Fundamentals of

Maritime
Electronic Apparatus

Content

Introduction 002

Chapter
1.1
1 Passive Element
Resistor 010
1.2 Capacitor 014
1.3 Inductor 020
1.4 Transformer 024

Chapter
2.1
2 Semiconductors
What is a semiconductor? 029
2.2 Diode 034
2.3 Transistor 037
2.4 Thyristor 039
2.5 IGBT 043
2.6 MOSFET 044

Chapter
3.1
3 Sequence Control
Objective of Sequence Control 047
3.2 Switch, Relay and Contactor 049
3.3 Sensor switch 056
3.4 Others 059
3.5 How to Read Sequence Circuit 065
Chapter
4.1
4 Electric Power Conversion Circuit
Series Regulator 076
4.2 DC to DC Converter 078
4.3 AC to DC Converter 080
4.4 Inverter (DC to AC) 084
4.5 Applications of power conversion circuit 086
4.6 Things to be kept in mind 088

Chapter
5.1
5 Sensors and Signal Transfer
Measurement of Voltage and Current 095
5.2 Temperature Measurement 097
5.3 Pressure Sensor 101
5.4 Oxygen Analyzer 102
5.5 Level Meter 103
5.6 Optical Sensor 105
5.7 Tachometer (Revolution Counter} 106
5.8 Torque Meter 107
5.9 Flow Meter 108
5.10 Viscometer {Viscosity Meter} 108
5.11 Transducer 109
5.12 A I D Conversion, D/ A Conversion 110

Annex
1 Tester 112
2 Insulating-Resistance Tester (Megger} 116
3 Clamp Meter 117
4 How to Denote and Read Sequence Control equipment
118
5 Control Appliance Numbers 120
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---(!)(!)@) Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus

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D Temporary energy storage

fJ AC and DC separation and selection
11 Phase shift between voltage and current
D Magnetic field generation, etc.

v
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~ FundamentalsofMaritimeEiectronicApparatus FundamentalsofMaritlmeEiectronicApparatus (i)ftD-...1

 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

1 Passive Element

TYPES OF INDUCfOR

Solenoid type

~- Fig.l-12

INDUCfANCE

(!)88 Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus

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Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic: Apparatus~

 1 Passive Element

• TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER TURNS RATIO

Formula 1-7

Formula 1-8

Formula 1-9 Na Nz

I 2 = (N 1 I N 2) X I1 Formula 1-10

~ FunclamentalsofMaritimeEiectronlcApparatus
EXAMPLE OF TRANSFORMER APPUCATIONS p .r

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N 1 : N 2 = 6600 : 220 = 30 : 1 Formula 1-12

Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus ®80-------

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------(!)f}0 Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus
 l r r cr

• What is a semiconductor?

ROLE OF SEMICONDUCfOR DEVICES

.)

Semiconductor

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Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus (!)f}f)--

 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

2 Semiconductors

COMPOSITION OF SEMICONDUCfORS

Fig.2-3

---(!)@)(!) Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus

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 Semiconductors

88 Diode
USE OF DIODES

Diode Diode

Fig.2-7

-------(!)8e Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus

STRUCfURE OF DIODES
OC' C' C' • C' • C' ~ C' OC' Q 0 QQ C' C' C' C' 0
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QQ C' C' 0 1 C' C' .... C' C' C' C' C' C' • C' ~ ' 0
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Fig.2-8
GQlT::>.)~II ~r

.r

Fig.2-10

FundamentalsofMaritimeEiectronicApparatus (!)80----
 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

2 Semiconductors

TYPES OF DIODE

.Fig.2-ll

It converts single-phase AC voltage or three-phase AC voltage into DC current.

lt ·iS composed of 4 or 6 diodes and has a plastic (synthetic resin) cover.

lI
o;ode •oct""
It is used when a high-speed
operation such as DC power
It is used in a circuit that sup-
plies constant voltage. It sim-
The PN junction emits light
when current is passed
upply or inverter functional- . plifies the constant voltage through it. Its main advan-
ity is needed. circuit, but decreases effi- tages are low power con-
ciency. sumption and a long life.

Hlgh-spe d recovery diode Zener diode JD LED (Light emitting diod_e..:..)_ __,

-<!>8e FundamentalsofMaritimeEiectronicApparatus
 t {'1: r

• Transistor

STRUCfURE OF TRANSISTOR

NPN-transistor PNP·transistor
Collector Collector

c c_
.r
/1
Base B Base

E ·r

Emitter
Fig.2-12

FunclamentalsofMaritimeEiectronicApparatus ~
 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

2 Semiconductors

OPERATION AND ROLE OF TRANSISTORS

lob_ IcMl
Fi~.2- l i

•
Low voltage signal
+ Transistor
+ Amplified signal
Fig.2-15

--------(;)M Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus

 r .pkr

• Thyristor
WHAT IS A THYRISTOR?

A {Anode)
A

p
ocn
OCD
:::>..0
-c
oCD
N G - ::J

STRUCfURE OF A THYRISTOR {Gate) £

G p
N K
(Cathode)

K Fig.2-17

ptcr

Fig.2-18

Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus (M0------

 1
.,..,
2 Semiconductors
~
~-

THYRISTOR APPUCATIONS
e o <' • ~ c- T C'~ o C' <' o ,g c-
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 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

2 Semiconductors

Touch the steel deck coard, floor, or shipp side for

several seconds with your bear hand is efective.
However, there could be reverse effects if you touch
an FRP wall surface or window glass.

~ FundamentalsofMaritimeEiectronic:Apparatus
 ·hapli:r

• IGBT
Features and structure of IGBT

Fig.2-20
a) IGBT b) IGBT with diode
Collector Collector

Gate Gate Chapter

5
Emitter Emitter
Fig.2-21

-.----...........

FunclamentalsofMaritimeEiectronlc:Apparatus ~
 111111111 111111111111111
Chapter

2 Semiconductors

• MOSFET

STRUCfURE AND
FEATURES OF MOSFET
MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect

Fig.2-23

a) P-channel b) N-channel

Drain Drain

J J
G~J9 ~WJ9
Source Source
Fig.2-21

Drain
APPLICATIONS OFMOSEFT

Source Fig.2-2.5

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EXAMPLE OF AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL

2 (J)
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•
Start

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Fig.3-l

FundamentalsofMaritimeEiectronlcApparatus <!>eO--
 Sequence Control

NOTATION METHODS OF SEQUENCE CONTROL CIRCUIT

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Fig.3-2 Fig.3-3

~ FundamentalsofMaritimeEiectronic:Apparatus
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Chapter

Chapter

5
Fig.3-t

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 1111111 11 111111111111111

Chapter

3 Sequence Control

Sequence Control

BREAK CONTACT (b- contact, Form B, NC)

Fig.3-7

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Fig.3-9

-----00(!) FundamentalsofMaritimeEiectronicApparatus
 1 t· .p!Lr

2 Swift., Relay and Contactor

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a.
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11
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<: e 1 o c- c-~ . c-
button <8ll ::>.:>com en or co<9'JeC00: 01 ::>.:>~ 11 (Fig.3-13) cgc c-contact
. ' • 0 C'~ 1 C'
turn over sw1tch <8ll <tor co<9'JeC00: 01 ::>.:>~ 11

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Fig.3- ll

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Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus (!)00-----

 3 Sequence Control

Sequence Control

CONTROL RELAY

Circuit

Movlnl Iron plate

Current
~--
~~==-..·-- .... Fig.3-15

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 Chapter

~ s,vift, Relay and Contactor

MAIN CONTACfOR (J)

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J:.'ig.3-17 Chapter

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5
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Fig.3-22

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FunclamentalsofMaritimeEiectronicApparatus $ 0 0 - - -
 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

3 Sequence Control

Sensor switch

Pressure Switch

Old JIS

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----------

~ FundamentalsofMarltimeEiectronlcApparatus
 Chapt.:r

Sequence Control 3 Sensor \Vitch Chapter

2 (f)

LEVEL SWITCH 11)

3
8'
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Chapter

4
I
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Sequence
circuit

Fig.3-26

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Fig.3-27 Fig.3-28
 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

3 Sequence Control

Sequence Control ~ Sensor witch

TEMPERATURES~TCH

Fig.a-29

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~
Fig.3-30

---(!)8(;) Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus

 l I 1pt.:r

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MCCB

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Fig.3-31 5
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Fig.3-32

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Chapter

3 Sequence Control

Sequence Control

TRANSFORMER

Fig.3-33

Old JIS For ships only

w
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Fig.3-34
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2
FUSE

I '

3
if
Chapter

Chapter

5
Fig.:-l-35

Old JIS For ships only

Fig.:-l-36

FunclamentalsofMarttlmeEiectronlcApparatus 800----
 111111111111111111111111

Chapter

3 Sequence Control

Sequence Control

LAMP

Tablc.:l-1

Old JIS

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Fig.3-38 Fig.3-:39

~ FundamentalsofMarttlmeEiec:tronlc:Apparatus
 l 1a"' . . .

4 Others T

2
MOTOR

(' C'
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l
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0 • C' ' 0 (' C' • C' 0

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, • 0 c • ~ ~ € TO C • 0 0
VentilatiOn Fans, Small cooling Fans or.oac 3d::>.?!lSJllS: J.)G::JJ0GOI ~ GlnO'Y) 3d0!CI.(!CI.(CI.('P
(' 0 • ~ (' C' 0 (' C' 0 (' (' (' 0 (' C' ~C'
3-phase GlnO'Y)<1'? 3d::>.?!lSJlJ.)~II GlnO'Y)<1'? ~a:JCGinC!CI.(OJ~C GlnC!CI.(OJ~C: ~<;:ln!G::AY:l
C'Q c:::
~o~:G~C: ~a:JC~!C:OC!J.)~ II CjC!<1'?
C' ('Q C' C' C' 0 •
Startmg current <.J?GQ>, lSJ!
~ •
<('f1'
C' C'Q
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c::: ('
(Rated current) cod5 ~ c;:o ~"tP:J.)~ 11 Starting current ~~~:C\J0G::AY:l3d6>1 MCCB J.)~ excessive
~ cor,:c coc oc- c • g <' c c
current ur O(C:OlSJ: c:o0:m~<1'? ~a:JGO'Y)OJCI.(m Gom~;~~~ 11 Startmg current ~:c:oc:~~ o~naoJ.)~
c <:: c c o cr,;: c c ~ c • o c c c r,;: c T c
GlnO'Y)illll 3d§_<.D3d~!<f<;: 3d~l!cq]J.)~~~E>p GlnO'Y)~! a:l~C\(!<1'? GlnC!<fC~C ~~GO I C\J0~~
0 0 C' C' C' 0 C' C' C' C' • 0 (' C' (" C'
Starting current o~nao<1'? co1':~lo'lt Cl.(3dOC\J0J.)~II GlnO'Y)a:J~C\(=<1'? ~me GlnC!<fCJ.)~
c c ( ) co c
1'~:m~: ~ ~<.D~J.)~ 11
a. Direct connect starting
b. Star-Delta connect starting
c. Auto-transformer starting (Kondorfer starting)
d. Reactor starting
~.:r
e. Rotor-resistance starting
. . o
D1rect connect startmg <1'? J.)G::JJ0GOICJ6C G1>E>p GO'Y)GO'Y)"t[J!"t[J:g 3d::>.?:lSlJ.)~II ill11'~:J.)~
. o oc
Startmg current <1'? co1':~lol3c: ~~o111 (b-e) 1'~:"tP:'P Startmg currentn? co1':~lOGO:J.)~ 11
cr.:: c
s
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c
c
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GlnO'Y)illll 3d§_<.D3d~!l 01>CO~!Gc:o0C~ 3dG1>3dC00!GOI Wa:l~lSJ! (b-e) 1>~!"t[J!CO'f J.)t;:GOWE>p
c c 0 0 0 • ~r::::: c 0 c 01 r::: ~ c c 0
1'~!(\)~!<1'? 3d~l!{,tJl! 3d::>.?!lSJl~J.)~ II 3dGJ.)!~a:J G(\>C\J0CI.(OI OJ :Jdl30! lSJ!1j01'!~3fO"t[J!<1'?
C' C' C' 0 '1 C' 0 <;: C' E C' C' C' C'O<:'
<.9a:J~ G(\>C\J0'1_1' [231>!0.(01 J.)~ II Old JIS & IEC 0(.®1 GlnO'Y) J.)GOJa:J J.)a:J'fa:l~OJ'j'J ~OJ<(C!
c c c c r:::c r,;:c 1 c . c c c
a:l~ip3dCJ6C! (M) co~~c: G')_!J.)0!C00!l3C: ~~OIJ.)~
(F1g.3- 40)11 GlnO'Y)J.)~ Fan 3dCJ60J
• c o c c c c F' c • c o c
::>.?!:))~ ::>.?.~<.J?a:l PUmp 3dCJ60J ::>.?!:))~<1'? 3d'fa:l3dJ.)0! COOCO~GO!C00!J.)~ ( 1g. 3 -41)11

Motor for fan Motor for pump

Fig.3-W Fig.a-tl

Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus (!)08--------

 3 Sequence Control

Sequence Control -+ Others

PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER

Fig.3-42

~ FunclamentalsofMaritimeEiectronlcApparatus
How to Read Sequence Circuit ?f

2 (f)
CD
3
c;·
0
::J
c.
c:
s;;;

Induction
Space motor
Heater for
pump

C :11cr

FunclamentalsofMaritlmeEiectronlcApparatus 000----
 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

3 Sequence Control

WHEN TANK IS EMPTY

(AUTOMATIC CONTROL)
Q <:' OC' Q <:' Q 0 C'
m~2: 3dG~3dCXY.:l!CJ6C O(CffiJ..)~ ~~EjlJ..)~ 3dG~3dCXY.:l!

(Empty) UJ:l O)?~§ol~. (Fig.3-44)11 High levelfloatswltch t~

• 0 <: <:' 0 <:' <:'
Low level float swttch 0(.<811 relay J..)~ ocnG1~~ (Close)
0~<:' <:' 1 <:'
11 <X(.ec Auto control t<t Manual control 01 ocGJJ0 Change
over switch J? Manual mode o;?~<XY.:l:J..)~U? 0-j?~<XY.:l:oltt
Sequence circuit <81l:Dot0 or0y~ G3d'JJ.;o13do7~:

§~J..)~ (Fig.3-45)u

Fig.3- 11

Ill MCCI3 is turned 0~.

Y 21 \'oltage is supplied to sequence circuit

t
hrough tiK transl\1rmer. enabling [3-1 J[ J-2] opo;>rat iLlllS to be carrio.:>d (.>lll simultano.:>ously.
3-IJ Whitt.' lamp WII i:- turniC'd ON.
3-21 Cum:nt is pass..:d through X-h and <.:<)il of 0:-J dday tim..:r TLR is .:x.:it..:d. I krc rday of

l
TLR op<.:r.tte-, tf no operattllll '' carn.:d nut from the ttnw <>f .:xctlation ttl I a sl'l time has
elapsed ( 10 mtnutes 1n th.:- Ftgure) HO\\e\cr. h<.·rc pump i;; opnated lllllll<.'<.ilatl'l:.
141 Push but tun S\\ ttch ··rf3S-a" '" pressed . The current i-, passed through PBS-a
~:hange-mer switch (COS) - push button switch (PBS-bl - high (e,el float switch
( LS-1·1) - ..:ontrol relay (X) coil :~nd finally X coil is excited.
This .:nahks [5-llf~-2 -1[~- -~1[5--1] op..:rations to bo;> carrio;>c.l out simultano;>ously.
15-IJ SitKo.:' X-a is turncd ON. the curr(·nt is passed throttgh \-a-- PBS-b- LS-11- \ .
Th..:r<.'f()r<.'. <.:\L'nthnugh the fing.:r is r.:mo,cd l·mm th~ PHS-a . .\ continues t(.) h..: excited .
Tht~ stall: is calkJ ~df-lwiJing ~tat..: of\.
15-21 When :\-a i~ turn.:d ON , th<.: n>il LlfMC is cx<.·it..:J. enabling the oper;1tinn [6J It> tK·
carri<.·d nut.
15-31 Who;>n .\-a is turncd ON. oper;~tion lamp (Cireo;>nl illuminates .
15-41 \\'hen X-b is turned OFF. timer ..:oil TLR is demagnt'tizo;>d.
1;61 When \ ,1(' r~>il is exritcd. contacror of MC is rurn~d ON and current is passed
to motor through i\ICCB. \fC and TIIR. and nwtor ~tarts. Th<-~ 11 tilL' pump starts
operating I<> supply wat.:r intt>thc tank.

- - - ( ! ) 0 0 Fundamentals of Maritime Electronic Apparatus

 (he ptcr

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heater
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------------·-------------~
THR

I .••••
L.L..J
-~-----' .
.•••
----------------J
[5-1J X-a

-----~
[5-2l X-a MC

------······---------------------·- -···~
GN

·····~
[5-41 X·b [3-2lTLR (10min)

TLR MC-SH

Fig.3- 15

FundamentalsofMarltimeEiectronicApparatus 000----
 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

3 Sequence Control

WHEN TANK IS FULL

(AUTOMATIC CONTROL)

[7) When LS-H relay is turned OFF, current

Fig.3-i6
passes through X-a -+ PBS-b -+ LS-H -+ X
is cut off and X coil is demagnetized, enaling [8-1][8-2][8-3][8-4] operations to be carried out
simultaneously.
8-1) X does not remain in self-holding state as X-a turns OFF.
8-21 MC coil is demagnetized as X-a turns OFF. Then operation [9] is carried out.
8-31 Operation lamp (Green) goes out as X-a turns OFF.
8-41 Timer (TLR) coil is excited by turning ON the X-b. Then the operation [10] is carried out.
~9) When the contactor of MC turns OFF, the power supply to motor is cut off and as a result
I the pump stops.
Y lOJ TLR relay turns ON after an elapse of set period of time (IOmin in Fig.3-47). MC-sH
I coil is excited.
4 111 When MC-sH is excited, current is passed to space heater as the contactor ofMC-sH
turns ON. This prevents condensation of the motor which occurs due to cooling.

-----(;)M FundamentalsofMarttlmeEJectronlcApparatus
 l1<>[:ll .•

2
~~==------~-~~
[11l MC-sH ~
(f)
CD
3
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Q_
c:
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F F
WH

r--------.. [7] L5-H

I LS-L J Auto

PBS-b
I

LL...J

[8-1J X-a

[8-2l X-a MC

[8-3l X-a

----------------------------------------------------
[8-41 X-b TLR
--- ------~
(10min)

[101 TLR - -------------------------------------

MC-SH
--- ------~
Fig.3-47

FundamentalsofMarttlmeEiectronicApparatus ( ! ) 0 0 -
 111111111111111111111111

Chapter

3 Sequence Control

Low level

= =---T,

1121 PBS-b is pressed. Current passing through X-a- PHS-b--. LS-H --. X is cut and X is d~mag­
netit.cd . Atkr tim. seqUL'ncc operation continues to [X-I] anti. at the end. pump is stopped . Ne\1 .
the pump operatinn is resumed .
1131 First . change-(1\'er switch is set to Manual mod..::.
L 1141 When PBS-a is pres~ed. cmrent passes through PBS -a - COS -- PBS-h - LS-11 - X
and X is e\cited. Then sequence operation continues to [5-1] and pump operates.

1151 A a e\cessi\·e current passes to the nwtor. heat generates in the heater of the thermal relay TH R.
L 1161 Til R relay of the sequence circuit opens due to heal generation in the TH R heakr.
L 1171 Current is cut oil because the THR relay opens. X coil demagnetizes as a result .

~ FundamentalsofMaritlmeEiectronlcApparatus
 l'laptcr

,.....---~~ MC-st~ 2
~heater

Chapter
F F
4 .........
nom
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n:>o
c:<-
;:;.: <D ::::! .
~- ~
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CD

""
Chapter
~

I
[121 PB5-b
5
L...l.....J

x-a
x-a MC

x-a
X-b TLR (10min)

TLR MC-SH

Fig.3-49

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~O<l>Qlu2~:t~ o'3~u:J0 =>:~:::x>~ ~O<l>Qlulolo? ~:~::x>~ll (2u~) - Sea water cooling pump's AC to DC, DC to AC, stepping up/ stepping down of voltage,

motor 3dO(ld.; Three-phase 220 AC voltage ~3d0::x>~ 11 mQl:nd.;O(l~ ~:G~~:3dO(ld.; Single -phase 110 maintaining the stable voltage, changing of frequency 3d<ll~G::x>'J
0 ern (' C' 00 ('
AC voltage Cl.(3dU~: ;;om~mG9_! ffi9_u:J0"1P:t<; 06.,<-illlCYY.lvt'.'f':l 42V, 12V, 5V and 3.3 V DC voltage
(' .....,g 11i,:O' 000 rJ1.
0101 G~c:ro'!l CI.(UC.,:<ll2"1P:"t' Power conversion circuit m
o o 1 o s o o o ,rn o ( ) o
~3d0::x>~ll ~.Gf'O(l~ ::x>G:J50GuT~ ~:<lld.; ~.~Of~ C]~.,G9_CYY.l (Generator) 3d"!P!"('j'J 440V three-phase G=C~ffi()l::xJ~II [)l3d<l.,!O(IC ::DCUji~~!G::x>'J 3d&.,: ::> <j><;
0 C' C' (' ( '1 (' (' (' Q (' .....,g (' (' 3d&~: (j) ul 3dG§~:3dGf'"!P:o? 3dG§6>~: Electric power
AC voltage 0( CC(O?CI.(U::D~ 11 my 3d& I O(IC 6600V or higher CC(O?CI.(UG::x>'J ~:<llm"'P:"t' O(.,G::x><p;JO?C
' r::J< 0 • r,: ~ 0 ) 0 0 0 00 0
::x>GO':l'J~:"'P: (Large Container ships) O(IC 3d~!~[G.,~::x>~ll C]C.,G')CYY.l'f CC(O?G::x>'J ~U<ll<l>C(.=>!O( conversion circuit a? G(\lCIY.>~:~~ ~Q\ul ::x>~ 11
(' ('~ 1 (' (' (' (' 0 (' 0 C' • ~ (' c.(' 0 (' 1 (' (' (' 0 ('
3dCOffiGl9'J~()I ~()QlQl()2~!"!P!O(IC O?m~m 3d~!~[9_., ~~QltCUIII C1jC.,G9_CYY.l'f CX(O?:Al~ C(.=>!<j><;
.r,:o o 1::: ~o 0011r,:o o
3d~:~[CI.(G::x>0 c;>.=>: O(l'J~:'!IG~<; ~U<ll<ll 0101 G~c:Gu:G::x>'J =:m<ll (Electric power conversion
0 ·r,: 0 0 0 1 0
circuit) 0( 3d~:~l9.., Cl.(3dUCIY.>UI ::x>~ll

DC
AC DC
~
of \ I •
0~ t 0 1------ 0 1------

Conversion Step up/down

.....
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o, \ I\ I\ 1111111111 "

o ~------ 0 ~-----·
Stabilizing
and
Frequency control smoothing

~ funclamentalsofMaritimeEiectronlcApparatus FunclamentalsofMaritimeEiectronlcApparatus ~
 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

4 Electric Power Conversion Circuit

• SERIES REGULATOR

v,(

In Gnd Out Fig.!.- I

• <: c c r,:c c o r.::::

Senes regulator ®I Input voltagEO.) ~ Output voltage oom 1.4V ~9~1:1~11 )>,3d0:0'(5-'l30:~
(' 0 C' 0 (' (' ~
3V oom <tGJY:> Series regulator 'tP:ro~:tjj_:x>~ 11 Input voltage ~9 Output voltage ~:
r.:::: c • c 1 1 • • r,;:c c
<1'6-'l30:~ 'tP:r;;ror;;ro Senes regulator ry
<:Xj>OOGU::x>~ 0101 a!:(:~:~ 'tP:r;;ror;;ro ~<D:x>~ 11
r,;:c c c c 1
~'it~08'd0:~9 Input voltage :x>~ 12V ~9 Input current :x>~ 1A CJ? C)? ;;QUI m Power supply

"j0 12W ~<D:x>~ 11

r,;: c c c
3dmu:>~
...s c r,;: ern
Output voltage :x>~ SV ~<Dt): Output current :x>~ 1A ~<DUI m
c r,;: c 1

c r,;:c c c or::::: r.::::

Output power :x>~ SW ~<DCD01:1~ 11 Input power 12W ~9 Output power SW 0(.~: <1'6-'l30:~
C • C • • 1 1C::C C C C 0 C 0 1
7W :x>~ Senes regulator 3doac: al:?:~:GJY:> u1 01 ~<D:x>~ 11 m<D~~: al:(~GJY:> 3dal:(UI
Series regulator ®~ power conversion efficiency :x>~ (5W/12W) x100% = 41.7% §~:x>~ 11

~ FundamentalsofMarttlmeEiec:tronlcApparatus
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Load1 Load2
5
Fig.t.-2

FunclamentalsofMarttimeEiectronlcApparatus <ill•OIIlO._--
 111111111111111111111111

Chapter

4 Electric Power Conversion Circuit

DC to DC Converter

. Fi~.4-3 Fig.4-5

~-~
Sw L
v.( o c ~
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"-'

- - ( ; ) M FunclamentalsofMarltlmeEiectronlcApparatus
 ~ P'-'

3doaoS~~?.::Jn:'Vout~ 'l~'lt 3d06~

3dO~ ~~?.::Jn: ~n ~ ~~<n~;~'lt
(Fig.4-5) 06 ~ "~§000:t;:l.)') Boost 2 Ul
chopper ~ 3d:>.?:§L:l.)~l IGBT and 0
3
MOSFET J?.~ semiconductor switch (Sw) 8:::>
c.:c: • c:
3deG> 3d:">.?: t:JL000::l.)~ 11
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(Fig.4-6) :l.)~
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Load

'"l~ &<SCX?crl:l.)cl <;;xn~soS~oS:l.)~ Semiconductor switch~~ ON and OFF operation ~ ~o.SGY.>:§t:l.)~ •

"'lroo.S~o.S H2 ~~ ~~ :ro~~ "~Cij,~'lt3doaoS 3dCJtloS "'lo~~ "~<ij[g: "'lCil&oocl:l.)cl
ft!~ ~~<n~§~:§~ <;~soS;~~: ~o.SO(~ :l.)IOO'Y.>GoloS;~[g §~:l.)~ (Fig.4-7)1
C>"[&<Soo~ :l.)~ tt::l.)~ Chopper~~ Switching frequency §~:l.)~ 11 'Pout 3d<noS3d01J §~§~:~ Switching
frequency d? :§~ :§~ <;CW'.Cij; ~ :l.) ~ 1
a?.~ Chopper ~~ switching frequency
low frequency (l ow speed) (" e>o:>Of01J::P:>:ecr
:l.)~
c.:c (several 10kHz to
several 100kHz) §:>:~@: 3d~.t§9 :l.)~ 1
~.c;»5ro~: 'Pout ~ 3d<noS3d01]~ o?:o
c;qpoS~0:<;::Jnt a3t:;~§~: ~~ol11 3d~o1
0 £ <:: ' (' o;r,;:c: :rr:::c: ('
?.:Jn: "'Lo:>c:ro~ 3di~!CW eG>t;Oo ec::l.)~
3d::0 (Notse>oaoSc;oTCIJ')(;G>@: ~rooScost:i~
oi~ :~:3drooT 3d~l::l.)oSc;'PoS~ ~:l.)~ n
(2o~) Temperature sensor+~ Torque sensor o?.
'102 G:l.)') Data d?.3dc;oT 3d::0~9 ~~01]~
§~c;oTc;G>,~:l.)~n d?.§~ 06t~IL<n0+9
High frequency (High speed)
06too~: c0;xn:m~ d?.~ro~: :g::l.)c;@-:>9
~~?t§8:§~ (Malfunction) e>oTe>G>,¢:l.)~ u
3d~o1 @::u:>~~ Chopper 06~ ~m
, <:: •
Inverters 3dOI3dOC ::Jn:"?:<;:l.)') Power
converters ~:oa~ "06. 'l:l.)~ 1 3d<ilt: ( c;.G)
oa¢ 3d ::O~ §~<;0Tt;:l.)') -tv-r> § ::u:>~
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 111111111111111111111111
Chapter

4 Electric Power Conversion Circuit

•0

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C' C'
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C'

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c

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G6[~lot. (Fresh water pump) t~~:G<Wc: (Fluorescent light) CJ(.::D~ 60Hz AC Voltage ~~ 3dC)JO C)JO::D~ 11
C:,<' ('

0
C' C'
C'

:A(."tJCY6C <J6tOO~:roao0:m®t~<J6tqjllO'YJ3dCY6C:Ijl ;;o~:<J6t3cnO'YJ"tfJ:'f' DC voltage ~~ 3dC)JO C)JO::D~

0 1 C' C'
c

C'
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(Fig.4-8)11 ;;o~: <J6t3cnO'YJ"tfJ::A(. 3®0101 GO:G:>.YJ ao0:m1DO{ AC-DC converter :A(.~LY(cn <J6t~mO'YJ
(Converter) LY(GO>T::D~ 11

AC DC

0 1--------· t

Fig.4-8

~ FundamentalsofMaritlmeEiectronlcApparatus
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AC
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Fig.4-9

FundamentalsofM.tttmeEiectronlc:Apparatus (!)(DGf----
 111111111111111111111111

Chapter

4 Electric Power Conversion Circuit

/ .
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1-phase diode rectifier

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(Fig.4-11) 06~ Three-phase bridge rectifier §~ Three-phase voltage J? DC voltage ~- G~~:qJ?

G~@OY)::x>~ll Electrolytic capacitor J? 3d~:@l§~:3n:§~ Output DC voltage 'Y Ripple J?ogu3 0(2~
c- o c-o c C" S c o cr,: c • ~ <' o c c .
<9mw:~mtC::D~ II illlt~=cq 01J<.Det.~ 3d~:el::D~II ~-~oac Input current ::D~ ElectrolytiC
capacitor §~ Ripple J? <9uSw:~C"'i.)§~:~;;§:>~ Sinusoidal wave form ~§~::D Distorted wave form
r,::C'
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wave form ~Q)~'J::x>~3doam
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THERMOCOUPLE

RESISTANCE THERMOMETER

'C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 100.00 103.90 107.79 111.67 115.54 119.40 123.24 127.08 130.90 134.71
100 138.51 142.29 148.07 149.83 153.58 157.33 181.05 164.77 188.48 172.17
200 175.86 179.53 183.19 186.84 190.47 194.10 197.71 201.31 204.90 208.48
300 212.05 215.81 219.15 222.88 226.21 229.72 233.21 236.70 240.18 243.64
400 247.09 250.53 253.96 257.38 260.78 264.18 267.58 270.93 274.29 277.64
500 280.98 284.30 287.82 290.92 294.21 297.49 300.75 304.01 307.25 310.49
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