INDIA – PAKISTAN RELATION

Current Relation
1. Economic relations/concerns
→ Trade: In 2018-19, 2.5 billion US$ trade, with trade surplus
→ India withdrew MFN status (after Pulwama)
→ Pakistan suspended Bilateral Trade (After August 370 decision)
→ Denied Trade access to Central Asia via Pakistan
2. Security concerns
→ Cross Border Terrorism/Proxy war: Support to Kashmiri Separatist
→ Ceasefire violations: to provoke India
→ Harboring / Protecting Anti-India elements: Eg, Dawood Ibrahim, Hafiz
Saeed
→ Khalistan Agenda: Funding, Promoting
→ China - Pakistan Nexus & Pincer strategy
→ Money Laundering/Hawala Network issue: Counterfeit currency issue
→ FATF Grey listed Pakistan
→ Drug smuggling (via Golden Crescent region)
→ Water Security (Indus water treaty)
→ Threat to Nuclear escalation
→ Territorial Dispute
✓ Siachen glaciers
✓ Kashmir
✓ Gilgit-Baltistan
✓ Sir creek dispute
3. Strategic concerns
→ CPEC & its implications on India: Gwadar Port, Highway construction
through Gilgit-Baltistan: violates India’s territorial sovereignty
→ Gilgit-Baltistan importance: Strategic Location, Large Territory
→ UN & its resolutions: 1267 (designated terrorist) & 47 (on kashmir )
→ Afghanistan peace resolution: Pakistan influence
→ India & Pakistan downgrades its diplomatic ties (50% staff reduced)
4. People to People ties
→ Historical Cultural Linkages between both the countries
→ Bilateral Protocols for access to religious shrines. (15 in Pakistan & 7 in
India) (few examples -): Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (Delhi), Gurudwara Shri
Nankana Sahib (Rawalpindi)
→ Kartarpur corridor: Sikh pilgrimage site
→ Bus services (Delhi Lahore) (suspened now) & (Srinagar - Muzzafrabad)
→ Samjhauta express (Lahore & Attari) (Suspended now)
5. Multilateral Relations/Engagements
→ SAARC: recent COVID Fund initiative
→ South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme(SACEP)
→ South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy Integration (SARI/EI)
→ SCO
→ Ashgabat Agreement (an International Transport and Transit Corridor)
→ Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)
Importance/Benefits of India-Pakistan relations
Economic
❑ Easy access to Central Asian market (Oil & gas, Goods Trade)
❑ Easy & Established Connectivity: Huge Potential for Trade &
Development.
→ Some estimates: potential of growing: $40 billion Trade.
→ Pakistan Imports Indian products: Via Dubai / Hong Kong - adds 10-15%
more
❑ Decreased Military spending: Major expenditure of our military spending
is because of threat from Pakistan adventures
Security
❑ Successful collaboration in past - Gujarat Earthquake (2001) & Pakistan
earthquake (2005)
❑ Stable Pakistan can bring peace in India
❑ Energy security: through various joint projects across the Indus river is
possible
Concerns
Security
→ Cross Border Terrorism/Proxy war: Support to Kahmiri Separatist
→ Ceasefire violations: to provoke IndiaHarbouring / Protecting Anti-India
elements: Eg, Dawood Ibrahim, Hafiz Saeed
→ Khalistan Agenda: Funding, Promoting
→ China - Pakistan Nexus & Pincer strategy: With help of China: Pakistan
raising issue on Kashmir @Global platform (UN )
→ Money Laundering/Hawala Network issue: Counterfeit currency issue
→ FATF greylisted Pakistan
→ Drug smuggling (via Golden Crescent region)
→ Water Security (Indus water treaty): Pakistan raising objections to various
Indian hydropower projects. Eg, Lower Kalnal hydropower project
→ Threat to Nuclear escalation
→ Territorial Dispute
▪ Siachen glaciers
▪ Kashmir
▪ Gilgit-Baltistan
▪ Sir creek dispute
Strategic
→ CPEC & its implications on India: Gwadar Port, Highway construction
through Gilgit-Baltistan: violates India’s territorial sovereignty
→ Afghanistan peace resolution: Pakistan influence on Taliban
→ India & Pakistan downgrades its diplomatic ties (50% staff reduced)
People to people
→ Radicalising Indian Youth: Potential to be used in Sponsoring /
establishing terrorism. Eg, Sleeper cells
Quotes / Statements
● Pakistan is yet to respond like a normal neighbour. It has continued to
sponsor cross
border terrorism against India; restrict normal trade, people to people
exchanges and
connectivity with India - MEA.
● Sumit Ganguly Book “The deadly Impasse” - India should maintain “
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