Rizal’s Life and Works

TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF

RIZAL

Número uno
 Ice
Breaker
(recap of the last topic)
 What was the 2
option place of Rizal
in his stay at Dapitan?
 Give at least 3
contribution of Rizal
when he won the lottery?
 What was the name of
Rizal’s favorite teacher who
was with him in making the
map of Mindanao?
 Agenda
01 Introduction 04 Preparing for an End
02 A Manifesto 05 The Bitter End
03 Trial 06 Retraction
 Introduction
After his exile in Dapitan, Rizal was set to go to Cuba as
a volunteer of the Spanish Medical Corps Service.

Rizal was not able to leave immediately for Spain, since

the vessel Isla De Luzon already left. Therefore he was
transferred to Spanish Cruiser Castilla & Stayed there for
a month.
 Introduction
After his exile in Dapitan, Rizal was set to go to Cuba as
a volunteer of the Spanish Medical Corps Service.

Rizal was not able to leave immediately for Spain, since

the vessel Isla De Luzon already left. Therefore he was
transferred to Spanish Cruiser Castilla & Stayed there for
a month.
 01.
a manifesto
 A Manifesto
Preliminary investigations began on 20
November, and customary to the Spanish
criminal procedure, he was allowed to testify on
his own behalf, but not to cross-examine the
witnesses who testified against him, nor to give a
formal defense.
 A Manifesto
While awaiting trial in 1896, Rizal wrote a
manifesto that expressed his disapproval of the
armed revolution against Spain. He cleared his
name, which he said was being used by some
revolutionaries to espouse certain ideals.
 A Manifesto
Rizal attempted to exonerate himself through five points
expressed in the manifesto; First, he disowned being part
of the revolution; second, that despite being consulted
regarding the plan revolution, he advised againts it; third,
that he offered his services to stop the rebellion; fourth,
that he condemns the "barbarous uprising"; and fifth, he
thought the uprising to be premature and that reforms
must "come from above," and not from the people.
02
The trial
 The Trial
On December 19 1896, newly appointed
Governor- General Camilo Polavieja ordered the
trial of Rizal.

The court-martial was held at the Hall of Flags of

the Cuartel de España in Intramuros.
 The Trial
Rizal faced trial on December 26 1896 with
Lieutenant Luis Taviel de Andrade posited that the
charges were based on events that occured before
the revolution.
Rizal presented 12 arguments and admitted to
know 5 of supposed witnesses to prove his
innocence.
 The Trial
Rizal admitted in organizing La Liga
Filipina , but with peaceful intent.
Rizal was ordered to be executed on
Wednesday, December 30 1896 at seven
in the morning in Bagumbayan.
 03
preparing for an end
 Preparing for an End
Back at Fort Santiago, Rizal spent a few quiet moments
writing letters to loved once.

Josephine Braken had a final moments with Rizal. But

in a similar manner with his family, her interaction with
Rizal was limited as well.
 04
The Bitter End
 The Bitter End
Detachment that would
escort Rizal had started to
fall in by 6:30 in the
morning.
The firing squad was made
up of all Filipinos armed
with remingtons
 The Bitter End
Rizal was dressed in black , save for his white shirt and
waistcoat, his arms loosely bound to his elbows.
He arrived with Taviel de Andrale, and the Jesuits Jose
Vilaclara and Estanislao March.
 The Bitter End
“In the name of the King, he who raises his voice
in favor of the criminal will be executed.”
Testimony of Alberto B. Mendoza
“The Jesuit priest approached him, said a prayer, then blessed him. Then a colonel approached him
too, as our commander officer ordered us to move two paces backward, and the firing squad,
composed of six Filipinos, came forward and took our former position behind Rizal. With visible
effort, Rizal raised his right hand, which was tied at the elbow, and took off his chistera.
Amidst the silence, Rizal began to move his head very slowly up and down, his lips moving as if in a
prayer. Then the commanding officer, by means of his saber, signaled the firing squad to aim. The
saber dropped and there was a simultaneous crackle of rifle fire. Jose Rizal wheeled in one last
effort and toppled forward with a thud, his face turned toward the sky and his derby hat thrown
forward. He had fallen in the direction of the bay.
 The Bitter End
Dona Teodora went to every official to request for the
body of Rizal after the execution.
Narcissa went to Paang Bundok to search for his
brother’s body.
Narcissa saw Mayor Luengco inspecting a grave with
some army officers in an old graveyard in Paco.
The grave was marked with a small marble slab, it
was inscribed “R.P.J.”
05
Retraction
 Retraction
Among the controversies surrounding Rizal's
life and martyrdom had to do with the final
hours before his execution. A retraction and
profession of faith made on Rizal's last day on
Earth was a cause for debate from opposing
factions.
 Retraction
One claim was that, with the aid of the Jesuit priests
who visited him, Rizal had written the retraction,
confessed his sins (four times, apparently),

But unfortunately they brought him back again and

shot him on the 30th of December 1896(1) before his
execution he married me at 5 o'clock in the morning.
 Retraction
While a document was discovered stating the
recovery in 1935, those who doubt the veracity
of this event will also say that the said document
may be a fake that the alleged eyewitness count
is not credible.
 06
Chapter Summary
 Chapter Summary
Rizal was set to go to Cuba as a volunteer of the
Spanish medical corps service but was placed
under arrest and was to be brought back to
Manila. He arrived in Manila on 3 November 1896
and was confined Incommunicado at Fort
Santiago, charged with illicit association and
rebellion in connection to the 1896 uprising.
 Chapter Summary
Preliminary investigations began on 20 November,
Rizal was allowed to testify on his own behalf, but
not to cross-examine the witnesses who testified
against him, nor to give a formal defense. Fifteen
documents were presented as documentary
evidence, along with oral testimonies of those who
linked him to the uprising.
 Chapter Summary
Rizal attempted to exonerate himself by
issuing a "Manifesto to Certain Filipinos,"
wherein he expressed his condemnation of
the uprising and disclaims any paclemency,
but Polavieja refused to see her.
 Chapter Summary
Rizal faced trial on 26 December, with Luis Taviel de
Andrade as his counsel. Taviel stuck to "technical
objections to the evidence," while Rizal based his own
defense from "his memo- randum of the 12th, his oral
argument of the 26th, and his answers to Olive's
interrogation. He also admitted to knowing only five of the
supposed witnesses: Moises Salvador, Ambrosio Salvador,
Pio Valenzuela, Deodato Arellano, Pedro Serrano, and
Timoteo Paez.
 Chapter Summary
Rizal was sentenced to death and was ordered to be
executed on Wednesday, 30 December at seven in the
morning in Bagumbayan. Doña Teodora appealed for
clemency, but Polavieja refused to see her.

Rizal's last hours were spent writing letters and bidding

his loved ones who visited him farewell. He was also said
to have retracted and professed his faith in the Catholic
Church before facing execution.
Questions
to Ask
(Recitation)
1
Why Rizal
decided to go
to cuba?
 Volunteer of
Spanish Medical
Corps Service
 When was the

2
preliminary
investigation and
customary criminal
procedure began?
 began on
November 20
 What is Rizal’s

3
writing called that
expressed his
disapproval of armed
revolution against
Spain?
A Manifesto
 When was
4 the trial of
Rizal?
December 26
1896
 Who is the

5 appointed person
to ordered the
trial of Rizal?
Governor- General
Camilo Polavieja
Quiz
 How many

1
arguments did
Rizal presented
to prove his
innocence?
 In the last will

2 of Rizal, where
did he want to
be buried?
 Who heard the

3
plead of dona
teodora when she
was requesting for
his son’s body?
4 Meaning of
R.P.J
 Give the date,

5 day, and time

Rizal’s
execution.
thank you!