Benefits of design systems

Promotes consistency
Reduce Debt
Sclability
Collaboration
Consistency
Efficiency
System analysis and design
Two approaches are followed for system analysis and design
• Structured analysis and design – Which includes various tools, such as.
• Flowcharting
• Data Flow diagram
• ERD
• Object oriented analysis and design
Structured Analysis and Design

Structured analysis and design follows a set of good practices and generally accepted standards. Proper
documentation of the system is made by following standard rules.

Flow Chart

"A schematic representation of a sequence of operations as in a manufacturing process or computer program."

Introduction

Flowchart is the most commonly used design and analysis technique.

The diagrammatic presentation gives a quick understanding of the business
processes and flows.

Symbols

Although there are many symbols used proposed by various standards, but we would discuss some of the most
commonly used symbols. Understanding symbols representing functions, flows, etc may be more readily
understood by those who have some knowledge of the symbols. From a technical or academic point
of view, we have to know what symbols are used for various functions, etc.
Arrow
The usual direction of the flow of a
procedure or system is from left to
right or top to bottom.
or
Ensure that the flowchart has a
logical start and finish.
Terminator
Only one flow line is used in
conjunction with terminator symbol.

Process
Only one flow line should come out from
a process symbol.

Decision
Only one flow line should enter a decision
symbol, but two or three flow lines, one for each
possible answer, should leave the decision
symbol
<0
<0 >0
>0

=0 <0 >0
=0 <0 >0
Connectors
If the flowchart becomes complex, it is
better to use connector symbols to
reduce the number of flow lines.
Avoid the intersection of flow lines if
you want to make it more effective and
better way of communication.
Predefined Process
This represents a named process
consisting of one or more operations or
program steps specified elsewhere

Single Document
Off-Page Connector
Use to connect remote flowchart portion on
different pages. One flow line enters or exits.

Input / Output
Used whenever data is into the flowchart or
displayed from the flowchart. A single flow line
enters and a single line exits.
 Input / Output
• Used whenever data is entered
into the flowchart or displayed
from the flowchart.

• A single flow line enters and a

single line exits.

Good Practices
Like every other methodology, flow charts also have a set of recommended practices
for flow charts:
• In drawing a proper flowchart, all necessary steps that are a part of process should
be listed out in
logical order.
• The flowchart should be clear, neat and easy to follow. There should not be any
room for
ambiguity in understanding the flowchart.
• It is useful to test the validity of the flowchart.