Republic of the Philippines

REGION VIII (EASTERN VISAYAS)

EASTERN SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY (ESSU)

Maypandan, Borongan City, Eastern Samar

Development of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage System Power Supply for ESSU main

streetlights

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of

EASTERN SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements EE_417 Research Method

Presented by

Balbin, Rio Nino T.

December 2023
 Introduction

Fossil fuel is the basic material used in power plants to generate electricity. It is seen as a

resource that is not replenishable. The world's natural fossil fuel supply has been running out as a

result. It is the duty of researchers to discover alternate energy sources because the world's

natural reserves of fossil fuels are steadily running out.

Researchers have recently become interested in renewable energy sources because they

are sustainable, can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, and reduce emissions that negatively

impact the environment and public health. The researcher is also constantly working to find more

effective ways to harvest, store, and use these energies.

Also, technology developed in the Philippines, long-lasting and energy-efficient electrical

lamps replaced gas-fired ones. Without question, street lighting benefits everyone in today's

world by providing comfort and safety during the evening and nighttime hours. However, power

grids and lighting networks offer significant risks to public safety. They also make lighting

network maintenance difficult, particularly in situations where power grid issues arise.
 CHAPTER 1

Background of the Study

Street lighting is important to urban infrastructure because it provides safety and visibility at

night. Traditional street lighting systems are primarily powered by grid electricity, which

increases energy costs and harms the environment. In response to the growing emphasis on

sustainable practices, there is a demand for innovative solutions for street lighting that use

renewable energy sources.

Energy storage systems help save excess clean electrical power generated by various

renewable energy resources for later use when adequate renewable energy resources are

unavailable. As a response to wind energy resource utilization, hybrid energy systems have been

developed and innovated over the last three decades. For example, hybrid energy systems can be

used in areas where the electrical grid's electricity tariff is prohibitively expensive, in areas

where the electrical grid is weak and intermittent, or when solar radiation and wind energy are

insufficient to generate clean electrical power.

The wind turbine system combined with the battery storage system has been described in

the literature as a hybrid power system. According to citation (Sarrias-Mena, 2014) (), a hybrid

system consisting of a wind turbine system and electrochemical batteries was studied to improve

the profitability of wind power. The hybrid system is simulated under various operating

conditions. Indeed, a conventional wind turbine system without ESS is also considered a base

case to highlight the main benefits of the hybrid power system. In another study ((Saheb Koussa

et al., 2017)), a managing system consisting of a wind turbine equipped with a battery and a
generator supplying load is studied, designed, and built to represent a typical house consumption.

In addition, a home energy management system including a small-scale wind turbine system and

battery bank is considered to determine the optimal charging-discharging pattern for the battery

and also to specify optimal capacity with optimal rated power of the battery at the same time

( ((Hemmati, 2017)).

As cities continue to shape our landscapes, the need for efficient and sustainable infrastructure

becomes more pressing. Street lighting stands out as a critical component of urban infrastructure,

serving as a foundation for public safety, accessibility, and overall quality of life. On the other

hand, the traditional reliance on grid electricity to power streetlights raises concerns about

economic sustainability and environmental impact.

In response to these challenges, this study proposes a novel approach to streetlight power

supply: the development of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage System (TBESS). In contrast to

traditional systems, the TBESS harnesses the power of the wind via a small-scale turbine,

generating electricity while also storing excess energy for later use. This innovative system is a

game-changer in the quest for greener, more sustainable urban lighting solutions.

Statement of the Problem

In many areas, schools struggle to provide adequate lighting for their facilities, particularly

during the evening hours. Conventional power sources may be unreliable or unavailable,

potentially posing a safety risk and limiting the use of school facilities after dark. To address this

issue, an efficient and sustainable energy storage system is required to power streetlights on

school grounds, ensuring a safe and well-lit environment for various activities. Developing a

Turbine-Based Energy Storage System for School Streetlight Power Supply presents several

challenges that must be carefully considered. This research aims to provide valuable insights into

the implementation of sustainable and efficient lighting solutions on school campuses, fostering a

safe and environmentally conscious educational environment.

Research Objectives

1. To power streetlights on school grounds in the evening. This system aims to capture

renewable energy, efficiently store it, and provide a reliable and sustainable source of

power for lighting the school grounds.

2. To provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution to address the evening power supply

needs of school streetlights, contributing to the overall well-being and safety of the

school community.
 3. To contribute valuable insights to the development of a turbine-based energy storage

system for school streetlight power supply in the evening, addressing technical,

economic, environmental, and social aspects of the project.

Significance of the Study

This study aimed to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and dependable solution for

powering school streetlights in the evening, with an emphasis on harnessing wind energy via

turbines and efficient energy storage systems.

To the Community. Wind turbine electricity does not pollute the water we drink or the air

we breathe, so wind energy means less smog, acid rain, and greenhouse gas emissions. Wind

energy reduces health care and environmental costs associated with air pollution because it is a

clean energy source.

To the Students. The findings of the study will enable students to learn a piece of

information about the potential to transform the educational landscape by instilling in students a

sustainable and environmentally conscious mindset, providing hands-on learning opportunities,

and contributing to the overall well-being of the school community.

To the Future Researchers. For future researchers who may wish to explore the use of a

Turbine-Based Energy Storage System Power Supply for ESSU Main streetlights, this study can

serve as a reference for their future studies, and this will also serve as a stepping stone on a

foundation for further improvisation on their skills in the conduct of research projects.
Scope and Limitation

The development of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage System Power Supply for ESSU

main streetlights is motivated by a combination of environmental stewardship, financial

prudence, safety considerations, educational goals, community engagement, and a proactive

response to the evolving energy landscape. This integrated approach emphasizes the project's

multifaceted significance and potential positive impacts on the school and surrounding

community.

This study will be conducted in ESSU MAIN, so its findings could not be generalized to

other settings of Eastern Samar State University.

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

I. Review of Related Literature

Khare, V. et.al used hybrid energy systems that are featured with their high capability

to increase the rate of reliability of several renewable energy systems. They investigated

experimentally the economic feasibility of a hybrid wind-solar energy system to offer clean

electrical power for street lighting in low-traffic roads, in which, they sized the wind turbine,

solar PV modules, batteries, charge controller, and converter. They selected metal halide lamps
as they are the most appropriate light bulbs for low-traffic roads. Their results revealed that solar

and wind energy resources can be utilized to operate low-consuming streetlights. In addition,

findings confirmed that the annual energy generation equaled 371.7 kWh, whereas the annual

energy consumption amounted to 222.8 kWh. Consequently, the remaining amount (148.9 kWh)

could be exported to the electrical network making a profit from the hybrid wind-solar energy

system.

L. Sheng. Et.al Harnessing energy from alternative energy source has been recorded

since early history. Renewable energy is abundantly found anywhere, free of cost and has non-

polluting characteristics. However, these energy sources are based on the weather condition and

possess inherited intermittent nature, which hinders stable power supply. Combining multiple

renewable energy resources can be a possible solution to overcome defects, which not only

provides reliable power but also leads to reduction in required storage capacity Although an

oversized hybrid system satisfies the load demand, it can be unnecessarily expensive. An

undersized hybrid system is economical, but may not be able to meet the load demand. The

optimal sizing of the renewable energy power system depends on the mathematical model of

system components. This paper summarizes the mathematical modeling of various renewable

energy system particularly PV, wind, hydro and storage devices. Because of the nonlinear power

characteristics, wind and PV system require special techniques to extract maximum power.

Hybrid system has complex control system due to integration of two (or more) different power

sources. The complexity of system increases with maximum power point tracking (MPPT)

techniques employed in their subsystems. This paper also summarizes mathematical modeling of

various MPPT techniques for hybrid renewable energy systems.

 Intense energy density and high predictability of tidal current resources make marine

current turbine (MCT) a promising technology for generating electricity from the oceans.

Industrial and academic research progresses on the MCT turbine designs are presented in Ref.

Several megawatt level systems are currently under test and planned to be installed in pilot MCT

farms in the coming years . Similar to a wind turbine, the total kinetic power harnessed by a

marine current turbine can be calculated by,

Typical turbine power coefficient Cp values for a marine current turbine are in the range

of 0.35–0.5. Different from wind turbines, MCT works in the seawater being more corrosive than

air. Decreasing maintenances of MCTs as low as possible is required. Eliminating pitch control

can be an interesting design option for MCTs because this system increases system complexity

with high maintenance requirements.

Power variation is still a problem for MCTs. For a daily-time scale, the astronomic

nature of tides causes seawater to flow regularly each day (flood and ebb tides). For a longer

time scale, the amplitude of the tide varies with the relative position of earth, moon and sun

(spring and neap tides). On the other hand, an island grid load has its own variation pattern each

day, which is related to the consumer’s behavior. Therefore, the energy storage system (ESS) is

essential to solve the unbalances between the MCT generated power and the local load demand.

A detailed comparison and evaluation of different ESS technologies for MCT application can be

found in Ref. Daily power management for a single megawatt MCT based on battery storage

system has been studied in Ref.

 Tao Ma, H. et. al used renewable energy, particularly solar and wind power integrated

with microgrid technology, offers important opportunities for remote communities to provide

power supply, improve local energy security and living conditions. The combination of solar,

wind power and energy storage make possible the sustainable generation of energy for remote

communities and keep energy costs lower than diesel generation as well. The purpose of this

study is to optimize the system design of a proposed hybrid solar–wind-pumped storage system

in standalone mode for an isolated microgrid of a scale of a few hundred kW. The initial design

process of the system’s major components is presented, and then optimized based on a techno-

economic evaluation. The optimal system configuration under zero loss of power supply

probability (LPSP) is further examined. In addition, the system performance of hybrid solar–

wind, solar-alone and wind-alone systems with pumped storage under LPSP from 0% to 5% is

investigated and compared. Results demonstrate that addition of wind turbine can result in a

lower cost of energy (COE) and help reduce the size of energy storage. Sensitivity analysis on

several key parameters is also performed to examine their effects on system COE.

Mesbahi, T. et. al improved structure of stand-alone wind power system which is presented

in this paper based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and permanent magnet

synchronous machine (PMSM). A Li-ion battery energy storage system is used to compensate

the inherent power fluctuations (excess or shortage) and to regulate the overall system operation

based on a power management strategy. The modeling and the control of a DFIG for stand-alone

power applications are detailed. However, the magnitude and frequency of the DFIG stator
output voltage are controlled under variable mechanical speed. This task is ensured via the

control of

and

components of the rotor flux by means of a back-to-back pulse width modulation (PWM)

converter connected to the rotor side of the DFIG. The PMSM is coupled mechanically to the

wind turbine and supplies a required power to the PWM converter in order to regulate the dc bus

voltage to the desired value.

In order to validate the proposed stand-alone wind power supply structure both a theoretical

system analysis and a complete simulation of the overall wind energy conversion system

(WECS) with Li-ion battery energy storage system is carried out to prove the performances of

the control strategy.

Oh, U., et. al presents a study on reliability assessment and new contribution function

development of power system including Wind Turbine Generator(WTG) combined with Battery

Energy Storage System(BESS). This paper develops and proposes new reliability contribution

function of BESS installed at wind farms. The methodology of reliability assessment, using

Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method to simulate sample state duration, is proposed in detail.

Forced Outage Rate(FOR) considered probabilistic approach for conventional generators is

modelled in this paper. The high penetration of wind power can make risk to power system

adequacy, quality and stability. Although the fluctuation of wind power, BESS installed at wind

farms may smooth the wind power fluctuation. Using similar size model system as Korea power
system, a case study of reliability evaluation and new proposed contribution function of power

system containing WTG combined with BESS is demonstrated in this paper, which would

contributes to BESS reliability contribution and assessment tools of actual power system in

future.

Chapter III

Methodology

Research Design

A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as a design-based research

approach, are used in the research design for the development of a Turbine-Based Energy

Storage System (TBESS) for ESSU main Streetlights Power Supply. Throughout the study, the

design-based research approach allows for iterative development and refinement of the TBESS

prototype.

This methodology aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive approach to the

development and implementation of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage System for School

Streetlight Power Supply, ensuring an informed and sustainable integration within educational

environments.
 By combining a design-based research approach with a mixed-methods strategy, this

research design aims to provide a holistic understanding of the development and implementation

of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage System for School Streetlight Power Supply, ensuring

technical efficacy, economic viability, and community acceptance.

Research Subject

The study focuses on the design and implementation of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage

System (TBESS) for ESSU main streetlight power supply. This topic was chosen due to the

growing emphasis in educational settings on sustainable and renewable energy solutions.

Schools, as critical components of urban infrastructure, provide a unique opportunity to integrate

innovative energy technologies that support sustainability goals. The topic addresses the need for

energy-efficient lighting solutions in schools while also investigating the feasibility and impact

of powering streetlights with small-scale wind turbines and energy storage systems.

To ensure a practical understanding of TBESS in real-world settings, the research will be

conducted on urban school campuses. Urban areas frequently face higher energy demands and

environmental challenges, making them critical testing and implementation sites for sustainable

energy solutions. The school campuses chosen will represent a range of urban environments,

considering factors such as geographical location, climate conditions, and socioeconomic

characteristics. This method seeks to provide insights that can be applied to a variety of urban

contexts and educational institutions.

Research Instrument

A variety of research tools will be used to thoroughly investigate the development and

implementation of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage System (TBESS) for the ESSU main

streetlight power supply. These tools are intended to collect quantitative and qualitative data

from a variety of perspectives, such as technical performance, economic feasibility, and

community acceptance. The study intends to collect a comprehensive dataset that covers

technical, economic, and social aspects of the development of a Turbine-Based Energy Storage

System for School Streetlight Power Supply by utilizing a combination of these research

instruments. The triangulation of data from multiple sources will improve the research findings'

reliability and validity.

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