1 Text Book Answers

Answers
Chapter 1 The 15 0.6 d 120

e 144
language of number 16 n = 12 is one example.
f 950
17 4 and 20 g 630
Exercise 1.1 (page 9) 18 5 h 198
1 a 16 19 8, 9 and 10 3 882
b 49 4 84
20 2, 3, 5, 7, 89 and 641
c 81
21 13 and 14 5 a 2×2×2×3×5×
d 196
5 × 13 or 23 × 3 × 52
2 a ±3 × 13
b ±8
Exercise 1.2 (page 12) b 2 × 3 × 13 = 78
c ±10 1 a 52 × 17 6 a 2×2×2×2×2×
d ±15 b 22 × 32 × 5 3 × 3 or 25 × 32
3 a 1 c 33 × 7 b 2×3=6
b 8 d 23 × 5 7 280 seconds or 4 minutes
c 1000 e 2 × 32 × 11 40 seconds
f 32 × 13
4 a 3 g 2×3×5×7 8 24 students
b 4 h 25 × 32
c 5 i 35 Summary exercise 1
5 a 35 j 32 × 7 × 11 (page 16)
b 74 k 25 × 53
l 22 × 33 × 5 × 13 1 2, 3 and 5
c 23 × 54
2 a = 2, b = 4, c = 3 2 3, 6, 12 and 24
6 a 625
b 24 3 100
c 68 Exercise 1.3 (page 15)
4 36
7 64 1 a 6 5 22 × 34 × 11
b 12
8 ±11 6 126
c 14
9 9 d 18 7 144
e 16
10 ±1 8 98
f 22
11 150 g 7 9 a = 0 or a < 0
h 1050
12 64 10 2 + 3 = 5
2 a 45
13 900 11 3.20p.m.
b 40
14 35 c 120 12 10
© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 1

Examination questions e 853 Summary exercise 2
(page 17) f 2876 (page 25)
3 a 3487
1 a 125 b 4572 1 a 972
b 25 c 4571 b 2097
d 3488 c 23 628
2 23 × 52 = 8 × 25 = 200
d 9436
3 a 64 4 140 passengers
2 951 students
b 8 5 31 652 people
3 a 76 000
4 a 6 ÷ 2 = 3 is one
b 89
example. Exercise 2.2 (page 24) c 340 000
b ±5
1 a 63 d 25 200
5 2 and 3; 23 × 33 e 900
b 24 000
6 a 2 is even c 360
f 175 000
b 0 d 400 4 a 1568
7 180 seconds or 3 minutes e 80 000 b 489
f 540 000 c 15 577
8 x = –3, y = –2 is one d 108 342
example. 2 a 12 000
e 365
–3 < –2 but (–3)2 > (–2)2 b 18
f 36
since 9 > 4. c 80
d 304 000 5 a 2300
9 a 1.5 e 600 b 560
b 13.69 f 7440 c 1150
10 64 3 a 3015 6 5400 sit-ups
11 a 23
×5 b 13 122 7 15 lengths, with 5 cm left
b 280 c 27 384
c 4 d 140 213
Examination questions
e 150 332
12 No; 63 – 53 = 216 – 125 (page 26)
= 91 (not prime – it is f 267 344
divisible by 13) 4 a 54 1 a 7108
b 96 b i 57 and 43
Chapter 2 Whole c 54 ii 39 and 89
numbers d 243 2 17; 55p
e 451
f 354
Chapter 3 Decimals
Exercise 2.1 (page 19)
5 a 680
1 a 1090 b 230 Exercise 3.1 (page 30)
b 9100
c 1154 6 a 22 236 1 a 88.947
d 123 982 b 22 236 000 b 718.889
e 99 375 7 74 cartons c 85.774
f 4115 d 40.83
8 4380 miles e 59.22
2 a 2999
b 2073 9 21 stamps, with 17p f 810.493
change
c 2228 2 a 28.08
d 9024 10 £12 370 b 0.136
2 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

c 22.68 2 a less e 6
d 9.158 b greater f 15
e 0.0678 c greater g −8
f 205.8232 h −16
3 a 37 380
g 5.423 i −4
b 37.38
h 0.0057 j −12
c 37 380
i 0.248 k −10
j 20.832 4 13 pieces l 14
k 14.964 5 £1.38 m −4
l 3.5 n −15
6 11.25 km o −18
3 a 12.6
p 0
b 24.6 7 0.49 m2
c 18.3 8 17 miles 2 a 3
d 8.9 b −4
e 0.2335 c 6
Examination questions d 2
f 200
g 36.8 (page 32) e 15
h 56.8 f −9
1 a 0.12
i 2.6 g 22
b 2.47
j 12.5 h 0
c 1.81
k 16 i −9
d 0.49
l 65.4 3 a 170 m
2 0.14
4 a > b 15 m
b < 3 a 1.81
4 £2050
c > b 0.08
d > c 16.1
e < 4 42.6
f > 1 a −15
5 a 0.117 b −16
5 2.725 m b 1099.8 c 35
6 24.975 kg 6 £1.30 d 9
7 10.03 seconds e −5
7 10 days
f 6
8 £14.20 8 a 4270 kroner g 18
9 £2.04 b £55.33 h 4
9 £1.90 i 16
10 0.055 cm j 4
1
Summary exercise 3 Chapter 4 Negative k −2
l 2
(page 31) numbers m −36
1 a 19.727 n 6
Exercise 4.1 (page 34) o −48
b 16.87
c 11.972 1 a −5
p −24
d 0.74 b 1 2 a −100
e 6.916 c 0 b −2
f 0.7854 d −19 c 4

d 80 Chapter 5 Fractions e 74
1
e −144
1
f 8
Exercise 5.1 (page 40) f 33
g ±9
5
h −4 1 a
4 16 g 77
5 = 20
i −3 1
8 24 h 83
b 11 = 33
Summary exercise 4 1 17 5
c 3 = 51 5 a
(page 37) 3
5 20 23
d 8
= 32 b
1 a −8 4
b −10 10 5 41
e 16
=8 c
c 10 7
24 2 17
d 0 f 36 = 3 d 2
e 8
4 57
f −5 2 a e 7
5
g 30 22
5 f
h 2 b 8 5
i 24 6 17
j 21 c g 6
7
k −23 1
h
31
l 5
d 3 3
4
2 a 30 e
b −5
5 Exercise 5.2 (page 42)
3
c −6 f 5 7
1 a 512
d −13
g
3
4 11
e 16 b 312
f −1 2
h 5 4
g −24 c 415
6
h 23 i 7 17
i 3.6 d 124
3
j −7 j 7 3
e 45
k −11.2 7
l −47.3
k 8 1
4
f 46
3 a 36 l 5 5
b −1000 g 712
c 56 3 9 1 4
3 a , , , h 720
13
10 20 2 5
d −4
b 2, 8 , 11 , 7
e 8 5 15 20 12 1
f −600 2 6
4
g −10 4 a 45 1
h 0 1
3 64 hours
i −64 b 56
j −12.6 1
c
1
22
4 10
litre
k −10.2
1 2 7
l 2 d 27 5 1 10 miles

6
5 example. 7 11
21 b Yes; any two numbers
8 £1.60
19 whose product is 24.
7 20 tonnes
9 113
Exercise 5.3 (page 45) Summary exercise 5 18
1
(page 48) 10 £2000
1 a 6 5
1
1 a 6 2 1 9 1 7
b 42 11 4 ÷ 65, 16 + ,1
16 2
− 8,
4
7
b 7 5 3
c 68 6 +4
7
c 10
d 9
e 3 12 5 2 1
1 13
1 2 a 83 6 2
f 54 2 1
1 1 13
b 57 3
4
2 a 9 2 1
12
1 1
16
c 13 3
2
b 3 17 13 180 litres
5 3 a 3
c 28
17 1
1 b 14 8
d 13 7
37
c 3 15 1.536 m
e 10
2 2 1 7 3 5
f 17 4 5, 2, 12, 4, 6 Examination questions
(page 49)
2
Exercise 5.4 (page 47) 5 a 43 3 36 7 42 13 39
1 5
= 60 , 10 = 60, 20 = 60
1 a 4.95 kg 5
b 9 17 34
b 5.6 m and 30 = 60.
1
c £10.50 c 30 7
So 10 is the largest.
2
3
2 34 miles d 13
3 18 11 1 12 7 14
5 2 10 = 60, 60, 5 = 60, 30 = 60
3 e 5 12
3 1 15
10 1 and 4 = 60 .
f 4 24
1 7
4 11 10 m2 6 So 30 is the closest.
g 47
5
1
1 3 4 jars
6 h 62
2
6 £1.60 i 314
9 4 3
7 £9500 5 1
j 6 5 15
8 12.5 cm by 7.5 cm
2
9 £87.50 k 3 6
3
10
10 3 l 1 7 a 8
10
6
11 a x = 3, y = 8 is one 6 £27 600 b 35

8 115
11 k 0.05 h 800
l 0.050 i 350
9 9 cans j 300
7 Exercise 6.2 (page 53) 2 a 2.6
10 20
1 a 1621.32 (option B) b 45.80
11 9 days b 315.4 (option A) c 18.5
c 456 (option B) d 6350
Chapter 6 d 4.1064 (option C) e 0.07
e 3.22 (option C) f 0.31
Approximation and f 1317.5 (option C) g 0.06
estimation g 27.6 (option B) h 53.00
h 35.2 (option A) i 0.031
Exercise 6.1 (page52) j 4000
Note that for questions 2, 3 and
4 there are alternatives to some Note that for questions 3 to 6
1 a 5.68
of the estimates given here. there are alternatives to some
b 0.1 of the estimates given here.
c 56.35 2 a 35
d 0.008 b 7 3 a 35
e 4.51 c 320 b 19
f 2.90 d 40 c 75
g 4.0 e 600 d 900
h 14.988 f 80 e 4
i 0.04 g 0.5 f 75
j 14.5 h 1000 g 40
k 23.66 h 0.5
3 a 200 i 180
l 30.0 b 40 j 0.2
2 a 4 c 5
b 4 d 70 4 £180
c 2 e 30 5 500 km
d 3 (or 2 or 1) f 30
e 4 g 4000 6 60 sheets
f 5 h 81
g 4 (or 3 or 2) 4 a 600 km
h 4 b 16p per mile (page 55)
i 2 c 20 minutes
j 4 (or 3 or 2 or 1) Note that for questions 1 to 6
d 6 cm there are alternatives to some
k 2 e £14 400
l 3 of the estimates given here.
3 a 2.35 Summary exercise 6 1 a 2000

b 0.007 b 30
(page 54)
c 7000 2 a 800
d 0.009 1 a 2400 b 20
e 2.07 b 460
f 20.0 c 2640 3 8000
g 10.0 d 6000 4 1600
h 0.007 e 35 000
5 100
i 4.1 f 3250
j 700 g 3300 6 60

Chapter 7 The order 1 4 × 5 + 10 8 1.606
of operations 2 18 − 14 ÷ 7 9 14.96
3 20 − 4 × 4 10 15.26
Exercise 7.1 (page 58) 4 5 × 3 + 12 11 1.020
1 12 5 12 + 8 × 9 12 2.720
2 11 6 41 − 10 × 2
13 0.4396
3 25 7 21 + 40 ÷ 5
14 19.92
4 10 8 24 − (4 + 8 × 2)
15 −2.688
5 30 9 12 + 4 − 1 × 6
16 1.627
10 20 + 6 × 8 − 10
6 10 17 3.164
11 20 ÷ (2 + 1 × 3)
7 0 18 9.251
12 20 − 30 ÷ 10 + 7
8 51 19 144.0
9 10 Exercise 7.3 (page 60) 20 10.87
10 0 1 4.9 21 5.235
11 20 2 0.774 22 1.794
12 44 23 7.804
3 15.625
13 15
4 ±6.2 24 7.492
14 16
5 11 25 2676
15 2.65
6 −9 26 2.053
16 4.2
7 8.55
17 6 Summary exercise 7
8 205 (page 62)
18 45.6
9 6.73
19 1 1 a 7
10 3 b 36
1
20 12 11 1.25 c 26
d 1
21 8 11
12 5 12 e 0
22 3 f 7
Exercise 7.4 (page 62) g 24
11
23 9 12 h 404
1
11
1 3000
24 1 40 2 Note that there are
2 17.47 alternative correct
5
25 −12 3 24.89 solutions to some of these.
a 6+2×3+2
4 3.800 b 18 + 6 ÷ 3
5 11.67 c 4+3×2−1
Note that there are d 12 ÷ 4 × 3 + 1
alternative correct solutions 6 4.132
e 18 − 6 × 3
to some of these. 7 10.45 f 40 − 3 × 7 − 2

3 Jack, Kate and Janet 2 a 1:4 d 18 : 7
4 a 21.16 3 e 2:3
b 1:7 f 17 : 50
b 6.5
c 2.2 c 1 : 22
1 g 2:5
h 6:1
5 3
d 2 12 d 1 : 10 i 1 : 5000
j 9 : 500
e 9.7 3 8:7 k 1 : 40
f 1024
4 3:2 l 16 : 1
g 6
h 0.031 25 5 4:1 2 a 1 : 12
1
5 a 7.15
b 0.11 Exercise 8.2 (page 66) b 1 : 14
c 4.19 3
d 0.34 1 £250, £550 c 1 : 10
e 2.81 2 48°, 60°, 72° 3
f 46.02 d 1:5
3 5 :3
g 0.35
3 4:5
h 2.21 4 £48, £60
5 1m 4 a £105, £175
Examination questions 6 144 cards
b 46 minutes,
(page 63) 69 minutes, 69 minutes
7 0.8 kg
5 5 :2
1 a 15
b 22.82 Exercise 8.3 (page 69) 6 £360
2 28.01 1 a 2 km 7 8 cm
3 a 15.5 b 16 cm 8 45 hectares barley,
b 6.25 2 3.84 m by 4.8 m 135 hectares oats
4 0.246 3 81.6 cm 9 8.75 litres
4 1 :15 000 10 11 : 4
Chapter 8 Ratio 5 27 cm 11 40 mm
Exercise 8.1 (page 65) 6 1.875 kg
12 about 18.75 miles
7 280 animals
1 a 8 : 13 13 6 : 5
b 4:5 8 200 g sugar, 40 g cocoa
c 5:9 9 a about 15 kg Examination questions
d 2:3 b about 14 pints
e 10 : 3 (page 71)
f 2:5 10 a 5 : 4
b 5:4 1 1000 ml milk, 5 eggs,
g 9:7
c 25 : 16 1
h 2:3 4372 g flour
i 1:5
j 1:5 Summary exercise 8 2 about 67.2 km
k 5:3 (page 70) 3 £295, £177
l 4 : 15
m 3:2 1 a 7:8 4 45 g protein, 90 g
n 130 : 9 b 1 : 16 carbohydrate, 20 g fibre,
o 44 : 15 c 4:5 1.125 g sodium
5 21 km on cycle paths, 1
d 0.1%, 100 , 0.1 7 £11.28
15.75 km on A roads,
8 £6080
5.25 km on B roads 6 77.7·%
9 3.22 kg
6 a £450 1
b 81 minutes 7 333 % 10 £118.94
7 £220, £198, £132 8 0.036
3
Chapter 9 9 500 1 80%
Percentages and 10
1
15 2 7.14%
finance 11 a 85% 3 75%
b 6% 4 27.1%
Exercise 9.1 (page 75) c 12%
11 d 85% 5 2.2%
1 a 50 = 0.22 6 35.4%
b
25 = 0.08 7 a 15%
9 1 a £54 b 32.25%
c 120 = 1.45
b 144 g 8 18%
1 c 544
d 40 = 0.025 1
d 52.5 g 9 53 %
1
e 2000 = 0.0005 e 2 litres
f £14.40 10 0.53· %
3
2 a 100 = 3%
g 102 minutes 1
(or 1 hour 42 minutes) 11 333 %
4
b 5 = 80% h 1.5 m
12 5.26%
c 3
= 0.6% 2 a 42.4 m
500 b 325.5 kg
1 c 210 kg
d 14 = 125%
d 1416 m 1 £300
5 1
e 8 = 622 % 3 £42.75 2 1480 students
3 a 26% = 0.26 4 £13.25 3 £36
5 a 0.765 kg 4 £340
b 413 % = 0.416·
2
b £1.02 5 £36 000
c 60% = 0.6 c 28 litres
d 276 hectares 6 £235.52
1 7
d 32 % = 0.035 e 4.5p (or 5p) 280 ml
f 44 8 12 cm, 8 cm
e 22.2·% = 0.2· g 0.2 km
h 6.82 kg 9 50 questions
17 i £23.40
4 25
10 £84
j 19.2 miles
2
5 a 5, 42%, 0.45 6 a £3.38 Exercise 9.5 (page 88)
b 0.3, 31%, 3
1 b 41.36 m
1 £63
c £4387.50
7
c 11
, 0.64, 70% d 78.28 m 2 £4913

3 £29 866.88 11 550 people Chapter 10
4 7% 12 £590 Reciprocals
5 £2471.04 13 £450
6 22.05% 14 £218.83 2
7 15 years 1 a 23
15 7.52%
1
8 £710 16 4.68% b 14
3
9 The bank is cheaper by 17 16.64% c 5
£47.24. 2
18 8 : 9 d 7
10 13.5%
1
19 £100.80 more in simple e 83
11 £51.78
interest account 1
f −5
Summary exercise 9 20 15 years y
(page 89) g x
21 14.26%
1
1 a
9
22 7.5% h k
50 = 0.18
1
b
3
= 0.375 23 $858 i 100
8
1
1 24 19.85% j −23
c 12 = 1.5
5
17 Examination questions k −9
2 a 25 = 68% 3r
29 1
(page 90) l 2p
b 200 = 142 % 15
1 53%, 0.56, 25 1
c
4
15 = 180% 2 a 42
2 a 160 4
b 27
3 a 24% = 0.24 b 69%
1 2
b 52 % = 0.055 c −5
3 55%
q
c 55.5· % = 0.5· 4 £512.50 d p
4 60% 5 19.4 m e 2
21
1 6 Yumi by £1.83 5
5 372 % f 59
7 a £161.42 4
6 a £19.84 g −15
b £169.49
b 6.21 kg h −9
5
c $40 8 14p
3 a False – the reciprocal
7 £499.10 9 £731 of 1 is 1.
1 10 25% b False – zero has no
8 322 % reciprocal.
11 £254 c True – the reciprocal
9 15% 1
12 £4570.90 of a is and the
10 a £52.73 a
1
b 12.12% 13 £6069 reciprocal of a is a.

d False – for example, 2 a 3.45 × 104 e 9.406 × 10−2
1 1 b 4.5 × 107 f 4.14 × 107
3 > 2 but 3 < 2.
c 8.1 × 103 g 9.675 84 × 102
d 6.75 × 1010 h 4.12 × 107
Summary exercise 10 e 5.4 × 10−6 i 9.454 × 105
(page 94) f 7 × 10−5 j 2.75 × 106
3 g 6 × 104
1 a 15 2 a 6.804 × 105
h 3 × 10−3
b 1.3 × 102
6 i 1.24 × 10−1
b c 2 × 103
11 j 8.675 42 × 107
2 d 1.4 × 10−3
c k 3.4 × 10−9
a e 5.145 × 10−5
l 9 × 10−1
2 f 5 × 1013
d 13 3 a 15 670 g 6.0976 × 10−4
e
1
−3
b 0.000 0456 h 8 × 10−14
c 2000 i 2.04 × 10−6
1 d 234 000 000 j 2.5 × 105
f p2 e 156.78
4 3 2.52 × 1012
g 5
f 0.041
6
g 25 000 000 4 2.592 × 1010 km
h 27 h 0.001 57
5 7.2 × 108 km
1 i 0.0008
i t3 j 31 6 13 minutes
1 k 0.7 7 a 7.54 × 103 mm
j − 100
l 6 200 000 000 b 6.12 × 105 mm2
k 50 4 a 3 × 108 m/s 8 2.7648 m
l c b 36 000 000 kg
1 c 2.3 × 108 9 8.92 × 107 people
2 a a= 8 d 5 zeros 10 7.3 × 1022 kg
2 e 5.2 × 108 km2
b b= 17
f 2 × 10−10 mm 11 71%
c c=1 g 9 460 000 000 000 000 m 12 1.42 × 10−1 kg
d d=2 h 11 zeros
3 0.0036 i 2.65 × 108 Exercise 11.3 (page 102)
j 0.000 000 001 m
Examination questions 5 a 1.12 × 102, 1.2 × 102, 1 See answers to questions 1
2.3 × 104,
2.2 × 105 and 2 from Exercise 11.2.
(page 94) b 1.3 × 10−2, 2.13 × 2 a 9.072 × 1013
1 50 10−2, 3.2 × 101, b 1.024 × 10−7
2.3 × 103 c 1.2 × 10−2
3
2 5 c 1.25 × 10−4, 5.5 × d 3.416 × 108
10−4, 2.45 × 10−3,
e 7.44 × 103
6.5 × 10−2
Chapter 11 Standard f 2.8 × 100
g 5.276 × 10−5
form Exercise 11.2 (page 100) h 6.348 × 10−5
Exercise 11.1 (page 96) 1 a 2.94 × 103 3 5 × 10−3
b 4.62 × 102
4 1.098 × 1021 m3
1 The numbers in a, c, f and c 3.607 × 105
h are in standard form. d 8.14 × 10−3 5 1.336 × 10−23 kg

6 a 1.245 13 × 1027 kg d 6.384 × 103 i rational – a recurring
b 117 times e 5.29 × 1020 decimal
c 1.819 × 1027 kg f 1.756 16 × 1014 j rational – a
d Venus g 8.16 × 1010 terminating decimal
1 h 8 × 104 2 a irrational – the square
7 about 52 hours i 5.64 × 10−6 root of a non-square
j 1.35 × 1017 number
8 5.83 × 1012 miles
13 9.109 × 10−31 g b rational – a recurring
41
Summary exercise 11 decimal = 90
14 13 000 km/h
(page 103) c rational – a
Examination questions terminating decimal
1 a 3.45 × 105 6 11
(page 104) = 5 or 5
b 8.9 × 10−6
c 5.67 × 108 d rational – an integer
1 a 3.245 × 106 4
d 9 × 10−4 =1
b 0.000 432
e 5 × 104 e rational – an integer
f 1.23 × 1012 2 a i 1.467 × 1011 5
ii 8.67 × 10–7 =1
2 a 230 000 f rational – a
b 0.0001 b i £2.067 × 109
terminating decimal
c 860 ii £43.40 7
d 0.000 000 04 = 25
3 a 1.08 × 10–19 g
e 5623.4 b about 16 times g rational – a mixed
f 0.000 000 986 11
number = 4
4 2167 seconds
3 6 zeros h rational – a
4 6.023 × 1023 Chapter 12 Rational terminating decimal
5 1
= −2 or −22
5 2.52 × 108 and irrational
i rational – a
6 2 300 000 numbers terminating decimal
913 113
7 a 1.3 × 102 = 200 or 4 200
b 5.91 × 107
j rational – an integer
c 8 × 102 1 a rational – a 2
d 6.241 × 1013 =1
terminating decimal
e 6.77 × 10−3 b rational – the square
f 2.8561 × 1020 3 a 3 is one example.
root of a square
g 7.4 × 105 number b 4 is one example.
h 3.83 × 10−5 c irrational – involves π
i 1.856 × 105 d rational – a fraction in 3π 12
4 2π or are two
j 9.88 × 10−1 a 3
the form b
8 4.2 × 10−18 g examples.
e rational – a recurring
9 7 × 10−2 mm decimal 5 0.2 and 0.3· is one example.
3 1
10 3.059 × 106 km2 f rational = 5 – a 0.2 = 5 is terminating and
a
0.3· = is recurring but
11 2.2 × 103 kg/m3 fraction in the form b 1
3
12 a 2.465 × 105 g rational – the cube
0.2 + 0.3· = 5 + 3 = 15
1 1 8
b 2.9 × 102 root of a cube number
c 1.59 × 10−3 h irrational – involves π which is rational.

1
6 rational c or 2 3 a irrational
2
1
b rational
7 a rational – 64 = 25 11 a
3
4 11 4 3 (or 9) is one example.
5 523 28
= 2 – a fraction b or 1 495 5 a 1.23 is one example.
495
4 b 1.5 is one example.
b irrational – involves c
the square root of a 11 6 a rational – 36 cm2 – an
non-square number 169 integer
d 330
b irrational – 72 cm –
c rational – 1 ( )
12
2
= 9
4
– Summary exercise 12 the square root of a
non-square number
a fraction (page 109) c rational – 24 cm – an
d irrational – involves
integer
the square root of a 1 a rational – a recurring
non-square number d rational – 6 cm –an
8
2 decimal = 9 integer
e rational – π × π = 2 – e irrational – 36π cm2 –
an integer
b rational – an integer
=8 involves π
f rational – ( 3)2 = 3 – 1 9 f irrational – 12π cm –
c rational – 24 = 4 involves π
an integer
3
g rational – 0.23 = 0.008 = 2 – a fraction 7 a 0.83·
– a terminating decimal
d irrational – the square b i 5 (half of 0.83·)
12
2.5 root of a non-square
h rational – = 12.5 – ·
0.2
a terminating decimal
number
e rational – the cube
ii
209
600 (0.34 + 0.83
100 )
root of a cube number 8 11.56 is one example.

i irrational – 41 = 17 2 9 For example, (2 + 3) +
4 4 = 1
– involves the square (3 − 3) = 2 + 3 = 5
root of a non-square
f rational – a recurring which is rational.
37
number decimal = 45
10 a Possible answers are
8 a irrational – involves π g rational – a 1
9.1, 92, 9.88.
b rational – an integer terminating decimal
c irrational – the square = 25
128 b Possible answers are
root of a non-square 85, 90, 95.
number
h rational – a mixed
14
d rational – a fraction number = 3 Examination questions
5 i irrational – involves π (page 110)
9 Yes; for example π and π .
j rational – a fraction
Both these are irrational 1 1 a x = ±3, rational –
5 = 10 integers
but π × π = 5, which is
2 a One example is 0.26 b x=±
15
rational. Another pair of 13 2 , irrational –
numbers is 2 and 50. = 50 . involves the square
Both these are irrational b Not possible as any root of non-square
but 2 × 50 = 100 = terminating decimal numbers
10 which is rational. will be rational. c x = ±2.5, rational –
10 a 5 or
1 c One example is 0.5· terminating decimal
5 5
= 9.
b π

2 a equation iii l 18 3 Summary exercise 13
2x2 = 18 so x2 = 9 and (page 114)
x = ±3 which are both 2 a 5
rational. b 4 3
1 a 6 2
347 c 5 2
b 1110 b 10 3
d 4 3
3 a 0.7· e 15
c 12 3
b 7 d 3 2
198 f 11 2
e 5 5
4 π × π = π2 is one 3 a 9+4 5 f 4 6
example. The square of π b 7−2 6
is still irrational.
g 3 5
c 7−1 h 13 2
Chapter 13 Surds d 6 i 6 10
e 49 + 12 5 j 25 3
Exercise 13.1 (page 111) 4 a = 54, b = −14 k 20 2
1 15 2 5 a irrational l 10 2
b irrational m 10 6
2 7 3
c rational n 25 10
3 18 o 55 2
6 One possible value for x is
4 5 2 8.
2 a 2 5
5 2 13 Exercise 13.3 (page 114) b 18
6 12 2 c 12 10
1 a 2 3
7 12 10 d 5 2
b 2
e 5
8 40 2 c 13
f 1
9 100 10 d 4 2
g 8 3
10 54 2 e 3 2
h 8 2
11 9 5 2 3+3 i 18 10
f ––––––
3 j 6 2
12 6 11 g 1+2 5
k 12 2
Exercise 13.2 (page 112) 21+6
h ––––––
l 2 21
3 m 72 3
1 a 6
17 2 n 16 2
b 9 2 a
c 2 10 o 12
d 9 25 2 3 5
b 3 a
e 2 15 2 5
f 5 5 2 2 7
c b
g 5 2 7
h 2 3 a false c 2 2
b true d 10 2
i 10 10
c true
j 1 d false 2+ 6
k 90 15 e true e ––––––––
2
f false
f 5 2 2 a 3 5 4 18a
2 5−5 2
b 6 5 a −3y
g –––––––––– 3 4 2 b −2x2 + 7x − 2y
5
c −6 − x − 4y
6 4 28 – 10 3 d 5x
h
3 5 a ( 12 + 3)2
4 a 4 2 =( 4×3+ 3)2 Exercise 14.2 (page 120)
b 2 7 = (2 3 + 3)2 1 a 62
1
c 7 10 = (3 3)2 b −2
d 5 5 = 9 × 3 = 27 x
1 c +4
e 0 b 15 2
75
f 9 2 2 a 16
6 –9 + 7 5 b 20
5 a 14 + 6 5 c 12
b 5−2 6 Chapter 14 Algebra d −8
c 4 3 − 20 review e
f
1
−1
d 7 − 2 10
g 50
e 4+4 2+ 3+ 6 Exercise 14.1 (page 118) h 100
1 a −2a i 10
11 3 1
6 a b 3x + 10y j −2
3
8 5 c −4k − 3 k −4
b d 0 l 5
5
e 9ab
7 3 3 a −2
c f 7p + 10q
3 g 11t − 19r b −9
h 8e − 8e2 c −32
7 40 = 8 × 5 i −12a + 4k d 1
4
40 j 16p2 − 9p e 10
2= k 2a + 3b − 16
10 f 14
l −8pq + 15 g 2
3 4=6 m 11abc + 2bc h −24
8 1 n −k − 5t − 3tk i −4
= o 6a2b + 2a2 − 9b2
4 2 j −80
p −5t2 − 1 1
q 8a2 + b2 − 9 k −12
8 32 = 16 × 2 = 4 2
r −8w3 + 2w2 l −6
6 6 2 s 10 + 3pq + p2 − q2
= =3 2 4 a −30
2 2 t 10 − h3
6 b −36
So, 32 + =4 2+
u n6
c −10
2 v k7
d −6
3 2=7 2 w a2 × b4
e 36
x 28m3
f 44
Examination questions 2 expressions b and c g −729
1
(page 115) 3 a 2a + 2b h 12
2 b ab i 4
1
1 j −32
2

1
k −6 Examination questions g a5
l ±6 (page 122) h x3
3 i x2
5 64 1 3d + 7e j x
4 2 −3 1
6 −115
k
3 a 40 x5
Summary exercise 14 b −3 1
(page 121) l 3
4 2p + 3q p8
1 (6w + 6) cm 5 26 m 1
4
2 £(4.25A) n t
Chapter 15 Indices o k
k
3 5
Exercise 15.1 (page 126) 6 a 1
1
4 t−8 b 27m3
1 a 24
5 a −a − 2b + 6c b 32 × 43 c 4w3
b pq + 8qr c t6
1
c 3x2 + 5
d
2 a x8 64c4
d −2a2 + a − 2 b p8 e 5y
c a8
6 2a + 2b + 48 1
d t20 f
8h3
7 a 250 e n
b 100 g 3
3 a 8g5 p
1
c 22 b 54k9 h 5
c 3k4 y3
d −5 d 6r 4 i 4k2
e 1 j 4x
4y4
f
1 e k 4n
8 3
l p4q4
g 200 f 25g4 2
h 400 g 8n6 m t4
h 4a6 u
i 0
i 108a5 n 3
8 a −6 j a7y5 xy3
b −18 k p2q5 o 3b2c
c 0 l 27m6n9
1 7 a 1
d 24 4 a 26 b 4a + b + c
b 52 c 2c + d − e
e 19
f 108 1 1
5 a d 4ey
5 y2
g 6 b w7 8 a 37x
h 135 1 b 2b − 2c − a
c
i 144 x2
9 a 36
9 a −9 d 1
e y12 b 214
b 0
c 3(k + 2) f 1 c 81

1 1
Exercise 15.2 (page 127) b 32 25 −12
1 64 c −3
1 26 2
2 3
1 27 6
33 2−6, 6−2, 6 2 , 62, 26 1
3 1 1 28 13
34 160.25, 4 2 and 2
1 1
4 29 −6
16 35 8
5 81 1
36 64 30 3
5
6 32
37 100 2 Summary exercise 15
1
7 125 (page 130)
8 16 Exercise 15.3 (page 129)
1 a 104
9 9 1 5 b k5
1
10 4 2 −3 c 10−2
11 3 d y−2
3 3 1
1 e 20 2
12 16 4 0 1
13 0.001 5 81 f t4
3
14 1 1
6 g 72
3
1
15 h (ab2)2
7 7 2
1 2 a k4
16 8 3
2 b t12
1 9 16 c x8
17 2
1 10 1 d 18
18 m
5 2
11 3
e 64c6
1
19 25 1 f n6
12 −12 g 6a3
20 27 13 −3 h m12
21 1 i a3
14 −1 j x
22 5
15 32 k x
23 16 1
l x4
16 −22
24 100 3 a 12t10
17 4
25 8 b 5h6
18 −1
26 313 c 15a3b3
1
19 1 d 12y
27 32 e 1
20 10
28 29 x2
21 −3 f k6
29 1008
22
1
2
g 7mn
30 16 10
7 64
h 6
31 343 23 3 a
1 i 3a4
32 a 2
24 2

j x 2 27x6 2 a −8a + 12
k 9a2b4 1
b −21c + 3
3 a 16 c −25a − 10
l 30
b 1 d −6t + 30
4 a 1 e −3x − 3y
1
b
1 4 a 100 f −12 − 8y
64
c 27 b 1 g −4c − 7
d 32 c 7 h −10a + 15b
1 i −72y − 64
e 6
5 a 6 j −3 + 9x
f 0.1
b 2 k −5k − 5m
g c 8
2 1 l −10 + 100a
1 d 25
h 243 3 a x2 + 2x
i
3 6 a 8 b 3x2 − x
5
1 c xy − 2x
j 8 b 9 d 2y2 + 3y
k 4 1 e 6x2 − 2x
7
l 1.5 16 f a2b + ac
1 1
5 a 13 8 a–3, a , a 2 , a g 3xy + 2y2
b 6 The order would be reversed h −2a2 − a
when 0 < a < 1. i a2b + ab2
6 218
6
j 8k2 − 12k
7 a−6, a0, a, a, a6 9 a i t9 k −3b2 − 18b
1 l 6x3 − 21x2
8 26a + b ii
r3
9 a −2 iii 9a2b4 4 a 6a + 17
b 2 2 b 10t − 3
b x= 3 c 14r − 15
3
c 5 d 18a − 8
d 6
10 a 4x5y4
e 18 − 12x
e −2 b 15 f 6m − 9
1 m
f 12 g 15a − 16
11 5a4b6 h −b − 2
g −1
i −t − 5
h 12
1
Chapter 16 Brackets j 22 − u
3 k 10 − 3x
i 2 Exercise 16.1 (page 134) l 15y − 7
j −2
k −5 1 a 6x − 15 5 a 5x2 − x
l – 16 b 20x − 8 b 6a2 − 3a
c 6a + 30 c 8x2 − 10
Examination questions d 8 − 6a d 11y2 − 3y + 2
e 15k − 5 e 8k2 − k
(page 131) f 1 − 4p2
f 35d − 21
1 a x10 g 24z − 16 g 2p − 4p2
b 2x2 h 25p + 25 h 6t 2 + 12t
i 12t + 20s i 12a2 + 26a
c x15 j 6a − 4b j −4x
4x3
d k 1000 − 10x k xy2 − 2y
5y
l 7a − 21c l 17e 2 − 3e

6 a 26a + 16 3 a x2 + 14x + 49 2 a 8n − 9
b 23x − 9 b 16e2 − 24e + 9 b 11 − 7x
c 9d 2 + 12d + 4 c 6y2 + 3y
c 10x − 12 d x2 − 2x + 1 d 3x2 − 2x
d x+8 e 4x2 − 4x + 5 e 11x2 − 9x
e 11a − 20 f 1 − 25x2 + 30x
g 8y3 + 12y2 + 6y + 1
f 3 − 10a
f 31t − 4 g 11 − 13e
h 36a2 − 78a + 36
g 7x − 15 i 2x2 + 18 h 10a − 2
h 5a2 + 7a j 3a2 + 4a − 7 i x2
i 6x2 + 9x k x3 − x2 − x + 10 j 25 − 13g
l a3 − a2b − ab2 + b3 k −4y2 − 3y
j 6a − 12
l 3 − 8p − 3p2
k 3y − 2y2 4 6x2 + 7x − 3
5 12a2 + 5a − 3 3 a x2 + 3x − 18
l 5t 3 + 14t 2
b a2 + 13a + 42
6 (4x2 + 140x) cm2 c d 2 + 8d + 15
7 x2 + 5x + 12 square units
7 (x + 2)2 = (x + 2)(x + 2) d 4a2 + 20a + 21
8 (14y2 + 32y) cm2 = x2 + 2x + e 6p2 + 7p − 5
2x + 4 f 30 − 17y − 2y2
Exercise 16.2 (page 138) (x − 2)2 = (x − 2)(x − 2) g 24k2 + 4k − 4
= x2 − 2x −
h a2 + 6a + 9
2x + 4
1 a x2 + 6x + 8 i 25t 2 + 30t + 9
So (x + 2)2 − (x − 2)2
b a2 + 8a + 15 = x2 + 2x + 2x + 4 − j 18e 2 + 12e + 2
c t 2 − 8t + 7 (x2 − 2x − 2x + 4) k 2 − 9y2 + 12y
d y2 + 2y − 15 = x2 + 2x + 2x + 4 − x2 l 8x
+ 2x + 2x − 4
e u2 − 11u + 30 4 a (x + 8) cm
= x2 − x2 + 2x + 2x +
f p2 + 8p + 12 2x + 2x − 4 + 4 b (5x + 2) cm
g a2 − 3a + 2 = 8x 5 36 square units
h c2 − 9 8 n(n + 2)(n + 4)
i g2 − 16g + 63 = n(n2 + 4n + 2n + 8) Examination questions
j a2 + ax − ay − xy = n(n2 + 6n + 8) (page 139)
= n3 + 6n2 + 8n
k r 2 − 6r + 9 1 8c − 7d
l c2 − d2
Summary exercise 16 2 a 4x3 − 12x
2 a 6x2 −x−2 (page 139) b 23 − 2c
b 5a2 − 3a − 2 3 x2 + 2x − 15
1 a 4y + 12
c 2
6t + 19t + 15
b 6x − 2 4 (2n + 3)(3n − 2)
d 12e 2 + 4e − 1 c −6a −15 = 6n2 −4n +9n −6
e 16y2 − 8y + 1 d −3y + 2 = 6n2 +5n − 6
f 49k2 − 9 e 42g + 18 6(1 − n)(1 + n)
g 12b2 + 7b − 10 f −10 + 15p = 6(1 + n − n − n2)
h 24 − 14d − 3d2 g 6x2 + 7x = 6(1 − n2)
h 6y2 + y = 6 − 6n2
i 6a2 + ax − x2
i 3x2 + 2xy (2n + 3)(3n − 2) + 6(1 − n)
j 18p2 − 27pq − 5q2 j −4c 2 + 12c (1 + n)
k 8 + 2x − 3x2 k −6k − 10k2 = 6n2 +5n − 6 + 6 − 6n2
l 30y2 − 85y + 50 l 7t 3 − 35t 2 = 5n

1
5 c = 36, d = −6 20 22 24 −1
6 x2 – 10x + 25 21 −12
1
25
3
7
7 3(x – 1) 1
22 22 26 −11
8 (x + 1)2 – 2x – (x + 1)
= x2 + 2x + 1 – 2x – x – 1 23 −1 Exercise 17.3 (page 145)
= x2 + 2x – 2x – x + 1 – 1 3
= x2 – x 24 4 1 1
2 1
Chapter 17 Linear Exercise 17.2 (page 143)
1
equations 1 −2 3 −52
Exercise 17.1 (page 142) 2 22

1
4 115
3
1 5 3 1 5 −35
2 11 4 2 6
1
2
3 −3 5 −3
7 0
4
4 2 6 5 8 2
2
5 3
7 −4 9 1
8 −2 10 −4
6 −2
2
9 0 11 3
7 23
1
10 −12 12 3
2
8 15
17
11 1 13 30
1
9 2 1
12 7 14 10
2
10 1 7
3 13 −2 15 10
11 −1 5 3
14 6 16 −17
12 −1
3 15 8 17 29
13 7
16 2 18 3
1
14 3 17 2
7 18 0
15 9
19 1 1 6
16 7
20 −7 2 10
17 −16 3 60
21 0
18 −30 22 2 4 4
–5
19 6
23 10 5 1

6 −12 4 105°, 45° and 30° c −42
1
(x = 35°)
7 48
3 d 6
5 Jack 5, Martin 8, Rob 12 2
3
e 3
8 48 6 42 units
11
7 94.5 cm2 f −14
1
9 33
8 25 and 42 5 123
1
10 −54 9 16 passengers 6 40°, 70° and 70°
11 −16 10 4 km (4000 m) 7 24 cm
12 6 11 £24 000 8 70 km/h
13 −18 12 10 cm, 8 cm and 6 cm 9 114, 117, 120 and 123
1 13 15 cm 10 twenty-six 20p coins
14 102
15 2 Summary exercise 17 Examination questions
16 6 (page 152) (page 153)
1
17 36 1 a 6 1 x = 22
2
18 3 b −13 2 a x=7
3 1 1
19 17 c 72 b y= 10
4 1
20 35 d −12 3
3 x = 14
6 e −1
21 13 2 4 x + x + 30 + 2x + 70 =
f 5
1 360 or 4x + 100 = 360;
22 −22 2 a −9 x = 65
Exercise 17.5 (page 148) b −2 5 x = –72

1
1
1
c 12 1
1 −18 4 6 x=4
d −9
1 1
2 42 7 x = −52
e 1
3 −4512 2 8 a x=3
f 25
b x=9
4 3
3 a 156 9 15x + 320 = 1250;
5 −2 62 pence
1
6 −2 b 24 10 3x + 4x + 185 = 500;
7 4.5 1 x = 45
c 12
8 −1
d
1
7
Chapter 18
Exercise 17.6 (page 150) e −13
1 Sequences
4
1 9 f 7 Exercise 18.1 (page 157)
2 63, 65 and 67 4 a 4 1 a 6
4
3 4 packets b −5 b 36

c 16 2 a n2 + 1; 101 c 26 chairs
d 20 b n2 − n + 1; 91 d 47 tables
e 40 c 3n2 − 2; 298 4 a P = 4n − 3
2 a add 5 to the previous d n2 + 2n + 3; 123 b T = 3n + 5
term e −n2 + 4n + 1; −59 n 20
f n2 − 2; 98 5 a n + 1; 21
b halve the previous
term g 5n2 + n − 3; 507 b n × n2 or n3; 20 × 202
h 20n2; 2000 = 203 = 8000
c subtract 3 from the
previous term i n2 − 1; 99 2n 40
c n2 + 1 ; 401
d multiply the previous 1 1
j −2n2 + 2n + 10; −35 6 9 bricks
term by 3
e subtract 1 more 3 2n + 4; 34 7 465
than was previously 4 3n − 1; 299 1 1
subtracted 8 a 2n2 − 12n
5 2n2 + n − 1; 299 b 54 diagonals
3 a 42, 50
b 41, 51 6 17th term 9 a True; the number
of chords forms a
c 20, 16 7 24th term quadratic sequence
d 55, 47 with the given rule for
e 47, 65 8 The second difference is
the nth term.
f −4, −10 2 so a = 1.
b False; for 6 or 7 points,
g 11, 15 The original the number of regions
1 3 sequence is 2 6 12 20 30 does not follow the
h 72, 34 given rule for the nth
Subtracting the
i 29, 39 sequence n2 term. For example, 6
results in the −1 4 9 16 36 points creates
j 56, 81 ––––––––––––– 31 regions but 26 − 1 =
linear sequence 1 2 3 4 5
4 a 81, 130, 197 25 = 32.
b 37, 50, 65 This sequence follows the rule
10 No; the sequence 10,
c 218, 345, 514 n2 + n, or n(n + 1). 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, ... is a
d 222, 350, 520 Alternatively, having found suitable counter example.
e 204, 329, 496 a = 1, working back to n = 0
f 37, 49, 63 gives c = 0. Summary exercise 18
g 67, 93, 123
1st term = a + b + c = (page 165)
h 211, 338, 507 1+b+0
i 324, 539, 832 1 a Subtract 1 more
j 134, 186, 246 But the 1st term is 2, so than was previously
1 + b = 2, and so b = 1. subtracted.
Exercise 18.2 (page 161) Hence the rule for the nth b Add 2 more than was
previously added.
term is n2 + n, or n(n + 1), as
1 a 4n − 3; 77 c Add 3 more than was
before. previously added.
b −2n + 8; −32
c 12n; 240 Exercise 18.3 (page 164) 2 a 10, 20, 40, 80, 160
d 7n − 2; 138 1 1 5
b 10, 5, 22, 14, 8
e 1.5n + 0.5; 30.5 1 a 18 pegs
c 10, 6, 2, −2, −6
f −3n + 16; −44 b 24 towels
g 5n + 2; 102 3 a 12, 2, −10
2 (1000 − 0.5t) cm3 b 30, 41, 54
h −n + 11; −9
i −5n + 105; 5 3 a 8 chairs c 13, 8, 14
j −2n − 1; −41 b C = 2T + 2 4 a 46, 62

b 437, 683 1 a 4(x + 2) m 2c(2a2 + 3)
c 341, 510 b 4(4 + n) n ad(a2 − d)
c 3(4k + 3) o a2b(5a + 2)
5 a 2n − 3; 27
b 2n2 + 3n; 495 d 5(2x − 3) p 2x(3y + z − 2w)
c −3n + 19; −26 e 3(7 + 2p) q a(wx + ax + a2y)
d 3n2 − 2n; 645 f 8(5x + 3) r 2xy(3y + 2 − y)
e n2 − 2n; 195 2 a 12(2a − 3)
6 81 b 4(x − 5) Exercise 19.2 (page 170)
7 126 terms c 5(n + 1)
d 4(3 + 4p)
1 (b + a)(y + z)
8 18.75 cm e 8(1 − k) 2 (x − w)(y − z)
9 1889 f 7(x + 3)
3 (x2 + y)(a + b)
g 8(1 + 2y)
10 a 28 cubes h 3(3x − 1) 4 (e + d )(f + g)
b 2n2 − n
c 190 cubes i 8(4 − 5n)
5 (x + y)(x + a)
j 6(3y + 4)
k 5(5t − 8) 6 (c − 1)(d 2 + 1)
Examination questions l 6(g − 3)
(page 166) 7 (5d − 2f )(3c + 2e)
3 a 2x(2x + 1) 8 (2y − 1)(x + 3)
1 a i 18 b a(y − b)
ii shape number × 3 c h(2h + 1) 9 (1 + t 2)(1 + t)
b 1, −9 d 3x(2x + 1) 10 (y − x)(a + b)
2 a 8, 11 16 e 4a(a − 2)
b i 11n f 4pq(2p + 1) 11 (a + 2b)(3y + x)
ii 4n − 1 4 a 5n(3 − 4n) 12 (u − 5)(4u − v)
3 a –2n + 7 b k2(k + 1) 13 (e2 + 2)(e − 3)
n c 5a(2a − 1)
b d ab(a + b) 14 (3g + n)(2g − h)
n+1
n e 2r2(4 − 5r) 15 (c − 5e)(3d + 2f )
c 2
n +3 f 6a(3 − a)
4 3, −7 g πr(r + 2h) 16 (4p2 − 3t)(6 − t)
h 6cd(2c + 3d) 17 (a − 5)(k + 1)
5 a 25
i 2xz(y + 2x)
b 3n + 1 18 (x − 1)(y2 + 1)
c 76 j 5p2(6p − 5)
k xy(x + w)
6 a 4n – 3 l 2k2(2k − 5) Exercise 19.3 (page 171)
4n – 3
b i n2 5 a m(m + 4) 1 a (c − d )(c + d )
ii The equation
b 2e(8 − e) b (a − y)(a + y)
c x(6 − x) c (10 − p)(10 + p)
4n – 3
n2
= 1 has
only two solutions,
d
e
7x(8 + 3x)
r(4r − 1)
d (c − 1d )(c + 1d )
n = 1 and n = 3. f 5x(2 − 5x) e (6y − 1)(6y + 1)
g p2(p − 3) f (8 − t)(8 + t)
g (3k − m)(3k + m)
Chapter 19 h
i
3y(5 − 3y)
πr(r + 2) h (4a − 7b)(4a + 7b)
Factorisation j ab(b − c) i (9a − 5)(9a + 5)
k 4a2(2a + 1) 2 a 135
Exercise 19.1 (page 168) l 2q(2p + 1) b 2.4

c 8 b (1 − 8y)(1 + 8y) c (x2 + y)(a + b)
d 128 016 c (q + s)(p + r) d (m − p)(2n + 3k)
3 a (y − z)(2x + y + z) d (x − 1)(x + 5) e (z − a)(5y − x)
b (3n − 1)(5n − 1) e (5y − 2)(3y + 1) f (a + b)(b + c)
c (x + 1)(5x + 3) f (3p + 1)(p − 6) g (c + 2d)(c − 5)
g x(x2 + y) h (x − 3y)(3x − a)
4 a 9999 = 1002 − 12 h (x − k)(x + y) i (4b − 3)(2b + a)
b 9999 = 99 × 101 = 32 j (3z + y)(6x − y)
× 11 × 101 2 a 2(x + 1)(x − 3)
b 2(x − 3)(x + 3) 3 a (p − q)(p + q)
c 2(2y − 1)(x + 3) b (10 − t)(10 + t)
Exercise 19.4 (page 174) c (5h − 1)(5h + 1)
d 5(x + 4)(x − 3)
1 a (x + 9)(x + 5) e 4(a − b)(a + b) d (b − 0.1)(b + 0.1)
b (x + 5)(x − 7) f 10ab(a − 4b) e (6 − y)(6 + y)
c (x − 5)(x + 4)
d (a − 10)(a − 3)
g
h
2(k − 2)(k − 3)
4(p − 2)(q + 2)
f (101 − a)(101 + a)
e (p + 2)(p − 15) g (2x − 5y)(2x + 5y)
f (y + 8)(y + 3) 2b
3 a
g
h
(a + 3)(a − 7)
(k + 1)2
3a h (1 − 1c )(1 + 1c )
i (x + 3)(x − 8)
b k–2 i (5k − 6d )(5k + 6d )
k+3
j
k
(p − 1)(p − 9)
(m − 5)(m + 7) c a+b
4b
( y
)(
j 7x − 5 7x + 5
y
)
l (t + 4)(t − 9)
d 3(2a + 1) k x(3x + 2)
2 a (3a + 2)(a + 5) l −4ab
b (3x − 8)(x + 1) (3a + 1)
c (2x − 3)(x + 1) 4 2y + 5x 4 a (a + 2)(a + 5)
d (3y + 11)(y + 1) b (d + 3)(d − 7)
e (2p − 1)(p − 5) 5 208 c (2x − 3)(x + 7)
f (3x + 4)(x − 5) 6 Area = π(202 − 182) = d (p − 5)(p + 8)
g (3p − 1)(p − 10) π(20 − 18)(20 + 18) = e (3k − 2)(k − 4)
h (5y − 4)(2y + 1) π × 2 × 38 = 76π cm2 f (x + 9)(x − 2)
i (3x + 4)(2x − 5) g (6h − 1)(h + 4)
j (4y − 1)(3y + 4) h
k (4n − 1)(n + 3) Summary exercise 19 (4x + 3)(2x − 5)
(page 177) i (m − 2n)(m − 3n)
l (5x − 2)2
j (4 − x)(2 + x)
3 a x(5x − 3) 1 a 2(3a + 10)
b (a − 11)(a + 11) 5 a 4(x − 3)(x + 5)
b 4(3x − 5) b 5(x − 5)(x + 5)
c (2x − 3)(x + 1)
d (x + 3)(x − 7) c 5(2x + 1) c 3(c + 2)(a + b)
e (p − 3)(p + 3) d x(x − 3) d 2(3x + 2)(x − 5)
f (3x − 2)(x − 3) e 5y(2y + 1) e 10(x − 3)(x + 3)
g 5x(2x − 1) f 3k(2k − 3) f 4(5 − 2y)(4 + y)
h (5x + 2)(2x + 1) g 2b(2a − 3c)
i (7x − 6)(7x + 6) h mn(n − m)
6 a 9b(b + 3)
j (4p + 1)(2p − 3) i 5y(3x − 4)
b (a + 3)(a + 9)
k 4p(1 − 2p) c (n − 1)(m + 2)
j 3x(x + 2y + 3z)
l (y − 2)(y − 3) d (ab − 1)(ab + 1)
k x(x2 + 3x − 2)
e (4x + 3)(x + 5)
l 6d 2(d 2 + 1)
Exercise 19.5 (page 176) f (5a + 4)(a − 2)
2 a (a + b)(h + k) g 4(a − b)(x − 2y)
1 a 5(a3 + 3) b (3y + x)(2w − h) h (5p + 4)(3p + 2)

i 2πr(2r + h) Chapter 20 Formulae b y=a
b
j (x
2
x
−5 2+5 )( ) d–a
Exercise 20.1 (page 181) c y=
2a + 1 t
7 a 1 312 m d y=4−k
2
3(x + 3) 2 104 °F L–H
b (x – 2) e y=
1 G
3 −33
c–2 a–d
c 4 1.8 × 1014 f y=
c
2(d – 3)
5 338 350 A–B
8 28 000 g y= M
24
6 35 3–e–f
9 890 h y=
7 80 m t
10 202 − 32; 17 × 23 i y=h+j
8 37.5
11 2(x − 1) + (2x + + 1)2 z
(2x − 1)2 9 8.98 j y=x
= 2x − 2 + (4x2 + 4x + 1) 10 283 cm2 5–r
+ (4x2 − 4x + 1) k y= t
= 4x2 + 4x2 + 2x + 4x − 11 112
A
4x − 2 + 1 + 1 12 a W = 160.40 + 5.5g l y = bc
= 8x2 + 2x b £242.90
= 2x(4x + 1) A
100(S – C) 3 a r = πl
13 P = C C
Examination questions b r = 2π
(page 178) Exercise 20.2 (page 183) d
P c r=2
1 a 3c(2d − 3c) 1 a
k
b 3(a + 3d )(a − 3d ) b x=c+t v 2 – u2
4 a= 2s
2 (y + 2)(y − 6) e+d
c x= c pV
3 a 2p(3q + p) 5 T= R
c–d–b
x–4 d x= a
b 2x – 1 Exercise 20.3 (page 186)
e x=g−f
4 a (a – 3b)(a + 3b) y+3 xy – b
1 f x=
4 1 a a= x
b 2x + 1 t+u
g x= 3 D – BC
b a= C
5 a 3(b − 4c) w – 2y – 3z
b y(y − 9) h x= y
y – hn
c a= h
c w(w + 1) i x = Ny − y
b+5
6 a p(p + 5) D–E d a=
j x= 5
b k(2k – 1) t
c (p – 5q)(p + 5q) c – kt
k x= p2 – q2 e a= k
7 a (x – 3)(y + 5) 3
6–r
b i 3(x – 4)(x + 4) l x = Q –T f a=
6
3(x–4) P
g + de
ii 2x+1 2 a y=z−k g a=
d

qn – px e a = b2 − x f
h a= p c x = 2g – h + k
t
L – 2l f a=
i a= b y–1
lt d x=
g a= +p k2 y+1
100p – T c – 3a
j a= 100 bd e x=
h a=± e 3b + 1
P – 2b
k a= 2 2s u
i a = t2 2 a y=
5m – b t+4
l a= h
3 qn
j a= g
3 b y=
4A 2q + p
2 a b= π
ma – Ft
k a=b
c
2π ( ) 2
c y=
m+n
a–1
b b= m m2 –2
c l a = n2 d y= 6–p
c b= a
2 a x=± C 100b
e y= x + 100
d b = 2E – VA b x= D
3
V
t IR
e b= 100(k – e) c x=± 3 n = E – Ir
c k2
f d x = (E − T)2 an
f b= T 4 y=p–a
g b=
4I
3m
e x= c (d) − a 2
Summary exercise 20
5a – 40t f x=± q−p (page 190)
h b=
i b=
t
2ah − a (r)
g x = 2π − t
2
1 −25 °C
3L + c h x = c − a2 2 31.25
j b=
8 3
i x= w−y
T–a 3 −12
k b= T 3r
j x= 3
π y–3
Q – 5PA 4 a a=
l b= 9 4
5P k x = 4k2 t–z
3V b a=
3 h= p y
πr 2 l x= 3 y–b–c
t c a=
A – 2πr 2 d
4 h = 2πr 3 b = ± ac
A 5c + 2
5 a b= 6
T–a+d 4 r= 4π
5 n= km – r
d
5 l= T ( 2π ) g 2
b b= k
Exercise 20.4 (page 188) p + 3q – p2
Exercise 20.5 (page 189) c b= q
1 a a = ± c 2 − b2 c
b a = ± c−5 1 a x= a+b b
6 a c=
c a = ±2 b a–d
ef
d a = d2 b x=d–e P – Qd
b c=
Q
Dm + fe mgx 4 12 bottles
c c= fN e a = 2mg – T
5 2 hours 24 minutes
v–u 3 + 4m2
7 a f= f m1 =
4 – 3m2 6 15 days
t
a x–w 7 28 hours
b c=b+d g z= 1+y
8 a 30 CDs
p2 – qrx h w=± u2 − v2 b 16 200 CDs
c a= p
a2 xn
4m – 3b i t= 9 n+5
d g= y2
3
v 10 £14p/11
8 a k=± x+d j s=
u+w –x
b k = 2y − 1 14 172 cm Exercise 21.2 (page 196)
pq
c k=3 r Examination questions 1 P = 3.2Q
(page 191) 2 a y=3 x
a(1 – y) b 18
9 a e= 1
1+y 1 49 2
n(m + 1) 3 4000 cm3
b e= 5+m 2 a 5
b 120 4 a 8 amperes
D –A d – 15 b 6.25 volts
c e= C 3 a c= 10 5 15 m/s
x
10 a p = k2 7h – 12 6 a 9
b g = 4 + 2h
4 – yt b 7
b p= t–1
3x + 7 7 a a = 1.25 b − 3
4 y = 3x – 2 b 6.24
c p=± 1− x2
5 a 19 c 2.5
c
11 a k = d – 1 b 2 8 1411.2 m
h2 r–q 9 y ∝ x3
b k = 16 6 p= 2
10 a p is multiplied by 4
3
c k=m–h–2 7 a u=± v2 + 2gh b p is divided by 16
1–y 11 a H = 36I2t
kL b x=y+1+1
12 a d = ± b 4608 J
R c 4 amperes
b d = ±3 Chapter 21
Proportion and Exercise 21.3 (page 200)
13 a x = 7y
5 variation 1 T = 2M
3
z – h2
b a= 36
t Exercise 21.1 (page 193) 2 a y= x
K b 16
c x=B± 1 £2.88
A
3 720 cm3
F2 2 3150 km
d t=± −1 4 a 7.5 amperes
P2 1
3 222 m b 1.8 × 105 ohms

5 32 units Examination questions 5 a 10 m
6 a 0.8 (page 203) b 22 m
b 11.6 c 21 m
60
1 a P= V d 4.6 seconds
7 350 m
3 b P = 0.2
8 a A= Summary exercise 22
B−4 2 a p = 14q3
b 3
4
(page 210)
b 8
c 4.04 1 a 2.0
5760
9 25 mm 3 a R = d2 b 4.2
b i 118 (3 s.f.) c 2.9
10 a 75 swings per minute
b 0.36 m ii 6 2 a 2.63
b 4.49
11 0.22 mm Chapter 22 Trial and c 3.33
12 a The force is divided improvement
by 8. 3 4.8
b The force is 200 times
greater. Exercise 22.1 (page 207) Examination questions
1 a 5.7 (page 210)
Summary exercise 21 b 1.5
(page 201) c 4.7 1 x = 3.2
d 2.3 2 x = 4.7
1 40 litres e 3.5
2 12 minutes f 3.8 3 x = 2.7
g 3.7
12x
3 x + 2 days h 5.9 Chapter 23 Algebraic
4 a E = 4w2
i 4.1 fractions
j 3.1
b 9
c 7 2 a 3.11 Exercise 23.1 (page 212)
b 6.58 2
5 1638.4 g c 4.62 1 a 5
6 a i y is multiplied by 9 d 1.62
b
7
ii y is divided by 4 e 2.57 8
7
b i p is doubled f 3.31 c 8
ii p is divided by 4 g 1.06
h 2.45 2 a 2
7 5 minutes
i 3.19 a
8 n = 3 and k = 640; j 2.64
b 2
missing values in the table 2q
are p = 5120, q = 4
Exercise 22.2 (page 209) c 3
9 27.8% decrease 7a
1 6.4 d 12c
10 a ii y varies directly as
the cube of x 2 5.88 cm 2
e 5t
b iii y varies inversely as 3 13.5 cm
x f a
c i y varies directly as 4 a w 2 + 6w − 16
the square of x b w = 6.2 (1 d.p.) 3 a 3a + 1
a
b
2p + 1 Exercise 23.2 (page 214) 2a2 + 7a – 7
5 a (a – 2)(a + 1)
p
5x
x+1 1 a 8 y–5
c x
b (y + 1)(y – 1)
3a
x + 2y b 4 4a2 + 9
d c (2a + 3)(2a – 3)
3xy 5a
c 8 7p – 1
2(p + 2q) d p(p + 1)(p – 1)
e 23p
p
d 20
4 + 5k 10 – 200
f 13x 6 x(x – 4)
5 e
m 12
g 5x + 4
m–n f Exercise 23.3 (page 216)
e–2 6
h e+3 7 1 a 4b
2 a 10x 5c
3y – 1 b 3d
i 1
3 b 6x c 2p2q
a
j 13 a
b c d b
2x
2(t – 3) 8x – 9
k x2y
(t – 1) d e
3x2 15
a 2p + 3 4(a – b)
l e f
a+7 p2 5
a 13c 4(a – b)
4 a f 3d 2 a
a+2 3
p 5x + 18 1
b 3 a b 2(x – 3)
p+1 12
5p – 19q c 1
a b d 2(p + 1)
c 6
a–3 k–2
–t – 9u e
x+1 c 20 k(k + 2)
d
x+2 3a + 8 f 12
1
h+2 d 10
e 3 a 34
3
h–5 7x + 15
k–2 e b 3 − 2x
10
f k p
11x + 8 c 8(p – 1)
f 12
y+3
g 2y + 1 (x + 1)(x + 2)
7a + 5 d
a–4
4 a a(a + 1) 2
h e 2
2 2a – 7
b x(x + b)
b (2a – 1)(a – 2) f
i 2
3 + 2a2 13 – 2x 3
c (x + 1)(x – 2) 4 a 15
a+4
j 2(a – 5) t(t – 3) p+q
d b 15
a (t + 1)(t – 1)
k − 31k – 5 a–2
b e c a
30k2
a–y 8z
l y f 1 d 3y(x + 2y)

Summary exercise 23 Examination questions h k = −14, k = 2
1
(page 217) (page 217) 3 1

i a = 4, a = −2
2 2
1 a p–1 1 2x – 1 j
3
m = 4, m = −13
1
x(x + 1)
1 2 a (x − 3y)(x + 3y) 1 1
b x–3 3 a x = 3, x = −3
2y – 3z b x + 3y 1
c x – 6y b x = 0, x = 2
12yz 1
c a = 0, a = −3
3 x–y − y + 2xy
d 112 d x = 5, x = −5
x + y x – y x2 – y2
1
3c (x – y)2 – y(x + y) + 2xy e y = 0, y = −12
e 2d
=
x2 – y2 1
2 x – 2xy + y2 – xy –
2 f y = 0, y = 12
f −3 1 1
y2 + 2xy g a = 2, a = −2
=
13a x2 – y2
2 a h y = 0, y = −1
15 x2 – xy
= 2 2 i t = 3, t = −3
31 x –y 1
b 20x x(x – y) j x = 0, x = 42
=
2–a (x + y)(x – y) 4 a x = 2, x = 3
c a(a + 1) x 1
= b x = 12, x = −5
a + 9b x+y 1
d c a = 22, a = −2
4 Chapter 24 Quadratic d x = ±1
5(a + 2)
e (a – 2)(2a + 1) equations e x = 1, x = 3
6
f a = −3, a = 11
f (x + 1)(x – 1) Exercise 24.1 (page 220) g p = 4, p = 5
h x = −1, x = 6
2 1 a x = −3, x = 4 i k = 6, k = −10
3 a 1
5(x – 4) b a = 7, a = −1 j n = 0, n = 6
5a(a + 1) 1 1
b c x = −12, x = 2 5 a x = −32, x = 2
a+7 1
3(k + 2)(k + 1) d t = −114, t = −33 1
b x = 2, x = −3
c 2k e x = 3, x = −3 c a = 2, a = 6
–4(y – 3) f x = 12, x = 3 3 1
d a = 4, a = −12
d 3 1
g x = 0, x = 14 1
4p 3 e x = 0, x = −12
e 1 2
9 h a = 0, a = 2 f n = ±13
4–c i x = 0, x = −2 g x = 0, x = 1
f c 1
j x = −2 h 5
x = −6, x = 1
a
4 a 2 a x = −2, x = −1 i a = 2, a = −5
x
a b y = −12, y = 3 j a = 0, a = 1
b 25
x+2 1 1
c x = −3, x = 2
c 2a Exercise 24.2 (page 223)
d x = 13, x = 1
2a(x + 1)
d e a = −2, a = 4 1 a x = 3.73, x = 0.27
x(x + 2) f p = 8, p = 3
x(x + 2)
b x = 0.44, x = −3.44
e g y = 1, y = 3 c x = 0.85, x = −1.18
x+1 3

d x = −0.61, x = −4.89 6 a = −2, a = 6 i y = −2, y = 5
e y = 1.43, y = 0.23 j x = ±1
7 x = 2, x = −4 5
f x = 1.13, x = −0.88
g x = 0.53, x = −1.65 8 p = −2, p = 5 2 a a = 0.37, a = −1.37
h x = −0.28, x = 3.61 b x = 1.18, x = −0.43
9 x = 0, x = 3 c x = 2.82, x = 0.18
i x = 0.64, x = −1.00 1
j y = 2.14, y = −0.47 10 x = −42, x = 5 d x = −1.40, x = 0.90
11 y = 2.49, y = −1.69 3 a a=1±2 5
2 a x=1± 6
12 a = 0.63, a = −2.38 3± 6
3± 7 b y=
b x= 3
2
Exercise 24.4 (page 228) 1± 10
c y = 6 ± 31 c a=
1 32 and 35 2
−3 ± 3 3±5 3
d x= 2 24p d x=
2 3
−5 ± 33 3 2.5 cm by 8.5 cm
e k= 4 4 a y = 1, y = 2
4 4 1
5 b x = ±2
f x = −3 ± 2 2 5 29 and 31
5 a a = 1.70, a = −0.07
6± 15 6 2 discs b x = 3.27, x = −4.27
g x=
7 7 45 km/h 6 12 cm
h y = 2 ± 11 8 3.14 seconds 7 8 balls
9 18th term 8 6 and 4
i t=3± 3
10 22 people 9 8.5 cm
−5 ± 17
j a= 11 24th triangular number 10 2.62 cm
8
3 a x = 2.85, x = −0.351 12 30.73 m Examination questions
b x = 1.45, x = −3.45 13 35 cm
c x = 4.27, x = −3.27
(page 231)
d y = 0.452, y = 1.55 14 24 cm and 56 cm 1 x = −15, x = 1
e x = 1.61, x = −3.11 15 18.5 cm 1
f x = 2.47, x = −0.135 2 x = 13, x = 5
g y = −2.59, y = −5.41 16 5 km/h
3 (x – 1)2 + (2x + 3)2 =
h a = 1.64, a = −0.24 (3x – 2)2 + (x + 3)2,
i x = 7.87, x = 0.127 Summary exercise 24 giving x = 3
j a = 3.41, a = 0.586 (page 230) 4 x = −13, x = 12
1
1 1
1 a a = − 13, a = 12 5 x = 0, x = –2
Exercise 24.3 (page 225) b x = 0, x = 5
6 a perimeter =
5 c a = 3, a = −4
1 x= 21
2(length + width)
d x = 2, x = −8
therefore width =
2 a=2 e 1
x = −2, x = 3 10 − x
3 x=3 f x = ±7
3 area = length × width
therefore 6 = x(10 − x)
4 a = −1, a = 8 g x = 1, x = 12 6 = 10x − x2
1
5 p = 4, p = 2 h t = 3, t = 4 so x2 − 10x + 6 = 0

b 9.36 cm and 0.64 cm b y d y
16 5
7 a 12x + 8 or 4(3x + 2) y = 3x + 2
14 4
b 3x2 + 21x or
3x(x + 7) 12 3
c 34.1 units (3 s.f.) 10 2
8 1
Chapter 25 Straight 6
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
lines and linear 4
2
–1
–2
graphs –3
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x y = –x + 1
–2 –4
Exercise 25.1 (page 234) –4
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
–6
1 a y y 4 3 2 1 0 −1 −2 −3
–8
8 e
y = 2x – 1 y
7 x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 20
6 y −7 −4 −1 2 5 8 11 14 y = 5x – 2
18
5 c 16
4 y
18 14
3 y = 4x
16 12
2
14 10
1
12 8
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x 10 6
–1
8 4
–2
6 2
–3
4
–4 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
2 –2
–5
–4
–6 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –6
–2
–7
–4 –8
–8
–6 –10
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 –8 –12
–10 –14
y −7 −5 −3 −1 1 3 5 7
–12 –16
–14 –18
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
y −12 −8 −4 0 4 8 12 16 y −17 −12 −7 −2 3 8 13 18

f y x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
8
y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 y 9 6 3 0 −3 −6 −9 −12
7
6 i l y
y 6
5 18
5
4 16
4 x+6
3 14 y= 2
3
2 12
2
1 10
1
8 y = 10 – 2x
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1 6 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x
y = –2x + 1
–2 4
–3 2 x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
–4 y 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x
–5 p
2 3
–6 x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
2
–7 y 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
1
–8
j y
10 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 q
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 –1
9
y 7 5 3 1 −1 −3 −5 −7 –2
8 y = 8 – 12 x p = 2q – 4
g –3
y 7
–4
7 6
–5
6 5
–6
5 4
y = 12 x + 4 –7
4 3
–8
3 2
–9
2 1
–10
1
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x –11
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 3 a y
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 6
y 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 y = 3x – 6
4
y 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
k y 2
10
h y
8 8 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 x
–2
7 6
–4
6 y = – 3x 4
–6
y=4–x 5 2
–8
4
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –10
3 –2
–12
2 –4
–14
1 –6
–16
–8
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x b (2, 0)
–1 –10
–12 c (0, −6)
–14

4 a No 2 PQ = 2 QR = 2
1 2 a y
b No 3
6
c Yes RS = 7 SP = −4 5
1 y=x+4
5 y = x + 3, y = 2x + 5, 3 a 3
4
1 3
y = 2 x + 2 and x + 2y = 0 b 2
2
5
c
6 ( 1
−2 2, 0 ) 3
5
1
d −2 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x
7 2 –1
4 a q = −8 –2
8 a 7 b p=2
1 –3
b −2 –4
5 a = 5 and b = 2
c −13 Yes, there is more than b y
one possible set of values, 5
Exercise 25.2 (page 237) e.g. a = 8 and b = 7. 4
a and b can take any values 3
1 a 6 5 b+3 2
such that simplifies y=x–3
b 5 2 a–2 1
5
c 4 10 to 3.
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
d 74 6 37.5 m –1
5 –2
e 4 2 7 2 –3
2 a ( 1
4, 32 ) 8 y=0 –4
–5
b (2, 4) Exercise 25.4 (page 244)
c (−3, −4) c y
d (−1, −7) 5
1 a gradient = 2,
4
e ( 1
2
, −1 ) y-intercept (0, −7)
1 3 y = 3x + 1
3 B(−3, 6) b gradient = 3,
2
y-intercept (0, −1) 1
4 Yes c gradient = 6,
5 4, 13, 13; isosceles y-intercept (0, 0) –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
since two sides are equal d gradient = 2,
y-intercept (0, −3) –2
6 22 + 52 = ( 29)2, satisfies 1 –3
Pythagoras’ theorem − e gradient = −3,
–4
right-angled y-intercept (0, 3)
–5
f gradient = 2,
Exercise 25.3 (page 240) (
y-intercept 0, −2
1
)
7 4 1
1 L1= –3 L2 = − 11 g gradient = −2,
1
L3 = 0 L4 = −5 y-intercept (0, 2)
2
L5 = 1 L6 = ∞ h gradient = −3,
L7 = 2
( 1)
y-intercept 0, 3

d y
g y
j y
4 5 5
3 y = 2x – 5 4 4
2 3 2y = 5x – 2 3
1 2 2
4x – 2y + 1 = 0
1 1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–2 –1 –1
–3 –2 –2
–4 –3 –3
–5 –4 –4
–6 –5 –5
e y
h y
k y
5 5 5
4 4 4 3x – 2y = –6
y = 12 x + 1
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x

–1 –1 –1
–2 –2 y = – 13x –2
–3 –3 –3
–4 –4 –4
–5 –5 –5
f y i y l y
5 5 5
4 y = –x + 4 4 2y – x = 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2 2x + 5y = 10
1 1 1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x

–1 –1 –1
–2 –2 –2
–3 –3 –3
–4 –4 –4
–5 –5 –5

3 k=±2 1
7 y = −2x − 1 or 2y + x + 2 c y
5
4 y=0 =0
4
5 a 4x + 12y = 6 and 8 y = 3x − 2 3
x + 3y = 6 are parallel 1 2
or y = 4 − 5x and 9 y= −3x + 4 or 3y + x
1 3y – 2x + 7 = 0
5x + y = 10 are = 12
parallel.
1 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
b 2y = x − 4 and 10 y = −4x − 2 or 4y + x + 8 –1
y = 5 − 2x are =0 –2
perpendicular or –3
y = −x + 6 and 3
11 y = −2x + 4 or 2y + 3x –4
y = x − 1 are
=8 –5
perpendicular.
3 1 d
1 12 y = −4x + 92 or 4y + 3x y
6 a = −2 5
= 38
4
Exercise 25.5 (page 249) 3
Summary exercise 25
2
1 line L1, y = 8 (page 250) 1
line L2, y = x + 6
1 1 a
line L3, y = −2x + 1 or y –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
5 –1
2y + x = 2 –2
3 4
line L4, y = 2x − 4 or 2y = y = 4x – 3 –3
3 y = –3
3x − 8 2 –4
line L5, x = −8 1 –5
1
line L6, y = −2x + 5 or e y
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x 5
2y + x = 10 –1 x=4
–2 4
2 line A, y = −2x 3
line B, x = 3 –3
1 –4 2
line C, y = −3x + 7 or
–5 1
3y + x = 21
3
line D, y = 2x + 3 or
b –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
y –1
2y = 3x + 6 5 –2
line E, y = −5 4 –3
5 3 2y + x = 6 –4
line F, y = −3x − 10 or 2 –5
3y + 5x + 30 1
=0 2 (0, −3) (−1, −7) (3, 9)
–2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
3 y = −2x + 3 –1 3 y = 2x − 9 or y = 3 − x
–2
4 y = −3x − 2 4 a i 34
–3
1
5 y = −2x or 2y + x = 0 –4 ii (
31, 61
2 2 )
–5
6 y = 3x − 5

b i 2 5 Chapter 26
ii (1, 5)
Non-linear graphs
5 a (3, 2)
b 2 5 Exercise 26.1 (page 254)
1
6 a −5 1 y
12
3 y = x2 + 3x
b −8
7 Any co-ordinate pair such 10
that 2x + y = 14, for
example (5, 4) 8
8 a (5, 0), B ( 1
0, 22 ) 6
9 Line L1, x = −2
3
Line L2, y = 2x or 2y = 3x 4
Line L3, y = −x + 5
2
Line L4, y = −5
1
Line L5, y = 3x − 3 or
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x
3y = x − 9
10 y = −3x + 8 –2
1
11 y = −2x
− 4 or
–4
2y + x + 8 = 0
2 y
12 a P = 0.8Q + 2.4 16
b i 21.6
ii 32 14
13 Any co-ordinate pair such
that 6x + y = −2, for 12
example (0, −2)
14 y = −14x or 4y + x = 0 10
15 y + x = 3
8
Examination questions y = x2 – 2x
6
(page 251)
1 a 4 5 4
b y = 2x + 5
1 2
c y = −2x + 5
2 y = 3x + 1
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
3 ( )
1
2
,0
–2
4 (0, 1)
5 10 units

3 y
8
y = x2 – 3x – 4
4
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x
–2
–4
–6
–8
y
4 16
y = 2x2 + 3x – 6
14
12
10
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x
–2
–4
–6
–8

5 y
18
16
14
12
10
8
y = x2 – 8x + 15
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–2
6 y
4
2
y = 1 – 3x – x2
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4x
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10

y
7 8
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4x
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–12
–14 y = 6 + x – 2x2
–16
y
8 18
y = 3x2 – 5x + 4
16
14
12
10
–2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x

9 y
8
–2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–2
–4
y = x(5 – x)
–6
–8
y
10 14
y = (x + 1) (2x – 3)
12
10
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
–2
–4
–6

y
1 y 30
40
20 y = x3 – 4
30
10
20
10 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3x
–10
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3x
–20
–10
y=6– x3
–30
–20
–40
–30
2 4
y
y 30
60
y = x3 – 9x
y = 2x3 + 3 20
40
10
20
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4x
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3x
–10
–20
–20
–40
–30
–60

5 y
30
y = x3 + x – 3
20
10
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3x
–10
–20
–30
–40

1 y
8
6
y = 6x
–8 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 8x
–2
–4
–6
–8

2 y
12
10
y = 20
x
6
–12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 10 12x
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–12
3
y
4
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4x
–1
y = –3
x
–2
–3
–4
4 x = −2
Exercise 26.4 (page 259) 2 y
1
1 a y = cos x
y
10 0.5
y = 2x
8 O
60 120 180 240 300 360x(°)
6 –0.5
4 –1
3 y
2
y = tan x
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
b x = 2.3 O
90 180 270 360x(°)
2 a y
10
y = 1 + 3–x
8
6
4 y
2
4 y = 2 sin x
1
–180 –120 –60 O 60 120 180x(°)
–2 –2.5 –1 –0.5 O 0.5 1 1.5 2 x –1

b y=1
–2
5
1 y y
1 3
y = 3 cos x
y = sin x
0.5 2
1
–180 –120 –60 O 60 120 180x(°)
–0.5 O
60 120 180 240 300 360x(°)
–1 –1
–2
–3

6 y b y
12
y = tan x
y = 2x2 + 3x – 4
10
8
–360 –270 –180 –90 x(°)
6
For the sine and cosine curves for questions

2
7 and 8, refer to pages 260 and 261 of the
textbook.
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x
7 a i 0.64
ii 0.98 –2
iii −0.34
iv −0.77 –4
b i 53°, 127°
ii 217°, 323°
–6
8 a i 0.64 c y
ii −0.64 8
iii −0.34
y = 5 + 3x – x2
iv 0.64 6
b i 73°, 287°
ii 134°, 226° 4
Summary exercise 26 (page 265) 2

1 a
y
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x
12
–2
10
y = x2 – 7x + 10 –4
8
–6
6
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–2
–4

2a
y
200
y = 2 –x3 – 9x 150
100
50
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x
–50
–100
–150
–200
b y
2
y = x3 + 2x2
1
–2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 O 0.5 1 x
–2

3 y
18
16
14
y = 12
x +4
12
10
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
4 x=4
5 a y
5
y = 5 sin x
O
60 120 180 240 300 360x(°)
–5

b Examination questions (page 266)
y
8 1 a y=4–x
y = 8 cos x
b y = 4 + x2
4
c y=
x
O 2 a reading taken at −0.5; values 210° and
90 180 270 360x(°)
330°
b y
1
–8
c 0.5
y
y = tan x
–360 –270 –180 –90 O 90 180 270 360 x(°)
–0.5
O
90 180 270 360x(°) –1
3
y
y = tan x
6 a i 0.94
ii 0.87
b i 46°, 314°
ii 114°, 246°
7 a y=x−2 O
30 60 90 120 150 180x(°)
b y = 3x − 2x2
c y = 2x + 4
1
d y = 2x
e y = −2x2 − 3x + 8
f y = 2x
8 a y = x2 + 3x
b y = −x Chapter 27 Real-life graphs
2
c y=x
d y = x3 + 5 Exercise 27.1 (page 269)
e y 1 a u = 5, a = 10
y= –x2 –x+6 b 22 seconds
O x

2 a L
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
O 10 20 30 40 50 60 T
b Yes; L = 0.1T + 20
c 27.5 mm
3 a T = −3.75m + 30
b 6 minutes 40 seconds

1 a
7
5
Cooking time t (hours)
3m + 1
t= 2
4
O 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mass m (kg)
b 412 hours
c 1.5 kg

2 a
30
25
20
Fare (£)
15
10
O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Distance (miles)
b 6 miles
c £2.50
3 a Claire
b Claire 16.36 mph, Dermot 10 mph
c 13.30
d They are both 10 miles from their destination.

1 a x 0 2 4 6 8 10
10x 0 20 40 60 80 100
−x2 0 −4 −16 −36 −64 −100
y 0 16 24 24 16 0
b y
30
25
y = 10x – x2
20
15
10
O 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
c 25 m

2 a 50
40 h = 30t – 5t2
30
h (metres)
20
10
O 1 2 3 4 5 6
t (seconds)
b 3 seconds
c 45 m
d 312 seconds
3 a t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t2 0 1 4 9 16 25 36
−9t 0 −9 −18 −27 −36 −45 −54
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
P 10 2 −4 −8 −10 −10 −8
b
12
10
2 P = t 2 – 9t + 10
P (°C)
O 2 4 6 8
t hours
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–12
c 10 °C
d −6.25 °C
e 1 hour 18 minutes

1 a
90
80
Population (millions)
70
60
50
40
30
O 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Year
b during the year 2023
2 a £10 200
b £8670
c £12 000 × 0.85t
3 25 years
Summary exercise 27 (page 279)

1 a 15
Vale Taxis
14
13 Acorn Cars
12
11
10
Cost (£)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Distance (miles)
b 8 miles
2 a 3 a
Mass, M (grams) 10 25 30 50 75 100 d
14
Length, L (mm) 9.5 10.25 10.5 11.5 12.75 14
b 12
15
d = 10t – 2t 2
10
14
8
13
6
L (mm)
12
4
11
2
10
O
9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t
O 20 40 60 80 100 –2
M (g)
c 36 g –4
d 9 mm
–6
–8
–10
–12
–14
b after 2.5 seconds
c 36 m

4 a, b Exercise 28.2 (page 286)
70 1 x = 9, y = 1
V= 2t 2 a = 2, b = −1
60
1 1
3 p = 12, q = −22
50 P = 30 + 4t
4 e = 3, f = −12
40 5 x = 4, y = 6
Volume
6 x = −1, y = 3
30
7 x = 1, y = 2
20 8 m = 4, n = −1
9 x = 212, y = −5
10
10 x = 1, y = 3
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 x = 5, y = −3
Time t (days)
12 x = −5, y = 4
c 5.6 days Exercise 28.3 (page 289)
1 1
Examination questions (page 280) 1 a x = 12, y = −22
1 a Gareth stopped cycling for 30 minutes b a = 9, b = 4
between 1.30p.m. and 2.00p.m. c c = −1, d = 3
b 5 km d p = 2, q = −3
e x = 7, y = 1
2 a = 0.1, b = 0.8 f a = 5, b = −4
28 Simultaneous equations 2 a x = 0, y = −1
b a = 9, b = 1
c p = −2, q = 5
Exercise 28.1 (page 284) d a = 13, b = −7
1 a x = 4, y = 4 e x = 3, y = 1
3 1
b x = 9, y = 5 fp = −24, q = 14
c x = 1, y = −2
3 a x = 3, y = 2
2 a x = 2, y = 3 b a = 3, b = 4
b x = 2, y = 3 c x = 3, y = 3
c x = 2, y = −1 d p = 7, q = 2
1
d x = 2
,y = 3 e a = −235, b = 35
2
3 a x = 2, y = 3 f p = 3, q = −3
b x = 6, y = 1
c x = 5, y = 5 4 a x = 2, y = 1
3 1
d x = 2, y = −3 b x = 3 10 , y = 15
4 (0, 3), (2, 5), (5, 5) and c a = 3, b = 4
(3, 1) d x = 2, y = −2
e x = 2, y = −4
f x = 3, y = 2
Exercise 28.4 (page 292) 9 x = −5 ± 57, 8 33 years old
3± 57 9 16 m
1 7 and 3 y=
4 1 1
2 rubber 6p, protractor 25p 10 a x = 2, y = 2 or x = 4,
9 ± 4 14 y = 32
3 magazine £1.40, 10 x = , 1
newspaper 72p 11 b x = 3, y = 4 or x = −12,
1
4 length 12 cm, width 8 cm 3 ± 6 14 y = −2
y=
11 c x = 1.94, y = −0.89 or
5 adult £17.50, child £12 11 (2, 0) and (3, −1) x = 0.06, y = 2.89
6 man 37 years, son 7 years
7 11 years old
(1 )
12 32, 5 and (−3, 18) (
11 (1, 2) and −2, −22
1 1
)
8 first number 37, second Summary exercise 28 12 15 and 24
number 24 (page 296)
9 1500 books sold during Examination questions
promotion, 3500 books 1 a x = 4, y = −6 (page 297)
after b x = 6, y = 4
c x = −3, y = 1 1 a
10 £6.40 y
2 a x = −1, y = 1 8
11 42 and 24 b x = 2, y = 3
1
12 y = −3x + 5 c x = 2, y = 0 6
13 39 cm d x = 1.6, y = 3.2
1 4
3 a a = 8, b = 2
b x = 3, y = 1 2
1 x = 1, y = 1 c x = 4, y = 1
d x = 0, y = 2
2 x = −3, y = 2 or x = 4, e x = 6, y = 3 –4 –2 O 2 4x
1 f p = 4, q = 1
y= 43 –2
3 x = 5, y = 1 or x = −7, 4 a a = 2, b = 3
y = −5 2
b x = 53, y = −112
1 –4
4 x = 6, y = 2 or x = −4, c p = 4, q = 3 b x = –1, y = 5
y = −3 d a = 17, b = −5 c y = –3x
5 x = −3, y = 0 or x = 4, e x = 2, y = −1 2 5C + 4D = 150,
y=7 f a = 4, b = 3 C = D + 3; Carrie 18,
Deana 15
6 x=1± 3, y = 5 ± 3 3 5 any pair of equations such
that when x = 4, y = −1 3 65p
7 x = −1 ± 6, y = −3 ± for both equations, e.g.
2 6 x + y = 3 and 4 x = 3, y = –2
−3 ± 69 2x − 3y = 11 5 x = 4.19, y = 17.58 or
8 x= , 6 adult £175, child £120 x = –1.19, y = 1.42
5
y=
1 ± 3 69 7 80° 6 (13, 413) and (–1, 7)
5

29 Graphical solution of equations
1 a, b y
30
25
y = x3
20
15
y = x2 – 4
10
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
–30
c x = −1.3
y
2 12
y = x2 – 2x
10
y=9
8
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
–2
x = 4.15 and x = −2.15
3 a x = 2 and x = −3
b x = 3.8 and x = −0.8
4 a x = 2.65 and x = −2.65
b x = 2.8 and x = −1.8
c x = 0.4 and x = −2.4
5 a x −3 −2 −1 −0.5 −0.25 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 3
y 0.11 0.25 1 4 16 – 16 4 1 0.25 0.11
y
18
1
y= x2
16
14
12
10
8 y = 2x + 4
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x
b y = 2x + 4
c x = 0.45, x = −0.6 and x = −1.85

6 a y
14
y = x2 – 4x
12
10
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–2
–4
–6
b i x = 0 and x = 4
ii x = 5.15 and x = −1.15
iii x = 1 and x = 3
iv x = 2.6 and x = 0.4
7 a y
18
y = x2 + 4x + 5
16
14
12
10
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x

b i x = 0.3 and 11 a
x = −3.3 y
ii x = −0.45 21
and
x = −4.55 20
8 a y = 3
b y = 2 19
c y = −3x
d y = x+6 18
9 a y = 0
1 17
b y = −2
c y = −6x
d y = −412x 16
10 a x2 + 6x − 2 = 0
b x3 − 4x − 1 = 0 15
c x2 − 6x + 6 = 0
d 2x2 − 4x = 0 14
13
12
11
10
3
20
y= x
2
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 x

b i x = 3.58
ii x = 2.76 and x = 7.24
iii x = 4.47
y
12 a 18
16
y = 2x
14
12
10
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
b i x = 2.8
ii x = 1 and x = 2
iii x = 1
c 21.5 = 2.8

13 a x −3 −2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
y 27 15.6 9 5.2 3 1.7 1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1
b y
28
26
y = 3–x
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 x
c i x = −1.46
ii x = −1.89
iii x = −2.77
14 a 1 solution
b 3 solutions
c 2 solutions
d 1 solution

1 a i x = 1.56 and x = −2.56
ii x = 1.41 and x = −1.41
b x2 + 2x − 1 = 0

2 y
16
14
12
y = x2 – 5x
10
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–2
–4
–6
–8
a x = −0.7 and x = 5.7
b x = 0 and x = 6
c x = 3.7 and x = 0.3
3 a y=2
b y=x−2
c y = −4x + 1
4 a y = 3
b y = 2x
c y = 5
d y = 2x + 1
5 a 1 solution
b 2 solutions
c 2 solutions
d 2 solutions
e 3 solutions
Examination questions (page 307)

1 a x = 0.25 and x = 1.85
b x = –1.73, x = 0 and x = 1.73 (straight line required is y = 1 – x)

2 a y 3 a i 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11
6 ii −2, −3, −4, −5 and −6
y = x2 + 2x – 2 iii −4, −3, −2, −1 and 0
5 iv 0, −1, −2, −3 and −4
b i −3, −2, −1, 0, 1 and 2
4 ii 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
iii −5
3
iv −2, −1, 0 and 1
4 a a < 12
2 b a≤4
c a<6
1 d a≥3
e 4<a<8
O
5 a
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 x
–1 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
b
–2
–3 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
c
–4
b x = –3.3 and x = 0.3 (straight line –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
required is y = –x – 1) d
Chapter 30 Inequalities –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Exercise 30.1 (page 310) e
1 a true –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
b false
f
c true
d false
e false –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f true 6 a
g true
h true
i true –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
2 a 5 or 4 or 3 … b
b −2 or −3 or −4 …
c −4 or −3 or −2 …
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
d 10 or 11 or 12 …
e 20 or 19 or 18 … c
f −6 or −5 or −4 …
g 5 or 6 or 7 … –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
h −5 or −6 or −7 …
i −2 or −1 or 0 …

d 11 x < −2 2 y
5
1
12 t < 172 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 3
13 x ≥ 14
e 2
R
14 a > 1 1
1
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 15 m > −2 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
f y = –2
16 x > 10 –2
5 –3
17 k > −6 –4
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
18 x < 2
7 a x>2 3 y
1 5
b x≤7 19 a ≤ 24 x=0
c −1 < x < 3 4
d −1 ≤ x < 3 20 x > −24 3
e x<8 21 2 ≤ n < 4; integer solutions R
2
f −3 < x ≤ 0 are 2 and 3 1
8 a 6 22 −1 < n < 1; integer –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x

b 4 solution is 0 –1
c 2 –2
23 −4 < n < 6; integer
d −2 solutions are −3, −2, −1, 0,
–3
e 3 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 –4
9 1 < x < 7 and 2 ≤ x ≤ 6 24 a ≤ −1 and a > 1 4 y

are two examples. 5
25 a ≤ 3 and a ≥ 4 x = –1 x=3
4
10 2 ≤ x < 4 1
26 width < 52 cm 3
2
Exercise 30.2 (page 315) 27 x < 3.8 R
1
1 x>5 28 £23.99
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
2 x<4
3 x ≤ 12 –3
1 y
4 t>6 5 –4
x=4
5 a≤2 4 y
5
3 6
6 x<2 x+y=6
2 5
3 R R
7 n ≤ −14 1 4
3
8 p<2 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1 2
9 x<3 –2 1
–3
10 x ≤ 114 –3 –2 –1O
–1
1 2 3 4 5 6x
–4
–2
–3

6 10 y
y
5
4
2x – y = 6 4
3 R
3
2
R 2
1 5y – 2x = 0
1
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–1 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3x
–1
–2
–2
–3
–3
–4
–4
–5
–5
–6
11 y
–7 5
7 y 4
5
y=x 3 3y – x = 9
4
R 2
3 R
1
2
1 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x
–1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –2
–1
–3
–2
–4
–3
–5
–4
12 y
8 y 5
5 y = 2x
y = 3x + 1 4
4
3
3 R
2
2
R 1
1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –1
–1
–2
–2
–3
–3
–4
–4
–5
–5
y 13 y
9 5
6
5 4
2x + 3y = 12 3
4 R
3 2
2 1
R
1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x
–1
–2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x –2 x + 4y = –8
–1
–2 –3
–3 –4
–4 –5
14 y 2 y
5 5
4 4
y = 3x – 4
3 3
y=3
2 2
R
1 1
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
–1 –1
–2 –2
R
–3 –3
x=6
–4 –4
–5
3 y
15 y 7
5 x+y=6
6
4 4x + 5y = 20
5
3 4
R
2 3
1 2
R
1
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x y=0
–1
–2 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
–1
–3 –2
–4 –3
–5 –4
x=0
–5
4 y
1 y 7
7 x=4
6
6 3x + y = 6
5
5
4
4 R
3
3 y=2
2
2
R 1
1
y=0
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x –1
–1
–2
–2
3x + 2y = 12 –3
–3
–4
–4
x=0
–5

5 8 y
y
5
6 x = –5
4
5 y=x+1
3
4
2
3 y = 12 x – 2
1
2
1 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–1
y = –1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x –2
–1 R
R –3
–2
–4
–3
x=2 –5
–4
y = 2x + 1
–5 9 y
y 7
6 5
6
4
5
3
x+y=2 4
2
3
1 R
R 2
y=1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x 1
–1
–2 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
–1
–3 x+y=5
x = –1 –2
–4
–3
y – 2x = 0
7 y –4
7
6
2x + y = 6 10 y
5
2x + 3y = 6
5 4
4 3 R
y=4 R
3 2 y = 3x
2 1
1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–1 –2
–2 –3
–3 x=3
y=x –4
–4
–5
1 y ≤ 3 and x ≥ −1
2 x ≤ 3, y ≥ 0 and y ≤ x + 1
3 y < 4 and y ≤ 2x
4 y ≤ 2, y ≤ x, y > x − 2 and y + x ≥ −2
1
5 y ≥ 1, x ≥ −3 and y < −2x + 2

6 y ≥ 2, x ≤ 4, y ≥ −x + 3 b y
3 5
and y ≤ 4x + 3 4
3
1
1 (5, 6), maximum 17
2 (2, 4), minimum 4 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
3 (4, 7), maximum 11 –2
R
–3
4 (3, 2), minimum 9 2x + 3y = 8
–4
5 (6, 5), maximum 13
6 (2, 6), maximum 2 c y
4
3
2
1 −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2 and 3 1
2 a –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 –2
4y – x <– 4 R
b –3
–4
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2
9 y
3 a x > −8 20
b −1 ≤ x < 3 18
1 16
4 a x< 22
14
1
b x< 32 12
y = 10 R
1 10
c a≥ −72
8
d p>6 6
5 1 ≤ n ≤ 4; integer solutions are 1, 2, 3 and 4 4
2
6 k ≤ −3 and k ≥ 1
7 £241 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–2
y = 2x + 10 x=3
8 a y –4
4
3
2
1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
y = –1
–2
R
–3

y
10 14
y = 2x + 1
12
10 x=y
4
R
–2 O 2 4 6 8 10 x
y=8–x
–2
11 y ≥ 0, x < 3, y ≥ −x and y ≤ 13x + 4

12 (4, 4), maximum 8
13 (4, 2), minimum 10

1 5, 6, 7, 8
2
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
y
3 ab
15
14
13 y = 2x + 1
12
11
10
9
8
R
7
6
5
4
3
y=2
2
1
–3 –2 –2O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
–1
–2
–3
x=6
–4
31 Angles in circles Exercise 31.5 (page 333) 8 a BDE = 126°
b ECB = 108°
1 a = 74° c CEB = 36°
2 b = 35° 9 a EAB = 48°
5 b OMP = 90° b ECB = 96°
3 c = 38°, d = 38°
6 e angle POQ = 2 × c CEB = 42°
angle PRQ 4 e = 52°, f = 26°
10 a ADB = 24°
7 e all equal 5 g = 77°, h = 154° b ACB = 48°
8 d both angles 90° 6 i = 46°, j = 29°, k = 105° c CAB = 66°
9 c ii 180° 11 a TAB = 32°
Exercise 31.6 (page 334) b ACB = 64°
d ii 180°
1 a 46°
c CAB = 58°
10 d 90°
b 23°
11 e both equal c 23° Summary exercise 31
d 67° (page 335)
2 a AED = 24° 2 a = 312°, b = 24°, c = 48°
1 28° b CAD = 66°
c DAB = 24° 3 d = 63°, e = 30°
2 162°
d ABC = 42° 4 f = 58°, g = 58°, h = 64°
3 c = 18°, d = 70°, e = 70° e ADB = 114°
5 i = 106°, j = 74°, k = 106°
4 f = 55°, g = 45°, h = 45° 3 a DCA = 28°
b CAD = 76° 6 m = 15°, n = 20°
5 i = 96°, j = 264°, k = 132°
c DAB = 14° 7 a = 56°, b = 62°, c = 28°
6 l = 58°, m = 39°, n = 83° d ADB = 104°
e ABD = 62° 8 f = 122°, g = 61°
Exercise 31.3 (page 331) 9 TRS + QRS = 180°
4 a CAD = 73°
1 a = 116°, b = 65° b ACD = 34° QPS + QRS = 180°
c AED = 17° ∴ TRS = QPS
2 c = 127°, d = 106° d DAB = 17°
3 e = 48°, f = 118° e DBA = 56° Examination questions
4 g = 65°, h = 65°, i = 115° 5 a CAD = 69° (page 336)
b ACD = 42°
5 j = 46°, k = 92° 1 Angle ROP = 2x
c AED = 21°
6 l = 29°, m = 151° Reflex ROP = 2y
d ADB = 111°
2x + 2y = 360º
e ABD = 48° x + y = 180º
Exercise 31.4 (page 332) 6 a ACB = 142°
2 a OAB = 37º
1 a = 36°, b = 108°, c = 54° b CAB = 19°
b ATB = 74º
c BAT = 71°
2 d = 46°, e = 67°, f = 23° c CAO = 31º
d ATB = 38°
3 g = 26°, h = 52°, i = 26° e CBD = 35.5°
32 Polygons
4 j = 122°, k = 61° 7 a ADB = 58°
b CAB = 32° Exercise 32.1 (page 338)
5 l = 74°, m = 106° c BAT = 58°
6 n = 108°, p = 36°, q = 54°, d ATB = 64° 1 a = 26°, b = 71°, c = 79°,
r = 54° e CBD = 29° d = 96°, e = 88°, f = 92°
2 a = 122°, b = 119°, Exercise 32.4 (page 341) 12 2700°
c = 123°, d = 121°,
e = 117°, f = 118°, g = 62° 1 a POQ = 72° 13 3240°
3 a = 66°, b = 117°, b OPQ = 54° 14 27 sides

c = 55°, d = 122°, e = 86°, c QRS = 108° 15 43 sides
f = 148°, g = 32° 2 a FOE = 60°
16 103°
4 a = 38°, b = 139°, b FEO = 60°
c = 48°, d = 132°, e = 33°, c equilateral 17 32°
f = 137°, g = 41°, h = 68°, d CBA = 120° 18 a 54°
i = 112° 3 12 sides b 243°
4 20 sides 19 x = 59°; angles are 75°,
Exercise 32.2 (page 339) 35°, 133°, 108°, 189°
5 24°
1 a pentagon 20 a AOD = 144°
b octagon 6 14.4° b FCO = 126°
c nonagon 360
7 a 21 16 sides
2 120° n
360 22 7.2°
3 135° b n
4 162° 360 Examination questions
c 180 − n (page 343)
5 165°
8 a 180 − x
6 5 sides 1 a 360 ÷ 40 = 9 sides
b x
7 10 sides 2 a 108º
Summary exercise 32 b 10
8 360 ÷ 14 is not a whole
(page 342)
number 33 Pythagoras and
9 8 sides 1 a = 74, b = 107°, c = 113°, trigonometry
d = 70°, e = 104°, f = 76°
10 The sum of the angles =
90 + 120 + 135 = 345° 2 a = 57°, b = 126°, Exercise 33.1 (page 345)
and not 360° c = 119°, d = 116°,
e = 62°, f = 118°, g = 62° 1 r 2 = p2 + q2
Exercise 32.3 (page 341) p2 = r 2 − q2
3 a hexagon
b heptagon q2 = r 2 − p2
1 900°
c decagon 2 y2 = x2 + z2
2 3060° x2 = y2 − z2
4 108°
3 13 sides z2 = y2 − x2
5 140°
4 38 sides 3 m2 = l 2 + n2
6 156° l 2 = m2 − n2
5 82°
7 8 sides n2 = m2 − l 2
6 111°
8 36 sides
7 23° Exercise 33.2 (page 346)
9 20 sides
8 126° 1 2.5 cm
10 360 ÷ 50 is not a whole
9 54°, 108°, 108°, 108°, 162° number 2 41 cm
10 30° 11 12 sides 3 19.5 cm
4 8.60 cm Exercise 33.7 (page 352) 6 a 39°
b 11 m
5 8.54 cm 1 4.45 cm
6 13.6 cm 2 29.2 cm Exercise 33.10 (page 358)
Exercise 33.3 (page 347) 3 2.44 cm 1 a 5.97 cm
4 19.9 cm b 6.26 cm
1 15 cm c 17.7°
5 4.92 cm
2 5.60 cm 2 a 25 cm
6 2.89 cm b 23.7 cm
3 10 cm
c 69.2 cm
4 16.0 cm Exercise 33.8 (page 353) 3 a 52.5°
5 2.95 cm 1 63.4° b 3.65 cm
6 14.4 cm c 1.33 cm
2 16.6°
4 a 10.6 cm
Exercise 33.4 (page 348) 3 36.9° b 21.2 cm
4 26.4° c 40.3°
1 7.75 cm d 13.5 cm
5 29.7°
2 31.2 km 5 a 42.6 cm
6 68.0° b 77.2 cm
3 0.0862 m
7 2.38 cm c 75.7 cm
4 9.85 cm
8 3.99 cm 6 a 19.8 cm
5 2.83 cm b 37.9 cm
9 74.1°
6 5.59 cm c 31.8 cm
10 3.17 cm
7 a 34.7 cm
Exercise 33.5 (page 349) 11 10.9 cm b 38.9°
5 12 36.9° c 44.6 cm
1 tan x = 4
13 2.29 cm 8 a 15.8 cm
2 cos x = 25 b 22.9 cm
4 14 6.49 cm c 20.9 cm
3 tan x = 7
15 19.5°
4 cos x =
7
16 4.88 cm Summary exercise 33
10
(page 359)
2
5 tan x = 5 Exercise 33.9 (page 356) 1 4 cm
4
6 sin x = 1 a 14 km
9 2 76.8 cm
b 126°
3 160 km
Exercise 33.6 (page 351) 2 a 4.1 cm
b 8.8 cm 4 0.94 m
1 4.50 cm
3 a 8.90 cm 5 7.30 cm
2 9.10 cm
b 13.8 cm 6 68.7°
3 19.3 cm
4 a 1200 m 7 a 68.0 cm
4 13.9 cm b 1500 m b 129 cm
5 3.24 cm 5 a 120 m 8 a 4.29 km west from B
6 2.80 cm b 165 m b 3.60 km north from B
9 a 34.4 cm 6 corresponding angles Exercise 34.4 (page 367)
b 32.4 cm are equal, ratios of sides
c 53.8 cm = 1.4 1 P = P (common angles),
T = R (corresponding
10 a 17.2 cm 7 corresponding angles are angles), S = Q
b 31.4 cm equal, ratios of sides = 0.8 (corresponding angles)
c 27.6 cm 8 same shape – all radii the 2 P = Y (alternate angles),
same so all corresponding Q = X (alternate angles),
Examination questions measurements are in the POQ = YOX (vertically
(page 360) same ratio opposite angles)
9 a corresponding angles
1 area = 12 × (unknown side) are equal and all sides
3 AOD = BOC (vertically
× 7.5 opposite angles), DAO =
are equal in length OCB (alternate angles),
unknown side = b the ratio of the ADO = OBC (alternate
(8.5² – 7.5²) = 16 = 4 m corresponding sides angles)
1 can be different, e.g. a
area = 2 × 4 × 7.5 = 15 m² 7 by 5 rectangle is not 4 COD = FOE (vertically
similar to a 6 by opposite angles), C = F
2 a i AC = (4² – 1.2²) 9 rectangle (alternate angles), D = E
= 14.56 (alternate angles)
= 3.8 metres Exercise 34.2 (page 364) 5 ratios all 1.25
ii sin xº = 0.3
x = 17.5 1 x = 12 cm, y = 3.5 cm 6 ratios all 2.125
b height = 4 cos 65º 2 x = 6.8 cm, y = 5.2 cm
= 1.69 … → Exercise 34.5 (page 369)
1.7 metres 3 x = 1.38 cm, y = 7.4 cm
1 a 2.8 cm
1
3 OB = 2 (9.6² × 2) 4 x = 21.6 cm, y = 8.5 cm b 4 cm
= 6.8 (6.788…) cm 5 x = 7.2 cm, y = 6.2 cm 2 a 19 cm
angle HBO
6 x = 13 cm, y = 1.1 cm b 16.5 cm
= tan−1 (14.5/6.788…)
= 65º (64.91…) 3 a 12 cm
Exercise 34.3 (page 366) b 1.68 cm
34 Similarity 1 corresponding angles A 4 a 10 cm
and D, B and F, E and C b 2.88 cm
PQ PR QR 5 a 9.6 cm
2 = = = 1.25
1 corresponding angles are XY XZ YZ b 7.2 cm
equal, ratios of sides = 1.4 3 corresponding angles C 6 a 7 cm
2 corresponding angles are and J, B and K, D and H b 3.2 cm
equal, ratios of sides = 1.5 UW VW VU
4 MN = LN = LM = 1.15 7 a corresponding angles
3 corresponding angles are A and E, B and F, C
equal, ratios of sides = 1.2 5 corresponding angles ACB and D
and DCE, BAC and DEC, b i AC = 4.8 cm
4 corresponding angles are
5 ABC and CDE ii DF = 7.84 cm
equal, ratios of sides = 3
YZ XZ XY 8 a corresponding angles
5 corresponding angles are 6 AC = AC = AB = 0.7 G and L, H and J, I
equal, ratios of sides = 2.5 and K

b i GI = 5.8 cm 6 a triangles have three Exercise 35.3 (page 378)
ii JL = 5.46 cm equal angles
b i 9.4 cm 1 6.38 cm
Exercise 34.6 (page 371) ii 11.18 cm 2 5.65 cm
7 a triangles have three 3 5.04 cm
1 a 2:5 equal angles
b 8 : 125 b i 1.96 cm 4 10.2 cm
2 a 3:7 ii 4.2 cm 5 7.56 cm
b 27 : 343
8 a 1504 cm2 6 4.26 cm
3 a 2:3 b 7020 cm3
b 4:9
9 a 1.52 cm Exercise 35.4 (page 379)
4 a 3:8 b 48 234.375 cm3
b 27 : 512 1 58.8°
10 a 6 : 7
5 a 3:2 b 36 : 49 2 116.2°
b 27 : 8 3 60.1°
6 a 130.5 cm2 Examination questions
4 87.7°
b 76 cm3 (page 373)
AX 5 60.7°
7 a 13.6 cm 6
1 8.5 = 10
b 445.5 cm2 6 73.7°
8 a 19 cm AX = 6 × 8.5 ÷ 10
b 1120 cm3 AX = 5.1 cm Exercise 35.5 (page 381)
1 5.47 cm2
9 a 86.4 cm2 Chapter 35 Trig rules
b 4000 cm3 2 89.4 cm2
10 a 7.4 cm Exercise 35.1 (page 375) 3 23.9 cm2
b 202.5 cm2
1 14.3 cm 4 16.6 cm2
Summary exercise 34 2 6.64 cm 5 14.0 cm2
(page 372) 3 4.77 cm 6 31.5 cm2
1 triangles have three equal 4 3.56 cm 7 8 cm
angles; ratio of sides = 1.2
5 7.16 cm 8 4.76 cm
2 x = 15.36 cm, y = 14 cm
6 3.64 cm 9 56.4°
3 corresponding angles are
equal; ratios of sides are 10 19.5°
XZ YZ XY
RP = QP = RQ 1 43.4° Exercise 35.6 (page 381)
EF DE DF 2 49.2° 1 a 3.49 cm
4 AB = AC = BC = 0.9;
b 14.3 cm2
corresponding angles are A 3 73.6°
and E, B and F, C and D 2 a 86°
4 45.8°
LM LN MN
b 8.33 cm
5 QP = QN = PN 5 94.2° c 18.5 cm2
6 50.7°

3 a 74.3° 4.92 = 6.82 + 7.9772 – 2 × Exercise 36.3 (page 388)
b 45 cm2 6.8 × 7.977 × cos DBC
cos DBC = 1 a 56.5 cm
4 a 10.8 km b 107 cm
6.82 + 7.9772 – 4.92
b 171.2° c 19.5 cm
2
5 12.8 m × 6.8 × 7.977 d 9.8 cm
= 37.676… → 37.7° e 15.7 cm
6 a 7.26 cm
f 34.6 cm
b 51.8 cm2
Chapter 36 g 17.2 cm
7 a 19.66 cm h 157 cm
b 22.6 cm2 Perimeter, area and i 352 cm
volume 1 2 a 10.8 cm
Summary exercise 35 b 3.06 cm
(page 382) Exercise 36.1 (page 386) c 8.91 cm
1 a 64 cm d 15.9 cm
1 7.92 cm e 52.8 cm
b 76 cm2
2 44.2 cm 3 a 7.63 cm
2 a 40 cm
3 98.6° b 76 cm2 b 0.40 cm
c 1.34 cm
4 38.3° 3 a 100 cm d 5.57 cm
5 27.2 cm2 b 216 cm2 e 14.3 cm
6 50° 4 a 86 cm
b 174 cm2 Exercise 36.4 (page 389)
7 19.5°
5 a 95 cm 1 11.8 cm
8 a 7.52 km b 264 cm2
b 188.3° 2 165 cm
6 a 76 cm
9 10.1 m b 180 cm2 3 29.8 cm
10 a 3.09 cm 4 231 cm
b 2.49 cm2 Exercise 36.2 (page 387)
5 2.86 cm
1 a 20π
Examination questions 6 28.6 cm
b 12π
(page 383) c 5.6π 7 33.6 cm
140 LT d 52π
8 71.4 cm
1 a sin 23° = sin 126° 3
e 55π
LT = 289.87 → 9 a 36.9 cm
f 18π
290 metres b 33.3 cm
TB 2 a 15 cm c 46.8 cm
b sin 31º = 290 m or b 28 cm d 59.4 cm
TB c 6.8 cm
cos 59º = 290 m d 32 cm Exercise 36.5 (page 391)
3
TB = 149 m 3 a 18 cm 1 129 cm2
BD 9.5 b 4.5 cm
2 sin 53° = sin 72° c 4.2 cm 2 150 cm2
BD = 7.977... cm d 13 cm 3 23.1 cm2
8

4 3.91 cm Exercise 36.8 (page 395) Exercise 36.10
5 1.38 cm (page 398)
1 a 232 cm2
6 26.2 cm b 224 cm3 1 a 90 500 cm3
7 a 1.69 cm 2 a 758 cm2 b 7540 cm2
b 10.6 cm b 1386 cm3 c 9350 cm2
8 a 14.9 cm 3 a 162.78 cm2 2 a 4630 cm3
b 93.8 cm b 133.38 cm3 b 965 cm2
c 1540 cm2
9 0.716 cm2 4 a 4.7 cm
b 124.6 cm2 3 a 693 cm3
10 682 cm2 b 330 cm2
5 a 6.4 cm
b 390.4 cm2 4 2800 cm3
6 a 14 cm 5 92 800 cm3
1 190 cm2 b 1288 cm2 6 1200 cm3
2 6.28 cm2 7 a 4.2 cm 7 82.4 cm2
3 2150 cm2 b 71.82 cm3
8 a 792 cm3
4 37.7 cm2 8 a 21 cm b 892 cm2
b 11 760 cm3
5 573 cm2 9 a 302 cm3
9 a 5 cm b 506 cm2
6 6360 cm2 b 750 cm3
7 22.9 cm2 10 a 28 cm
10 a = 72x2 and V = 36x3 so b 36 cm
8 1020 cm2 2V
A= x
9 a 30.5 cm2 Summary exercise 36
b 54.9 cm2
Exercise 36.9 (page 396) (page 399)
c 64.6 cm2
d 196 cm2 1 a 55.9 cm
1 19 800 cm3
b 249 cm2
2 294 cm3
Exercise 36.7 (page 393) 2 336 cm2
3 18.2 cm
1 a 36 cm2 3 a 6.94 cm
b 39.48 cm2 4 13 cm2 b 2.86 cm2
c 384 cm2 5 9.6 cm 4 198 cm2
d 499.2 cm2
6 88 cm2 5 33.36 cm2
2 a 34.72 cm2
7 a 1890 cm3 6 a 39.36 cm2
b 38.27 cm2
b 1368 cm2 b 15.12 cm3
c 975 cm2
d 52.185 cm2 8 a 3800 cm3 7 a 2880 cm2
b 1779 cm2 b 5376 cm3
3 4.5 cm
9 a 7200 cm3 8 a 2930 cm3
4 13.6 cm
b 3840 cm2 b 697 cm2
5 9.5 cm c 919 cm2
10 a 23 040 cm3
6 3.36 cm b 5840 cm2 9 993 cm3

10 a 6.76 cm Exercise 37.2 (page 405) 7 70 cm2
b 8.81 cm 8 40.3 cm2
1 3310 cm3
Examination questions 9 205 cm3
2 251 cm2
(page 400) 3 109 cm3
10 85.4 cm2
1
1 a 2 (0.8
+ 2.4)(1.2) 4 1960 cm2 Exercise 37.5 (page 410)
= 1.92 m2 5 44.8 cm2
b 1.92 × 4 = 7.68 m3 1 a 207 cm3
6 86.9 cm3 b 210 cm2
2 a π(2.5)² = 19.634… 2 2πr 3
appropriate degree of 7 A = 4πr 2 and V = 2 a 23.2 cm3
3 b 59.3 cm2
accuracy 19.6 or 20 m²
b π(4)² – 19.634… V 2 2πr 3
So A = ÷ 4πr 2 3 45 spheres
= 50.2 – 19.6… 3
= 30.6 or 50 – 20 2r 4 148 cm3
= 30 m² = 5 a 50.3 cm3
6
3 πdh = π(8 × 13) = 352 b 68.6 cm2
(351.858…) cm² Exercise 37.3 (page 408)
6 87 cm3
4 a π × 1.8² = 10.18 1 545 cm3 7 1810 cm3
(10.1828) m²
b 10.18 × 0.45 = 4.58 2 240 cm3
(4.582…) m3 3 462 cm3
4 139.5 cm3 1 a 10.1 cm
37 Perimeter, area b 45.2 cm2
5 484.5 cm3
and volume 2 2 a 15.7 cm
6 10.6 cm3 b 56.5 cm2
Exercise 37.1 (page 404) 7 252 cm3 3 a 3.13 cm
1 a 226 cm2 8 1054 cm3 b 10 cm2
b 290 cm2 9 1332 cm3 4 a 57.2 cm
c 326 cm3 b 572 cm2
10 1947 cm3
2 a 234 cm2 5 a 31.8 cm
b 326 cm2 b 556 cm2
c 388 cm3 Exercise 37.4 (page 409)
6 a 17.1 cm
3 a 96 cm2 1 a 3630 cm2 b 120 cm2
b 134 cm2 b 20 600 cm3
c 103 cm3 2 a 266 cm2 Exercise 37.7 (page 413)
4 a 416 cm2 b 408 cm3
b 612 cm2 1 a 49.1°
3 a 5540 cm2 b 10.3 cm2
c 967 cm3 b 38 800 cm3
5 a 70.9 cm2 2 a 6.42 cm
4 a 33 900 cm2 b 8.40 cm
b 91.6 cm2 b 452 000 cm3
c 58.1 cm3 3 a 8.56 cm
5 a 339 cm2 b 55.6 cm2
6 a 1630 cm2 b 452 cm3
b 2710 cm2 4 a 20.1°
c 7530 cm3 6 72.8 cm3 b 25.3 cm2

5 a 75.5° 6 length volume of toy = 754
b 8.43 cm (753.98…) cm3
7 area
106
6 240 cm2 2 a × π × 1.5² = 2.08
8 none of these 360
7 4.72 cm (2.081…) m²
9 area
8 9.21 cm2 b Area of triangle =
10 none of these 1
9 16.5 cm 2
(1.5²) sin 106° = 1.08 m²
11 length Area of mahogany =
πxt πxt 2
10 180 : 360 = 2 : t 12 none of these 2.08 – 1.08 = 1.0 m²
13 volume 8 DE
Exercise 37.8 (page 415) 3 a 16= 7
14 area DE = 3.5 cm
1 9.97 cm, 1.30 cm2
2 7.43 cm, 0.958 cm2 Summary exercise 37 b (13π × 8² × 16) –
3 8.35 cm, 0.607 cm2
(page 418) (13π × 3.5² × 7)
4 7.01 cm, 1.47 cm2 1 a 70 cm = 1072.33…
b 91.1 cm2 – 89.797…
5 0.778 cm, 14.1 cm2 c 57.6 cm3 = 983 (982.533…) cm3
6 0.0894 cm, 2.66 cm2 2 65.9 cm2 4 volume, length, area
Exercise 37.9 (page 416) 3 a 302 cm2
b 493 cm3 38 Constructions,
1 length 4 63.5 cm3 loci, plans and
2 area 5 a 62.9 cm3 elevations
3 area b 80.1 cm2
4 volume 6 217
7 a 2.5 cm All other answers are
5 area constructions.
b 3.46 cm2
6 length 9 b i 72.4 km
8 a 34.6°
7 volume b 7.85 cm ii 037
8 area 9 5.59 cm, 0.352 cm2 Exercise 38.2 (page 425)
9 volume 10 in order: length, volume,
These are all constructions; no
10 volume none of these, length, none
answers supplied.
of these, volume, area
Exercise 37.10 (page 418) Exercise 38.3 (page 427)
1 length (page 420) These are all constructions; no
2 area answers supplied.
3 volume
1 volume of cone = (13)π ×
6² × 8 = 301.59… cm3
4 volume volume of hemisphere =
5 none of these ()
2
3
π × 6³ = 452.38… cm3

1 a b c
2
a b c
3
a b c
4
a b c
5 a b c
6 a b c

4 b i 20.7 km
ii 217°

10 3 5 hours
a b c 4 8 hours
5 62 km/h
6 8 hours
7 8 hours
8 216 miles
9 7 hours
10 53 km/h
1
1 119 miles
Plan
2 30 km/h
5m
3 4 h 15 min
6m 4 210 miles
20 m 10 m S
5 3 h 40 min
10 m 6 7 h 32 min
5m 7 65 km/h
20 m 8 198 miles
9 45 km/h
F
10 355 miles
2 ab
1 56 mph
6 cm
2 39 miles
3 15.25
4 152 miles
A B
5 55 mph
6 10.55
7 55 miles
8 65 mph
9 22.37
Chapter 39 Compound measures 10 76 miles
Exercise 39.1 (page 434) Exercise 39.4 (page 439)

1 301 miles 1 38 mph
2 47 km/h 2 26 mph

3 23 mph 3 £27.56/m2 5 4500 mm, 5500 mm
4 48 mph 4 56 250 000 people 6 57.5 cm2, 58.5 cm2
5 42 mph 5 2.5 kg 7 395 ml, 405 ml
6 40 mph 6 147 ml of concentrate 8 4950 mg, 5050 mg
7 12 mph 7 24.5 people/km2 9 58.5 ml, 59.5 ml
8 15 mph 8 £9.48 per book 10 5.9995 km, 6.0005 km
9 36 mph 9 3.4 m
10 42.8 mph 10 180 000 km2
1 a 21.8 cm
Exercise 39.5 (page 440) Summary exercise 39 b 30.3125 cm2
1 18 km/h (page 443) 2 5.85 to 5.92 cm
2 15 m/s 1 93 km/h 3 a 29.8 cm
b 73.9 cm2
3 72 km/h 2 3 h 48 min
4 13 125 to 39 375 cm3
4 4 m/s 3 425 miles
5 50.9 to 56.4 mph
5 28.8 km/h 4 02.28
6 4.78 to 4.97 g/cm3
6 7 m/s 5 48 mph
7 4.05 to 5.26 cm
7 162 km/h 6 a 144 km/h
b 2.5 m/s 8 a 9.32 cm
8 60 m/s
b 20.6 cm2
9 10.8 km/h 7 a 105 miles
b 12.54 9 a 6.75 cm
10 35 m/s b 1596 cm3
8 3.2 cm
10 3.43 to 3.69 cm2
Exercise 39.6 (page 441) 9 180 people/km2
1 5.6 g/cm3 10 330 000 km2 Exercise 40.3 (page 449)
2 34.2 g 1 a i 128
Examination question
3 16 cm3 ii 1.42
(page 443) b i 3858.75
4 8.4 g/cm3 ii 20
1 a 24 ÷ 2 = 12 km/h
5 181.7 g (must include units) 2 a i 23.681 525
6 16.5 g/cm3 b Bicycle, with suitable ii 0.59
reason given. b i 9.73
7 6 cm ii 1.12
8 2704 g Chapter 40 Bounds 3 a i 13.9
9 54 cm3 ii 2.33
Exercise 40.1 (page 445) b i 39.6325
10 14 g/cm3
1 47.5 kg, 48.5 kg ii 3.09
iii 5.3
Exercise 39.7 (page 442) 2 5.25 cm, 5.35 cm
4 a i 81 250
1 £1785 3 4.275 ml, 4.285 ml ii 15.8
2 128 people/km2 4 35 s, 45 s iii 175

b i 65 10 a i 7600
ii 22 500 ii 8 692 500
iii 1.26 iii 8 122 500
iv 0.462 iv 1600
5 a i 8.5 v 1.11
ii 3.5775 b i 12 237 500
iii 1.8225 ii 5700
iv 2.29 iii 54.3
v 1.4 iv 100
vi 6.8 v 0.604
vii 0.243
b i 7.1875 Examination questions (page 451)
ii 3.8
iii 1.60 1 12.05 × 2.05 = 145.2 cm2
iv 4.4 2 d = 23.05 + 25.55 + (18.65 × 3) = 104.6
v 0.472
vi 10.9
3 tan−1 ( )
79.5
125
vii 2.30 = 32.5º
4 least = 9 × 6.5 = 58.5 cm
Summary exercise 40 (page 450) greatest = 9 × 7.5 = 67.5 cm
1 56.5 cm, 57.5 cm; 415 mm, 425 mm; 4950 h,
5050 h; 8.455 m, 8.465 m; 5.75 litres, Chapter 41 Transformations
5.85 litres; 5.1965 g, 5.1975 g
2 a 206.25 cm2 Exercise 41.1 (page 453)
b 178.25 cm2 1 y B
4
3 a 10.5 to 13.5 cm
3
b 4.375 to 7.875 cm2
2
4 5.20 to 6.43 cm 1 A C
5 a 161.878 625 cm3
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x
b 171.735 cm2 –1 A' C'
6 a 1.48 h to 1.52 h –2
b 1 h 28.8 min to 1 h 31.2 min –3
–4
7 67.186 25 to 67.790 25 g B'
8 6.3640 and 6.6136 cm 2 y

4
9 a i 38.8575 E E'
3
ii 61.6225
iii 3 D 2 D'
b i 12.6 1
ii 2.20
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x
iii 1.57 –1
F' F
–2
–3
–4

3 y 6 Ry
5 4
x=1
4 3
3 Q 2
2 1 S
I I'
1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x
–1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x F'
H –1 H' –2
y = –3
–2 –3
G G'
–3 –4
–4 –5
–5 –6
–7 S'
4 y K' Q'
8 –8
7 –9
6 L' –10
R'
5 J'
4
7 y U
7 y=x
3 6
y=2
2 5 T
1 4 V'
3 U'
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x
–1 J 2
–2 L V T'
1
–3
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
–4
K
8 y
5 6
N' y N y = –x
6 5
x = –2
5 4 Z'
Y'
4 3
M' 3 M 2
2 1
P' P X'
1
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–1
–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x Y –2
X
–3
–4
–5
Z
–6

Exercise 41.2 (page 454) 5 y A'
7
1 y 6 C'
5 A'
5
4 B'
4
3 y=3
3
2
C 2
1 B' B
1
O C
1 2 3 4 5x O
–1 B 1 2 3 4 5x
C' –1 A
–2
–3 6 y
–4 O
1 2 3 4 5 6x
–5 A –1
B'
–2
2 y
1 –3 A C'
C x = –1 C' B
–4
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x A'
–1 –5
A –2 A' –6 C y = –x
–3
B
–4
B'
–5
1 reflection in y = x
3 y
6 2 reflection in x-axis (y = 0)
A' y=x
5 3 reflection in y = −1
C'
4
3
4 reflection in y = −x
2
B'
1
1 y
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x 5
–1 C B
4
–2
3
–3 B
2
–4
A 1 A C
–5
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
C' A' –1
4 y –2
1
–3
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x B'
–4
–1
–5
–2
B' B
–3
C
–4
C'
A' –5 A

2 6
Ey D' y Q'
3 7
D 2 6
R'
1 E' 5 S'
R 4
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3x
–1 F 3
–2 Q 2
F'
–3 1 S
y –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x
3 3
2 7 y U
I 7
1
I' 6
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x 5 T
H –1
G' 4
–2 V'
G 3
–3 U'
H' 2
–4 V
1
–5 T'
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4x
4 y
9
K' 8 y
8 Z'
4
7
Y' 3
L' 6
2
5
J' 1
4 X'
3 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O x
–1
2 Y
–2
1
–3
X
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x –4
–1 J
Z –5
–2 L
–3
–4
K
–5 1 y A'
–6 5
4
5 y 3
6 N B
P' 2
5 A 1 B'
4
N'
3 M –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1 C
2 C'
M' P
1
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5x

2 y 6 y C
2 6
A
1 5
B C' 4 B
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1 C 3 A
–2 A' 2
–3 1
–4 O
B' 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–5 –1
B'
–2
3 y
–3 C'
A' 5
C'
4 –4
3 –5
C A'
2
B'
1
B Exercise 41.6 (page 458)
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O x
A
–1 1 90° clockwise rotation about (0, 1)
2 90° clockwise rotation about (1, 1)
4 y
2 3 90° anti-clockwise rotation about O
1
A 4 90° anti-clockwise rotation about (−1, −1)
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2x
B –1 Exercise 41.7 (page 459)
–2
B'
C
–3 1 y B
4
–4 C' B'
3
A' –5
2
5 y 1 A
C C'
7 A'
O 1 2 A'
3 4 5 6x
6 C'
5
B' 2 y
4 E'
8
3
D' 7
2
6
1
5
O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 4 F'
–1 E
3
–2 A
D 2
–3 B
1
–4
–5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2x
C –1
–6 F

3 I y 7 y U' 3 A y
1 10 10
9 9 C
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1x
H –1 8 T' 8
I' U
–2 7 7
G B
H' –3 6 6
A'
G' –4 5 T
V'
5
4 4
y C'
4 3 3
O
1 2 3 4 x 2 2
–1 J V B'
1 1
–2 L
–3 O 1 2 3 4x –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 x
–4 J'
K
8 y 4 y
–5 L'
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O x –3 –2 –1O 1 x
–6 –1 –1
–7 Y
–2 –2
K' B'
–3 –3
5 X
y N' N –4 –4 C'
6 B
Z –5 –5
5 A'
–6 –6
4 Y' C
M' –7 –7
3 M A
2 P' P X' –8 y
–9 5 A
10
1
Z' –10 9 C
O 1 2 3 4 5x 8
B A'
6 y Exercise 41.8 (page 460) 7
R 4 6 C'
1 y A 5
3 B'
6
Q 2 A' 4
5
1 S 3
4
R' 2
–2 –1O 1x 3
–1 1
2
Q' –2 B
1 B' –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
–3 S'
–1O C 1 2 3 4x 6
–1 C'
y
2 y C' O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
–1
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 x B'
–1 –2
–2 A' –3 C'
C
–3 –4
–4 –5
B' A'
A –5 B
–6
–6 –7 C
–7 –8
B
–9
A
Exercise 41.9 (page 460) 4 y
(43)
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
1 translation –1 J
–2 L
translation ( )
–1
2 –3
J'
–2
–4
translation ( )
3 K
3 –5
0
–6 L'
translation ( )
0
4 –7
–2
–8
y –10
1 C'
8 –11
7 –12
K'
6 –13
5
B
4 5 y N
6
3
A' 5
2 B'
A 4
1 C N' M
3
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x 2 P
1 M' P'
2 E' y
4 O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
E
3
D'
D 2 6 R' y
1 9
8
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3x 7
–1 F
–2 6
F'
–3 5
Q' R 4
3 3
y G' 2
4 Q
1
3 S S'
2 H' –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 x
I
1
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 10 x
H –1
–2
G I'
–3

7 y U 3 y
7 A' 5
C'
6 4
5 T 3
A
4 2
B'
3 1
2 V
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2x
1 –1
B
–2
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x C
V' –1
–2 4 y
T'
–3 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 x
–1
U' –4
–2
–5 B'
–3
8 y –4 C'
–5
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O x A'
–1 –6
Y
–2 –7
Y'
–3 –8
X
–4 –9
X'
Z –5 –10
–6 B
–11
–7 –12
Z'
–8 –13
–14 C
–16
1 y A'
5 –17
A
4
3 5 y A'
A 7
2
6 C'
1 B'
B 5
B'
O 1 2 3 4x 4 A
–1 C
C' 3 C
2 B
2 y C 1
1
C'
O O
1 2 3 4 5x 1 2 3 4 5x
–1
–2 A' 6 y
O
–3 A 1 2 B3 4 5 6x
–1 C
–4 B'
–2 B'
–5 A
–3 C'
–6
–4
–7
A –5
A'

y
J'
1 –1O 1 2 K' 3 4x
1 enlargement, centre O, scale factor 22 –1
J
–2 L' L
2 enlargement, centre (1, 0), scale factor 2 –3
3 enlargement, centre O, scale factor −2 –4
K
1
4 enlargement, centre (−1, 2), scale factor 2 5
5 enlargement, centre (1, 3), scale factor 3 y P'
1 7
6 enlargement, centre O, scale factor 12 N
6
5
Exercise 41.13 (page 465) N'
4
M'
1 y B 3 M
4
2
3 P
1
2
1 A C O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
A' C'
–1O 1 2 3 4x 6 Ry
–1 4
–2 3
–3 2
B' Q
1 S
2 Ey
3 –2 –1O 1 2x
F' –1
D 2
–2
1
S' –3
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2x –4
D' –1 F –5 Q'
–2
E' –6
–7
3 y
I' 6 –8
5 –9
R'
4
3
H' Exercise 41.14 (page 467)
2
1
G' I 1 1 enlargement, centre (1, 2), scale factor 2
–12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O
–1
x 2 translation ( –31)
H
–2 3 180° rotation about (−1, 1)
G
4 reflection in x = −2
5 90° anti-clockwise rotation about (−2, 1)
6 reflection in y = x

y
Summary exercise 41 (page 467) 4
7
C 6
1 y
7 B
5
H H'
6 4
A
G 5 G' 3
4 2
3 1
2
1 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2x
C' –1
A'
–2
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x
–1 –3
I' x=1 I
–2 –4
B'
–5
2 y
A
3
5 y
y = –x 2 2
E
1 1
B
O
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
–1 –1
B' D
–2 –2 E'
C
–3 –3
C'
–4 –4 F
–5 –5 D'
A'
–6 –6
–7
3 y F'
3 –8
2 C
A 6 y
1 B' 6 C'
5
–3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x A' C
–1 4
–2 A
3
–3 B 2
A'
–4 1 B
A'
–5 B'
–2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 6x
7 y
6
B'
5
4
3
B
A' 2
A 1
C'
–4 –3 –2 –1 O C 1 2x

8 y 1 a See diagram; correct reflection.
8 b See diagram; correct enlargement.
7 c 180º rotation about centre (0, 0)
6
P'y = x 2 See diagram; shape drawn correctly.
5
M' 4 y
4
3
N' 3
2
M 2
1
N 1
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
–1 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x
M –1
–2
P –2
–3
–3
–4
9 y
2 S
1
S' Chapter 42 Questionnaires
–2 –1O 1 2x
–1 Exercise 42.1 (page 473)
Q –2 Q'
–3 1–6 Suitable suggestions.
R'
–4
R
10 a 90° clockwise rotation about (1, −1)
1–10 Suitable suggestions.
b enlargement, centre (1, 0), scale factor 2
c reflection in x = 1
d translation
–2
–5 ( ) 1 a not balanced
Examination questions (page 469) 2 a wrongly defined
y 3 a not closed
9
8 4 a gaps
a
7 5 a gaps
6
b y=5 6 a wrongly defined
5
4 7 a not balanced
3 8 a gaps
S
2
9 a not closed
1
10 a wrongly defined
–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
–1
–2 Exercise 42.4 (page 478)
T
–3
1–10 Suitable suggestions.
–4

Exercise 42.5 (page 479) 2 6
1–10 Suitable suggestions. Number of goals Frequency Capacity V (cm3) Frequency

scored
12–19 12
Summary exercise 42 0 4
20–27 8
(page 479) 1 17
28–35 10
2 26
1,2 Suitable recording sheets. 36–42 12
3 28
43–50 6
3 a biased 4 15
4 a wrongly defined 5 3 Exercise 43.2 (page 486)
5 a not closed 6 2
1 a
6 a gaps 7 3
Time (hours) Frequency
8 2
7–10 Suitable answers. 2 135
3
3 225
Examination questions Breadths of Frequency 4 190
(page 480) objects ( cm)
5 90
1–5 3
1 a i, ii 6 110
Suitable suggestions. 6–10 8
7 40
b Suitable question and 11–15 12
response section. 8 10
16–20 11
b range = 6
Chapter 43 Statistical 21–25 11
c mode = 3
26–30 5
diagrams d
e
31.25%
27 : 22
4
Exercise 43.1 (page 483) Mass of objects, Frequency
2 a Points Frequency
M (kg) 15 12
1
5<M≤7 8 30 46
Number of Frequency 7<M≤9 13 45 42
brothers or sisters
9 < M ≤ 11 11 60 74
0 13
11 < M ≤ 13 14 75 28
1 16
13 < M ≤ 15 10 90 42
2 13
15 < M ≤ 17 2 105 6
3 9
17 < M ≤ 19 2 b range = 90
4 6
5 c mode = 60
5 3 2
d 5
Heights h ( cm) Frequency
1–5 10
e 14 played the game
again
6–10 9
11–15 11
16–20 16
21–25 14

3 a b The maths results are generally better
Volume, V Frequency than the science results / the maths
results are more spread out than the
0<V≤6 1200 science results.
6 < V ≤ 12 1900
2 a
12 < V ≤ 18 600
18 < V ≤ 24 1650 8
7
b The limits of the modal class are 6 and 2010
12. 6
5
Frequency
45
c 107 4
d 57.9% 3 2009
e 12 : 37 2
1
4 a Area, A Frequency 0
45 50 55 60 65 70
0<A≤5 28 Number of goals, G
5 < A ≤ 10 56
b There is more variation in the number
10 < A ≤ 15 18 of goal scored in 2009 than 2010.
15 < A ≤ 20 96
3 a
20 < A ≤ 25 74
25 < A ≤ 30 36 14
b The limits of the modal class are 15 12

and 20.
c 198
24 10
d 77 Athens
61 8
Frequency
e 77
Belfast
Note that for questions 1 to 4 part b there

4
may be alternative answers to those given
here. 2
1 a
0
10 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Temperature, T (°C)
8 Science
b Athens is generally warmer than
Belfast / there is more variation in the
6
Frequency
Maths
temperature in Belfast.
0
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Mark, m

4 a
40
child’s book
30
Frequency
20
10
teenager’s book
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Length, l (letters)
b The length of the words in the child’s book is generally shorter than those in the teenager’s
book.
5 Mass, M 2<M≤4 4<M≤6 6<M≤8 8 < M ≤ 10 10 < M ≤ 12

(kg)
cubes 2 6 8 4
spheres 3 12 5
6 Volume, V 5 < V ≤ 10 10 < V ≤ 15 15 < V ≤ 20 20 < V ≤ 25 25 < V ≤ 30

(cm3)
copper 180 730 490
silver 110 370 680 240

1 3 1 2 2 3 5
4 2 4 5 6 6 7
5 0 1 4 4 5
Key: 3 |1 = 31 °F
2 2 1 3 5 6 6
3 0 4 6 7 8
4 2 5 6 7
5 1 4 4 9 9 9
Key: 2 |1 = 2.1 cm
3 2 2 3 5 5 6 7
3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 1 2 3 5 6
5 1 1 4 6 8 9
Key: 2 |2 = 2.2 km

4 3 1 1 2 7 7 9 Exercise 43.5 (page 493)
4 2 3 5 6 6 8 8
1 a range = 38 mm
5 1 4 6 7 9 b mode = 35 mm
6 2 3 5 5 6 7 8 9 c median = 33 mm
Key: 3 | 1 = 31 litres 2 a range = 34 marks
b mode = 53 marks
5 girls boys c median = 59 marks
4 3 2 1 4 1 2 5 6 3 a range = 23 litres
6 5 2 1 1 5 0 1 1 3 5 b mode = 93 litres
7 7 4 3 1 0 6 1 4 5 6 8 c median = 86.5 litres
9 8 6 6 2 7 2 3 5 7 8 9 4 a range = 36 kg
b mode = 24 kg
Key: 1 | 4 = 41 marks (girls)
c median = 31 kg
4 | 1 = 41 marks (boys)
5 boys:
6 height length
a range = 46
b mode = 74
4 2 2 1 4 1 3 5 6 7 c median = 74
6 5 4 3 1 5 2 4 6 7 8 girls:
7 7 6 5 4 2 6 1 3 5 8 a range = 45
9 9 8 7 3 7 1 1 4 6 7 9 b mode = 72
c median = 74
Key: 1 | 4 = 4.1 cm (height)
4 | 1 = 4.1 cm (length) 6 lengths:
a range = 3.6 cm
7 b mode = 5.1 cm
women men
c median = 5.1 cm
4 2 1 0 5 1 2 3 5 6
widths:
5 3 2 6 1 1 4 5 8 a range = 3.6 cm
5 4 2 1 7 2 3 5 6 b mode = 3.1 cm
9 8 7 6 6 5 2 8 1 4 5 8 c median = 5.1 cm
Key: 0 | 5 = £50 (amount spent by women) 7 mass:
a range = 35 g
5 | 1 = £51 (amount spent by men) b mode = 64 g
8 c median = 64 g
flat objects round objects volume:
8 7 5 4 3 1 2 1 3 5 6 a range = 38 cm3
b mode = 42 cm3
9 6 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 5 6 c median = 61 cm3
5 4 3 3 2 1 4 1 3 5 7
8 female:
3 1 5 1 1 2 7 8 8 9 a range = £34
Key: 1 | 2 = 2.1 kg (flat objects) b mode = £62
2 | 1 = 2.1 kg (round objects) c median = £61
male:
a range = £36
b mode = £50
c median = £62

Exercise 43.6 (page 495) Summary exercise 43 (page 501)
1 negative correlation 1 a
2 zero correlation Number rolled Frequency
3 positive correlation 1 8
2 11
4 zero correlation
3 10
5 negative correlation
4 12
6 positive correlation 5 9
6 10
1 b positive correlation b
c as the distance increases, the time taken 12
to travel increases
2 b positive correlation 10
c as the number of books ordered
increases, the cost increases 8
3 b negative correlation
Frequency
c as the density increases, the volume 6

decreases
4 b negative correlation 4
c as the Literacy mark goes up, the
Numeracy marks falls 2
5 b positive correlation
c the larger the number in the group, the 0
greater the amount of money collected 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number rolled
6 b negative correlation
c as the age of the car increases, its value 2 a
falls Points scored Frequency
50 108
Exercise 43.8 (page 500) 100 164
1 43 150 96
2 7 200 68
250 88
3 448
300 32
4 2.5
350 44
5 950
b range = 100 points
6 21.21 c mode = 150 points
d 600 players
e 91 616 points
f 41 : 17

3 a Heights, h ( cm) Frequency
0 < h ≤ 16 900
16 < h ≤ 32 1450
32 < h ≤ 48 650
48 < h ≤ 64 1900
64 < h ≤ 80 1550
80 < h ≤ 96 1250
96 < h ≤ 112 1700
112 < h ≤ 128 950
b the limits of the modal class are 48 and 64
c 3450 heights
47
d 207
e 25.6%
4 3 4 5 7 7
4 1 2 8 8 9
5 2 6 7
Key: 3 | 4 = 3.4 cm
5 a girls boys
5 5 3 1 2 3 4
6 4 2 3 1 7 8 8
9 8 7 7 1 4 2 5 6
6 4 0 5 4 6 7 8
Key: 1 | 2 = 21 (girls)
2 | 3 = 23 (boys)
b For example, there is not very much difference between the girls’ and boys’ results – the
range of the sets of data is the same and the median values only differ by 1 mark.
6 a i range = 3.6 g
ii mode = 2.5 g
iii median = 2.85 g
b i range = 3.3 g
ii mode = 2.6 g
iii median = 2.6 g
7 b positive correlation
c the higher the temperature, the more bottles of water sold
8 45

9 a 11
10
9
8
7
girls
Frequency
6 boys
5
4
3
2
1
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time (minutes)
b For example, the girls spent longer talking on their mobile phones than the boys.
10 a Mark, M 55 < M ≤ 60 60 < M ≤ 65 65 < M ≤ 70 70 < M ≤ 75 75 < M ≤ 80
English 38 54 46 12
History 48 62 18 22
b For example, the history marks were generally better than the English marks.

1 a See graph; all 7 points correct
60
50
40
Sales (thousand £)
30
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Advertising costs (£)
b Line of best fit

c Estimating cost for £45 000 from student’s graph (£620)
d Positive

2 See graph, points correct and joined by 5 a range = 15
straight lines. b mode = 12
c median = 9
30 d mean = 6.825
6 a range = 1
25 b mode = 1.2
c median = 1.4
20 d mean = 1.46
Frequency
7 a range = 30
15
b mode = 30
c median = 18
10 d mean = 15.9
8 a range = 50
5
b mode = 30
c median = 45
0 d mean = 45
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
t (mins) 9 a range = 42
b mode = 7
3 c median = 14
1 5 6 6 7 7 8 9
d mean = 16.45
2 0 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 9
3 1 3 4 5 6 6 7 10 a range = 1.2
b mode = 6.2
4 0
c median = 6.4
d mean = 6.52
Chapter 44 Statistical
averages and spread Exercise 44.2 (page 510)
Exercise 44.1 (page 508) 1 a i modal class 16 < l ≤ 20
ii median class 12 < l ≤ 16
1 a range = 5 b mean = 11.6 mm
b mode = 10 2 a i modal class 32 < h ≤ 40
c median = 9 ii median class 16 < h ≤ 24
d mean = 9.4 b mean = 20.6 cm
2 a range = 25 3 a i modal class 10 < P ≤ 15
b mode = 10 ii median class 15 < P ≤ 20
c median = 15 b mean = £20
d mean = 17
4 a i modal class 12 < M ≤ 13
3 a range = 20 ii median class 13 < M ≤ 14
b mode = 16 b mean = 13.2 mg
c median = 8
d mean = 10.08 5 a i modal class 0 < A ≤ 25
ii median class 25 < A ≤ 50
4 a range = 2.5 b mean = 43.5 cm2
b mode = 1.5
c median = 1.75 6 a i modal class 0 < D ≤ 6
d mean = 1.95 ii median class 12 < D ≤ 18
b mean = $13.5

7 a i modal class girls: train:
38 < V ≤ 52 range 2, range 3,
ii median class mode 31, mode 2,
38 < V ≤ 52 median 31, . median 2,
b mean = 41.5 cm3 mean 31.33… (31.3) mean 1.7
8 a i modal class 31–40 2 men:
range 2, Exercise 44.6 (page 516)
ii median class 21–30
b mean = 24.375 years mode 7,
median 6,
1 mode
9 a i modal class 16–20 mean 6.25 2 mean
ii median class 11–15 women: 3 median
b mean = 12.75 mm range 3,
mode 4, 4 mode
10 a i modal class 1–3
median 8, 5 mean
ii median class 7–9 mean 7.8
b mean = 7.16 absences 6 mode
3 boys:
range 5, 7 mean
Exercise 44.3 (page 512) mode 0, 8 mean
1 n=4 median 0,
mean 1.16 9 mode
2 n=4
girls: 10 median
3 n=5 range 3,
mode 0, Summary exercise 44
4 n=8
median 0,
5 n = 21 mean 0.52 (page 517)
6 n=9 4 boys: 1 a range = 4
range 4, b mode = 4.5
7 n=2 c median = 3.5
mode 17,
8 n=9 median 17, d mean = 3.65
mean 16.6 2 a i modal class
Exercise 44.4 (page 513) girls: 5 < x ≤ 10
range 2, ii median class
1 7.76 m mode 16, 10 < x ≤ 15
2 £6.96 median 16, b 11.5
mean 16.04
3 5.204 litres 3 n=5
5 British:
4 32.2 years range 5, 4 n = 13
5 8.176 kg mode 5, 5 £234.90
median 4,
6 £28 mean 3.65 6 £425
7 7.2 cm Foreign: 7 Belfast:
range 4, range 3 mm,
8 58 marks
mode 2, mode 2 mm,
median 3, median 1.5 mm,
Exercise 44.5 (page 515) mean 2.86 mean 1.433… mm
1 boys: 6 bus: Bonn:
range 4, range 4, range 5 mm,
mode 31, mode 3, mode 2 mm,
median 32, median 2, median 2 mm,
mean 31.95 mean 1.9 mean 2.333… mm

8 a mode b
b
180
9 a median
b
160
10 a mean
b 140 Q3
Examination questions (page 519) 120
Cumulative frequency
1 Midpoint Frequency Product 100
(x) (f) (fx) Q2
4 2 8 80
12 13 156
20 17 340 60
28 25 700 Q1
36 3 108 40
sum (Σ f ) sum (Σ fx)

= 60 = 1312 20
1312
Mean = 60 = £21.87 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
2 a 5<H≤7 Height, h (cm)
c i 142.5 cm
b Midpoint Frequency Product ii 4 cm
(x) (f) (fx) d 165
6 30 180
2 a
8 25 200
Mark (≤) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
10 14 140
Cumulative 0 2 7 28 53 57 60
12 9 108 frequency
14 5 70
b
sum (Σ f )= sum
83 (Σ fx)= 60
698
698 50
Mean = 83 = £8.41
Chapter 45 Cumulative 40
frequency curves and box plots 30

Q2

Q1
1 a
10
Height ≤ h 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
(cm)
0
Cumulative 0 4 20 48 138 162 174 180 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
frequency Mark

c i 31
ii 12
d 35
3 a Age (≤) (years) 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 52

Cumulative frequency 0 8 32 70 158 200 228 240
b
240
220
200
Q3
180
160
140
Q2
120
100
80
Q1
60
40
20
0
10 20 30 40 50
Age (years)
c i 32.5 years
ii 9.5 years
d 26%
4 a Mass ≤ M (kg) 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Cumulative frequency 0 2 9 21 59 96 111 116 120

b
120
100
Q3
80
Q2
60
40
Q1
20
0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Mass (kg)
c i 18 kg
ii 2.6 kg
d 32
5 a Points (≤) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
b
60
50
Q3
40
30 Q2
20
Q1
10
0
10 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Points
c i 198 points
ii 108 points
d 10
6 a Width ≤ w (cm) 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72
Cumulative frequency 0 8 20 43 81 145 179 204 214 220

b 220
200
180
Q3
160
140
120 Q2
100
80
Q1
60
40
20
0
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72
Width, w (cm)
c i 35.5 cm
ii 17.5 cm
d 49
7 a Miles (≤) 0.5 15.5 30.5 45.5 60.5 75.5 90.5 105.5 120.5
b
160
150
140
130
Q3
120
110
100
90
Q2
80
70
60
50
Q1
40
30
20
10
0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120
Distance (miles)
c i 61.5 miles
ii 22 miles
d 4%
8 a Area ≤ A (cm2) 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72

b 200
190
180
170
160
150 Q3
140
130
120
110
Q2
100
90
80
70
60
Q1
50
40
30
20
10
0
40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
Area, A (cm2)
c i 56.25 cm²
ii 4.75 cm²
d 11
9 a Length ≤ l (cm) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Cumulative frequency 0 2 7 17 39 79 104 113 120 124
b
120
100 Q3
80
Q2
60
40 Q1
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Length, l (cm)

c i 91 cm
ii 37 cm
d 103
10 a Cost ≤ C (£) 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
b
280
260
240
220 Q3
200
180
160
Q2
140
120
100
80 Q1
60
40
20
0
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Cost, C (£)
c i £121
ii £27
d 166
1 a Volume, V (litres) Frequency

0 < V ≤ 16 4
16 < V ≤ 32 8
32 < V ≤ 48 24
48 < V ≤ 64 36
60 < V ≤ 80 28
72 < V ≤ 96 12
84 < V ≤ 112 8
b median 58 litres, IQR 28 litres

2 a 6 a
Height, h (cm) Frequency Mass, M g Frequency
130 < h ≤ 135 40 10 < M ≤ 14 10
135 < h ≤ 140 80 14 < M ≤ 18 25
140 < h ≤ 145 170 18 < M ≤ 22 35
145 < h ≤ 150 190 22 < M ≤ 26 60
150 < h ≤ 155 100 26 < M ≤ 30 40
155 < h ≤ 160 60 30 < M ≤ 34 35
b median 145.5 cm, IQR 8.5 cm 34 < M ≤ 38 5
3 a b median 24.5 kg, IQR 8.5 kg

Number Frequency
1–20 10
21–40 25 1
41–60 50
61–80 40 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
Cost (£)
81–100 30
101–120 5 2
b median 58 downloads, IQR 36
downloads 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
4 a Area (cm2)
Costs (£) Frequency

3
Over 200 and up to and including 240 2
40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 57 58 60
Over 280 and up to and including 320 14 Width (mm)
Over 360 and up to and including 400 12 4
Over 440 and up to and including 480 1 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Age (years)
b median £338, IQR £64
5
5 a
Age (years) Frequency
125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170
5–6 50
7–8 200 6
9–10 600
11–12 250 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
13–14 100
b median 9.2 years, IQR 2 years

Exercise 45.4 (page 530) b
Note that alternative answers are possible for 100
questions 1 to 6. Q3
80
1 The Year 12 marks are more spread out (a
bigger range).
60 Q2
Year 8 students have generally done better
(higher minimum mark, median and
quartiles). 40
Q1
2 The number of hours spent revising by girls
is more spread out (a bigger range). 20
The middle 50% of the girls’ hours are

more spread out (a bigger box). 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
3 Teenagers own more CDs than adults (min, Marks
median, quartiles and max values all higher). c i 33
ii 26
The number of CDs owned by teenagers is
more spread out (a bigger range). iii 43
d
4 The number of mistakes made by women is
more spread out (a bigger range).
In general women make fewer mistakes 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Marks
(lower median and quartile values).
2 a Length ≤ l (cm) Cumulative
5 The middle 50% of the men’s wages are
more spread out (a bigger box). frequency
The range of wages is the same for women 0 0
and men but lower min and max values 6 14
for women. 12 50
6 The middle 50% of the science and maths 18 122
marks cover the same range.
24 180
More students have done better in maths
30 222
(higher quartile and median values).
36 240
Exercise 45.5 (page 532) b
240
1 a 220
Mark (<) Cumulative
frequency 200
0.5 0 180
160
10.5 5
140
20.5 14 Q2
120
30.5 40 100
40.5 75 80
Q1
50.5 97 60
60.5 104 40
70.5 108 20
0
0 6 12 18 24 30 36
Length, l (cm)

c i 18 d
ii 13
iii 24
15 20 25 30 35 40
d Age
4 a Mass ≤ M g Cumulative
0 10 20 30 40
Length (cm) frequency
0 0
3 a Age (≤) Cumulative 8 12
frequency
16 40
15 0
24 82
18 6
32 119
21 20
40 144
24 52
48 160
27 106
30 144 b
33 156 160
36 164
140
b
Q3
120
160
100
140
Q2
Q3 80
120
60
100
Q1
Q2 40
80
20
60
Q1 0
40 0 8 16 24 32 40 48
Mass, M (kg)
20 c i 23.75
ii 16
iii 32.5
0
15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 d
Age (years)
c i 26 0 10 20 30 40 50
ii 23 Mass
iii 36

5 a Cost (<) (£) Cumulative 6 a Lifetime ≤ L Cumulative
frequency (hours) frequency
60.50 0 9 0
80.50 5 10 3
100.50 17 11 12
120.50 42 12 36
140.50 69 13 74
160.50 80 14 122
180.50 88 15 143
b 16 151
17 156
80 b 160
Q3
60
140
Q2
40 Q3
120
Q1
20 Cumulative frequency
100
0 Q2
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 80
Cost (£)
c i £122 60
ii £106
Q1
iii £138 40
d
20
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0

Cost 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Lifetime, L (hours)
c i 13.1 hours
ii 12.1 hours
iii 13.9 hours
d
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Lifetime (hour)

Summary exercise 45 (page 533) b
840
1 a 800
760
Mark (<) 0.5 16.5 32.5 48.5 64.5 80.5 96.5
720
Cumulative 0 4 17 66 124 139 148
frequency 680
640
b 600
140 560
520
120 480
Q3 Q2
440
400
100
360
80 Q2 320
280
60 240 Q1
200
40 Q1 160
120
20 80
40
0 0
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155
Mark Height, h (cm)
c i 50 c i 135
ii 17.5 ii 10.75
d 47 d 14%
e 73 3 a Length, l (cm) Frequency
2 a
0 < l ≤ 40 4
Height ≤ 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 40 < l ≤ 80 14
h (cm)
80 < l ≤ 120 22
Cumulative 0 30 100 225 420 625 735 820 840
frequency 120 < l ≤ 160 40
160 < l ≤ 200 24
200 < l ≤ 240 18
240 < l ≤ 280 6
b median 145 cm, IQR 75 cm

c 100
d 75 cm

4 a c i £15.25
Boys ii £12
iii £17.75
Girls d
15 25 35 45 55 65
Number of text messages
b For example, the number of text 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cost (£)
message sent by girls is more spread out,
i.e. a wider range.
5 For example, the times taken to go to Examination questions (page 535)
school are more spread out (a bigger range);
the middle 50% of the ‘to school’ times are 1 a 44%
more spread out (a bigger box). b 58 – 30 = 28%
c 73%
6 a Cost ≤ C (£) Cumulative
frequency
2
5 0
8 12
185 205 225 245 265 285 305 325
11 33
14 68 median, quartiles and range shown
17 121 3 It is in the upper quartile.
20 153
23 165 Chapter 46 Histograms and
26 172 sampling
b
170
160 1
1.2
150
Q3
140
1.0
130
120
0.8
Frequency density
110
100
0.6
90 Q2
80
0.4
70
60
0.2
50 Q1
40
0
30 60 70 80 90 100 110
20 Mass (g)
10
0
5 10 15 20 25 30
Cost (£)

2
6
4
Frequency density
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Cost (£)
3
60
50
40
Frequency density
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Height (cm)
4 30
20
Frequency density
10
0
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Perimeter (cm)

5
5
4
Frequency density
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Scores
6 60
40
Frequency density
20
0
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Time (minutes)

1 Cost, C (£) Frequency
1–6 21
7–11 28
12–15 10
16–25 48
26–30 8
31–35 16
2
Height, h (cm) Frequency
0<h≤3 162
3<h≤8 120
8 < h ≤ 18 440
18 < h ≤ 33 510
33 < h ≤ 35 88

3 8 Biased because only people 6 a Irish 119
Price, P (£) Frequency who go to church are b French 595
asked.
1–4 6 7 a 162 walk
5–9 14
9 Biased because no young b 243 come by train
people are asked. c 486 drive
10–19 6
10 Biased because only 8 a 492 visit friends
20–21 5
students in the Additional b 984 stay at home
22–25 8 Maths class are asked.
26–30 4 9 a 134 men
Exercise 46.4 (page 545) b 469 boys
4 c 536 girls
Time, t (minutes) Frequency 1 red 4, yellow 12, blue 18, 10 a Australia 87
30 < t ≤ 32 8 green 16
b America 348
32 < t ≤ 35 6 2 Ford 9, Renault 15, c Egypt 435
35 < t ≤ 40 30
Volkswagen 18, Skoda 6
40 < t ≤ 50 120 3 24 males Exercise 46.6 (page 548)
50 < t ≤ 60 580 4 Spain 6, Italy 18, France 1 a 3 men
60 < t ≤ 65 260 22, Portugal 4 b 12 children
5 chicken 10, turkey 16, beef 2 a 10 motor bikes
Exercise 46.3 (page 543) 14, vegetarian 8 b 25 cars
1 a random 6 football 16, rugby 20, 3 a 8 cubes
netball 8, hockey 12 b 28 cylinders
b no, doesn’t include
people who don’t 7 14 from full or half board 4 a 28 in Years 8 and 9
use the train, perhaps
8 tennis 9, motor racing 12, b 21 in Years 10 and 11
because they find it
unreliable ice hockey 24, hurling 18 5 a 12 marbles
2 a random 9 train 6, car 10, walk 12, b 16 counters
b possibly, but sample bus16 c 20 beads
size is small and it is 10 3 6 a 12 carp
unclear what range of b 6 perch
subjects is covered
Exercise 46.5 (page 547) c 15 pike
3 a systematic 7 15 Linfield, 40 Cliftonville,
b yes 1 a 97 red
35 Glenavon
b 194 blue
4 a random c 388 green 8 a 8 men
b yes b 20 children
2 a 194 men
5 a random b 582 boys
b no, depends who those c 679 girls
100 people are and
how they are selected 3 a The Times 436
b The Mirror 545
6 a random
b no, needs to be done at 4 a Mini 363
different times b Fiesta 484
c Audi 605
7 Biased because boys are
not asked. 5 a gym 146
b badminton 438

1
80
70
60
50
Frequency density
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Mass (kg)
2 8
5
Frequency density
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Age (years)
3 Cost (£) Frequency

4 Any example of random 2 a P 0.24, Q 0.17, 4 0.27
sample R 0.19, S 0.2, T 0.2 21
b 44 times 5 40
5 a systematic
b yes 3 a 40 withdrawals 0.675 6 0.16
80 withdrawals 0.6375 23
6 Doesn’t include students of 7 25
different ages and different 120 withdrawals 0.633
3
examinations 160 withdrawals 8 20
0.63125
7 8 from h < 1.45, 12 from 200 withdrawals 0.645 9 0.36
1.45 ≤ h < 1.70, 14 from b 0.645, as this is from
h ≥ 1.70 the most results Exercise 47.3 (page 559)
8 6 c 39 blues and 21 greens 13
1 a 16
9 a 158 juice 4 a red 0.573, amber 1
b 395 tea 0.183, green 0.244 b 2
c 474 coffee b 82 more red lights
than green 2 0.45
10 21 chicken, 35 tuna, 28 3 a
1
beef 5 a 10
Number Total Relative 13
b 40
Examination questions of number frequency
questions wrong to 3 19
(page 551) significant
c 40
figures if 1
1 a 26 ÷ 10 = 2.6 necessary d 5
5.6 × 5 = 28 10 4 0.4 21
4.8 × 5 = 24
e 40
0.6 × 20 = 12 20 8 0.4
4 a 0.46
Total = 90 30 11 0.367
b 0.68
16 40 15 0.375
b 64
× 24 = 6 students c 0.16
2 It is biased to long- 50 18 0.36 d 0.19
5
distance drivers. 60 20 0.333 5 a 9
Some of the motorists will 70 22 0.314 7
be driving company cars. b 9
b 0.314, because it is 1
3 a All names in a bag is from the most results c 6
one example. c 47 wrong 5
b Ratio of boys to girls d 36
in the school and year 6 a 1, 0.147; 3, 0.172; 5,
groups of students, or 0.122; 7, 0.325; 9, 6 a 0.42
other valid factors. 0.233 b 0.77
b i 23 or 24 times c 0.11
Chapter 47 Probability ii 37 times d 0.07
e i 0.1
Exercise 47.1 (page 554) Exercise 47.2 (page 557) ii 0.3
9 17
1 a 1 0.31 7 a 30
25
1 3
b 16 2 24 b 5
25
1 3
c 115 3 8 c 20

17 2 1
d i 180
d 21
b 49
17 19 3
ii 90 e c
21 49
8 a 0.37 4 9
3 a 39
d 245
b 0.86
17 87
c 0.126 b e 245
39
d 0.329 6 18
e 0.441 c 13 f 35
13
9 a i 16 1 3
4 a 36 8 a 200
9
ii 1
16 9
3 b 6 b
b 4
100
1 3
10 a 0.54 c 4 c 25
b 0.135 8
d d
121
c 0.055 9 400
d 0.595 5 a 0.6 1
e 0.865 e 25
b 0.24
c 0.48 f
399
Exercise 47.4 (page 564) d 0.36 400
6 64
1 a 6 a 1 9 a 295
25 12
12 11
b 25 b
1 b 295
6
4 221
c 25 c
1 c
9 295
21 249
d 25 1 d
d 36 295
5 4
2 a 21 e 9
10 11
b 21 f 36
3
c 7 6
7 a 49

Exercise 47.5 (page 567) 4 a 7
24
red
1 a 5
8 pen red white
6 pen 10
9 24
3 pencil 7
8 8 24 yellow
25
6 8 red
8 pen
3 24
9 pencil
2 pencil white white
8 10 9
25 24
7
5 yellow
b 24
12
7 8 red
1
c 2
25 24
1
d 12 yellow white
10
2 a 9
24
6
14 CD 24 yellow
10 CD
15 14
5 DVD b 75
14
3
10 c 20
14 CD
5 34
15 DVD d 75
4 DVD
49
14 e 100
b
3 5 a 0.25
7 b
10 red
0.55
c 21
2
d red amber
21 0.2
3 a 20 0.25
44 white green
0.55
20 white
44 red
24 black 0.55
44
20 amber amber
44 white 0.2 0.2
24
44 black
0.25
24 black green
44
0.25 red
0.55
36
b 121
25 green amber
c 0.2
121
60 0.25
d 121
green
c 0.3025
d 0.5625
e 0.32
f 0.7975

1 245
6 a 4
e 632
b 87
5 win f 632
12
297
g 316
win draw
1
3 8 a 3 r
1 19
5 4 lose
12
5 win r s
12 6
19
10
draw draw 4 19 b
1 1 20
3 3 4 r
1 19
4 lose
1
4 5 win s s
12 6 5
20 19
10
lose draw 19 b
1 10
3 20 4 r
1 19
4 lose
1 b s
c 16
6
19
35 9
d 72 19 b
5
e 9 b 6
19
50 3
7 a 80 c 95
10 91
b 80 d 190
20
c 80
d 49 adult
79 1 a 0.84 pass
r
adult girl 0.35
10 0.16 not pass
79
50
50 79 boy 0.05
80 pass
0.65 not r
50 adult
79 0.95 not pass
girl girl
10 9 b 0.3265
80 79
20
79 boy
20
80 50 adult
79
boy girl
10
79
19
79 boy

2 a 4
5 d
3 t
10 1 not d
5
2
3 d
7
10 not t
1 not d
3
53
b 75
3 a 3
10 w 3
10 w 3
7 not w 10 w
10 7 not w
10 7 not w
10
b 21
100
343
c
1000
4 a 0.4 m
t
0.48 not m
0.6
0.35 m
0.52 not t
0.65 not m
b 0.374
5 a 0.12 c
v
0.72 not c
0.88
0.72 c
0.28 not v
0.28 not c
b 0.288
6 a 0.72 w
h
0.56 not w
0.28
0.18 w
0.44 not h
0.82 not w
b 0.4824

7 a 0.88 i d 144
625
s
0.48 16
0.12 not i e 25
336
0.28
f 625
i
0.52 not s 14
7 a 275
0.72 not i
7
b 330
b 0.568
713
c
8 a 2 825
5 w 163
3 w
d 275
8 3 not w
5 8 a 23 r
49
1
6 w
5 r w
8 not w 19
5 not w 49
6 7
24 49 y
50
179
b 240
24 r
49
Summary exercise 47 (page 571) w

18
w
19
50 49
1 a Frank 0.358, Gillian 0.337, Harry 0.309, 7
Aishling 0.430 49 y
b 0.367 7 24 r
50
c 0.367, because it has the most results 49
d 349
y w
1 19
2 18 49
13 6
3 a 80 49 y
9
b 20 24
23
b 175
c 30 3
c 175
4 a 0.41 13
b 0.85 d 49
c 99 sausage meals e 46
4 175
5 a 25 9 a 5
44
b 105
6 e
3 c
3 20
c 7 1 not e
6
1
6 a 7
2
e
9
96 17
b 20 not c
625 7 not e
16 9
c 125
113
b 360

10 a 0.74 breakfast
gets up
0.36 no breakfast
0.26
0.22 breakfast
0.64 does not
get up 0.78 no breakfast
b 0.4072

1 a 1 – 0.9 = 0.1
b 0.5
c 0.5
2 a 0.7 Bus
4 Monday to
5 Thursday
0.3 Not bus
0.4 Bus
1
5 Friday
0.6 Not bus
b 0.8 × 0.7 + 0.2 × 0.4 = 0.56 + 0.08 = 0.64

c 0.2 × 0.3 = 0.06
3
3 a 16 × 80 = 15
8 7 7
b i 16 × 15 = 30
8 8 3 13 5 11 158
ii 16 × 15 + 16 × 15 + 16 × 15 = 240

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Chapter 1 The 15 0.6 d 120

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 1

2 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 3

4 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 5

3 a 2.35 Summary exercise 6 1 a 2000

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© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 7

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 9

10 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 11

12 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

root of a cube number 8 11.56 is one example.

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© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 15

16 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 17

18 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 19

Exercise 17.1 (page 142) 2 22

20 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

Exercise 17.5 (page 148) b −2 5 x = –72

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 21

22 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 23

24 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

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© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 27

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 29

(page 217) (page 217) 3 1

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© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 31

32 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 33

34 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x

–4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4x –3 –2 –1O 1 2 3 4 5 6x

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 35

36 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 37

38 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 39

40 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 41

42 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

Exercise 26.3 (page 258)

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 43

–12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 10 12x

–180 –120 –60 O 60 120 180x(°)

–2 –2.5 –1 –0.5 O 0.5 1 1.5 2 x –1

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 45

For the sine and cosine curves for questions

Summary exercise 26 (page 265) 2

46 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

–2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 O 0.5 1 x

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 47

48 Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers © Hodder Education

© Hodder Education Higher GCSE Maths for CCEA Answers 49

Exercise 27.2 (page 274)

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