Mathematics – exam – sample questions

Part 1 – open questions

Question 1
Find the limit
3−𝑥 − 1
lim .
𝑥→∞ 3−𝑥 + 1

Question 2
Find the integral:
𝑒
∫ ln𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
1

Question 3
In a confectionery 3 cooker work: A, B and C.
The probability that A, B or C messes up a cake is 2%, 3% and 5%, respectively.
50% of the cakes are cooked by A, 30% by B and 20% by C.
(1) What is the probability that a cake is messed up?
(2) What is the probability that a messed up cake is made by A?
(3) What is the probability that a good cake is made by B?

Question 4
Let X be a random variable defined as 𝑋~{(5, 0.1), (8, 0.4), (10, 0.3), (12, 𝑝)}.
(1) What should be 𝑝?
(2) What is the expected value and variance of X?
(3) Plot the (discrete) density function (histogram) and cumulative distribution function of X.

Question 5
In a basketball game 80% of player A's 3-point shots succeeded.
(1) If he tries 10 3-point shots in a game, what is the probability that more that 7 will be succeeded?
(2) If he tries 10 3-point shots in a game, what is the probability that less that 3 will be succeeded?
(3) If he tries 100 3-point shots in a season what is the probability that more than 50 of them is
succeeded? Hint: approximate with the normal distribution.

Question 6
Solve the inequality:
3 × 42𝑥+4 > 4 × 9𝑥+2 .

Question 7
Find the determinant of the matrix:
1 2 7 4
0 0 2 3
[ ].
0 0 0 3
0 4 1 7

Question 8
3 2 1
Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [2 1 4].
3 2 2
Question 9

Solve the following system of equations (prove that it is inconsistent, or present the general solution
and all the basic solutions):
4 + 6𝑥2 + 8 + 2𝑥4 = 20,
{3𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 2𝑥4 = 11,
3𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 21𝑥3 + 3𝑥4 = 30.

Question 10
Find the limit
𝑒 −𝑥 − 1
lim .
𝑥→∞ 𝑒 −𝑥 + 1

Question 11
Find the local extrema of the function:
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = x 2 + 2y 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑦.

Question 12
Find the extrema of the function:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
subject to
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2.

Question 13
Find the integral:
2
∫ 𝑥ex 𝑑𝑥.

Question 14
Find the value of the integral:
3
∫ (𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥 .
1

Question 15
Find the limit of the sequence:
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = + 2 + ⋯+ 2 .
𝑛2 +1 𝑛 +2 𝑛 +𝑛

Question 16
Find the limit of the sequence:
√2𝑛2 + 2𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = .
13𝑛 − 17

Question 17
2 1 3
Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [1 4 2].
2 2 3

Question 18
Find the local extrema of the function:
𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥) = .
𝑥2 + 4
Question 19
Find the integral:
2
∫ 𝑥ex 𝑑𝑥.

Question 20
There are on average 5 cars at a gas station on a busy highway. What is the probability that in a chosen
moment there will be exactly 7 cars at this gas station?

Part 2 – test questions

Question 1
Tautology is a sentence:
YES / NO that is always true, regardless of its components.
YES / NO that is always false, regardless of its components.
YES / NO that can be either true or false, depending on its components.
YES / NO that can be simultaneously true and false.

Question 2
The sentence (𝑝 ⇒ 𝑞) ⇔ (¬𝑝 ∨ 𝑞):
YES / NO is true when p is true and q is false.
YES / NO is false when p is false and q is true.
YES / NO is a tautology.
YES / NO is always true.

Question 3
From the Inclusion – Exclusion Principle it follows that for any finite sets A, B and C:
YES / NO 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 − 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵.
YES / NO |𝐴 ∪ 𝐵| = |𝐴| + |𝐵| + |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵|.
YES / NO |𝐴 ∪ 𝐵| + |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵| = |𝐴| + |𝐵|.
YES / NO |𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶| = |𝐴| + |𝐵| + |𝐶| − |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵| − |𝐴 ∩ 𝐶| − |𝐵 ∩ 𝐶| + |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶|.

Question 4
The elementary operation 𝑟2′ = 𝑟2 − 3𝑟1 performed on a square matrix influences the value of its
determinant in the following way:
YES / NO the determinant is multiplied by 3.
YES / NO the determinant is multiplied by (–3).
YES / NO the value of the determinant does not change.
YES / NO the value of the determinant is reduced by 3𝑟1 .

Question 5
Consider two square matrices A and B.
YES / NO 𝐴𝐵 is always equal to 𝐵𝐴.
YES / NO 𝐴𝐵 is never equal to 𝐵𝐴.
YES / NO if 𝐴−1 = 𝐵, then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to 𝐵𝐴.
YES / NO sometimes 𝐴𝐵 is equal to 𝐵𝐴 even if if 𝐴−1 ≠ 𝐵.
Question 6
Consider a function f such that 𝐷(𝑓) = 𝐷(𝑓 ′ ) = ℝ. The following statements are true:
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ the condition 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 0 holds, then 𝑓 can have a minimum
at 𝑥0 .
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ the condition 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 0 holds, then 𝑓 can have a maximum
at 𝑥0 .
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ the condition 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 0 holds, then 𝑓 has an extremum at
𝑥0 .
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ the condition 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 0 holds, then 𝑓 does not need to have
an extremum at 𝑥0 .

Question 7
Consider a function f such that 𝐷(𝑓) = 𝐷(𝑓 ′ ) = ℝ2 . The following statements are true:
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ2 the condition ∇𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝟎 holds, then 𝑓 can have a minimum
at 𝑥0 .
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ2 the condition ∇𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝟎 holds, then 𝑓 can have a maximum
at 𝑥0 .
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ2 the condition ∇𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝟎 holds, then 𝑓 has an extremum at
𝑥0 .
YES / NO if at some point 𝑥0 ∈ ℝ2 the condition ∇𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝟎 holds, then 𝑓 does not need to
have an extremum at 𝑥0 .

Question 8
Consider two real – valued functions f and g. The following statements are true:
′
YES / NO if 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷(𝑓) ∩ 𝐷(𝑔), then (𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥).
′
YES / NO if 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷(𝑓) ∩ 𝐷(𝑔), then (𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥).
𝑓(𝑥) ′
YES / NO if 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷(𝑓) ∩ 𝐷(𝑔) and 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0, then ( ) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥).
𝑔(𝑥)
′
YES / NO if 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷(𝑓) ∩ 𝐷(𝑔), then (𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))) = 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥))𝑔′ (𝑥).
′

Question 9
If for a set of events 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , … , 𝐵𝑛 the conditions ⋃𝑛𝑖=1 𝐵𝑖 = Ω and ∀1≤𝑖<𝑗≤𝑛 𝐵𝑖 ∩ 𝐵𝑗 = ∅ hold, the
following are true:
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵𝑖 )
YES / NO for any event A, 𝑃(𝐴) = ∑1≤𝑖≤𝑛 𝑃(𝐵𝑖 )
.
YES / NO for any event A, 𝑃(𝐴) = ∑1≤𝑖≤𝑛 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵𝑖 )𝑃(𝐵𝑖 ).
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵𝑘 )𝑃(𝐵𝑘 )
YES / NO for any events A and 𝐵𝑘 , 1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛, 𝑃(𝐵𝑘 |𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵𝑘 )
.
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵𝑘 )𝑃(𝐵𝑘 )
YES / NO for any events A and 𝐵𝑘 , 1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛, 𝑃(𝐵𝑘 |𝐴) = .
𝑃(𝐴)

Question 10
Consider a random variable 𝑋~𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎). The following are true:
YES / NO 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝜎.
YES / NO 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝜇.
YES / NO 𝑉(𝑋) = 𝜎.
YES / NO 𝑆(𝑋) = 𝜇.