UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS- GRADE 11

Functions of Cultural, Social and Political Institutions

Education in the Present Society

LESSON 1: Function of Education in the Society

Education is essential for every society and individual. It is life itself but not a preparation for life. Man has various
qualities. These qualities of the individual should be developed for the improvement of the country. Therefore,
education plays a complementary role for overall individual, social and national development. It enables an individual
to realize his highest self and goal.
The society is never stationed. It is progressive and dynamic. The child lives in society. It is the social environment
where the personality of the child can be developed. The old traditions, customs are preserved and transmitted with the
situations, which are ever changing. We should not think or believe in the blind beliefs, which are hindrances towards
our development. Education helps to walk with the development of science and technology.

The Functions of Education & Types of Education

Educational Institutions- refers to the established normative system of providing and receiving education and
training. The schools and centers for skills training and development are the organizations responsible for this
institutional function and purpose.

1. Knowledge Acquisition – schools lay down the foundations for structured learning and providing students with a
range of learning tools, materials, and interactive learning experience.
2. Skills Development – schools bring out from the students their hidden potentials, skills, and talents that are
developed through sport and training, and participation in co-curricular and extracurricular activities.
3. Values Formation- schools mold the character of students by imbibing in them the values integrated in the courses
or subjects that they take up, as well as the core values that the school promotes though disciple and habit.
4. Socialization- schools offer a new environment, a second home, a second family with peer groups, a second
parents with teachers. The student learns to establish rapport, relations, and attains status recognition.
5. Life Preparation – schools prepare the student for a life of independence, self- reliance, and competence for an
occupation or a job. Students learn about task responsibilities and hardship in the pursuit of goal

The functions being played by education towards individual, society and nation are as follows:
INDIVIDUAL
1. Development of inborn potentialities- Education helps the child to develop the inborn potentialities of child
providing scope to develop.
2. All around development – Education aims at the holistic development of child-physical, mental, social,
emotional, and spiritual.
3. Preparing for the future – after the completion of education the child can earn its livelihood getting proper
education, which has productivity. The education should be imparted according to the own interest of the child.

SOCIETY
1. Development of social and moral value- animality can be changed with moral education. It teaches the moral
value and social value like cooperation, tolerance, sympathy, love affection, respect towards elder, helping the
poor.
2. Providing opportunity or equality- education teaches us to give equal opportunities in all aspects irrespective of
caste, creed, color, sex and religion.
3. Social change and control – the old traditions, customs are preserved and transmitted with the situations, which
are ever changing. Education helps to walk with the development of science and technology.

MS. JEAN ROSE G. GENTIZON

(QUARTER 2: MODULE 2)
 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS- GRADE 11

NATION
1. Inculcation of civic and social responsibility- Education helps to make rising generation to understand its
rights and duties as citizens of a democratic country.
2. Training for Leadership- the leadership quality of individual is developed when he participates in all spheres
of social, political, religious, and educational activities.
3. Total national development- Education helps for bringing by developing its all aspects i.e. social, cultural,
spiritual, moral, educational, etc.
4. National Integration- Education trains people for unity, for democracy and not for dictatorship.

TYPES OF EDUCATION
Republic Act No. 9155 known as the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 defines the three types of
education in the Philippines.
1. Formal Education- systematic and deliberate process of hierarchically structured and sequential learning
corresponding to the general concept of elementary and secondary level of schooling.
2. Non- Formal Education- any organized, systematic educational activity carried outside the framework of the
formal system to provide selected type of learning to a segment of the population e.g. ALS.
3. Informal Education – lifelong process of learning by which every person acquires and accumulates
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and insights from daily experiences at home, at play, and from life itself e.g.
Zumba/fitness class, sports, etc

Functional Theory stresses the functions that education serves in fulfilling a society’s various needs. Perhaps the
most important function of education is socialization. If children are to learn the norms, values, and skills they
need to function in society, then education is a primary vehicle for such learning. Schools teach the three Rs
(reading, ’riting, ’rithmetic), as we all know, but they also teach many of the society’s norms and values.

A second function of education is social integration. For a society to work, functionalists say, people must
subscribe to a common set of beliefs and values. As we saw, the development of such common views was a goal
of the system of free, compulsory education that developed in the nineteenth century.

A third function of education is social placement. Beginning in grade school, students are identified by teachers
and other school officials both as bright and motivated or as less, bright and even educationally challenged.
Depending on how they are identified, children are taught at the level that suit them best. In this way, they are
presumably prepared for their later station in life. Social and cultural innovation is a fourth function of
education. Our scientists cannot make important scientific discoveries and our artists and thinkers cannot come
up with great works of art, poetry, and prose unless they have first been educated in the many subjects they
need to know for their chosen path.

The Conflict Theory emphasizes that education reinforces inequality in the larger society.
The Symbolic Interactionist Theory focuses on social interaction in the classroom, on school playgrounds, and at
other school-related venues. Social interaction contributes to gender-role socialization, and teachers’
expectations may affect their students’ performance
.
LESSON 2: The importance of Education amidst Pandemic

What is the Importance of Education Amidst Pandemic?

Even as schools shut down because of the Covid-19 pandemic, experts say learning does not have to stop, it merely
has to evolve. With new technology and more established forms of mass media, educators are finding new ways to
extend their classrooms beyond the constraints of traditional walls. In an article published in the World Economic
Forum last March, it was hinted that the disruption can give educators time to rethink education.

MS. JEAN ROSE G. GENTIZON

(QUARTER 2: MODULE 2)
 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS- GRADE 11
Technology has stepped into the breach, they say, and will continue to play a key role in educating future
generations. That's why the role of the educator must change as well in a world where knowledge is a mouse-click
away. This break allows us to question what we need to teach and what we are preparing students for. The sudden
lockdown can be a testing time for the students but due to the various exams, being postponed what it offers is time

Education’s new normal will not just be about operating in an environment that secures the health of students; nor
will it be about completely transitioning to online modalities. Instead, it should be about using technology to
increase efficiency in areas with the capacity to do so, while empowering learners and communities to create
positive learning environments in which the student can grow.

LESSON 3: The Challegences of Education in the New Normal

What are the Challenges of Education in the New Normal?

We are living amidst what is potentially one of the greatest threats in our lifetime to global education, a gigantic
educational crisis. As of March 28, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing more than 1.6 billion children and youth
to be out of school in 161 countries. This is close to 80% of the world’s enrolled students. We were already
experiencing a global leaning crisis, as many students were in school, but were not learning the fundamental skills
needed for life. The World Bank’s ―Learning Poverty‖ indicator – the percentage of children who cannot read and
understand at age 10 – stood at 53% of children in low- and middle-income countries – before the outbreak started.
This pandemic has the potential to worsen these outcomes even more if we do not act fast.

What should we be worried about in this phase of the crisis that might have an immediate impact on children and
youth?
(1) Losses in learning (2) Increased dropout rates (3) Children missing their most important meal of the day (4)
Slow Internet Connection. Moreover, most countries have very unequal education systems, and poor children
will feel these negative impacts disproportionately. When it rains, it pours for them.

Losses in learning or Inequality of access to and usage of information and communications technology (ICT)
Staying Engaged
- Maintaining the engagement of children, particularly young secondary school students is critical. Dropout
rates are still very high in many countries, and a long period of disengagement can result in a further
increase. Going to school is not only about learning math and science, but also about social relationships
and peer-to-peer interactions. It is about learning to be a citizen and developing social skills. That is why it is
important to stay connected with the school by any means necessary. For all students, this is also a time to
develop socio-emotional skills and learn more about how to contribute to society as a citizen.

Meals
- In many parts of the world, school feeding programs provide children with their most nutritious meal of the
day. They are essential for the cognitive development and well-being. It is not easy, but countries should
find the way to provide those meals using the school buildings in an organized fashion, community buildings
or networks, or, if needed, distribute directly to the families. If delivering meals or food is not feasible
logistically, cash transfer programs should be expanded or implemented to compensate the parents.

Slow Internet Connection

- Slow internet connection is probably the worst enemy of online classes. Now, our educational system is still
struggling to adjust to the change brought about by the K-12, and so to bring up online classes causes yet
another major change to the educational system. It may take a while for such a new normal. There are
challenges to the e-learning model too, as noted in the E-skwela seminar of teachers who experience
discomfort in conducting their classes online.

MS. JEAN ROSE G. GENTIZON

(QUARTER 2: MODULE 2)