INTRODUCTION

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the

natural environment that causes adverse change.
Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or
energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the
components of pollution, can be either foreign
substances/energies or naturally occurring
contaminants.Environmental pollution is one of the
most serious problems facing humanity and other life
forms on our planet today. “Environmental pollution is
defined as “the contamination of the physical and
biological components of the earth/atmosphere system
to such an extent that normal environmental processes
are adversely affected.” Pollutants can be naturally
occurring substances or energies, but they are
considered contaminants when in excess of natural
levels. Any use of natural resources at a rate higher than
nature’s capacity to restore itself can result in pollution
of air, water, and land. Environmental pollution is of
different types namely air, water, soil, noise and
light-weight. These cause damage to the living system.
How pollution interacts with public health,
environmental medicine and the environment has
undergone dramatic change.
Pollution occurs, on the one hand, because the natural
environment does not know how to decompose the
unnaturally generated elements (i.e., anthropogenic
pollutants), and, on the other, there is a lack of
knowledge on the part of humans on how to decompose
these pollutants artificially. It may last many years
during which the nature will attempt to decompose the
pollutants; in one of the worst cases – that of
radioactive pollutants – it may take as long as
thousands of years for the decomposition of such
pollutants to be completed.
It matters first and for most because it has negative
impacts on crucial environmental services such as
provision of clean air and clean water without which
life on Earth as we know it would not exist. People are
the reason we have pollution. Pollution affects our
environment because the water pollution can affect the
living conditions of people and plants. Pollution can
cause our environment to start and fall. If we don’t have
clean water for plants and trees how are we going to
make paper and grow veggies for people to eat? This is
why the big idea affects the environment and people are
the main cause of pollution.
IMPORTANCE
Following are some reasons why it is importance to
control environmental pollution:
1)Reducing pollutants in the air is important for human
health and the environment.
2)Poor air quality has harmful effects on human health,
particularly the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
3)Pollutants can also damage plants and buildings, and
smoke or haze can reduce visibility.
Environmental Pollution prevention reduces both
financial costs (waste management and cleanup) and
environmental costs (health problems and
environmental damage). Environmental Pollution
prevention protects the environment by conserving and
protecting natural resources while strengthening
economic growth through more efficient production in
industry and less need for households, businesses and
communities to handle waste.
Environmental Pollution prevention approaches can be
applied to all potential and actual pollution-generating
activities, including those found in the energy,
agriculture, federal, consumer and industrial sectors.
Prevention practices are essential for preserving
wetlands, groundwater sources and other critical
ecosystems - areas in which we especially want to stop
pollution before it begins.
In the energy sector, Environmental pollution
prevention can reduce environmental damages from
extraction, processing, transport and combustion of
fuels. Environmental Pollution prevention approaches
include:
1)increasing efficiency in energy use;
2)use of environmentally benign fuel sources.
In the agricultural sector, Environmental pollution
prevention approaches include:
1)Reducing the use of water and chemical inputs;
2)Adoption of less environmentally harmful pesticides
or cultivation of crop strains with natural resistance to
pests; and
3)Protection of sensitive areas.
In the industrial sector:
1)Modifying a production process to produce less waste
2)Using non-toxic or less toxic chemicals as cleaners,
degreasers and other maintenance chemicals
3)Implementing water and energy conservation
practices
4)Reusing materials such as drums and pallets rather
than disposing of them as waste
In homes and schools Environmental pollution
prevention include:
1)Using reusable water bottles instead of throw-aways
2)Automatically turning off lights when not in use
3)Repairing leaky faucets and hoses
4)Switching to "green" cleaners

OBJECTIVES
The following are some aims and objectives to control
the environmental pollution:
1. Awareness:
To help social groups and individuals to acquire
knowledge of pollution and environmental degradation.
2. Knowledge:
To help social groups and individuals to acquire
knowledge of the environment beyond the immediate
environment including a distant environment.
3. Attitudes:
To help social groups and individuals to acquire a set of
values for environmental protection.
4. Skills and Capacity Building:
To help social groups and individuals to develop skills
required for making discriminations in form, shape,
sound, touch, habits and habitats. Further, to develop
ability to draw unbiased inferences and conclusions.
5. Participation:
To provide social groups and individuals with an
opportunity to be actively involved at all levels in
environmental decision making.
6.Promote low-carbon/low-pollution society
7. Promote Sound Material-Cycle society
8. Promote societies in harmony with nature, while
adapting to climate change.

Environmental pollution influences both soil and

agriculture which are the two facets of valuable
resource necessary for our sustenance. For agriculture,
soil is generally assumed as an inexhaustible resource,
which is used and overused continually for increasing
production. The soil today has virtually become lifeless
in many places with increasing development &
industrialization. Soil, microflora, fauna, nutrients and
associated habitat has the potential to influence the soil
ecosystem, agriculture, environment and economy in
one go. Soil and its living organisms are an integral part
of agricultural ecosystems and environment, playing a
critical role in maintaining soil health, ecosystem
functions and productivity. They range from the myriad
of invisible microbes, bacteria and fungi to the more
familiar macro-fauna such as earthworms and termites.
Plant roots can also be considered as soil organisms in
view of their symbiotic relationships and interactions
with other soil components. These diverse organisms
interact with one another and with the various plants
and animals in the ecosystem, forming a complex web
of biological activity.
The rapid pace of industrialization has made this soil
ecosystem, one of the worst hit victims. The
development process has ushered in the challenges of
soil contamination, microbial and biodiversity loss.
Current growth patterns are reflecting on the very
productivity of our agricultural soils. It is time to
recognize that the economic and social development
depends on the protection of the environment and
reduction of the human impact. Environmental
problems, which may have global impacts, are complex
and often interrelated with socio-economic factors.
Problems of soil contamination, pollution and
degradation, loss of biodiversity do not recognize
political borders and pose major threats to human
safety, health and productivity. The need to take actions
to sustain soil and its immediate environment becomes
pressing and challenging task in today’s environment.
One of the important dimensions of the efforts for
environmental protection is raising public awareness
and participation. The conference aims to provide a
platform to deliberate on concerns on soil toxicology,
soil contamination, soil management, technologies and
impacts on human health and our approaches to answer
these challenges. The deliberations are expected to
provide an understanding of the complex interplay of
soil, agriculture, and the environment with the
underlying concept that soil is elixir of life and is one of
the five components of earth, water, fire, air and space,
essential to our existence.

PROJECT WORK
METHODOLOGY
The environmental consequences of rapid
industrialization have resulted in countless incidents of
land, air and water resources sites being contaminated
with toxic materials and other pollutants, threatening
humans and ecosystems with serious health risks. More
extensive and intensive use of materials and energy has
created cumulative pressures on the quality of local,
regional and global ecosystems.
Before there was a concerted effort to restrict the
impact of pollution, environmental management
extended little beyond laissez-faire tolerance, tempered
by disposal of wastes to avoid disruptive local nuisance
conceived of in a short-term perspective. The need for
remediation was recognized, by exception, in instances
where damage was determined to be unacceptable. As
the pace of industrial activity intensified and the
understanding of cumulative effects grew, a pollution
control paradigm became the dominant approach to
environmental management.
Two specific concepts served as the basis for the control
approach:
1)The assimilative capacity concept, which asserts the
existence of a specified level of emissions into the
environment which does not lead to unacceptable
environmental or human health effects
2)The principle of control concept, which assumes
that environmental damage can be avoided by
controlling the manner, time and rate at which
pollutants enter the environment
Under the pollution control approach, attempts to
protect the environment have especially relied on
isolating contaminants from the environment and using
end-of-pipe filters and scrubbers. These solutions have
tended to focus on media-specific environmental
quality objectives or emission limits, and have been
primarily directed at point source discharges into
specific environmental media (air, water, soil).
(1) By means of equipments, apart from disposal of
pollutants, recycling of waste could also be done. In case
of automobile exhaust system, suitable gadgets could
also be provided which will not only arrest pollution
but will also reduce fuel consumption.
(2) The generated pollutants from industries must be
arrested before they are passed into the air. This
involves selection of proper equipment for treating
waste as well as arresting pollutants. The heat
generated in the process should also be channelised to
useful purposes.
(3) There are some industries which collect the dust
and convert the same into saleable goods. There are
others which produce the waste which could be
converted into useful by products. We have in hand
example of gobar gas plant where gas is converted into
energy.
(4) The metal oxides and metals such as Cr, V, Cd, Cu,
and Fe etc. can be easily absorbed by serpentine
mineral or bark of some trees and thus effluent can be
free from metallic species. A process has been
developed in Water Pollution Lab.
(5) For reducing the noise pollution, suggestions given
above should be adopted at once.

OBSERVATIONS
Environmental pollution can be simply, if somewhat
generally, defined as the presence in the environment of
an agent which is potentially damaging to either the
environment or human health. As such, pollutants take
many forms. They include not only chemicals, but also
organisms and biological materials, as well as energy in
its various forms (e.g. noise, radiation, heat). The
number of potential pollutants is therefore essentially
countless. There are, for example, some 30,000
chemicals in common use today, any one of which may
be released into the environment during processing or
use. Fewer than 1% of these have been subject to a
detailed assessment in terms of their toxicity and health
risks4. The number of biological pollutants is truly
unquantifiable. They include not only living and viable
organisms, such as bacteria, but also the vast array of
endotoxins that can be released from the protoplasm of
organisms after death. There is, therefore, no shortage
of potential environmental risks to health. What is
lacking, for the most part, is an understanding of the
nature and mechanisms of these risks.
Exposures to environmental pollution remain a major
source of health risk throughout the world, though risks
are generally higher in developing countries, where
poverty, lack of investment in modern technology and
weak environmental legislation combine to cause high
pollution levels. Associations between environmental
pollution and health outcome are, however, complex
and often poorly characterized. Levels of exposure, for
example, are often uncertain or unknown as a result of
the lack of detailed monitoring and inevitable variations
within any population group. Exposures may occur via a
range of pathways and exposure processes. Individual
pollutants may be implicated in a wide range of health
effects, whereas few diseases are directly attributable to
single pollutants. Long latency times, the effects of
cumulative exposures, and multiple exposures to
different pollutants which might act synergistically all
create difficulties in unravelling associations between
environmental pollution and health. Nevertheless, in
recent years, several attempts have been made to assess
the global burden of disease as a result of
environmental pollution, either in terms of mortality or
disability-adjusted life years .About 8–9% of the total
disease burden may be attributed to pollution, but
considerably more in developing countries. Unsafe
water, poor sanitation and poor hygiene are seen to be
the major sources of exposure, along with indoor air
pollution.

ANALYSIS OF DATA
Environmental pollution is a major concern in
developing countries of the world. This issue of
pollution is a terrible negative vibe or influence on all
the living things and the environment. Pollution of the
environment via air, land and water by human activities
is detrimental to the existence of all living things within
the society which is not an acceptable development at
all. Air pollution is caused by several factors such as
emission from motor vehicles, industrial activities,
volcanic eruption, emitting poisonous, forest fire,
deforestation, bush burning and cosmic clouds of dusts.
Soil pollution is also caused by factors such as oil
spillage, human erosion and contamination by
hazardous substances. Water pollution is caused by oil
discharge from vessels, dumping from ships and
aircrafts, wastes disposal from land, oil spillage, organic
sources and other means of polluting the environment.
Pollution is a vital environmental disaster due to the
fact that some known and unknown diseases are
discovered and might be difficult to subdue. In this
article, environmental pollution will be discussed under
three classes of pollution that is the water, the soil, and
the air and their impact on human health.

RESULTS AND
CONCLUSION
The complexities involved in the link between
environmental pollution and health, and the
uncertainties inherent in the available data on mortality
and morbidity, in existing knowledge about the
aetiology of diseases, and in environmental information
and estimates of exposure, all mean that any attempt to
assess the environmental contribution to the global
burden of disease is fraught with difficulties. The
estimates produced to date must therefore be regarded
as no more than order-of-magnitude estimates. Despite
these limitations, however, several conclusions seem
beyond refute.
The first is that environmental pollution plays a
significant role in a number of health outcomes, and in
several cases this adds up to a serious public health
concern. Water pollution, sanitation and hygiene,
indoor air pollution, and to a lesser extent outdoor air
pollution and exposures to chemicals in both the indoor
and outdoor environment are all important risk factors
in this respect. Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and
noise are also causes for concern in many cases.
Secondly, it is clear that the distribution of risks from
these factors is not equal across the world. The global
burden of disease may be difficult to quantify, but stark
contrasts in that burden are evident between the
developed and the developing world, between rich and
poor, and often between children and adults. The
developed world is not risk-free, and development is no
panacea for all environmental health ills. On occasions,
in fact, the opposite is true: developments, such as
increased reliance on road transport, increased use of
chemicals in agriculture, and increased proportions of
time spent in modern, hermitically sealed buildings
surrounded by chemically-based fabrics and furnishings
may actually increase exposures and exacerbate health
risks. But overall the developing world is far more
severely affected by pollution, and in many instances
becoming more so, as pressures from development add
to traditional sources of exposure and risk.
Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, many of these
risks and health effects are readily avoidable. Rarely
does the solution lie in advanced technologies or even
expensive drugs. Instead, the need is for preventive
action to reduce the emission of pollutants into the
environment in the first place—and that is largely
achievable with existing know-how. Indeed, in many
cases it has already been implemented in many of the
richer countries. Science, therefore, certainly has a role
to play in addressing these issues. More research is
undoubtedly needed on a range of emerging
environmental health issues. But the deficit of action
that has allowed environmental pollution still to take its
toll on health derives not so much from failures in
science or technology as from the lack of political will
and economic empowerment. It is from that direction
that salvation needs ultimately to come for those at the
mercy of environmental pollution.