### Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs):

1. What holds atoms together in substances?

a) Mechanical forces
b) Chemical bonds
c) Magnetic forces
d) Nuclear forces
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2. Which type of bond is formed when one

atom loses an electron and another gains it?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Van der Waals bond
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3. What type of bond involves the sharing of
electrons between atoms?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Dipole-dipole bond
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4. What determines the type of bond formed

between atoms?
a) Protons
b) Neutrons
c) Electrons
d) Nuclei
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5. What is the nature of the bond between a
hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom?
a) Ionic bond
b) Polar covalent bond
c) Non-polar covalent bond
d) Metallic bond
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6. What type of compounds consist of ions

joined by electrostatic forces?
a) Covalent compounds
b) Metallic compounds
c) Ionic compounds
d) Molecular compounds
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7. What type of interactions occur between
polar molecules?
a) Hydrogen bonding
b) London dispersion forces
c) Dipole-dipole interactions
d) Van der Waals forces
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8. How do melted ionic compounds conduct

electricity?
a) Through the movement of electrons
b) Through the movement of protons
c) Through the movement of ions
d) Through the movement of neutrons

9. What is responsible for the adhesive action

of paints and dyes?
 a) Hydrogen bonding
b) London dispersion forces
c) Ionic bonding
d) Metallic bonding

10. Which intermolecular forces are weaker

than ionic or covalent bonds?
a) London dispersion forces
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Metallic bonding
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### Short Answer Questions:

Define a covalent bond and explain how it
differs from an ionic bond.
. What are the intermolecular forces
responsible for the properties of water,
proteins, and synthetic materials?
. Describe the formation of a covalent bond
between hydrogen and fluorine atoms.
Explain the difference between polar and
non-polar covalent bonds.
Discuss the significance of hydrogen bonding
in biological molecules like DNA and
proteins.
What are the fundamental forces that hold
atoms together in substances?
Define chemical bonds and their nature.
How do atoms achieve stability by gaining or
losing electrons?
Explain the formation of ionic bonds
between atoms.
Describe the characteristics of ionic
compounds.
What is the electronic configuration of a
noble gas?
What is the difference between polar and
non-polar covalent bonds?
. Explain the concept of intermolecular
forces.
. How do hydrogen bonds contribute to the
properties of substances?
### Long Answer Questions:

1. Compare and contrast the properties of

ionic and covalent compounds, including
their melting points, solubility, and electrical
conductivity.
2. Discuss the role of intermolecular forces in
the physical properties of substances. Provide
examples to illustrate your answer.