FOR SELF-STUDY

ONLY
 Here are some terminologies from the book Antonio De Morgan’s
“Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas”.

Moros Tributo Igorot

Cimarron Regidor Oidor
La Conquista Cabildo Leyenda Negra
Presidio Doctrina Dalagang Bukid
Rajah Sulayman Confianza
Legua Capitania
Conquistadores Pintados
Real Hacienda San Agustin Church
 MOROS
The term used by the
Spanish to refer to the
Muslim population in
the southern
Philippines, derived
from the word "Moor"
 CIMARRON
A term used to describe
indigenous people in the
Spanish colonies who had
escaped from Spanish
control, often forming their
own communities in
remote areas
LA CONQUISTA
Refers to the Spanish
conquest of the
Philippines, which began in
the 16th century with the
arrival of Spanish
explorers and
conquistadors
 PRESIDIO
A fortified military
settlement or garrison
established by the
Spanish to defend their
territories in the
Philippines against
external threats
RAJAH SULAYMAN
A pre-colonial Filipino
ruler of Manila and Tondo,
who resisted Spanish
conquest and was
involved in the Battle of
Bangkusay Channel
 LEGUA
A unit of measurement
used by the Spanish,
equivalent to about 2.6
miles or 4.2 kilometers
CONQUISTADORES
Spanish conquerors who
participated in the
exploration and
colonization of new
territories, including the
Philippines
REAL HACIENDA
The Spanish colonial
treasury, responsible for
collecting taxes and
managing public finances
in the Philippines
 TRIBUTO
A form of tribute or tax
collected from the
indigenous population by
the Spanish colonial
government in the
Philippines
 REGIDOR
A member of the
municipal council
(cabildo) in Spanish
colonial cities, responsible
for overseeing local
administration and public
services
 CABILDO
The municipal council of a
Spanish colonial city,
composed of various
officials, including the
regidores
 DOCTRINA
A parish or mission
established by Spanish
friars for the purpose of
evangelizing and
instructing the indigenous
population in Christianity
 CONFIANZA
A system of trust-based
relationships between
Spanish colonial officials
and indigenous leaders in
the Philippines
 CAPITANIA
A Spanish colonial military
unit or command,
responsible for maintaining
order and defending the
colony against internal and
external threats
 PINTADOS
A term used by the Spanish
to refer to the indigenous
people of the Visayas region
in the central Philippines,
known for their elaborate
tattoos
SAN AGUSTIN
CHURCH
The oldest stone church in
the Philippines, built in
Manila during the Spanish
colonial period
 IGOROT
An ethnolinguistic group in
the Cordillera region of
Northern Luzon, known for
their resistance to Spanish
colonization and their
terraced rice fields
 OIDOR
A judge or member of a
Spanish colonial high court,
such as the Audiencia of
Manila
LEYENDA NEGRA
The "Black Legend," a
negative portrayal of the
Spanish colonial rule in the
Philippines and other parts
of the world
DALAGANG BUKID
a type of traditional Filipino
dance, which originated
during the Spanish colonial
period and depicted the life
of women, working in the
fields.
 Designer Portfolio www.reallygreatsite.com

ICE BREAKER
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
HOW MANY ISLANDS DOES THE
PHILIPPINES HAVE?
 HOW MANY ISLANDS DOES THE
PHILIPPINES HAVE?

Philippines is composed of 7, 641 islands with a total land

area of 300,000 square kms.
WHAT ARE THE (3) THREE GROUPS OF
ISLANDS IN THE PHILIPPINES?
WHAT ARE THE (3) THREE GROUPS OF
ISLANDS IN THE PHILIPPINES?

LUZON (141, 395 sq.km)

MINDANAO (101,999 sq.km)
VISAYAS (56,606 sq.km)
HOW MANY REGIONS ARE THERE IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
 HOW MANY REGIONS ARE THERE IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
Region 1: Ilocos Norte
Region 2: Cagayan Valley
Region 3: Central Luzon
Region 4: CALABARZON
MIMAROPA - Southwestern Tagalog
Region
Region 5: Bicol Region
Region 6: Western Visayas
Region 7: Central Visayas Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
Region 8: Eastern Visayas
Region 9: Zamboanga Peninsula
Region 10: Nothern Mindanao
Region 11: Davao Region
Region 12: SOCCSKSARGEN
Region 13: Caraga
Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM)
National Capital Region (NCR)
Region 18: Negros Island Region
 Theories on the Formation of
1 Philippines

2 Peopling of Islands

3 Pre-Colonial Philippines

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

Designer Portfolio
Designer Portfolio www.reallygreatsite.com

I. Theories on the Formation of

Philippines
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
 Land Bridge Theory
Theorizes that the Philippines was once part
of mainland Asia. It was a land mass
bridging the Asian continent to Indonesia,
New Guinea, up to the Australian Continent.

During the last ice age, when sea levels were

lower, land bridges allowed for the migration
of humans and animals from the Asian
mainland to the Philippine archipelago.
 Volcanic Origin
Proposed by Dr. Bailey Willis

Philippines came into existence after

eruptions of volcanoes beneath the Pacific
Ocean. As the country is situated within
the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area prone to
earthquakes and volcabic eruptions.
 Legend of Mu or Lemuria

Proposed by James Churchward

Both the Philippines and Indonesia were then

part of a Pacific Continent called Mu or
Lemuria, which sunken during the prehistoric
period. Influenced by the legend of the lost
continent of Atlantis.
 Legend of Manaul
In Bisaya folklore the king who guided
destinies was Manaul, Manaul is a cunning
and resourceful bird who manipulates the
gods “Kaptan and Magauayan” into a
battle that eventually leads to the creation
of land.
 Continental Drift Theory
Proposed by German meteorologist Alfred
Wegener in 1912

This theory suggests that the Philippines, along

with other continents and landmasses, were
once part of a single supercontinent called
“Pangea” which eventually broke apart and
drifted to their current positions due to
movement of tectonic plates.
II. Peopling of Islands
1. CREATION THEORY
Biblical Account: Genesis 1:1-4
“There is a Divine Creator”
GOD
 2. Migration Theory vs. 3. Evolution Theory
proposed by Henry Otley Beyer.
A hypothesis that the Philippines was
populated by different waves of migration
from Southeast Asia.
First - Dawn men (through land bridge)
Second - Aetas or Negritoes
(through land bridge)
Third - Indonesians (through boats)
Fourth - Malays (through boats)
According to Felipe Landa Jocano, this
suggests that the Evolution Theory
(Core Population Theory) is an accurate
theory of how to explain how humans
came to inhabit the Philippines.
Evidence of this was discovered in the
Tabon Caves in Palawan in 1962, then
archeologists Robert Fox and Manuel
Santiago found the skullcap of the
Tabon Man.
MIGRATION THEORY
MIGRATION THEORY
MIGRATION THEORY
MIGRATION THEORY
EVOLUTION THEORY
EVOLUTION THEORY
4. Sikajak and Sibkahay
Manaul stops the fight of Sky and the Sea and
discovers Sikalak and Sikabay inside a
bamboo plant, who become the first man and
woman in this narrative.
III. PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINES
A. GOVERNMENT
BARANGAY is the pre-colonial political unit which is composed of 30 to 100
families.
The system was CHIEFDOM.
Datu or Raja chieftain ruler of the Barangay or in the Muslim Community.
Barangay system was DECENTRALIZED.
The datu exercise executive, legislative and judicial power.

TRIAL BY ORDEAL
Precolonial Judicial process
B. ECONOMICS
Hunting, Gathering and Barter System - gold, salt, rice (medium, textiles
Industry - ironworking, boatbuilding, pottery, weaving, gold working
Agriculture - subsistence farming, horticulture
Trade and Commerce - foreign and domestic.
C. SOCIAL CLASS
The social ranks were as follows:
the DATU CLASS or the ruling class
the MAHARLIKA or the aristocracy
the TIMAGUA of the common class
ALIPIN (also known as uripon among the Visayans) or the dependent class. They
had HUTANG.
Aliping NAMAMAHAY (householder) -
alipin with land rights. He owned a
house. He came at his master’s call to
work on the fields and do other
services.
Aliping SAGIGILID (gilid is the part of
the house where the stove is) - were
members of the master’s household who
ate from their master’s pot.
 BOXER CODEX D. EDUCATION
an anonymous late 16th century Writing System - BAYBAYIN
manuscript mentioned that only
men were qualified for the title of
“DATU”.
The datus power depends upon the
faithfulness of his followers.
 D. EDUCATION
Training consisted of:
Informal education through
apprenticeship
Domestic chores and
practical/occupational honing
or skills in hunting, farming,
etc.
Theoretical/moral and
spiritual awakening
e.g, worship, laws, codes.