Artificial Intelligence 1 (CAI 2603)

Prepared by:
Dr. Mohamed Azzam

Introduction II– Lec. 2

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 Lecture 2
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
RECENT WORKS

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 Lecture 2
Recycling Images

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 Lecture 2
Healthcare
Artificial Intelligence has been extensively used in healthcare, including:
1. Diagnosis: Precise diagnosis, identification, and quantification of lesions
2. Pre-surgical planning: Individualized treatment planning, therapy simulation,
and outcome
3. Surgical navigation: Informative real-time surgical guidance for patient-specific
support
4. Prognosis: Accurate post-treatment assessment for complicated procedure with
prognosis

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 Lecture 2
Image Generation Based on Text Description
Foundation Models: DALL-E (OpenAI)
Ex: “A 2D animation of a folk music band composed of anthropomorphic
autumn leaves, each playing traditional bluegrass instruments, amidst a
rustic forest setting dappled with the soft light of a harvest moon.”

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 Lecture 2
Poe: Paper Model

Try this out:

https://poe.com/

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 Lecture 2
Poe: Paper Model (cont’d)

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 Lecture 2
Paradigm
❑ This course is about:
❖ General AI techniques for many problem types
❖ Learning to choose and apply the technique appropriate for each problem
❑ In this course, we will adopt the modeling-inference-learning paradigm.
❑ three pillars to AI: modeling, inference, and learning.

Modeling

Inference

Learning

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 Lecture 2
Paradigm: Modeling
Modeling is the process of approximating real-
world problems using formal mathematical
objects called models.

Modeling allows us to study these problems

and identify solutions using computers

Modeling can be lossy

Modeling

One key challenge in modeling -- what

complexity do we need to keep? Exceptions:
games such as: Chess, Go, or Sudoku are
defined in a formal way so that the model are
identical to the problem

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 Lecture 2
Paradigm: Inference
The task of inference is to answer questions
about model. Ex: what is the shortest path?
or cheapest path?

The focus of inference is usually on efficient

algorithms that can answer these questions.

For some models, computational complexity

can be a concern (games such as Go), and
usually approximations are needed.

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 Lecture 2
Paradigm: Learning
Instead of constructing a full model, we write down a way to specify models abstractly
If we can collect data about congestion, then we can learn what these unknown
congestion parameters should be
Machine learning is this process of turning an abstract model family that we can
easily write down into a concrete model of the world that we can query

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 Lecture 2
Readings
Textbook, Chapter 2

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