INDIRA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Pre stressed construction

RASIKA WANKHADE
FOURTH YEAR B. ARCH. | ELECTIVES – V | 2022-23

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CONTENTS / INDEX

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY

ESTABLISH

NEED/SIGNIICANCE

 CHAPTER 2

ADVANTAGE

DISADVANTAGE

PRINCIPLES

 CHAPTER 3

IS CODE

 CHAPTER 4

STUDY OF RSS AND PRE STRESSED BEAM

 CHAPTER 5

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY ANAYLSIS.

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Prestress is defined as a method of applying pre-compression to control the stresses

resulting due to external loads below the neutral axis of the beam tension developed
due to external load which is more than the permissible limits of the plain concrete.
The pre-compression applied (may be axial or eccentric) will induce the compressive
stress below the neutral axis or as a whole of the beam . Resulting either no tension
or compression. Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used construction. It is
substantially "prestressed" (compressed) during production, in a manner that
strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. Prestressed
concrete is used in a wide range of building and civil structures where its improved
performance can allow for longer spans, reduced structural thicknesses, and
material savings compared with simple reinforced concrete. The essence of
prestressed concrete is that once the initial compression has been applied, the
resulting material has the characteristics of high-strength concrete when subject to
any subsequent compression forces and of ductile high-strength steel when subject
to tension forces.

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HISTORY OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

A prestressed concrete member can be defined as one in which there have been
introduced internal stresses of such magnitude and distribution that the stresses.
resulting from the given external loading are counter forted to a desired value.
Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. Due to such a low tensile .
capacity, flexural cracks developed at early ages of loading in order to prevent or
reduce such cracks from developing, a concentric or .eccentric force is imposed in
the longitudinal direction of the structural element .This force prevents the cracks
from developing by eliminating or considerably reducing the tensile stresses at the
critical mid span or support sections at service . load, thereby raising the binding,
shear, and torsion capacities of the sections.The sections are then able to behave
elastically, and almost the full capacity of the concrete in compression can be
efficiently PRE-STRESS CONSTRUCTION utilized across the entire depth of the
concrete sections when all loads act on the structure, such an imposed .longitudinal
force is called prestressing force.

Prestressed construction uses tension elements in the form of cables or rods to

create a more rigid structure than would be possible with just gravity to hold it up.
This process can be used on both buildings and bridges but is most seen in the
construction of large bridges like those over rivers or oceans. Prestressed
construction is used in bridges, buildings, and other structures that need extra
support when they're being built. There are many ways that prestressed concrete
can be used in construction projects across the country today. Some examples
include: - Buildings (like skyscrapers) - Bridges –Tunnels

Eugene Freyssinet (1879-1962)

 French engineer considered the father of prestressed concrete

 Idea came to him during series of lectures given by Charles rabut fresh
engineer and lecturer who built a 23 prestressed concrete cantilever in
(1904)
 His initial recommendation for pratical use of prestressed in 1933
 Use mental with very high elastic limits
 Submit them to very stron initial tension Freyssinet built several long
sapn concrete arch bridges early in his career. Some had prestressed
components but there were limitiation because of creep.

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Gustave Magnel (1889-1955)

 Belgian professor who brought prestressed concrete to the English

speaking world.
 Spent WW2 exploring freyssinet idea and carrying out some research on
prestressed concrete
 Magnel had unique ability to communicate in English and teach
 He help to design the walnut lane bridige in Philadelphia which was the
first prestressed concrete bridge in the US.

Ulrich Finsterwalder (1987-1988)

 German engineering who developed the double cantiveler idea of

prestressed construction.
 Progressed ides that prestressed concrete can be a safe economical and
elegant solution to almost any major structural problem.

Eugene Freyssinet Gustave Magnel Ulrich Finsterwalder

In India, the applications of prestressed concrete diversified over the years. The first
prestressed concrete bridge was built in 1948 under the Assam Rail Link Project.
Among bridges, the Pamban Road Bridge at Rameswaram, Tamil NAdu, remains a
classic example of the use of prestressed concrete Girders.

Prestressed concrete was started to be used in building frames, parking structures,

stadiums, railway sleepers, transmission line poles and other types of structures and
elements. Materials for pre-stress concrete member 1. Cement 2. Concrete 3. Steel.

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THREE DIFFERENT CONCEPT

First concept

1) Prestressing to transform concrete into an elastic material

2) From this concept, the criterion of no tensile stresses was born. It is
generally believed that if there are no tensile stresses in the concrete, there
can be no cracks, and the concrete is no longer a brittle material but
becomes an elastic material.
3) From this standpoint concrete is visualized as being subject to two
systems of forces: internal prestress and external load.
4) In its simplest form, let us consider a simple rectangular beam prestressed
by a tendon through its centroidal axis.

Second concept

1) Prestressing for combination of high strength steel with concrete

2) .This concept is to consider PC as a combination of steel and concrete
similar to RC.
3) Two materials form a resisting couple against external moment.
4) (So, after cracking this concept works.)
5) PC is no longer a strange type of design. It is rather an extension and
modification of the applications of reinforced concrete to include steels
of higher strength.

Third concept

1) Prestressing to achieve load balancing.

2) This concept is not familiar in Japan.

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SIGNIFICANCE / NEED

 To offset the deficiency of tensile strength in concrete, steel reinforcement is

provided near the bottom of simple beams to carry the tensile stresses.
 Prestressing can reduce the volume of concrete required in construction,
lowering the use and transportation of materials, as well as boosting durability
and service life. Concrete is intrinsically resistant to compressive stresses, but
its resistance to tension is much lower.

AIM

 To study the comparative anaylsis of RCC and Prestressed Concrete bean

for various span.

OBJECTIVE

 Identify the different RRC and Prestressed Concrete beam for various
span.
 Explain the advantage of using various beam span.
 Comparative anaylsis of RCC and Prestressed concrete bean of various
span.

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METHODOLOGY

SELECTION OF TOPIC.

SELECTION OF SUBTOPIC.

COLLECTION OF PAPERS AND CASESTUDIES

STUDYING THE PAPERS,CASE STUDIES.

WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW ON IT.

MAKING COMPARATIVE ANAYLSIS OF CASE STUDY

MAKING CONCLUSION ON IT.

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 Advantages of Prestressed Concrete

A longer span length increases untroubled floor space and parking facilities.

Thinner slabs are important for high-rise buildings as with the same amount of cost,
it can construct more slabs than traditional thicker slabs

As the span length is larger, fewer joints are needed than in traditional RC
structures. PRE-STRESS CONSTRUCTION

Because of fewer joints, maintenance cost also becomes reduced during the design
life as joints are the major locus of weakness in a concrete building.

Under service loading conditions, the structural member sections remain untracked.
As a result steel corrosion is reduced and long-term durability is achieved

As full member section is utilized here, a higher moment of inertia, less

deformations, and high shear capacity is achieved with a lower section size

. It requires a smaller amount of construction materials

Better finishing of placed concrete.

It resists stresses that are higher than normal RCC structures and is free from
cracks.

Rapid construction with better quality control is possible.

Less maintenance is required.

For repetitive construction, prestressed concrete is more suitable than regular

concrete without prestressing.

In this type of concrete, multiple uses of formwork are possible. It can reduce the
formwork amount

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 Disadvantages of Prestressed Concrete

It requires high-strength concrete and high-tensile-strength steel wires

.The main disadvantage is construction requires additional special equipment like

jacks, anchorage, etc.

Concrete prestressing requires skilled technology. It needs highly skilled workers

under skilled supervision.

Construction cost is a little higher than RCC structures as it costs higher for high-
strength materials.

Principles of Prestressed Concrete

• Large prestressing force are applied to the member by the tendons, high bearing
stresses are developed at the ends by the anchoring devices. The anchorages are
generally designed to be meant for use only for high strength concrete work.

• Busting stresses liable to at the ends of the beam cannot be satisfactorily resisted
by low strength concrete work.

• When stress transfer to concrete has to take place by bond action, the concrete
should have a high strength concrete.

 Types of prestressing:

Pre-stressed concrete is a form of reinforced concrete that builds in compressive

stresses during construction to oppose those found when in use." It is a combination
of steel and concrete that takes advantages of the strengths of each material.

 PRINCIPLE - Using high tensile strength steel alloys producing permanent

precompression in areas subiected to Tension. A portion of tensile stress
is counteracted thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of the steel
reinforcement.
 METHODS: - a) Pre-tensioning b) Post-tensioning

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STUDY OF RCC AND PRE STRESSED BEAM

R.C.C. And Prestressed Concrete Beams, which include the design and estimates of
R.C.C. and Pre-stressed concrete beams of various spans. The aim of this work is to
design large span R.C.C. beam as well as prestressed concrete portal beams variety
and then compare the results. The idea is to reach a superior conclusion regarding
the superiority of the two techniques over one another. A couple of cases were
comprehensively analyses by ETABS 2015 software and designed manually of both
the R.C.C. and Prestressed concrete beams. Based on the manual design
procedure, a computer program in MS EXCEL was developed for designing both
R.C.C. and prestressed concrete portal beam. A separate program was developed
for estimating. A number of cases were studied from 10m, 12m, 15m and 18m span.
In India R.C.C structures are commonly used for residential as well as commercial
buildings or we can say for short span buildings. In R.C.C. beams depth of beam
increases with increase with span because of deflection limitation. To surmise,
R.C.C beams shall be the suitable for small to medium span but the superiority of
prestressed concrete beam undisputable for longer spans.

Prestressed concrete is the most recent major form of construction introduced in the
structural engineering because it has its own advantage like, the size or dimension of
structural members are reduced, which may increase the clearances or reduce
storey heights. It also permits the use of large spans (greater than 30 m) with
shallow members, even when heavy load are encountered. The prestressing
technique has eliminated the weakness of concrete in tension and hence crack free
members of structure are obtained.

Now a day’s in India Prestressed Concrete structure is more popular as it will give
the more storey heights in commercial building and industrial building. For small
span R.C.C. structure is more suitable but where column spacing is more and space
requirement is essential then prestressed concrete structure is most suitable for
large span.

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CASE STUDY: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

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 Conclusion

It
could be concluded that the prestressed concrete beam is economical for span
10 m to 18 m in terms of cost. As the span is increasing the cost percentage also
goes on increasing with reduction in beam section. In prestressed concrete the
beam section is reduced and it will give more headroom and results in lesser
deflection as compared to R.C.C. beam.

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Rasika wankhade | INDIRA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

FOURTH YEAR B. Arch. |ELECTIVE V| 2022-23