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OCCLUSION ANALYSIS OF TEETH

Conference Paper · November 2018

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 OCCLUSION ANALYSIS OF TEETH
Ramya Sree V Tincy K Mariam Prof. J B Jeeva
Department of Biomedical Department of Biomedical
Department of Biomedical
Engineering and Sensor Technology Engineering and Sensor Technology
Engineering and Sensor Technology
Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Institute of Technology
Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore, India
Vellore, India
Vellore, India

Abstract— Occlusion is one of the most important aspects in posterior occlusal schemes: balanced occlusion, lingualized
dentistry. It plays a major role in diagnosis of tooth issues and occlusion, and momoplane occlusion in simulated dentures.
fabricating tooth for the patients. Dentist found it very difficult to
measure the actual occlusion. For years, it’s been an inaccurate But these conventional methods won’t give accurate
test for dentists. Occlusion is the relationship between measurements. The occlusion analysis using piezoelectric
the maxillary (upper and mandibular (lower) teeth. This paper sensor with the help of NI-DAQ and LABVIEW assures an
discuss about the novel method to find the occlusion by accurate result. This work helps the doctors to get the bite
measuring the pressure on teeth. The simulation of dental strain force easily and accurately with high resolution.
is done using NI-DAQ assist and LABVIEW software. The real
time and portability is achieved by designing the dental occlusion
using piezoelectric sensor and arduino-mega interfaced with an
LCD display. The connection is simulated using proteus software
and then implemented on hardware. The pressure applied by the
teeth is sensed by piezoelectric sensor and by piezoelectric
property; the voltage for corresponding pressure is displayed on
the LCD. From the pressure and voltage, the area of articulation
is calculated. The measured values are analyzed in R software
using one way ANOVA test. This device assures a safe, easy and
cost effective method for analyzing the dental occlusion.
Keywords— ANOVA, LABVIEW, Piezoelectric sensor, Occlusion.

I. INTRODUCTION
Fig. 1. Types of Occlusion (A, Right working side. B, Centric occlusion
Tooth is the hardest part of human body. Age, gender and (intercuspal position). C, Nonworking side)
disease history of a person determines the strength of teeth. The
severe damage to teeth will affect the body, since the roots of
teeth have connection with nerves in brain. The patients with II. TYPES OF BITE FORCE MEASUREMENT
severe tooth related problem may need orthodontics for There are two types of bite force measurements. They are
support. In these cases, occlusion analysis plays a major role. direct bite force and indirect bite force. Direct technique uses
The conventional methods used for occlusion analysis are transducers that are placed between teeth for measurement,
articulation paper and wax. The paper titled “Occlusion which is convenient to measure submaxilar force. Indirect
analysis using T- Scan technology” by Antony Fernandes method uses functional relationship to measure the bite force.
shows that the pressure analysis is done using T-Scan The physiological and pathological factors greatly determine
technology, which is highly expensive. The scientists and prior
the bite force values.
workers done the occlusion analysis based on pressure
detection papers and waxes. “Relationship between occlusion
TABLE I. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TOOTH
and satisfaction with dental appearance in orthodontically
Alveolar length Actual
treated and untreated groups. A longitudinal study”- work by a Molar tooth row (mm) 28
set of scientists in 2000 shows the relationship between Tooth row (mm) 58
occlusion analysis for appearance and satisfaction. An In Vitro Maxillary tooth row(mm) 64
Study by Poornima Madalli, C R Murali, and Pragati Parash, Width of the jaw (mm) 54
“Effect of occlusal scheme on the pressure distribution of
complete denture supporting tissues”, they compared the
pressure values on the supportive tissue using three different
 Fig. 4. Proteus Simulation

B. Hardware Part
The working environment for the occlusion analysis is
Arduino-mega. The LCD, piezoelectric sensor and keypad are
interfaced with it for measurement.

Fig. 6. Block diagram for dental pressure measurement

Fig. 2. Measurement of teeth

III. METHODOLOGY
A. Simulation part
The simulation part of this work is done on LABVIEW and Fig. 5. Hardware setup
Proteus. Initially the change in voltage while applying
pressure on pressure sensor is simulated and studied using C. Analysis using ANOVA
LABVIEW software. The sensor is connected to the computer The ANOVAs analysis helps to study the pressure variations
through NI-DAQ board. The pressure is applied slightly to the of the normal teeth and abnormal teeth. The bar plot helps to
sensor by pressing it with thumb and index finger. The do a comparative study on upper buccal, upper palatal, lower
variation in pressure is obtained in the graph in front panel of linguinal, and lower buccal regions. The pressure values are
LABVIEW. From the connections, the young’s modulations taken from 4 different people.
can be calculated. In the LABVIEW block diagram, the gauge
factor is set as 2.05 and gauge resistance as 120 Ω. The TABLE II. TOOTH PRESSURE VALUES
voltage for the same is set as 5V. SUBJECT/ I II III IV
Formula= (6 ∗ 𝑀 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 𝐿𝑆)/(𝑒 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ ℎ2 )) REGION
Upper Buccal 30 31 25 28
Where, ‘M’ is the mass, ‘LS’ is the strain, ‘b’ is base, ‘h’ is
height and ‘e’ is strain. Upper Palatal 80 78 72 76
Lower Buccal 170 169 163 165
Lower Linguinal 90 88 86 89

The above table shows the tooth pressure values of four

different people. The variation matters a lot while designing
orthodontics. This is a clear and accurate method of occlusion
analysis.

Fig. 3. Schematic showing interfacing of sensor with NI-LABVIEW

The simulation for hardware setup is done using proteus

software. The proteus design suite is a proprietary software
tool suite used primarily for electronic design automation.
Schematic capture in the proteus design suite is used for both
the simulation of design and as the design phase of a PCB
layout project. The working of Arduino program with LCD
and keypad is simulated. Then the technique is implemented
on hardware.
 Graph: 1. Tooth Pressure values of 4 different persons.
1. Upper Buccal 2. Upper Palatal 3. Lower Buccal
4. Lower Linguinal

IV. CONCLUSION
The Project on occlusion analysis of teeth using pressure
sensor and analysis on ANOVA is a practical method to
overcome the demerits of conventional inaccurate methods.
The ANOVA analysis shows the variation in tooth pressure
for different persons. This work can be implemented as a hand
held device, so that it becomes portable and easy to use by the
dentists. This is a cheap and efficient device with promising
reliability in its application.

REFERENCE

• Ming-Lun Hsu, Sandro P, Gallo Luigi M, “Sensitivity and

Reliability of the T- Scan System for Occlusal Analysis”, Journal
of Carniomandibular Disorders, 6(1), 17-23, 1992.
• Vinoth Kumar G, Antony Fernandes, “Occlusion Analysis using T
scan technology”,2008.
• Kerstein RB, “Articulating paper misconception and computerized
occlusal analysis technology”, Dental Implantology, 19 (6), 41-
46,2008.
• CorinneTardieu,MichelDumitrescu, “Dental Occlusion and
postural control in adults”,2009.
• Antony Fernandes, “Occlusion analysis using T- Scan
technology”.
• Poornima Madalli, C R Murali, and Pragati Parash, “Effect of
occlusal scheme on the pressure distribution of complete denture
supporting tissues”

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