PRACTICAL CIRCUIT

Chapter 11

JC1 PHYSICS
TERM 3 WEEK 4

Name : _______________________________
Class : _______________________________
 CIRCUIT SYMBOL
Draw symbol of electrical components that you remember.

Name Symbol

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 Name Symbol

Draw a circuit contain a battery, lamp, wire and the ammeter to measure
the current in the lamp.

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Resistance in Ammeter
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Draw a circuit contain a d.c. power supply, resistor, wire and the voltmeter to
measure the p.d across the resistor.

Resistance in Voltmeter
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF ELECTRICAL SOURCES

Internal Resistance is ……………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Equation to find internal resistance of source is

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Draw electrical circuit to determine the e.m.f and internal resistance of the
battery.

Record the data of your teacher

Current / A Terminal p.d / V

Plot the graph here of V (y-axis) to I (x axis) here

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Find the gradient and y-intercept of your graph.

When plotting current (I) on the x-axis and terminal pd (V) on the y-axis
you can determine:
• Internal resistance = - gradient
• EMF, E = y-intercept of graph

Conclude the internal resistance and e.m.f of the battery

The dashed line( ----- ) enclosing E and r represents the fact that these two
are a single component.
r is the internal resistance of the power supply.
The equation can be derived to this form

E = IR + Ir

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 EXERCISE
Question 1: There is a current of 0.40A when a battery of emf 6.0V is
connected to a resistor of 13.5Ω. Calculate the internal resistance of the cell.

Question 2: A battery of emf 5.0V and internal resistance 2.0Ω is connected

to an 8.0Ω resistor. Draw a circuit diagram and calculate the current in the
circuit.

Question 3:
(i)Calculate the current in each circuit below.
(ii) Calculate the ‘lost’ volts for each cell and terminal pd.

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Question 4: When a high resistance voltmeter is placed across an isolated
battery, its reading is 3.0V. When a 10Ω resistor is connected across the
terminals of the battery, the voltmeter reading drops to 2.8V. Use this
information to determine the internal resistance of the battery.

Question 5: A car battery has an emf of 12V and an internal resistance of

0.04Ω. The starter motor draws a current of 100A.
(a) Calculate the terminal pd of the battery when the starter motor is in
operation.
(b) Each headlamp is rated as ‘12V, 36W’. Calculate the resistance of the
headlamp.
(c) To what value will the power output of each headlamp decrease
when the starter motor is in operation? (Assume that the resistance of
the headlamp remains constant)

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 POTENTIAL DIVIDER AND POTENTIOMETER

Sometimes we only want to use part of the emf of a supply. For example, we
only want to use 3V from a 6V power supply.
Draw electrical circuit that can be used to divide voltage

How to calculate the output voltage of potential divider.

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 Determine the range Vout for the
circuit in the figure below as the
variable resistor R2 is adjusted over
its full range from 0Ω to 40Ω.
(Assume the supply of emf 10V has
negligible internal resistance).

SENSOR IN POTENTIAL DIVIDER CIRCUIT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

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 POTENTIOMETER
POTENTIOMETER IS
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Draw potentiometer circuit

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Explain why the galvanometer needle is in zero position.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Equation to find unknown e.m.f

Explain limitation of using potentiometer.

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………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

COMPARING EMF WITH A POTENTIOMETER

Remember C and D is
the point where there
is ZERO deflection, so
the balance points.
Equation of
comparison Ex and Ey

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 EXERCISE
1. To make a potentiometer, a driver cell of emf, 4.0V is connected across a
1.00m length of resistance wire.
(a) What is the potential difference across each 1cm length of wire? What
length of wire has a pd of 1.0V across it.
(b) A cell of unknown emf is connected to the potentiometer and the
balance point is found at a distance of 37.0cm from the end of the
wire to which the galvonometer is connected. Estimate the value of E.
Explain why this can only be an estimate.
(c) A standard cell of emf 1.230V gives a balance length of 31.2cm. Use
this value to obtain a more accurate value for E.

SPACE TO ANSWER WORKBOOK PAGE 75-79

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Q1

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Q2

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