9a
RB:(p.v. of B)9(p.v. of R) :b9r
R divides seg AB internally in the ratio m : n

AR m
: n·AR:m·RB and A–R–B
RB n
Now AR and RB are in the same direction
n·AR:m·RB
n·(r9a):m·( b9r)
n·r9n·a :m·b 9m·r
m·r;n·r:m·b;n·a
(m;n)r:mb;na
mb;na
r:
m;n
Q. 18. Q is the foot of the

perpendicular drawn from
P (2, 4, 3) to the line
joining A and B,
where A:(1, 2, 4) and B:(3, 4, 5).
Let Q:(x, y, z)
AQ has direction ratios x91, y92, z94
AB has direction ratios 391, 492, 594, i.e. 2, 2, 1
But A, Q, B are collinear
x91 y92 z94
: : :k … (Say)
2 2 1
x:2k;1, y:2k;2, z:k;4
Q:(2k;1, 2k;2, k;4)
PQ has direction ratios
2k;192, 2k;294, k;493
i.e. 2k91, 2k92, k;1
B PQ is perpendicular to AB
2 (2k91);2 (2k92);1 (k; 1):0
4k92;4k94;k;1:0
5
9k95:0 k:
9

5 5 5
Q:(2k;1, 2k;2, k;4): 2 ;1, 2 ;2, ;4
9 9 9

19 28 41
i.e. Q: , ,
9 9 9

Q. 19. Let b:i ;j ;k and c:2i 9j ;k
The vector perpendicular to the vectors b and c is given by

i j k
b;c: 1 1 1
2 91 1
:i (1;1)9j (192);k (9192)

:2i ;j 93k
Since the line is perpendicular to the vector b and c, it is parallel to b;c.
The vector equation of the line passing through A (a) and parallel to b;c is
r:a;(b;c), where is a scalar.
Here, a:i ;2j ;3k
Hence, the vector equation of the required line is r:(i ;2j ;3k ); (2i ;j 93k).
Q. 20. The line r:(i 92j 9k);(3i 98j;2k) is parallel to the vector b:3i 98j ;2k.
Since the plane is parallel to the vector a:2i ;3j 97k and the line, the normal vector
n to the plane is perpendicular to both the vectors a and b.

i j k
n:a;b: 2 3 97
3 98 2
:(6956)i 9(4;21)j ; (91699)k
: 950i 925j 925k
The vector equation of the plane passing through P (p) and perpendicular to n is
r· n:p· n
Here p: 9i ;j ;k
p . n:(9i ;j ;k)· (950i 925j 925k)
:(91)(950);1(925);1(925)
:50925925:0
the vector equation of the required plane is
r· (950i 925j 925k):0
r· (2i ;j ;k):0.
Q. 21. ex ;ey :ex;y … (1)

dy d
ex ;ey · :ex;y · (x;y)
dx dx
dy dy
ex ;ey ·
dx
:ex;y · 1;
dx
dy dy
ex ;ey :ex;y ;ex;y
dx dx
dy
(ey 9ex;y ) :ex;y 9ex
dx
dy ex;y 9ex
:
dx ey 9ex;y
ex ;ey 9ex
: y … [By (1)]
e 9ex 9ey
ey
: : 9ey9x .
9ex
Q. 22. Let x metres and y metres be the length and breadth of the rectangle.
Then its perimeter is 2(x;y):36
x;y:18
y:189x
Area of the rectangle:xy:x (189x)
Let f (x):x (189x):18x9x
d d
f (x): (18x9x):1892x and f (x): (1892x):092;1: 92
dx dx
Now, f (x):0, if 1892x:0
i.e. if x:9 and f (9): 92 0
by the second derivative test, f has maximum value at x:9.
When x:9, y:1899:9
x:9 cm, y:9 cm
the rectangle is a square of side 9 metres.
Q. 23. Let I: secx dx

: sec x secx dx

d
:sec x secx dx9 (sec x) secx dx dx
dx
:sec x tan x9 (sec x tan x)(tan x) dx
:sec x tan x9 sec x tanx dx
:sec x tan x9 sec x (secx91) dx
:sec x tan x9 secx dx; sec x dx
I:sec x tan x9I;log sec x;tan x
2I:sec x tan x;log sec x;tan x
1
I: [sec x tan x;log sec x;tan x ];c.
2

Q. 24. Let X:number of defective pens
p:probability of receiving the defective pen.
10 1
p: : :0.1
100 10
q:19p:190.1:0.9
Given : n:5
X : B (5, 0.1)
P(X:x): nCx pxqn9x
i.e. p (x):Cx (0.1)x (0.9)59x, x:0, 1, 2, …, 5
P (at least one defective pen):P (X 1)
:19P(X:0) :19p(0)
:19C (0.1)(0.9)590

:191;1;(0.9):19(0.9)
:190.59049
:0.40951.
Q. 25. Let X denote the number of aces when two cards are drawn with replacement.
Then X can take the value 0, 1, 2.
Since the cards are drawn with replacement, the outcomes of two draws are
independent of each other.
There are 4 aces in the deck of 52 playing cards.
4 1 1 12
P(ace): : and P(non-ace):19 :
52 13 13 13
P (X:0):P [non-ace and non-ace]
12 12 144
: ; :
13 13 169
P (X:0):P [ace and non-ace];P [non-ace and ace]
1 12 12 1
: ; ; ;
13 13 13 13
12 12 24
: ; :
169 169 169
and P(X:2):P [ace and ace]
1 1 1
: ; :
13 13 169
Hence, the required probability distribution is as follows :
X:x 0 1 2
144 24 1
P (X:x)
169 169 169
Q. 26. Let m be the mass of the radioactive element at time t.

dm
Then the rate of disintegration is which is proportional to m.
dt
dm
.m
dt
dm
: 9km, where k 0
dt
dm
: 9k dt
m
On integrating, we get
1
dm: 9k dt;c
m
log m: 9kt;c
Initially, i.e. when t:0, m:4.5
log (4.5): 9k;0;c

9
c:log
2

9
log m: 9kt;log
2
9
log m9log : 9kt
2

2m
log : 9kt
9
3
When m:1.5: , then
2
2;
log

9
: 9kt

1
log : 9kt
3
log (3)\: 9kt
9log 3: 9kt
1
t: log 3
k
1
the original mass will disintegrate to 0.5 gm when t: log 3.
k

SECTION – D
Q. 27. LHS : p ↔ q
Y (p ; q) u (q ; p) … (Biconditional Law)
Y (: p v q) u (: q v p) … (Conditional Law)
Y [: p u (: q v p) ] v [q u (:q v p)] … (Distributive Law)
Y [(:p u:q) v (:p u p)] v [(q u :q) v (q u p)] … (Distributive Law)
Y[(:pu:q)vF]v[Fv(qup)] … (Complement Law)
Y (:pu:q) v (q u p) … (Identity Law)
Y (:pu:q) v (p u q) … (Commutative Law)
Y (pu q) v (: p u : q) … (Commutative Law)
: RHS.
Q. 28. We have to show that

9 9 1 9 2(2
9 sin\ : sin\
8 4 3 4 3
i.e. to show that,

9 1 9 2(2 9
sin\ ; sin\ :
4 3 4 3 8

1
Let sin\ :x
3
1
sin x: , where 0 x
3 2
cos x 0
1 8 2(2
Now, cos x:(19sinx: 19 : :
9 9 3

2(2
x:cos\
3

1 2(2
sin\ :cos\ … (1)
3 3

9 1 9 2(2
LHS: sin\ ; sin\
4 3 4 3

9 1 2(2
: sin\ ;sin\
4 3 3

9 2(2 2(2
: cos\ ;sin\ … [By (1)]
4 3 3

9
: … B sin\x;cos\x:
4 2 2
9
: :RHS.
8

Q. 29. Consider a homogeneous equation of the second degree in x and y,
ax ; 2hxy ; by : 0 … (1)
Case I : If b : 0 (i.e. a " 0, h " 0), then the equation (1) reduces to ax ; 2hxy : 0
i.e. x(ax;2hy) : 0
This represents the two lines x : 0 and ax ; 2hy : 0, both passing through the origin.
Case II : If b " 0, then the equation (1), on dividing it by b, becomes
a 2hxy
x; ;y:0
b b
2h a
y ; xy : 9 x
b b
On completing the square and adjusting, we get
2h hx hx a
y; xy ; : 9 x
b b b b

h h 9 ab
y; x : x
b b
h (h 9 ab
y; x:< x
b b
9h (h 9 ab
y: x< x
b b

9h < (h 9 ab
y: x
b
the equation represents the two lines

9h ; (h 9 ab 9h 9 (h 9 ab
y: x and y : x
b b
Since none of these equations contains a constant term, both these lines pass
through the origin.
Thus the homogeneous equation (1) represents a pair of lines through the origin, if
h 9 ab 0.
Q. 30. First we draw the lines AB, CD and EF whose equations are x;4y:24, 3x;y:21
and x;y:9 respectively.
Line Equation Points on Points on Sign Region

AB x;4y:24 A (24, 0) B (0, 6) origin side of line AB
CD 3x;y:21 C (7, 0) D (0, 21) origin side of line CD
EF x;y:9 E (9, 0) F (0, 9) origin side of line EF

The feasible region is OCPQBO which is shaded in the graph.
The vertices of the feasible region are O (0, 0), C (7, 0), P, Q and B (0, 6).
P is the point of intersection of the lines
3x;y:21 … (1)
and x;y:9 … (2)
On subtracting, we get
2x:12 x:6
Substituting x:6 in equation (2), we get
6;y:9 y:3
P Y (6, 3)
Q is the point of intersection of the lines
x;4y:24 … (3)
and x;y:9 … (2)
On subtracting, we get
3y:15 y:5
Substituting y:5 in equation (2), we get
x;5:9 x:4
Q Y (4, 5)
the corner points of the feasible region are
O (0, 0), C (7, 0), P (6, 3), Q (4, 5) and B (0, 6).
The values of the objective function z:3x;5y at these corner points are
z (O):3(0);5(0):0;0:0
z (C) :3(7);5(0):21;0:21
z (P):3(6);5(3):18;15:33
z (Q):3(4);5(5):12;25:37
z (B):3(0);5(6):0;30:30
Q. 31. Let OA be the lamp post, MN the man,

MB:x his shadow and OM:y, the
distance of the man from the lamp post at
time t.
dy
Then :1.2 is the rate at which the man
dt
dx
is moving away from the lamp post. is the rate at which his shadow is lengthening.
dt
B is the tip of the shadow and it is at a distance of x;y from the lamp post.
d dx dy
(x;y): ; is the rate at which the tip of the shadow is moving.
dx dt dt
From the figure,
x x;y
:
1.8 4.5
45x:18x;18y
2
27 x:18y x: y
3
dx 2 dy 2
: . : (1.2):0.8 metre / sec.
dt 3 dt 3
dx dy
and ; :0.8;1.2:2 metres / sec.
dt dt
Hence (i) the shadow is lengthening at the rate of 0.8 metre/sec. and
(ii) the tip of shadow is moving at the rate of 2 metres / sec.
Q. 32. Let I : (x;a dx : (x;a . 1 dx

d
:(x;a . 1 dx9 ((x;a) . 1 dx dx
dx
1
:(x;a . x9 (2x;0) . x dx
2(x;a
x
:(x;a . x9 . x dx
(x;a
x;a9a
:x . (x;a9 dx
(x;a
dx
:x(x;a9 (x;a dx;a
(x;a
:x(x;a9I;a log x;(x;a ;c

2I : x(x;a;a log x;(x;a ;c

x a c
I : (x;a ; log x;(x;a ; .
2 2 2
x a c
(x;a dx: (x;a; log x;(x;a ;c, where c: .
2 2 2
1/2
dx
Q. 33. Let I:
(192x)(19x

Put x:sin dx:cos d
When x:0, sin :0:sin 0 :0
1 1
When x: , sin : :sin :
2 2 6 6
/6
cos d
I:
(192 sin )(19sin

/6
cos d
:
cos 2 (cos

/6 /6
cos d 1
: : d
cos 2 . cos cos 2

/6
: sec 2 d
/6
1
: [ log sec 2 ;tan 2 ]
2

1

: log sec ;tan
2

3

3
9log (sec 0;tan 0)

1
: [log (2;(3)9log 1]
2
: log (2;(3) … [ B log 1:0 ]

Q. 34.
To find the points of intersection of the curves, we equate the values of y from their
equations.
y:8x:99x
x;8x99:0
(x91)(x;9):0
x:1, x: 99
If x: 99, then from the equation of the parabola
y:8(99): 972 0 which is not possible
x " 99 x:1
When x:1, y:8;1:8
y:<2(2
the points of intersection are B (1, 2(2) and C (1, 92(2).
Required area:area of the region OCABO
:2 (area of the region OMABO)
:2 [(area of the region OMBO); (area of the region BMAB)]
Now, area of the region OMBO
:area under the parabola y:8x, i.e. y:2(2 (x
between x:0 and x:1

x3/2
: 2(2 (x dx:2(2
3/2

4(2 3/2 4(2
: (1 9 0):
3 3
Area of region BMAB
:area under the circle x;y:9, i.e. y:(99x
between x:1 and x:3

x 9 x
: (99x dx: (99x; sin 91
2 2 3

3 9 1 9 1
: (999; sin 911 9 (991; sin 91
2 2 2 2 3
9 9 1 9 9 1
: · 9(29 sin 91 : 9(29 sin 91
2 2 2 3 4 2 3

4(2 9 9 1
required area:2 ; 9(29 sin 91
3 4 2 3

8(2 9 1
: ; 92(299 sin 91 sq units
3 2 3

2(2 9 1
: ; 99 sin 91 sq units.
3 2 3

SECTION – A
Q. 1. (i) (a) q u p

(ii) (b)
2
(iii) (c) (13

(iv) (a) 92
1
(v) (c) 9
2(a9x
(vi) (b) log (x)9(log 3) · log (log 9x);c
(vii) (a) circles
(viii) (d) 54
Q. 2. (i) Comparing the equation x96xy;9y:0 with ax;2hxy;by:0, we get

a:1, h:93, b:9
h9ab:(93)91(9)
:999:0
lines represented by x96xy;9y:0 are coincident.
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(ii) The distance of point P () from the line r:a; b is
9a 9

(9a)·b
b
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(iii)
3x 94x
5x
dx:
3x 4x
9
5x 5x
dx

x x
3 4
: dx9 dx
5 5

x x
3 4
5 5
: 9 ;c

3 4
log log
5 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------

e
1
(iv) Required area: y dx, where y:
x
e
e
1 e
: dx:[log x]e
x
e
:log e9log e:2 log e91

:2(1)91:1 sq unit.
SECTION – B
Q. 3. (i) x:7 + A, x:8 + A, x:9 + A do not satisfy x;5 12. So the given statement is
false, hence its truth value is F.
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(ii) Clearly x:4 + A, x:5 + A, x:6 + A, x:7 + A, x:8 + A and x:9 + A satisfy
x;7 11. So the given statement is true, hence its truth value is T.
Q. 4. We have AX:I
W1 2S W1 0S
T T X: T T
Y3 4V Y0 1V
By R 93R , we get,

W1 2S W 1 0S
T T X: T T
Y 0 92 V Y 93 1 V

1
By 9 R , we get,
2
W1 2S W1 0S
T T X: T 3 1T
Y0 1V T 9 T
Y2 2V
By R 92R , we get,

W1 0S W 92 S 1
T T X: T 3 1T
Y0 1V T 9 T
Y 2 2V
W 92 1S
X: T 3 1T
T 9 T
Y 2 2V

Q. 5. Here x:1 and y: 9(3
the point lies in the fourth quadrant.

Let the polar coordinates be (r, ).
Then, r:x;y:(1);(9(3)
:1;3:4
r:2 … [B r 0]
x 1
cos : :
r 2
y (3
and sin : : 9
r 2
tan : 9(3
Since, the point lies in the fourth quadrant and 0 2.

tan : 9(3: 9tan
3

:tan 29 … [B tan (29 ): 9tan ]
3
5
:tan
3
5
:
3

5
the polar coordinates of the given point are 2, .
3
Q. 6. The auxiliary equation of the lines represented by 3x;kxy;2y:0 is

2m;km;3:0.
Given that 2x;y:0 is one of the lines represented by 3x;kxy;2y:0.
The slope of the line 2x;y:0 is 92.
m:92 is a root of the auxiliary equation 2m;km;3:0.
2(92);k(92);3:0
892k;3:0
2k:11
11
k:
2

Q. 7. Let, if possible, a line in space make angles and with X-axis and Y-axis.
6 4

: , :
6 4
Let the line make angle with Z-axis.
B cos;cos ;cos :1

cos ;cos ;cos :1
6 4

(3 1
; ;cos :1
2 (2
3 1 1
cos :19 9 : 9
4 2 4
This is not possible, because cos is real.
cos cannot be negative.

Hence, there is no line in space which makes angles and with X-axis and Y-axis.
6 4
Q. 8. If n is a unit vector along the normal and p is the length of the perpendicular from origin
to the plane, then the vector equation of the plane is r·n :p
Here, n:2i ;j 92k and p:42
n:(2;1;(92):(9:3
n 1
n: : (2i ;j 92k )
n 3

1
r· (2i ;j 92k ) :42
3
i.e. r· (2i ;j 92k ):126.
Q. 9. Let r be the radius and S be the surface area of the soap bubble at any time t.
Then S:4r
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get
dS dr
:4;2r
dt dt
dS dr
:8r … (1)
dt dt
dr
Now, :0.02 cm/sec and r:5 cm
dt
dS
(1) gives, :8(5)(0.02)
dt
:0.8
Hence, the surface area of the soap bubble is increasing at the rate of 0.8 cm/sec.
1
Q. 10. Let I: dx
x(x9a
Put x:a sec

x
dx:a sec tan d and :sec\
a
a sec tan
I: d
a sec (asec 9a
tan
: d
(a(sec 91)
tan
: d
a(tan
1 1
: d : ;c
a a

1 x
: sec\ ;c.
a a
dx 1
Q. 11. : dx
x;4x;8 (x;4x;4);4
1
: dx
(x;2);2
1
: tan 91
2
x;2
2
;c

/4
Q. 12. Let I: sec x dx

/4
: sec x · sec x dx

/4
: (1;tan x) sec x dx

Put tan x:t
sec x dx:dt
When x:0, t:tan 0:0

When x: , t:tan :1
4 4

I: (1;t) dt: t;

3
t

1 4
:1; 90: .
3 3
Q. 13. Let 2a and 2b be lengths of major axis and minor axis of the ellipse.
Then 2a:2(2b)
a:2b
equation of the ellipse is
x y
; :1
a b
x y
i.e. ; :1
(2b) b
x y
; :1
4b b
x;4y:4b
dy
2x;4;2y :0
dx
dy
x;4y :0
dx
Q. 14. When a fair die is thrown, then the sample space S:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Let X denote the number of factors of the number on the upper face.
Then X can take the value 1, 2, 3, 4.
The number of factors of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4 respectively.
1
P [X:1]:P [1]:
6
3
P [X:2]:P [2, 3, 5]:
6
1
P [X:3]:P [4]:
6
1
P [X:4]:P [6]:
6
the probability distribution of X is as follows :
X:x 1 2 3 4
1 3 1 1
P [X:x]
6 6 6 6
SECTION – C
Q. 15. By the sine rule,
a b c
: : :k
sin A sin B sin C
a:k sin A, b:k sin B, c:k sin C

b9c A
RHS: cos
a 2

k sin B9k sin C A
: cos
k sin A 2

sin B9sin C A
: cos
sin A 2

B;C B9C
2 cos · sin
2 2 A
: · cos
A A 2
2 sin · cos
2 2

B;C B9C
cos · sin
2 2
:
A
sin
2

A B9C
cos 9 · sin
2 2 2
: … [B A;B;C:]
A
sin
2

A B9C
sin · sin
2 2
:
A
sin
2

B9C
:sin :LHS.
2

1 1 1
Q. 16. 2 tan\ :tan\ ;tan\
3 3 3

1 1
;
3 3
:tan\
1 1
19 ;
3 3

2 9 3
:tan\ ; :tan\ … (1)
3 8 4

3
Let tan\ :
4
3
Then tan : , where 0
4 2
sin 0, sec 0, cos 0
9 25
sec :1;tan :1; :
16 16
5
sec :
4
4
cos :
5
sin 3
tan : :
cos 4
3 3 4 3
sin : cos : ; :
4 4 5 5
:sin 91
3
5
tan 91

3
4
:sin 91
3
5
.... (2)
LHS:2 tan 91
1
3
;cos 91
3
5
:tan 91

3
4
;cos 91
3
5
... [By (1)]
:sin 91

3
5
;cos 91
3
5
... [By (2)]

: :RHS
2
... B sin 91 x;cos 91 x:

2
Q. 17. Let m and m be the slopes of the lines represented by the equation

ax;2hxy;by:0. ... (1)
Then their separate equations are
y:m x and y:m x

their combined equation is
(m x9y)(m x9y):0

i.e. m m x9(m ;m ) xy;y:0 ... (2)

Since (1) and (2) represent the same two lines, comparing the coefficients, we get,
m m 9(m ;m ) 1
: :
a 2h b
2h a
m ;m :9 and m m :
b b
(m 9m ):(m ;m )94m m

4h 4a 4 (h9ab)
: 9 :
b b b
m 9m :
2(h9ab
b
If is the acute angle between the lines, then

m 9m
tan : , if m m "91
1;m m

(2(h9ab)/b a
: , if "91
1;(a/b) b

2(h9ab
tan : , if a;b"0.
a;b
Q. 18. Let a, b, c and d be respectively the position vectors of the vertices A, B, C and D of the
parallelogram ABCD.
Then AB:DC and side AB side DC.
AB:DC
b9a:c9d
a;c:b;d
a;c b;d
: ... (1)
2 2
The position vectors of the midpoints of the diagonals AC and BD are (a;c)/2 and
(b;d)/2.
By (1), they are equal.

the midpoints of the diagonals AC and BD are the same.
This shows that the diagonals AC and BD bisect each other.
Conversely, suppose that the diagonals AC and BD of )ABCD bisect each other,
i.e. they have the same midpoint.
the position vectors of their midpoints are equal.
a;c b;d
: a;c:b;d
2 2
b9a:c9d AB:DC
AB DC and AB : DC
side AB side DC and AB:DC.
)ABCD is a parallelogram.
Q. 19. Given, p;q;r:0 … (1)

and p;q9r:0 … (2)
From (1), p: 9(q;r)
Putting the value of p in equation (2), we get,
[9(q;r)];q9r:0
q;2qr;r;q9r:0
2q;2qr:0
2q(q;r):0
2q:0 or q;r:0
q:0 or q: 9r
Now, p: 9(q;r), therefore, if q:0, p: 9(0;r):9r
p: 9r and q:0
p r
: and q:0
1 91
the direction ratios of the first vector are
a :1, b :0, c : 91

If q: 9r, p: 9(9r;r):0
p:0 and q: 9r
q r
p:0 and :
1 91
the direction ratios of the second vector are
a :0, b :1, c : 91

Let be the angle between the vectors.
Then cos :
a a ;b b ;c c

(a ;b ;c · (a ;b ;c

:
1(0);0 (1);(91)(91)
(1;0;(91) · (0;1;(91)
:
1
(2 · (2 :
1
2

cos :cos
3

: .
3
Q. 20. Let PM be the perpendicular drawn from the point P(2, 93, 1) to the line
x;1 y93 z;1

: : : ... (Say)
2 3 91
The coordinates of any point on the line are given by
x: 91;2, y:3;3, z: 919
Let the coordinates of M be
(91;2, 3;3, 919) … (1)
The direction ratios of PM are
91;292, 3;3;3, 91991
i.e. 293, 3;6, 992
The direction ratios of the given line are 2, 3, 91.
Since PM is perpendicular to the given line, we get
2(293);3(3;6)91(992):0
496;9;18;;2:0
14;14:0 : 91.
Put :91 in (1), the coordinates of M are
(9192, 393, 91;1) i.e. (93, 0, 0).
length of perpendicular from P to the given line
:PM:((9392);(0;3);(091)
:(25;9;1
:(35 units.
Q. 21. y:cot 91
xx 9x 9x
2
:tan 91
2
x 9x 9x
x
...
B cot 91x:tan 91

1
x

2
:tan 91
1
xx 9
xx
W 2xx S
:tan 91 T x T
Y(x )91V
Put xx :tan ,
:tan 91 (xx)
W 2 tan S
y:tan 91 T T
Ytan 91V
W S

2 tan
:tan 91 T 9 T
Y 19tan V
:tan 91 [9tan 2 ]:tan 91 [tan (92 )]
: 92 : 92 tan 91 (xx)
dy d
:92 [tan 91 (xx)]
dx dx
1 d
:92; x
· (xx)
1;(x ) dx
92 d
: x
· (xx) ... (1)
1;(x ) dx
Let u:xx
Then log u:log xx :x log x
1 du d
· : (x log x)
u dx dx
d d
:x (log x);(log x) · (x)
dx dx
1
:x; ;(log x);1
x
du
:u (1;log x)
dx
d x
(x ):xx (1;log x)
dx
from (1),
dy 92
: x
;xx (1;log x)
dx 1;(x )

dy
dx at x:1
:
92
1;(1)
;(1) (1;log 1)
92
: ;(1;0):91.
2
1
Q. 22. f (x):3x;
3x
d 1 d 91
f (x):3 (x); (x )
dx 3 dx
1 1
:3;1; (91) x 92 :39
3 3x
Now, f is increasing if f (x) 0.

1
Let x + ,1 .
3
1
Then x 1
3
1
x 1
9
1
3x 3
3
1 1
3
3x 3
1 1
93 9 9
3x 3
1 1
3 93 39 39
3x 3
8
0 f (x)
3

1
f (x) 0 for all x + ,1
3

1,
f is increasing in the interval 1 .
3

cos x cos x
Q. 23. Let I: dx: dx
cos 3x 4 cos x93 cos x
cos x
: dx
cos x (4 cos x93)
1
: dx
4 cos x93
sec x
: dx ... [Dividing numerator and denominator by cos x]
493 sec x
sec x
: dx
493 (1;tan x)
sec x
: dx
193 tan x
Put tan x:t
sec x dx:dt
1
I: dt
193t
1 1 1 1
: dt: dt

3 1 3 1
9t 9t
3 (3

1
;t
1 1 (3
: ; log ;c
3 1 1
2; 9t
(3 (3
:
2 (3
1
log
1;(3t
19(3t ;c
:
2 (3
1
log
1;(3tan x
19(3 tan x ;c
Q. 24.
By the symmetry of the ellipse, its area is equal to 4 times the area of the region OABO.
Clearly for this region, the limits of integration are 0 and 5.
From the equation of the ellipse
y x 259x
:19 :
16 25 25
16
y: (259x)
25
In the first quadrant y 0
4
y: (259x
5
area of the ellipse:4 (area of the region OABO)
4
:4 y dx:4 (259x dx
5

16
: (259x dx
5

16 x 25 x
: (259x; sin 9
5 2 2 5

16 5 25 16 0 25
: (25925; sin 9 (1) 9 (2590; sin 9 (0)
5 2 2 5 2 2
16 25
: ; ;
5 2 2
:20 sq units.
Q. 25. X takes values 0 and 1.
It is given that
30
P(X:0):P(0):30%: :0.3
100
70
P(X:1):P(1):70%: :0.7
100
E(X):xi ·P(xi):0;0.3;1;0.7:0.7
Also, xi·P(xi):0;0.3;1;0.7:0.7
variance:V(X):xi·P(xi)9[E(X)]
:0.79(0.7)
:0.790.49
:0.21
Hence, E(X):0.7 and Var(X):0.21.

Q. 26. Let X : number of families who own a television set
p:probability of family who own a television set

80 4
p:80% : :
100 5
4 1
q:19p:19 :
5 5
Given : n:10

4
X : B 10,
5
The p.m.f. of X is given as
P [X:x]: nCx pxqn9x

x
4 1 109x
i.e. p (x):Cx , x:0, 1, 2, …, 10
5 5
P (at most three families own a television set)
:P[X 3]:P[X:0];P[X:1];P [X:2];P [X:3]
:p (0);p (1);p (2);p (3)

4 1 1090
4 1 1091
4 1 1092
:C ;C ; C ;
5 5 5 5 5 5

4 1 1093
C
5 5

1 4 1 10;9 4 1 10;9;8 4 1
:(1) ;10 ; · ; ·
5 5 5 1;2 5 5 1;2;3 5 5

1
:[1;40;45;16;120;64]
5
1;40;720;7680 8441
: :
5 9765625
P [X 3]:0.00086
Hence, the probability that at most three families own a television set is 0.00086.

SECTION – D
Q. 27.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
p q r qur p;(qur) p ; q p ; r (p ; q) u (p ; r)
T T T T T T T T
T T F F F T F F
T F T F F F T F
T F F F F F F F
F T T T T T T T
F T F F T T T T
F F T F T T T T
F F F F T T T T
The entries in the columns 5 and 8 are identical.

p;(qur) Y (p ; q) u (p ; r).
W1 2S
Q. 28. A: T T
Y3 4V
Here, a :1, M :4

A :(91)> M :4

a :2, M :3

A :(91)> M :91(3):93

a :3, M :2

A :(91)> M :91(2):92

a :4, M :1

A :(91)> M :1.

WA A S W 4 92 S
adj A: T T : T T
Y A A V Y 93 1 V
W 1 2 S W 4 92 S
A (adj A): T TT T
Y 3 4 V Y 93 1V
W 496 92;2 S W 92 0S
:T T:T T ... (1)
Y 12912 96;4 V Y 0 92 V
W 4 92 S W 1 2 S
(adj A) A: T TT T
Y 93 1VY3 4V
W 496 898 S W 92 0S
:T T:T T ... (2)
Y 93;3 96;4 V Y 0 92 V
A:

1 2
3 4
:496:92
W 1 0 S W 92 0S
A · I:92 T T:T T ... (3)
Y 0 1 V Y 0 92 V
From (1), (2) and (3), we get
A (adj A):(adj A):A · I.
Q. 29. Let OP represent the vector r and OA, OB, OC represent the three non-coplanar vectors
a, b and c respectively.
Through P draw planes parallel to the planes BOC, COA and AOB intersecting the
lines OA, OB and OC in L, M and N respectively.
Now OL and a are collinear vectors. Hence there exists a non-zero scalar x such that
OL:xa.
Similarly, OM and b are collinear and ON and c are collinear. Hence there exist
non-zero scalars y and z such that OM:yb and ON:zc.
Now, OP:OL;LP
r:OL;LQ;QP
:OL;OM;ON :xa;yb;zc
Thus, r is expressed as a linear combination of a, b, c, i.e. xa;yb;zc.
Uniqueness :
Let, if possible, r:xa;yb;zc, where x, y, z are scalars. Then
xa;yb;zc:xa;yb;zc
(x9x) a;(y9y) b:(z9z) c … (1)
We note that uniqueness of the linear combination for r will be established if we show
that x:x, y:y and z:z.
Suppose on the contrary that z"z, i.e. z9z"0.
Then dividing both sides of (1) by z9z ("0), we get
x9x y9y
c: a; b
z9z z9z
This shows that c is expressed as a linear combination of a and b.
a, b and c are coplanar.
This is a contradiction, since a, b and c are given to be non-coplanar.
z:z
Similarly, we can show that x:x and y:y.
This proves the uniqueness of the linear combination
xa;yb;zc.
Q. 30. First we draw the lines AB, OC and AD whose equations are x;2y:50, 2x9y:0
and 2x;y:100 respectively.

AB x;2y:50 A (50, 0) B (0, 25) non-origin side of
line AB
OC 2x9y:0 O (0, 0) C (10, 20) the side where B lies
AD 2x;y:100 A (50, 0) D (0, 100) non-origin side of
line AD
The feasible region is BCPDB which is shaded in the graph.

The vertices of the feasible region are B (0, 25), C (10, 20), P and D (0, 100).
2x;y:100 … (1)
and 2x9y:0
On adding, we get
4x:100
x:25
from (1), 2(25);y:100
50;y:100
y:50
P:(25, 50)
The values of the objective function z:x;2y at these vertices are
z (B):0 ;2(25) : 50
z (C) :10;2(20) : 50
z (P):25;2(50) :125
z (D):0 ;2(100):200
z has minimum value 50 at two consecutive vertices B and C.
z has minimum value 50 at every point of segment joining the points B (0, 25) and
C (10, 20).
Hence, there are infinite number of optimal solutions.
Q. 31. x:cos t, y:emt

91
t:cos 91 x and y:em cos x
... (1)
dy d m cos 91
: (e x
)
dx dx
91 d
:em cos x
· (m cos 91 x)
dx
91 91
:em cos x
;m;
(19x
dy
(19x :9my ... [By (1)]
dx
(19x)
dy
dx
:my
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get,
(19x) ·
d dy
dx dx
;
dy d
dx
d
· (19x):m · (y)
dx dx
(19x) · 2
dy dy
·
dx dx
;
dy
dx
(092x):m;2y
dy
dx
dy
Cancelling 2 throughout, we get,
dx
dy dy
(19x) 9x :my
dx dx
dy dy
(19x) 9x 9 my:0.
dx dx
Q. 32. Let r be the radius, S be the surface area and V be the volume of the spherical balloon at
any time t.
4
Then S:4r and V: r
3
dS dr dr
:4;2r :8r … (1)
dt dt dt
dV 4 dr dr
and : ;3r :4r
dt 3 dt dt
dr 1 dS
From (1), : ·
dt 8r dt
dV 1 dS
:4r;
dt 8r dt
dV r dS
: · … (2)
dt 2 dt
dS
Now, :2 cm/sec and r:6 cm
dt
dV 6
(2) gives, : ;2:6
dt 2
Hence, the volume of the spherical balloon is increasing at the rate of 6 cm/sec.

log (x;1)
Q. 33. Let I: dx
x;1

Put x:tan . dx:sec d and
x;1:tan ;1:sec
When x:0, tan :0 :0
When x:1, tan :1 :/4
/4
log (tan ;1) .
I: sec d
sec

/4
: log (1;tan ) d ... (1)

a a
We use the property, f (x) dx: f (a9x) dx.

Here, a: . Hence changing by 9 , we have,
4 4
/4

I:
log 1;tan 4
9 d

/4

19tan
: log 1; d
1;tan

/4

1;tan ;19tan
: log d
1;tan

/4

2
: log d
1;tan

/4
: [log 29log (1;tan )] d

/4 /4
:log 2 1 d 9 log (1;tan ) d

/4

:(log 2) [ ] 9I: log 29I
4

2I: log 2
4

I: log 2.
8
Q. 34. Let °C be the temperature of the body at time t. The temperature of the surrounding is
given to be 20 °C.
According to Newton’s law of cooling
d
. 920
dt
d
: 9k ( 920), where k 0
dt
d
: 9k dt
920
On integrating, we get
1
d : 9k dt
920
log ( 920): 9kt;c
Initially, i.e. when t:0, :100
log (100920): 9k;0;c
c:log 80
log ( 920): 9kt;log 80
log ( 920)9log 80: 9kt

920
log : 9kt … (1)
80
Now, when t:20, :60

60920
log : 9k;20
80

40
log : 920 k
80

1 1
k: 9 log
20 2

920 t 1
(1) becomes, log : log
80 20 2
When :30, then

30920 t 1
log : log
80 20 2

t
1 1
log :log 20
8 2

1 t
1 1
20
: :
2 8 2
t
:3
20
t:60
the body will cool down to 30 °C in 60 minutes, i.e. in 1 hour.

SECTION – A
1
Q. 1. (i) (a)
(2

(ii) (b)
3
(iii) (b) 2, 1, 96
(iv) (c) 4x92y95z:45
29
(v) (d)
15
(vi) (c) 91
(vii) (a) ex9y :x;1
16
(viii) (b)
25
Q. 2. (i) The negation of given statement is :

‘ T x + N, x;8 11.’
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(ii) Let sin\ sin

5
3
:
5
sin :sin , where 9
3 2 2
5
But : does not satisfy 9 .
3 2 2

Hence, we have to find the value of which satisfy 9 .
2 2
5
B :29
3 3

sin :sin 29 : 9sin :sin 9
3 3 3

: 9 , where 9 9
3 2 3 2

5
sin 91 sin :9 .
3 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------

19cos 2x
(iii) sinx dx: dx
2
1 1
: 1dx9 cos 2x dx
2 2
1 1 sin 2x
: . x9 . ;c
2 2 2
1 1
: x9 sin 2x;c.
2 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(iv) The equation of the line parallel to the line 2x;3y;4:0 is 2x;3y;c:0,
where c is an arbitrary constant.
dy
2;1;3 ;0:0
dx
dy
3 ;2:0
dx
SECTION – B
Q. 3. Since p ; q Y : p v q, the given statements can be written as :
(i) 2 is not a rational number or (2 is irrational number.
(ii) f (2) " 0 or f (x) is divisible by (x92).
Q. 4. The negation of (p u q) ; (: p v r) is
: [ ( p u q) ; (: p v r) ]
Y (p u q) u : (: p v r) ] … (Negation of implication)
Y (p u q) u [: (: p) u (:r) ] … (Negation of disjunction)
Y (p u q) u (p u:r) … (Negation of negation)
Y q u p u p u: r … (Commutative law)
Y q u p u : r. … (Idempotent law)
W1 W 1 91 S
2 3S T T
Q. 5. AB: T T;T 1 2T
Y 1 92 93 V Y
1 92 V
W 1(1);2(1);3(1) 1(91);2(2);3(92) S
:T T
Y 1(1);(92)(1);(93)(1) 1(91);(92)(2);(93)(92) V
W 1;2;3 91;4 96 S
:T T
Y 19293 9194;6 V
W 6 93 S
:T T
Y 94 1V
6 93
AB :
94 1
:6912: 96"0

AB is a non-singular matrix.
Hence, (AB)\ exists.
Q. 6. Comparing the equation 3x;4xy;ky:0 with ax;2hxy;by:0, we get

a:3, 2h:4, b:k.
Let m and m be the slopes of the lines represented by 3x;4xy;ky:0.

2h 4
Then m ;m : 9 : 9 … (1)
b k
a 3
and m m : : … (2)
b k
Also, m :3m … (3)

4
From (1) and (3), 3m ;m : 9
k
4
4m : 9
k
1
m :9 … (4)
k
3
From (2) and (3), (3m ) (m ):
k
3
3m : -
k
1
m :
k

1 1
9 : … [By (4)]
k k
1 1
:
k k
k:1. … [B k " 0]
Q. 7. AB:(p.v. of B)9(p.v. of A)
:5b93a … (1)
AC:(p.v. of C)9(p.v. of A)
:15b96a93a
:15b99a:3 (5b93a) … (2)
From (1) and (2), AC:3AB
AC is non-zero scalar multiple of AB
the vectors AB and AC are collinear and they have the point A in common.
the vectors AB and AC lie on the same line.
the points A, B and C are collinear.

Q. 8. Let :45°, :60°.
We have to find
B cos;cos;cos:1
cos45°;cos60°;cos:1

(2
1
;
1
2
;cos:1
1 1
; ;cos:1
2 4
1 1 1
cos:19 9 :
2 4 4
1
cos :<
2
1 1
cos : or cos : 9
2 2
cos :cos

3

or cos : 9cos :cos 9 :cos
2
3 3
2
3
: or :
3 3
2
Hence, the third direction angle is or .
3 3

x9y
Q. 9. log :2
x;y
x9y
:10:100
x;y
x9y:100x;100y
101y: 999x
999
y: x
101
dy 999
3y : ;3x
dx 101
dy 99x
:9 .
dx 101y

(3 cos x9sin x
Q. 10. Let y:cos\
2

(3 1
:cos\ (cos x) 9(sin x)
2 2

:cos\ cos x cos 9sin x sin
6

6 …
(3
B cos :
6 2
1
, sin :
6 2

:cos\ cos x;

6

:x;
6
dy d
:
dx dx
x;

6
:
d
dx
(x);
d
dx 6
:1;0:1.
d d d
Q. 11. [eV . f (x)]:eV . [ f (x) ];f (x) . (eV )
dx dx dx
:eV . f (x);f (x) . eV:eV [ f (x);f (x) ]
by the definition of indefinite integral,
eV [ f (x);f (x) ] dx:eV . f (x);c
1
Q. 12. dx
(3;2x9x
1
: dx
(39(x92x;1);1
1
: dx
((2)9(x91)

x91
: sin\
2

1
:sin\ (0)9sin\ 9
2

:09sin\ 9sin
6

: 9sin\ sin 9 :9 9 : .
6 6 6
Q. 13. y:(x;c) … (1)

dy
2y :3 (x;c)· (1):3 (x;c)
dx
2y dy
(x;c): ·
3 dx

2y dy
(x;c): .
3 dx

8y dy
(y): · … [By (1)]
27 dx

dy
27y:8y
dx

dy
27y:8
dx

dy
8 927y:0
dx
Q. 14. Let X:number of doublets.

p:probability of getting a doublet when a pair of dice is thrown
6 1
p: : and
36 6
1 5
q:19p:19 :
6 6
Given : n:4

1
X : B 4,
6
P(X:x): nCx px qn9x

x
1 5 49x
i.e. p(x):Cx , x:0, 1, 2, 3, 4
6 6
P(2 successes):P(X:2)

1 5 492
:p(2):C
6 6

4! 1 5
:
2 !·2 ! 6 6
4·3· 2 ! 1 25
: ; ;
2 !·2· 1 36 36
25
:
216
25
Hence, the probability of two successes is .
216

SECTION – C
Q. 15. p q :q p;:q p u (p; : q) [ p u (p; : q) ] ; p
T T F F F T
T F T T T T
F T F T F T
F F T T F T
All the entries in the last column of the above truth table are T.
[p u (p ; : q)] ; p is a tautology.
Q. 16.
Let us take the angle C of RABC in standard position, i.e. C as origin, X-axis along the
line CA and the Y-axis perpendicular to the line CA.
In the two figures, L C is shown as acute in one and obtuse in the other.
B l(CA):b A Y (b, 0)
Let B Y (x, y). Since l(CB):a, we have
x y
cos C: and sin C:
a a
x:a cos C and y:a sin C
B Y (a cos C, a sin C).
by the distance formula,
c:AB:(b9a cosC);(09a sin C)
:b92ab cos C;a cosC;a sinC
:a(cosC;sinC);b92ab cos C
c:a;b92ab cos C.
Q. 17. Let a, b, c be coplanar vectors.

Case I : Suppose that any two of a, b and c are collinear vectors, say a and b.
there exist scalars x and y at least one of which is non-zero such that xa;yb:0.
xa;yb;zc:0 is required non-zero linear combination where z:0.
Case II : None of the two vectors a, b and c are collinear.

Then any one of them, say a, will be the linear combination of b and c.
there exist scalars and such that
a : b;c
(9 1) a ; b ; c : 0, i.e. xa ; yb ;zc : 0
where x : 9 1, y : , z : which are not all zero simultaneously.
Conversely : Let there exist scalars x, y, z not all zero such that
xa ; yb ; zc : 0 … (1)
Let x " 0, then divide (1) by x, we get

y z
i.e. a ; b; c:0
x x

y z
a: 9 b; 9 c
x x
9y 9z
i.e. a : b ; c , where : and : are scalars.
x x
a is the linear combination of b and c.
Hence, a, b, c are coplanar.
Q. 18. Given, 5l;m;3n:0 … (1)

and 5mn92nl;6lm:0 … (2)
From (1), m: 9(5l;3n)
Putting the value of m in equation (2), we get,
95(5l;3n)n92nl96l (5l;3n):0
925ln915n92nl930l918ln:0
930l945ln915n:0
2l;3ln;n:0
2l;2ln;ln;n:0
2l (l;n);n (l;n):0
(l;n)(2l;n):0
l;n:0 or 2l;n:0
l: 9n or n: 92l
Now, m: 9(5l;3n), therefore, if l: 9n,
m: 9(95n;3n):2n
m
9l: :n
2
l m n
: :
91 2 1
the direction ratios of the first line are
a : 91, b :2, c :1

If n: 92l, m: 9(5l96l):l
n
l:m:
92
l m n
: :
1 1 92
the direction ratios of the second line are
a : 1, b :1, c :92

Let be the angle between the lines.

a a ;b b ;c c
Then cos :
(a ;b ;c · (a ;b ;c

(91)(1);2(1);1(92)
:
((91);2;1 · (1;1;(92)

91;292 91 1
: : :
(6 · (6 6 6

1
:cos\ .
6
Q. 19. The line r:(i ;j 9k); (2i 92j ;k) is parallel to the vector b:2i 92j ;k and the
line r:(2i ;j 93k); (i 92j ;2k) is parallel to the vector c:i 92j ;2k.
The vector perpendicular to the vectors b and c is given by

i j k
b;c: 2 92 1
1 92 2
:i (94;2)9j (491);k (94;2)
: 92i 93j 92k
Since the required line is perpendicular to the given lines, it is perpendicular to both b
and c.
it is parallel to b;c
The equation of the line passing through A (a) and parallel to b;c is
r:a; (b;c), where is a scalar.
Here, a:3i 9j ;2k
the equation of the required line is
r:(3i 9j ;2k); (92i 93j 92k) or
r:(3i 9j ;2k); (2i ; 3j ; 2k), where : 9 .

Q. 20. The vector equation of the plane passing through the point A(a) and parallel to the
vectors b and c is
r· (b;c):a· (b;c) … (1)
Here, a: 92i ;7j ;5k, b:4i 9j ;3k, c:i ;j ;k

i j k
b;c: 4 91 3
1 1 1
:(9193) i 9(493) j ;(4;1) k
: 94i 9j ;5k
a· (b;c):( 92i ;7j ;5k )· (94i 9j ;5k )

:(92)(94);(7)(91);(5)(5)
:897;25:26
from (1), the vector equation of the required plane is r· (94i 9j ;5k ):26.
Q. 21. xy :ex9y
log xy :log ex9y
y log x:(x9y) log e
y log x :x9y … [B log e:1]
y;y log x:x
y (1;log x):x
x
y:
1;log x

dy d x
:
dx dx 1;log x
d d
(1;log x) · (x)9x (1;log x)
dx dx
:
(1;log x)

1
(1;log x) · 19x 0;
x
:
(1;log x)
1;log x91
:
(1;log x)
log x
: .
(1;log x)

Q. 22. Let r be the radius, S be the surface area and V be the volume of the sphere at any time t.
4
Then S:4r and V: r
3
dS dr dr
:4;2r :8r
dt dt dt
dV 4 dr dr
and : ;3r :4r … (1)
dt 3 dt dt
dr 1 dV
From (1), :
dt 4r dt
dS 1 dV
:8r;
dt 4r dt
dS 2 dV
: · … (2)
dt r dt
dV
Now, :20 cm/sec and r:5 cm
dt
dS 2
(2) gives, : ;20:8
dt 5
Hence, the surface area of the sphere is changing at the rate 8 cm/sec.
Q. 23. x tan 91x dx: (tan 91x ) . x dx

d
:(tan 91x) x dx9 (tan 91x) x dx dx
dx
x 1 . x
:(tan 91x) . 9 dx
2 1;x 2
1 1 (1;x)91
: x tan 91x9 dx
2 2 1;x

1 1 1
: x tan 91x9 19 dx
2 2 1;x
1 1 1 1
: x tan 91x9 1dx; dx
2 2 2 1;x
1 1 1
: x tan 91 x9 x; tan 91 x;c.
2 2 2

x x
x dy
Q. 24. (1;2e );2e y y
19 :0
y dx

x x
x 1
(1;2ey );2ey 19 y · :0

dx
dy

x x
dx x
(1;2ey ) ;2ey 19 :0 … (1)
dy y
x
Put :u
y
x:uy
dx du
:u;y
dy dy

du
(1) becomes, (1;2eu ) u;y ;2eu (19u):0
dy

du
u;2ueu ;y 1;2eu ;2eu 92ueu :0
dy
du
(u;2eu );y(1;2eu ) :0
dy
dy 1;2eu
; du:0
y u;2eu
1 1;2eu
dy; du:c
y u;2eu
log y;log u;2eu :log c, where c :log c

d f (u)
… B (u;2eu):1;2eu and du:log f (u);c
du f (u)
log y(u;2eu ):log c
y (u;2eu ):c

x
x
y ;2e y :c
y
x
x;2ye y :c
Q. 25. When a coin is tossed twice, the sample space is S:HH, HT, TH, HH
Let X denote the amount he wins.
Then X takes values 10, 5, 2.
1
P(X:10):P(2 heads appear):
4
2 1
P(X:5):P(1 head appears): :
4 2
1
P(X:2):P(no head appears):
4
We construct the following table to calculate the mean and the variance of X :
xi P (xi) xi P (xi) xi P (xi)
1 5
10 25
4 2
1 5 25
5
2 2 2
1 1
2 1
4 2
Total 1 5.5 38.5
From the table, xi P(xi ):5.5, xi · P(xi ):38.5
E(X): xi P(xi ):5.5
Var (X): xi P(xi )9[E(X)]
:38.59(5.5)
:38.5930.25:8.25
Hence, expected winning amount:‘ 5.5 and variance of winning

amount:‘ 8.25.
Q. 26. Let X:number of correct answers.

p:probability that a candidate gets correct answer from three possible answers.
1 1 2
p: and q:19p:19 :
3 3 3
Given : n:5

1
X : B 5,
3
P(X:x): nCx px qn9x, x:0, 1, 2, 4, 5

x
1 2 59x
i.e. p(x):Cx , x:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
3 3
P (four or more correct answers):P[X 4]:p(4);p(5)

1 2 594 1 2 595
:C ;C
3 3 3 3

1 2 1 2
:5; ; ;1;
3 3 3 3

1 2 1
: 5; ;
3 3 3

1 10 1 1 11 11
: ; : ; :
3 3 3 81 3 243
11
Hence, the probability of getting four or more correct answers: .
243
SECTION – D
Q. 27. The given equations can be written in the matrix form as :
W1 2SWxS W2S
T T T T:T T
Y2 3VYyV Y3V
This is of the form AX:B, where
W1 2S WxS W2S
A: T T , X: T T and B: T T
Y2 3V YyV Y3V
Let us find A\.
1 2
A :
2 3:394: 91"0
A\ exists.
Consider AA\:I
W1 2S W1 0S
T T A\: T T
Y2 3V Y0 1V
By R 92R , we get,

W1 2S W 1 0 S
T T A\: T T
Y 0 91 V Y 92 1 V
By (91)R , we get,

W1 2S W1 0 S
T T A\: T T
Y0 1V Y2 91 V
By R 92R , we get,

W1 0S W 93 2 S
T T A\: T T
Y0 1V Y 2 91 V
W 93 2S
A\: T T
Y 2 91 V
Now, premultiply AX:B by A\, we get,
A\(AX):A\B
(A\A)X:A\B
IX:A\B
W 93 2SW2S
X: T TT T
Y 2 91 V Y 3 V
W x S W 96;6 S W 0 S
T T:T T:T T
Y y V Y 493 V Y 1 V
By equality of matrices,
x:0, y:1 is the required solution.

4 12 33
Q. 28. Let cos 91 :x, cos 91 :y and cos 91 :z.
5 13 65
4
Then cos x: , where 0 x
5 2
12
cos y: , where 0 y
13 2
33
and cos z: , where 0 z
65 2
sin x 0, sin y 0
16 9 3
Now, sin x:(19cosx: 19 : :
25 25 5
144 25 5
and sin y:(19cosy: 19 : :
169 169 13
We have to prove that, x;y:z
Now, cos (x;y):cos x cos y9sin x sin y

4 12 3 5
: 9
5 13 5 13
48 15 33
: 9 :
65 65 65
cos (x;y):cos z
x;y:z

4 12 33
Hence, cos 91 ;cos 91 :cos 91 .
5 13 65
Q. 29. Let the two lines through the origin be a x;b y : 0 and a x ; b y : 0.

Consider the locus represented by
(a x ; b y) (a x ; b y) : 0 … (1)

If (x , y ) be any point on the line a x ; b y : 0, then a x ; b y : 0

(a x ;b y ) (a x ; b y ) : 0

This shows that any point on the line a x ; b y : 0 lies on the locus represented

by (1). Similarly, we can show that any point (x , y ) on the line a x ; b y : 0 also

lies on the locus represented by (1).
So, all the points on the lines a x ; b y : 0 and a x ; b y : 0 lie on the locus (1),

i.e. locus (1) contains both these lines. … (A)
Conversely, if (x , y ) is any point on the locus (1), then

(a x ; b y ) (a x ; b y ) : 0

a x ; b y : 0 or a x ; b y : 0 or both are zero.

This shows that any point on the locus (1) lies on the line a x ; b y : 0 or on the line

a x ; b y : 0 or on both the lines. … (B)

Hence, from (A) and (B), it follows that equation (1) represents both the lines
a x;b y:0 and a x ; b y : 0 jointly, i.e. equation (1) is the joint equation of the

pair of lines.
The equation (a x ; b y) (a x ; b y) : 0 can be written as :

a a x ; (a b ; a b ) xy ; b b y : 0

Let a a : a, a b ; a b : 2h and b b : b.

Then the joint equation is ax ; 2hxy ; by : 0 which is the homogeneous equation
of second degree in x and y.
Hence, the joint equation of the pair of lines passing through the origin is a
homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y.
Q. 30. First we draw the lines AB, CD and ED whose equations are x:4, y:6 and x;y:6
respectively.

AB x:4 A (4, 0) — origin side of the line AB
CD y:6 — D (0, 6) origin side of the line CD
ED x;y:6 E (6, 0) D (0, 6) origin side of the line ED

The feasible region is shaded portion OAPDO in the graph.
The vertices of the feasible region are O (0, 0), A (4, 0), P and D (0, 6)
P is point of intersection of lines x;y:6 and x:4.
Substituting x:4 in x;y:6, we get
4;y:6
y:2
P is (4, 2).
the corner points of feasible region are O (0, 0), A (4, 0), P (4, 2) and D (0, 6).
z (O):11(0);8(0):0;0:0
z(A) :11(4);8(0):44;0:44
z (P) :11(4);8(2):44;16:60
z (D):11(0);8(2):0;16:16
Q. 31. Let r be the radius of the circle and x be the length of the side of the square. Then
(circumference of the circle);(perimeter of the square):l
2r;4x:l
l94x
r:
2
A : (area of the circle);(area of the square)
: r;x

l94x 1
: ;x:x; (l94x):f (x) … (Say)
2 4
1
Then f (x):2x; ;2(l94x)(94)
4
2
:2x9 (l94x)

2 8
and f (x):2 9 (94):2;

2
Now, f (x):0 when 2x9 (l94x):0

i.e. when 2x92l;8x:0
i.e. when 2 (;4)x:2l
l
i.e. when x:
;4

l 8
and f :2; 0
;4
l
by the second derivative test, f has a minimum, when x: .
;4
For this value of x,

l
l94
;4 l;4l94l l x
r: : : :
2 2(;4) 2(;4) 2
This shows that the sum of the areas of circle and square is least, when
radius of the circle :(1/2) side of the square.
5ex
Q. 32. Let I: dx
(ex ;1)(e2x ;9)
Put ex :t ex dx:dt
1
I:5 dt
(t;1)(t;9)
1 A Bt;C
Let : ;
(t;1)(t;9) t;1 t;9
1:A (t;9);(Bt;C)(t;1)
Put t;1:0, i.e. t: 91, we get
1:A (1;9);C (0)
1
A:
10
Put t:0, we get
1:A (9);C (1)
9 1
C:199A:19 :
10 10
Comparing coefficients of t on both the sides, we get
0:A;B
1
B: 9A: 9
10

1 1 1
9 t;
1 10 10 10
: ;
(t;1)(t;9) t;1 t;9

1 1 1

9 t;
10 10 10
I:5 ; dt
t;1 t;9
1 1 1 t 1 t
: dt9 dt; dt
2 t;1 2 t;9 2 t;9

1 1 2t 1 1 t
: log t;1 9 dt; · tan\
2 4 t;9 2 3 3
d
(t;9)

1 1 dt 1 t
: log t;1 9 dt; tan\
2 4 t;9 6 3

1 1 1 t
: log t ;1 9 log t;9 ; tan\ ;c
2 4 6 3

1 1 1 ex
: log e ;1 9 log e ;9 ; tan\
x 2x
;c.
2 4 6 3
Q. 33. We shall use the following results :

@ ?
f (x) dx:9 f (x) dx … (1)
? @
@ @
f (x) dx: f (t) dt … (2)
? ?
If c is between a and b, then
@ A @
f (x) dx: f (x) dx; f (x) dx … (3)
? ? A
Since 0 lies between 9a and a, by (3), we have,
? ?
f (x) dx: f (x) dx; f (x) :I ;I … (Say)
9 9

? ?
In I , put x: 9t. Then dx:9dt

When x: 9a, 9t: 9a t:a
When x:0, 9t:0 t:0

f (x) dx: f ( 9t) (9dt):9 f (9t) dt
9
? ? ?
?
: f (9t) dt … [By (1)]

?
: f (9x) dx. … [By (2)]

? ? ?
f (x) dx: f (9x) dx; f (x) dx
9?
(i) If f is an even function, then
f (9x):f (x) in this case,
? ? ? ?
f (x) dx: f (x) dx; f (x) dx:2 f (x) dx
9?
(ii) If f is an odd function, then
f (9x):9f (x) in this case,
? ? ?
f (x) dx : 9f (x) dx; f (x) dx
9?
? ?
:9 f (x) dx ; f (x) dx:0.

Q. 34. The given parabola is y:x;3,

i.e. (x90):y93
its vertex is P(0, 3).
To find the points of intersection of the line and the parabola. Equating the values of y
from both the equations, we get
x;3:x;3
x9x:0
x(x91):0
x:0 or x:1
When x:0, y:0;3:3
When x:1, y:1;3:4
the points of intersection are P(0, 3) and B(1, 4)
Required area:area of the region PABCP
:area of the region OPABDO9 area of the region OPCBDO
Now, area of the region OPABDO
:area under the line y:x;3 between x:0 and x:1

: y dx, where y:x;3

: (x;3) dx

x
: x dx;3 1dx: ;3[x]

2

1 7
: 90 ;3(190):
2 2
Area of the region OPCBDO
:area under the parabola y:x;3 between x:0 and x:1

: y dx, where y:x;3

: (x;3) dx: x dx;3 1dx

x 1 10
: ;3[x] : 90 ;3(190):
3
3 3
7 10 21920 1
required area: 9 : : sq unit.
2 3 6 6

SECTION – A
Q. 1. (i) (d) :p v (q u :r)
(ii) (a) a9b
(iii) (b) (3
(iv) (b) 2
294x
(v) (a)
(19x
(vi) (b) 92(cot x ;c
(vii) (a) x
dy
dx
dy
9x :y
dx
(viii) (b) 2x;3y95:0
Q. 2. (i) The negation of :q ; p is :q u :p.

---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(ii) The principal value branch of cos 91 x is [0, ].
Let cos 91
(3
2
:, where 0
(3
cos : :cos
2 6
:

6
... B 0
6
the principal value of cos 91
(3
2

is .
6
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
log x
(iii) y:loga x:
log a

dy d log x
:
dx dx log a
:

1 d
· (log x)
log a dx
1 1 1
: ; : .
log a x x log a
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------

(iv) The given D.E. is,
dy 2 sin x;3
:

dx dy
dx

dy
dx
:2 sin x;3
dy
This D.E. has highest order derivative with power 2.
dx
the degree of given D.E. is 2.
SECTION – B
Q. 3. (:p ; q) u (r ↔ s) Y (:T ; T) u (F ↔ F)
Y (F ; T) u T
YTuTYT
Hence, the truth value of given statement pattern is T.
W1 3S
Q. 4. Let A: T T
Y2 7V

1 3
Then A: :796:1 " 0
2 7
A 91 exists.
Consider AA91 :I
W 1 3 S 91 W 1 0 S
T T A :T T
Y2 7V Y0 1V
By R 92R , we get

W 1 3 S 91 W 1 0 S
T T A :T T
Y0 1V Y 92 1 V
By R 93R , we get

W 1 0 S 91 W 7 93 S
T T A :T T
Y0 1V Y 92 1V
W 7 93 S
A 91 : T T
Y 92 1V

Q. 5.
Let OA and OB be the lines through the origin making an angle of 60° with the Y-axis.
Then OA and OB make an angle of 30° and 150° with the positive direction of X-axis.
1
slope of OA:tan 30°:
(3
equation of the line OA is
1
y: x, i.e. x9(3y:0
(3
Slope of OB:tan 150°:tan (180°930°)
1
: 9tan 30°: 9
(3
equation of the line OB is
1
y: 9 x, i.e. x;(3y:0
(3
required combined equation is
(x9(3y)(x;(3y):0
i.e. x93y:0.
Q. 6. a:2i ;j 92k , b:j 92k

i j k
a;b: 2 1 92
0 1 92
:(92;2) i 9(94;0) j ;(290) k
:4j ;2k
and a;b:(4;2:(16;4:2(5
unit vectors perpendicular to both a and b
:<
a;b
a;b
:<

4j ;2k
2(5
:<

2j ;k
(5
.

Q. 7. The vector equation of the line passing through the A(a) and B(b) is
r:a;(b9a), is a scalar
the vector equation of the line passing through the points having position vectors
3i ;4j 97k and 6i 9j ;k is r:(3i ;4j 97k );[ (6i 9j ;k )9(3i ;4j 97k )]
i.e. r:(3i ;4j 97k );(3i 95j ;8k ).
Q. 8. The vector equation of the plane passing through the point A(a) and perpendicular to
the vector n is r· n:a· n
Here, a:i ;j ;k, n:4i ;5j ;6k
a· n:(i ;j ;k )· (4i ;5j ;6k )
:(1)(4);(1)(5);(1)(6)
:4;5;6:15
r· (4i ;5j ;6k ):15.
Q. 9. Let y:xtan\ x
Then log y:log ( xtan\ x ):(tan\ x)(log x)
1 dy d
· : [(tan\ x)(log x)]
y dx dx
d d
:(tan\ x)· (log x);(log x)· (tan\ x)
dx dx
1 1
:(tan\ x); ;(log x);
x 1;x

dy
dx
:y

tan\ x log x
x
;
1;x
:xtan\ x
tan\ x log x
x
;
1;x
.

1 1
Q. 10. Let I: dx: dx
e ;e\x

x
1
e ;x
ex
ex
: dx
(ex);1
Put ex :t
3ex dx:dt
dt
ex dx:
3
1 dt 1 1
I: · : dt
t;1 3 3 1;t
1
: tan\ t;c
3
1
: tan\ (ex );c.
3
Q. 11. We shall use the following results :

@ ?
f (x) dx:9 f (x) dx … (1)
? @
@ @
and f (x) dx: f (t) dt … (2)
? ?
?
Consider, f (x) dx

Put x:a9t. Then dx:9dt and t:a9x
When x:0, t:a90:a
When x:a, t:a9a:0
?
f (x) dx: f (a9t) (9dt):9 f (a9t) dt
? ?
?
: f (a9t) dt … [By (1)]

?
: f (a9x) dx. … [By (2)]

Q. 12. The p.m.f. of X is

P (X:x):kx, x:0, 1, 2, 3
:0, otherwise
P (X:0):k (0):0
P (X:1):k (1):k
P (X:2):k (2):2k
P (X:3):k (3):3k
Since the given function is p.m.f.,
P (X:x):1
P (X:0);P (X:1);P (X:2);P (X:3):1
0;k;2k;3k:1
6k:1
1
k:
6
P (X2):P (X:0);P (X:1);P (X:2)
:0;k;2k:3k
:3

1
6
:
1
2
... B k:
1
6
Q. 13. Given : n:25, E(X):10
E(X):np
10:25p
10 2
p: :
25 5
2 3
q:19p:19 :
5 5
Var(X):npq
2 3
:25; ; :6
5 5
SD(X): (Var(X)
:(6
2
Hence, p: and S.D.(X):(6.
5
Q. 14.
Let C(h, 0) be the centre of the circle which pass through the origin. Then radius of the
circle is h.
equation of the circle is (x9h);(y90):h
x92hx;h;y:h
x;y:2hx … (1)
dy
2x;2y :2h
dx
Substituting the value of 2h in equation (1), we get

x;y: 2x;2y

dy
dx
x
dy
x;y:2x;2xy
dx
dy
2xy ;x9y:0
dx
SECTION – C
Q. 15. LHS:(p u q) v (:p u q) v (p u :q)
Y[(pv:p)uq] v (p u :q) … (Distributive Law)
Y (T u q) v (p u :q) … (Complement Law)
Y q v (p u :q) … (Identity Law)
Y (q v p) u (q v :q) … (Distributive Law)
Y (q v p) u T … (Complement Law)
Yqvp … (Identity Law)
Ypvq … (Commutative Law)
: RHS.
Q. 16. In R ABC, L C:90°

c:a;b … (1)
By sine rule,
a b c
: :
sin A sin B sin C
a b c
: :
sin A sin B sin 90°

a
:
b
sin A sin B
:c …
B sin 90°:1

a b
sin A: and sin B: … (2)
c c
LHS:sin (A9B)
:sin A cos B9cos A sin B
a b
: cos B9 cos A … [By (2)]
c c
:
c
a c;a9b
2ca
9
c
b b;c9a
2bc
c;a9b b;c9a
: 9
2c 2c
c;a9b9b9c;a
:
2c
2a92b a9b
: :
2c c
a9b
: … [By (1)]
a;b
:RHS.
Q. 17. Let a, b and r be the position vectors of the points A, B and R respectively w.r.t. some
origin O. Then
AR:(p.v. of R)9(p.v. of A):r9a
RB:(p.v. of B)9(p.v. of R):b9r
R divides seg AB externally in the ratio m : n.

AR m
: ... (in magnitude)
RB n
n·AR:m·RB and A–B–R or R–A–B
AR and RB are in opposite directions
n·(AR) :9m· (RB)
n·(r9a) :9m· (b9r)
n·r9n·a : 9m·b;m·r
m·b9n·a :m·r9n·r
m·b9n·a :(m9n)·r
mb9na
r:
m9n
Q. 18. Let A (6, 97, 91) and B (2, 93, 1) be the given points.
Then the position vectors a and b of the points A and B are given by
a:6i 97j 9k and b:2i 93j ;k
AB:b9a:(2i 93j ;k)9(6i 97j 9k)
:94i ;4j ;2k
direction ratios of AB are 94, 4, 2
Let the direction cosines of AB be 94k, 4k, 2k

Then (94k);(4k);(2k):1
16k;16k;4k:1
36k:1
1
k:
36
1
k:<
6
Since line AB is such that the angle which it makes with X-axis is acute.
cos :94k 0
k 0
1
k:9
6
direction cosines of the line are
94 9

1
6
1
,4 9 ,2 9
6
1
6
2 2 1
i.e., , 9 , 9
3 3 3
Hence, the direction ratios of the line are 94, 4, 2 and direction cosines of the line are
2 2 1
,9 ,9 .
3 3 3
Q. 19. The position vector of any point on the line r:(9i 93j ;4k); (910i 9j ;k) is
(91910)i ;(939)j ;(4;)k ... (1)
The position vector of any point on the line r:(910i 9j ;k); (9i 93j ;4k) is
(9109 )i ;(9193 )j ;(1;4 )k ... (2)
The given lines intersect, if for some values of and ,
(91910)i ;(939)j ;(4;)k :(9109 )i ;(9193 )j ;(1;4 )k
91910:9109 , 939:9193 and
4;:1;4 are simultaneously true.
Consider, 91910:9109 and 939:9193
i.e., 109 :9 ... (3)
and 93 :92 ... (4)
Multiplying equation (3) by 3, we get,
3093 :27
Subtracting equation (4) from this equation, we get,
29:29
:1
from (2), 193 :92
:1
Since :1, :1 satisfy the third equation 4;:1;4 also.
given lines intersect to each other.
To find the position vector of the point of intersection, substitute :1 in (1)
or :1 in (2), we get,
position vector of the point of intersection:911i 94j ;5k.
Q. 20. The vector equation of the plane passing through the intersection of planes.
r · n :d and r·n :d is

r · (n ;n ):d ;d , where is a parameter.

Here, n :i ;j ;k, n :2i ;3j ;4k, d :8 and d :3.

the vector equation of the plane passing through the intersection of given planes is
r · [(i ;j ;k);(2i ;3j ;4k ]:8;(3)
r · [(1;2)i ;(1;3)j ;(1;4)k ]:8;3 ... (1)
Taking r:xi ;yj ;zk, we get,

(xi ;yj ;zk) · [(1;2)i ;(1;3)j ;(1;4)k ]:8;3
(1;2)x;(1;3)y;(1;4)z:8;3
x;2x;y;3y;z;4z:8;3
(x;y;z98);(2x;3y;4z93):0 .. . (2)
Since this plane passes through (1, 0, 2), it satisfies (2).
(1;0;298); (2;0;893):0
95;7:0
5
:
7
5
Substituting : in equation (1), we get,
7
r·

1;2;
5
7 5

5
i ; 1;3; j ; 1;4; k :8;3
7 7
5
7
i.e., r ·

7;10
7
i;
7;15
7
j;
7;20
7
k :
56;15
7
i.e., r · (17i ;22j ;27k):71
This is the required equation of plane.
dw
Q. 21. Let v dx:w. Then :v
dx
By the rule for the derivative of the product of two functions,
d dw du du
(uw):u ;w :uv;w
dx dx dx dx
by the definition of indefinite integral,
uv;w
du
dxdx:uw
uv dx;

w
du
dx
dx:uw
uv dx:uw9
w
du
dx
dx
uv dx:u v dx9
du
dx
· vdx dx.
dy
Q. 22. :e2y cos x
dx
1
dy:cos x dx
e2y
On integrating, we get,
e 92y dy: cos x dx
e 92y
:sin x;c
92

When x: , y:0, we get
6
e
:sin ;c
92 6
1 1
9 : ;c
2 2
c:91
the particular solution is
e 92y
:sin x91
92
9e 92y :2 sin x92
1
9 2y :2 sin x92
e
e (2 sin x92);1:0.
2y
Q. 23.
Let A be the position of aeroplane and B be the position of observer at time t.

Given the altitude of the plane,
i.e. OA:1 km.
Let OB:x, the horizontal distance and AB:y, the actual distance of the aeroplane
from the observer at time t.
dx
Then :800 km/hr is the rate at which the aeroplane is moving over an observer and
dt
dy
is the rate at which the aeroplane is approaching to the observer.
dt
From the figure,
y:x;1:x;1 … (1)
dy dx
2y :2x ;0
dt dt
dy x dx
: · … (2)
dt y dt
1250 5
When y:1250 metres: : km, then
1000 4
from (1), we get
25
:x;1
16
9
x:
16
3
x:
4
dy (3/4)
(2) gives, : ; 800
dt (5/4)
3
: ;800:480 km/hr
5
the aeroplane is approaching to the observer at the rate of 480 km/hr.

Q. 24. (i) Since P (x) is a probability distribution of x,

P (x):1
x:0
P (0);P (1);P (2);P (3);P (4);P (5); P (6);P (7) :1

0;k;2k;2k;3k;k;2k;7k;k:1
10k;9k91:0
10k;10k9k91:0
10k (k;1)91 (k;1):0
(k;1)(10k91):0
10k91:0 … [B k "91]
1
k: .
10
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(ii) P (X 3):P (0);P (1);P (2)

:0;k;2k:3k
:3
1
10
3
: .
10
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------
(iii) P (0 X 3):P (1);P (2)

:k;2k:3k
:3
1
10
3
: .
10
Q. 25. Let X:number of true answers.

p:probability of true answer
1
p:
2
1 1
q:19p:19 :
2 2
Given : n:10
X : B 10,
1
2
The p.m.f. on X is given as :
P [X:x]: nCx px qn9x
1
x 109x
1 1
i.e. p (x):Cx :Cx
2 2 2
P (at least 7 answers are correct)
:P [X 7]:P [X:7];P [X:8];P [X:9];P [X:10]

:p (7);p (8);p (9);p (10)
:C
1
2
;C
1
2
;C
1
2
;C

1
2
:C
1
2
;C
1
2
;C
1
2
;C
2
1

… [ B nCx : nCn9x ]

: C ;C ;C ;C ·

1
2
:
10;9;8 10;9
1;2;3
;
1;2
;10;1

1
2
120;45;11 176
: : :0.1718
2 1024
Hence, the probability that at least 7 of 10 answers in a ‘true’ or ‘false’ objective test
are correct is 0.1718.
99x 99x 99x

Q. 26. Let I: dx: · dx
x x 99x
99x
: dx
(9x9x
Let 99x:A
d
dx
(9x9x) ;B
:A (992x);B
99x:(9A;B)92Ax
Comparing the coefficient of x and constant on both the sides, we get
92A: 91 and 9A;B:9
A:
1
2
and 9
1
2
;B:9
9
B:
2
1 9
99x: (992x);
2 2
1 9
(992x);
2 2
I: dx
(9x9x
1 992x 9 1
: dx; dx
2 (9x9x 2 (9x9x
1 9
: I ; I
2 2
In I , put 9x9x:t

(992x) dx:dt
1
I : dt: t\/ dt
(t

t
: ;c :2 (9x9x;c
1/2
1
I : dx

81 81
9 x99x;
4 4
1
: dx

9 9
9 x9
2 2
x9

2x99
:sin\ ;c :sin\ ;c
9/2 9

9 2x99
I:(9x9x; sin\ ;c, where c:c ;c .
2 9
SECTION – D

1 0 1
Q. 27. A : 0 2 3
1 2 1
:1 (296)90;1 (092)
: 9492: 96"0
A\ exists.
Consider A\A:I
W1 0 1S W1 0 0S
T T T T
A\ T 0 2 3 T : T 0 1 0 T
Y1 2 1V Y0 0 1V
By C 9C , we get,

W1 0 0S W1 0 91 S
T
A\ T 0
T T
2 3 T:T 0 1 0T
T
Y1 2 0V Y0 0 1V
By C ↔ C , we get,

W1 0 0S W1 91 0 S
T
A\ T 0
T T
3 2 T:T 0 0 1T
T
Y1 0 2V Y0 1 0V
By C 9C , we get,

W1 0 0S W1 91 0 S
T
A\ T 0
T T
1 2 T:T 0
T
91 1 T
Y 1 92 2 V Y 0 1 0V
By C 92C , we get,

W1 0 0S W1 91 2S
T
A\ T 0
T T
1 0 T:T 0 91 3T
T
Y 1 92 6 V Y 0 1 92 V

1
By C , we get,
6
W 1 91 1S
W1 0 0S T 3T
T T T 1T
A\ T 0 1 0 T : T 0 91 T
T 2T
Y 1 92 1 V T T
Y0 1 91 V
3
By C 9C and C ;2C , we get,

W 2 1 1S
T 9 T
W1 0 0S T 3 3 3T
T T
T T T 1 1 T
A\ T 0 1 0 T : T9 0 T
T 2 2T
Y0 0 1V T T
T 1 1 1 T
T 9 T
Y 3 3 3 V
W 4 92 2S
1T T
A\: T 93 0 3T
6
Y 2 2 92 V
Q. 28.
Let AD be the perpendicular from A to BC.

In right-angled triangle ADC,
AD
:sin C
AC
AD:AC sin C:b sin C
1
Now, area of R ABC: ;BC;AD
2
1
: ab sin C
2
2 (area of R ABC):ab sin C
Similarly, 2 (area of RABC):ac sin B:bc sin A
bc sin A:ac sin B:ab sin C
Dividing by abc, we get
bc sin A ac sin B ab sin C
: :
abc abc abc
sin A sin B sin C
: :
a b c
a b c
: : .
sin A sin B sin C
To prove that each ratio is equal to 2R :

The sum of the angles of
RABC is 180°, therefore at least one of the angle of the
triangle is not right angle.
Let angle A is not right angle.
Draw diameter through A
meeting the circumcircle of RABC at P.
AP:2R, where R is the circumradius.
Since L ABC and L APC are inscribed in the same arc, m L ABC:m L APC … (1)
In right-angled triangle ACP,
AC b b
sin P: : :
AP AP 2R
b
sin B:sin P: … [By (1)]
2R
b
:2R
sin B
a b c
But : :
sin A sin B sin C
a b c
: : :2R.
sin A sin B sin C

Q. 29.
Let D be the midpoint of seg AB where A is (x , y ) and B is (x , y ).

Then D has coordinates

x ;x y ;y
2
,
2
.

The joint (combined) equation of the lines OA and OB is x94xy;y:0 and the
equation of the line AB is 2x;3y91:0.
points A and B satisfy the equations 2x;3y91:0 and x94xy;y:0
simultaneously.
We eliminate x from the above equations.
193y
Put x: in the equation x94xy;y:0, we get,
2

193y
2
94
193y
2
y;y:0

(193y)98 (193y) y;4y:0
196y;9y98y;24y;4y:0
37y914y;1:0
The roots y and y of the above quadratic equation are the y-coordinates of the points

A and B.
9b 14
y ;y : :
a 37
y ;y 7
y-coordinate of D: : .
2 37
Since D lies on the line AB, we can find the x-coordinate of D as
2x;3

7
37
91:0
21 16
2x:19 :
37 37
8
x:
37
D is (8/37, 7/37)
x y
equation of the median OD is : ,
8/37 7/37
i.e., 7x98y:0.
Q. 30. First we draw the lines AB and CD whose equations are 4x;y:40 and 3x;2y:60
respectively.
Line Equation Points on the Points on the Sign Region

X-axis Y-axis
AB 4x;y:40 A (10, 0) B (0, 40) origin side of the line AB
CD 3x;2y:60 C (20, 0) D (0, 30) origin side of the line CD
The feasible region is OAPDO which is shaded in the graph.

The vertices of the feasible region are O (0, 0), A (10, 0), P and D (0, 30).
4x;y:40 ... (1)
and 3x;2y:60 ... (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we get,
8x;2y:80
Subtracting equation (2) from this equation, we get,
5x:20 x:4.
Substituting x:4 in (1), we get,
4(4);y:40
y:40916:24
P is (4, 24)
z (0):150 (0);250 (0):0
z (A):150 (10);250 (0):1500;0:1500
z (P):150 (4);250 (24):600;6000:6600
z (D):150 (0);250 (30):0;7500:7500
Q. 31. Given that y:f (x) and x:f \(y) are differentiable functions.
Let y be the increment in y corresponding to an increment x in x.
as x ; 0, y ; 0.
Now, y is a differentiable function of x.
y dy
lim :
x;0 x dx
y x
Now, ; :1
x y
x 1
:

y y
x
Taking limits on both sides as x ; 0, we get
x

1 1
lim : lim :
x;0
y x;0 y y
lim
x x;0
x
x 1
lim : … [as x ; 0, y ; 0]
y;0 y y
lim
x;0
x
Since limit in RHS exists

limit in LHS also exists and we have
x dx
lim :
y;0 y dy
dx 1 dy
: , where " 0.
dy (dy/dx) dx
d
To find (sin 91x) :
dx
Let y:sin 91x. Then x:sin y,

where 91 x 1 and 9 y
2 2
cos y 0
Differentiating w.r.t. y, we get
dx d
: (sin y):cos y
dy dy
:(19siny:(19x
dy 1 dx
: , if " 0

dx dx dy
dy
dy 1
: , if x:<1
dx (19x
d 1
(sin 91 x):
dx (19x

(119x)
Q. 32. Let I: dx ... (1)
x;(119x)

b b
We use the property, f (x)dx: f (a;b9x) dx
a a
Hence, in I, we change x by 3;89x

(119398;x)
I: dx
(3;89x);(119398;x)

x
: dx ... (2)
(119x);x

Adding (1) and (2), we get,

(119x) x
2I: dx; dx
x;(119x) (119x);x

(119x);x
: dx
x;(119x)


: 1 dx:[x]

:893:5
5
I:
2

(119x) 5
Hence, dx: .
x;(119x) 2

Q. 33. The sides of the rectangular sheet of paper are in

the ratio 8 : 15.
Let the sides of the rectangular sheet of paper be
8k and 15k respectively.
Let x be the side of square which is removed from
the corners of the sheet of paper.
Then total area of removed
squares is 4x, which is given to be 100.
4x:100
x:25
x:5 … [B x 0]
Now, length, breadth and the height of the rectangular box are 15k92x, 8k92x and x
respectively.
Let V be the volume of the box.
Then V:(15k92x) (8k92x)x
V:(120k916kx930kx;4x) · x
V:4x946kx;120kx
dV d
: (4x946kx;120kx)
dx dx
:4;3x946k;2x;120k;1
:12x992kx;120k
Since, volume is maximum when the square of side x:5 is removed from the corners,

dV
dx at x:5
:0
12(5)992k(5);120k:0
60992k;24k:0
6k923k;15:0
6k918k95k;15:0
6k (k93)95 (k93):0
(k93)(6k95):0
5
k:3 or k:
6
5
If k: , then 8k92x:8k910 0
6
5
k"
6
k:3
8k:8;3:24 and 15k:15;3:45
Hence, the lengths of the rectangular sheet are 24 and 45.
Q. 34.
For finding the points of intersection of the two parabolas, we equate the values of y
from their equations.
x
From the equation x:4ay, y:
4a
x
y:
16a
x
:4ax
16a
x964ax:0
x(x964a):0
x:0 or x:64a
i.e. x:0 or x:4a
When x:0, y:0
16a
When x:4a, y: :4a
4a
the points of intersection are O(0, 0) and A(4a, 4a).
Required area:area of the region OBACO
:[area of the region ODACO]9[area of the region ODABO]
Now, area of the region ODACO
:area under the parabola y:4ax, i.e. y:2(a(x between x:0 and x:4a
a
a
: 2(a(x dx:2(a (x dx

x3/2 a 4(a 3/2 4a
:2(a : [x ]
3 3
2
4(a 32a
: [8a3/2 90]:
3 3
Area of the region ODABO
x
:area under the parabola x:4ay, i.e. y: between x:0 and x:4a
4a
a a
x 1
: dx: x dx
4a 4a

x a
1 1
[x]
a
: :
4a 3 12a

1 16a
: [64a90]:
12a 3
32a 16a
required area: 9
3 3
16a
: sq. units.
3

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Q. 2. (i) Let p : 2 is a rational number.

(ii) By sine rule,

(iii) Let y:sin (x;x)

SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII 1

Q. 5. Comparing the equation 3x;4xy93y:0 with ax;2hxy;by:0, we get,

Q. 6. Let P, Q, R be the points whose position vectors p, q, r are given by

PQ and PR are collinear vectors.

Hence, the points P (p), Q (q) and R (r) are collinear.

Q. 8. The cartesian equation of the plane r.(6i ;8j ;7k):0 is 6x;8y;7z:0.

Q. 9. y: log x; (log x;(log x;… -

y:log x; (log x;(log x;… -

Integrating both sides, we get

This is the general solution.

4 SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 13. Expected value: xi . P(xi)

The p.m.f. of X is given as :

P(X:x): nCx px qn9x :Cx pxq69x

Now, 2.P (X:3):P(X:2)

2;C pq693 :C pq692

40 p:15 q:15 (19p)

SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII 5

Q. 15. Let p : A sequence is bounded

Q. 17. The direction ratios of the side AB are

Q. 18. Since, eı and eı are unit vectors,

SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII 7

:log  (a;x;x 9log  a ;c

Q. 23. Let r be the radius, h be the height,

Q. 25. Given : X : B(n:5, p)

the cofactor matrix

SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII 13

Points on Points on Sign Region

AB x:2 A (2, 0) — origin side of the line AB

CD x;y:3 C (3, 0) D (0, 3) origin side of the line CD

EF 92x;y:1 E (9  , 0) F (0, 1) origin side of the line EF

The feasible region is OAPQFO which is shaded in the graph.

Q. 31. Proof : Given that y:f (u) and u:g (x).

This means that as x ; 0, u ; 0 … (2)

Q. 33. Let ABCD be a rectangle

Required area:area of the region ACBDA

20 SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

(viii) (b) sin\

(ii) By cosine rule, a:b;c92bc cos A,

SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII 1

2 SOLUTIONS TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 6. Let l, m, n be the direction cosines of the line.

Q. 7. We are given that

Q. 9. x:a cot , y:b cosec

Mathematics 2021 Paper & Solution

Mathematics 2021 Paper & Solution

(iii) Let y:sin (x;x)

Q. 5. Comparing the equation 3x;4xy93y:0 with ax;2hxy;by:0, we get,

y:log x; (log x;(log x;… -

Q. 13. Expected value: xi . P(xi)

P(X:x): nCx px qn9x :Cx pxq69x

2;C pq693 :C pq692

:log (a;x;x 9log a ;c

EF 92x;y:1 E (9 , 0) F (0, 1) origin side of the line EF

This means that as x ; 0, u ; 0 … (2)

(viii) (b) sin\

(ii) By cosine rule, a:b;c92bc cos A,

Q. 10. y:cos 91 (19x)

n·r9n·a :m·b 9m·r

Q. 23. Let I: secx dx

AB x;4y:24 A (24, 0) B (0, 6) origin side of line AB

CD 3x;y:21 C (7, 0) D (0, 21) origin side of line CD

EF x;y:9 E (9, 0) F (0, 9) origin side of line EF

Q. 32. Let I : (x;a dx : (x;a . 1 dx

:x(x;a9I;a log x;(x;a ;c

Q. 2. (i) Comparing the equation x96xy;9y:0 with ax;2hxy;by:0, we get

(ii) The distance of point P () from the line r:a; b is

:log e9log e:2 log e91

Q. 6. The auxiliary equation of the lines represented by 3x;kxy;2y:0 is

(ii) Let sin\ sin

Q. 6. Comparing the equation 3x;4xy;ky:0 with ax;2hxy;by:0, we get

Q. 13. y:(x;c) … (1)