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Lecture 1
Lecture 1
Classification of matter:
All matter, at least in principle, can exist in three
states: solid, liquid, and gas. Solids are rigid objects
with definite shapes. Liquids are less rigid than solids
and are fluid they can flow and assume the shape of
their containers. Like liquids, gases are fluid, but
unlike liquids, they can expand indefinitely.
Matter can be classified as solid, liquid, or
gas based on what properties it exhibits.
State Shape Volume Compress Flow
Solid Fixed Fixed No No
Liquid Indef. Fixed No Yes
Gas Indef. Indef. Yes Yes
❖On the other hand, the statement “Hydrogen gas burns in oxygen gas
to form water” describes a chemical property of hydrogen because to
observe this property we must carry out a chemical change, in this
case burning. After the change, the original substances, hydrogen and
oxygen gas, will have vanished and a chemically different substance—
water—will have taken their place.