PAKISTAN’S

ECNOMIC PATH
1947-2018

DATE: 19/12/2020
COURSE TITLE : TWP (technical
writing)
STUDENT’S NAME : M HUZAIFA.
TEACHER’S NAME: SIR AHMAD ZAIN
 CONTENTS

INRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………. 3
PUPOSE …………………………………………………………………………. 4

Chapter 1: History of Pakistan economy........................................................................... 5

Chapter 2: Economical Plans ............................................................................................. 6-25
1958-1968
1968-1978
1988-1998
1998-2018
Chapter 3: Future plan...................................................................... 26-29
Chapter 4:results………………………………………………………………………..30-33
Chapter 5:conclusion…………………………………………………………………..34-38

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 INTRODUCTION:

An economy is a system of organizations and institutions that help

facilitate or are involved in production and distribution of resources
among members of a society. Economic systems can be divided into
command and market systems. In market systems, individuals own
the factors of production.

An economy encompasses all of

the activities related to the
production, consumption, and
trade of goods and services in an
entity, whether the entity is a
nation or a small town.

Someone said;

“Virtually every major problem

facing the world today, from
global warming, to world poverty,
to the conflicts in Syria,
Afghanistan, and Somalia, has an
economic dimension. If you are
going to be part of solving those
problems, you need to be able to
understand them. Economics is
crucial”

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 Purpose of Understand and information about
Economy and Economical situation.

this Report: Difference between PAKISTAN’s

Economy and other Developed
counties.

To understand PAKISTAN’S
Economical path and future planes.

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 Chapter 1:
History of PAKISTAN’s
Economy:

The partition scheme distributed the

economic assets between the two nations in
such a way that Pakistan got only 10% of the
industrial enterprises, 6.5% of the industrial
workforce, 5% of the electrical capacity, and
10% of the total mineral deposits.

Acid:
Banking sector in Pakistan evolved with
Pakistan's independence in 1947. At the time
of partition, there were 45 scheduled banks
operating in Pakistan with branches both in
India, East and West Pakistan.

At the time, the Indian government had

about Rs 400 crore in its kitty, with the
Partition Council allotting the Pakistan
central bank Rs 75 crore, which included a
working balance of Rs 20 crore made
available to the Pakistanis in advance on
August 15, 1947.

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 Chapter 2:
Pakistan Economical plans(1947-2023):

First remember that Pakistan works on 10 year plane, But

they are shifted to 5 year plan. Remember that there is no
plan from 1947 to 1950 because of crisis during
independence and emigration.
As Pakistan economical plane, and some achievement are
given below.

1948 -1958 Era:

1.Emigrants:
The biggest issue after the independence for
Pakistani government is to provide places for the
people who migrate from INDIA.
2.COLOMBO PLAN:
Pakistan government prepared a plane called
Colombo plan which ends in 1954.The main aim in
this plan is to rebuilt the Pakistan’s infra structure,
provide places for the people who migrate from
INDIA etc.
ECONOMICAL PLAN (1955-1960)
10.8billion are set to achieve goals in 5 years.
Targets:
 To make increase in agriculture 9% in five year
and make increase up to 7% in whole year.
 Provide jobs up to 2 million peoples.
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  Provide better education and medical facilities to
their peoples.

4.ForeignPolicy and Regional

Cooperation:
Objective:
Foster positive diplomatic relations and regional
cooperation.
5.Industrialization:
Invest more as in industrial sector
As this sector developed as most successful
achievement increase up to 7.7%
6. Disasters:
As this was the first economical plan and very
successful in history of Pakistan and known as
THE GOLDEN ERA in Pakistan economical
history, But unfortunately this plan was not
completed due to lack of governance and
political crisis, later on Pakistan was lead by Aub
khan.

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1958-1968
ECONOMICAL PLAN (1958-1968)
19billion are set to achieve goals in 10 years, later on it
increases up to 23 billion.
Targets:
 To make increase in agriculture and food 42% in ten year
but increase up to 3% in whole year.
 Provide jobs up to 2 million peoples.
 Provide better education and medical facilities to their
peoples. As the agriculture
 Increase in export up to 30%.
4. Foreign Policy and Regional Cooperation:
Objective:
Foster positive diplomatic relations and regional cooperation.
5. Industrialization:
Invest more as in industrial sector
As this sector developed as most successful achievement
increase up to 7.7%
6.DAMS:
Dams plan was also introduced in this era
1.terbala dam
2.Kala bagh dam(still delayed)

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7. Disasters:
The biggest disaster is 1965 war. As Pakistan lose his
area and financialy dis-order.
8.PLAN STUCKING:
This plan is got stuck and not continued due to war
1965.
9. INDUS RIVER CONTRACT:
It seems like there might be a confusion in your
question. The Indus Contract, or more commonly
known as the Indus Waters Treaty, was signed in 1960
between India and Pakistan. This treaty pertains to the
sharing of the waters of the Indus River and its
tributaries. The agreement was brokered by the World
Bank.

The main rivers covered by the treaty are the Indus,

Jhelum, and Chenab. According to the treaty, the
waters of the eastern rivers (Sutlej, Beas, ravi)are under
Pakistan.
This brings a very danger effect on Pakistan
agriculture.

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 1968-1978
ECONOMICAL PLAN
(1968-1978)
19billion are set to achieve
goals in 10 years, later on
it increases up to 36.8
billion.
Targets:
 To make increase in
agriculture and food
35% in ten year but
increase up to 2% in
whole year.
 Provide jobs up to 5
million peoples.
 Provide better
education and medical
facilities to their
peoples. As the
agriculture
 Increase in export up
to 20%.
4. Foreign Policy and
Regional
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 Cooperation:
Objective:
Foster positive diplomatic
relations and regional
cooperation.
5. Industrialization:
Invest more as in
industrial sector
As this sector developed as
most successful
achievement increase up
to 5.7%
6.DAMS:
Dams plan was also
introduced in this era
1.terbala dam is completed
2.Kala bagh dam(still
delayed)
3mangla dam is also
completed in this reign

BLACK DAYS AND LAWS:

As the name mention this era is known as Black
Era of Pakistan. As Pakistan lose their east
Pakistan by losing war.

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 Black laws:
Bangladesh came into existence due to marshal law,
but after this the same senerio continues un Pakistan.

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 1978-1988
ECONOMICAL PLAN (1978-1988)
19billion are set to achieve goals in 10 years, later on it
increases up to 43 billion.
1.Targets:
 To make increase in agriculture and food 12% in
ten year but increase up to 1.5% in whole year.
 Provide jobs up to 2 million peoples.
 Provide better education and medical facilities to
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 their peoples. As the agriculture
 Increase in export up to 10%.
2. Foreign
Policy and Regional
Cooperation:
Objective:
Foster positive diplomatic relations and regional
cooperation.
3. Industrialization:
Invest more as in industrial sector
As this sector developed as most successful
achievement increase up to 7.7%
4.DAMS:
Dams plan was also introduced in this era
1.terbala dam
2.Kala bagh dam(still delayed)

5. Disasters:
The biggest disaster is 1978 is government is
broken by using assembly vito power. As Pakistan
lose his area and financialy this is also big dis-
order.
6.LOANS:
Pakistan continues its unviewing behavior of
taking loans after 1971 crisis. They take about
7355520rs loan in about 22 times. As Pakistan is
an Islamic state but they also neglect their Islamic
laws and refund their loans 0n sud. The paksitan
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 loan list is given here.

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1988-1998
ECONOMICAL PLAN (1978-1988)
19billion are set to achieve goals in 10 years, later on it
increases up to 58 billion.
1.Targets:
 To make increase in agriculture and food 12% in ten year but increase
up to 1.5% in whole year.
 Provide jobs up to 2 million peoples.
 Provide better education and medical facilities to their peoples. As the
agriculture
 Increase in export up to 10%.
2. Foreign Policy and Regional Cooperation:
Objective:
Foster positive diplomatic relations and regional cooperation.
3. Industrialization:
Invest more as in industrial sector
As this sector developed as most successful achievement increase up to 4.6%
4.LOAN FOR ATOMIC RESOURCES:

Pakistan took 38 million dollar for completing , their Atomic resources by

playing field with America that they are helping their army in Afghanistan .

Government disaster and Afghan war:

During the summer of 1978, several flash floods impacted parts of the area between
June 30th and September 12th. Four flash floods (June 30-July 2, July 5-6, July 16-17,
& September 12) affected southeast Minnesota and one flash flood (June 30-July 2)
occurred in west central and southwest Wisconsin.
Also the afghan ear in America also effects Pakistan at economic level, at education
level, and also at foregin level.

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1998-2018
ECONOMICAL PLAN (1998-2018)
19billion are set to achieve goals in 10 years, later on it
increases up to 143 billion.
1.Targets:
 To make increase in agriculture and food 8% in ten year
but increase up to 1.5% in whole year.
 Provide jobs up to 2 million peoples.
 Provide better education and medical facilities to their
peoples. As the agriculture
 Increase in export up to 6%.
2. Foreign Policy and Regional Cooperation:
Objective:
Foster positive diplomatic relations and regional cooperation.
3. Industrialization:
Invest more as in industrial sector
As this sector developed as most successful achievement
increase up to 3.3%
4.DAMS:
Dams plan was also introduced in this era
1. construction of dyamer bahasha dam (started in2018..)
2. construction of mehmand dam 2018(started in2018..)
2.Kala bagh dam(still delayed)

5. Disasters:
The biggest disaster is 1978 is government is broken by
using assembly vito power. As Pakistan lose his area
and financialy this is also big dis-order.
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6.LOANS:
Pakistan continues its unviewing behavior of taking loans after 1971 crisis.
They take about 7355520rs loan in about 22 times. As Pakistan is an Islamic
state but they also neglect their Islamic laws and refund their loans 0n sud.
The paksitan loan list is given here.

7.INTERNET IN LATE 2000

Also Pakistan developed his way in communication department and start
their internet services in 2000
By ptcl server
8.CPEC 2013:
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a major infrastructure
project that was launched in 2013, aiming to enhance economic connectivity
and cooperation between China and Pakistan. CPEC is a flagship project of
China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which seeks to revive and expand the
ancient Silk Road trade routes.

Key features of CPEC include:

1.Infrastructure Development:
- CPEC focuses on the development of infrastructure projects, including
highways, railways, and energy facilities, with the goal of improving
connectivity between the Gwadar Port in southwestern Pakistan and China's
northwestern region of Xinjiang.

2. Energy Projects:
- A significant portion of CPEC investments is allocated to energy projects
in Pakistan. This includes the construction of power plants, such as coal-
fired, hydroelectric, and solar projects, to address Pakistan's energy
shortages.

3. Gwadar Port Development:

- Gwadar Port, located in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, is a key
component of CPEC. The project aims to develop Gwadar into a major

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regional economic hub and a gateway for trade between Central Asia, the
Middle East, and China.

4. Industrial Zones:
- CPEC includes plans for the establishment of Special Economic Zones
(SEZs) in various parts of Pakistan. These zones are intended to attract
foreign investment, promote industrialization, and create job opportunities.

5. Transportation Networks:
- CPEC involves the construction and improvement of transportation
networks, including roads and railways, to facilitate the movement of goods
and people within Pakistan and between Pakistan and China.

6. Strategic and Geopolitical Significance:

- CPEC has significant geopolitical implications, enhancing China's access
to the Arabian Sea and providing Pakistan with opportunities for economic
development.
- It has also sparked discussions about the strategic implications of
Chinese investments in the region and concerns about debt sustainability.

7. Economic Impact:
- Proponents argue that CPEC has the potential to boost economic growth,
create jobs, and address infrastructure deficits in Pakistan.
- Critics have raised concerns about the transparency of agreements,
environmental impact, and the long-term debt burden on Pakistan.

CPEC has been a subject of both praise and criticism, and its impact on
Pakistan's economy and geopolitical dynamics continues to be a topic of
debate. The project reflects the deepening economic ties between China and
Pakistan and their shared interests in regional development and stability.

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Chapter no 4:

Results of All plans:

Since independence in 1947, the economy of Pakistan has emerged as a

semi-industrialized one, the on textiles, agriculture, and food production,
though recent years have seen a push towards technological diversification.

Analyzing the economic history of Pakistan from 1947 to 2018 involves examining various economic
plans, policies, and external factors that have influenced the country's economic development. Here's
a brief overview:

1. Early Years (1947-1958):

- In the early years after independence in 1947, Pakistan faced the challenge of
establishing its economic base.
- The First Five-Year Plan (1955-1960) was introduced to promote industrialization
and infrastructure development.

2. Ayub Khan Era (1958-1969):

- President Ayub Khan implemented economic reforms, introducing the Second Five-
Year Plan (1960-1965).
- The period saw economic growth, but the benefits were not evenly distributed,
leading to increased income inequality.

3. Bhutto Era (1971-1977):

- The nationalization of industries and land reforms were major policy initiatives under Prime
Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
- Economic challenges, political instability, and the 1971 war with Bangladesh affected economic
performance.

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4. Zia-ul-Haq Era (1977-1988):
- Economic liberalization policies were introduced, encouraging private sector participation.
- The Afghan war (1979-1989) had economic and geopolitical implications for Pakistan.

5. Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-

1999):
- Both leaders implemented economic reforms, but political instability and corruption remained
challenges.
- The economy faced difficulties, including fiscal deficits and external debt.

6. Post-1999 Military Rule and Musharraf Era (1999-

2008)
- Economic reforms were initiated, leading to improved economic indicators.
- The economy grew, but concerns about inequality, governance, and political instability persisted.

7. Post-2008 Democratic Rule:

- Economic challenges continued, including energy shortages, security
concerns, and political instability.
- Various governments implemented economic reforms, but progress was
uneven.

8. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC):

- Initiated in 2013, CPEC aimed to enhance connectivity, infrastructure, and economic cooperation
between China and Pakistan.
- CPEC brought significant investments, but concerns about debt sustainability and transparency

were raised .

9.Recent Years (2018-2022):

- The economy faced challenges such as fiscal deficits, inflation, and external debt.
- Efforts were made to address economic issues, including reforms in taxation and
governance.
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It's important to note that economic performance is influenced by numerous factors,
and political stability, governance, global economic conditions, and geopolitical events
have played crucial roles in shaping Pakistan's economic trajectory. The information
provided here is a general overview, and for a more detailed analysis, one should refer
to specific economic indicators, reports, and academic studies.

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Chapter no 5:
Conclusion for All problems:
As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, the economic situation of
a country is subject to change due to various factors, including political,
social, and global economic conditions. Therefore, it's essential to verify the
latest information for the most accurate assessment. That said, as of my last
update, I can provide a general conclusion on the economic challenges faced
by Pakistan and potential solutions:

Conclusion on Pakistan's Economy:

Pakistan faces several economic challenges, including fiscal deficits, external
debt, inflation, unemployment, and low foreign reserves. These issues have
hindered sustained economic growth and development. Additionally,
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political instability and security concerns have contributed to a challenging
economic environment.

Potential Solutions for Pakistan's Economy:

1. Economic Reforms:
- Implement comprehensive economic reforms to improve the business
environment, attract foreign investment, and enhance competitiveness.
- Focus on structural reforms in areas such as taxation, labor, and
regulations to facilitate economic growth.

2. Fiscal Management:
- Strengthen fiscal discipline to reduce budget deficits. This may involve
controlling government expenditures, increasing tax revenues, and
improving tax administration.
- Prioritize public spending on critical sectors such as education,
healthcare, and infrastructure.

3. External Debt Management:

- Develop strategies to manage and reduce external debt, including
renegotiating terms and seeking assistance from international financial
institutions.
- Diversify sources of financing to reduce reliance on external borrowing.

4. Inflation Control:
- Implement monetary policies aimed at controlling inflation to maintain
price stability.
- Address structural issues contributing to inflation, such as energy
shortages and food price volatility.

5. Employment Generation:
- Implement policies to promote job creation and address unemployment,
particularly among the youth.
- Encourage the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to
stimulate economic activity and job opportunities.

6. Investment in Human Capital:

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 - Prioritize education and skills development to enhance the quality of the
workforce and increase productivity.
- Improve healthcare services to ensure a healthy and productive
population.

7. Energy Sector Reforms:

- Address energy shortages and inefficiencies in the energy sector to
support industrial growth.
- Promote renewable energy sources to ensure a sustainable and reliable
energy supply.

8. Political Stability and Governance:

- Foster political stability and good governance to create an environment
conducive to economic development.
- Combat corruption and enhance transparency in government
institutions.

9. Trade and Export Promotion:

- Promote exports by diversifying products and markets.
- Strengthen trade relations with neighboring countries and explore new
trade agreements.

10. Infrastructure Development:

- Invest in infrastructure projects to support economic activities and
improve connectivity.
- Develop transportation, energy, and communication infrastructure to
enhance competitiveness.

It's important to note that the effectiveness of these solutions depends on

their proper implementation, and collaboration between government,
private sector, and civil society is crucial for sustainable economic
development. Additionally, the situation may have evolved since my last
update, so consulting the latest sources for accurate and current information
is advisab

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THE END