‫اﳌﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﱰﺑﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫وﺗﻚ‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 1‬ج م ع‬ ‫ا ﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻲ ‪ :1‬إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﳌﺎدة وﲢﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻖ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻮدة‪ -‬ﺳﲑات‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﳊﺼﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪ :1‬إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﳌﺎدة وﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺪرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‪ :‬ﻋﺪة ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺻﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫اﳊﺠﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﻲ‪ 4 :‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﳊﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪ :2‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﻴﺔ‪2023 -2022 :‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ اﳊﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‪ :‬إﻗﱰاح ﺣﻠﻮل ﻋﻘﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﻧﻈﺎم زراﻋﻲ ﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﳌﺎدة ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻴﻮي‪.‬‬
‫اﳍﺪف اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت واﳊﻴﻮان‪.‬‬
‫اﳌﻌﺎرف اﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻮﻫﺎ وﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ إﱃ إﻣﺪاد ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻐﺬ ت‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺘﻤﺎدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺧﺮات‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﳌﻮرق ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﳌﺮﻛﺐ )اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ( ﰲ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ وﺗﺘﻄﻮر إ ً‬
‫اﻟﻠﺤﺎء ﻧﺴﻴﺞ وﻋﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﻞ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ ﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﺎوﻟﺔ ﺗُﺴﻤﻰ ﻷ ﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻐﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪرا ﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺧﻼ ﻣﺮاﻓﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ اﳍﻀﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺬي ﻳُﻮزﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻼ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﻐﺬ ت ﻹﺻﻄﻨﺎع ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ )ﺟﺪﻳﺪة( ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﱪوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﻫﺪاف اﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﲡﻨﻴﺪ اﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪-‬ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﳌﻌﺎرف‪-‬إﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎء اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‪-‬اﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ واﻟﻠﻐﻮي اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪-‬اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ‪-‬إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺪرﺳﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﺒﻮرة‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﲑ اﻟﺪرس‬
‫وﺿﻌﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﻄﻼق‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﳊﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﳋﻼ وﺗﺰاﻳﺪ أﺑﻌﺎدﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ إﻻ إذا ﺗﻮﻓﺮت اﳌﻮاد اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻫﺬﻩ اﳋﻼ‬
‫اﳉﺪﻳﺪة وﺗﺰاﻳﺪ أﺑﻌﺎدﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي )اﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي( ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ اﳊﻲ؟‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺼﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨُﺒﻴﺘﺔ )أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪ :1‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ﻫﻮ اﳌﺪﺧﺮات‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪ :2‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ﻫﻮ اﳌﺎء واﻷﻣﻼح اﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﱰﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨُﺒﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗُﻘﱰح ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲰﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ وزن ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬور اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎء أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش ﳊﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑَـ ﱠﲔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ا ﻬﺮي ﳋﻼ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وأﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش إﺣﺘﻮاء ﻫﺬﻩ اﳋﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﺗﺘﻠﻮن ﻷزرق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ اﻟﺪاﻛﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎء اﻟﻴﻮد‪ ،‬اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب(‬
‫ﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ُﳝﺜﻞ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﺪو‬

‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(1‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ّ (1‬ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ُﻣﺼﺎدﻗﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺻﺤﺔ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻴﺎن ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫إﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪:(1‬‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( ﻣﻨﺤﲎ ﺗﻐﲑات اﻟﻮزن ﺑـ)غ( ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬور اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎء أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑـ)اﻷ م(‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ اﻟﻮزن اﳉﺎف ﻟﻠﺒﺬور ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ إﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺧﺮات اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﻔﻠﻘﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ﰲ ﳕﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺪﺧﺮات‪.‬‬
‫ﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب( ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﺎء ﻗﺒﻞ وأﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹﻧﺘﺎش‪ :‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﺎء ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻛﺒﲑة اﳊﺠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺸﺎء اﳌﺪﺧﺮة ﻛﻮن اﻟﺒﺬرة ﰲ ﻓﱰة اﳊﻴﺎة‬
‫اﻟﺒﻄﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش‪ :‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﺎء ﻣﺘﺂﻛﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳊﻮاف وﺻﻐﲑة اﳊﺠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ إﻣﺎﻫﺔ )ﻫﺪم( اﻟﻨﺸﺎء وﲢﻮﻟﻪ إﱃ ﺳﻜﺮ ت ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ )ﻏﻠﻮﻛﻮز( ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‪ :‬أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش ﺗﺘﻢ إﻣﺎﻫﺔ اﳌﻮاد اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﻌﻘﺪة اﳌﺪﺧﺮة ﰲ اﻟﺒﺬور إﱃ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ) ُﻣﻐﺬ ت( ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ﻫﻮ اﳌﺪﺧﺮات‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪ ،1‬وﻳُﻠﻐﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪ 2‬ﺣﻴﺚ اﳌﺎء واﻷﻣﻼح اﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﱰﺑﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ )اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﳌﻮرق(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻮ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ )اﳌﺮﻛﺐ(‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗُﻘﱰح ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺟﺮاء ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(22‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺸﲑ اﳊﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ واﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺸﲑ ﺣﻠﻘﻲ دون ﻗﻄﻊ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ )ﻧﺰع اﻟﻘﺸﺮة واﻟﻠﺤﺎء( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎق‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﻮر ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(2‬‬
‫ﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎ ﺟﺮاء ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺔ وﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ُﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺰم اﻟﻮﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ )اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﻴﺔ( ﰲ ﺳﺎق ﻧﺒﺎت أﺧﻀﺮ ﰒ ﻧﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم أ ً‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(3‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(2‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(3‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺘﲔ )‪ (2‬و)‪ّ (3‬ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ُﻣﺼﺎدﻗﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻴﺎن ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫إﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪:(2‬‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‪:‬‬
‫أن اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ )اﳌﺮﻛﺐ( ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ) ُﻣﻐﺬ ت( وﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺎء وأﻣﻼح ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﳕﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب( ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺸﲑ اﳊﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‪:‬‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮر إﻧﺘﻔﺎخ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺸﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻌﺪم ﻣﺮورﻫﺎ ﻟﻨﺰع اﻟﻠﺤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎﻃﺆ ﳕﻮ اﳉﺬور‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم وﺻﻮل ﻣﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ إﱃ ا ﻤﻮع اﳉﺬري ﻟﻨﺰع اﻟﻠﺤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﳕﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫إﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ :(3‬ﲤﺜﻞ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ (3‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﳎﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺔ وﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ُﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺰم اﻟﻮﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ )اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﻴﺔ( ﰲ ﺳﺎق ﻧﺒﺎت أﺧﻀﺮ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻠﺤﺎء ﻧﺴﻴﺞ وﻋﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﻞ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻷ ﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻐﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ واﳋﻼ اﳌﺮاﻓﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬
‫اﻷ ﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻐﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻛﻞ أﻧﺒﻮب ﻏﺮ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ ﻏﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺔ أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﺎوﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺿﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪرا ﺎ اﳉﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻠﻮزﻳﺔ ﲰﻴﻜﺔ‪ ،‬أﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺪرا ﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺗُﻌﺮف ﺑـﺎﻟﺼﻔﻴﺤﺔ اﻟﻐﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺪﻣﺞ ﻫﻴﻮﱃ اﳋﻼ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲢﺘﻮي اﳋﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﻮﱃ وﻓﺠﻮة ﻋﺼﺎرﻳﺔ ﻛﺒﲑة وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺪﳝﺔ اﻟﻨﻮاة ﳑﺎ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﲑة اﳊﻴﺎة‪.‬‬
‫اﳋﻼ اﳌﺮاﻓﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮاﻓﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة أو أﻛﺜﺮ ذات ﺟﺪران ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻠﻮزﻳﺔ وﻧﻮاة ﺿﺨﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ دورﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻼ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻟﻴًﺎ )ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮاﻓﻘﺔ وأﺧﺮى ﻏﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‪ :‬ﳝﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﺤﺎء ﺑُﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ داء دورﻩ واﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻷوراق إﱃ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻛﻮن ﺧﻼ ﻩ ُﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ إﱃ اﻟﺴﺎق‬
‫ﻓﺎﳉﺬور‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻮ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
 ‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان ﻫﻮ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ اﳍﻀﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان‪ ،‬ﺗُﻘﱰح ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ (4‬اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻐﺬاء ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )اﳊﻠﻴﺐ( وﺑﻼزﻣﺎ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب( ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺜﻞ رﺳﻢ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﻄﺮق ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﳍﻀﻢ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(4‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ّ (4‬ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان ُﻣﺼﺎدﻗﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻴﺎن ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان‪:‬‬
‫إﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪:(4‬‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻐﺬاء ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )اﳊﻠﻴﺐ( وﺑﻼزﻣﺎ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‪:‬‬
‫أن اﳊﻠﻴﺐ ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺎء وأﻣﻼح ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ( وﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻼزﻣﺎ اﻟﺪم ﻓﻬﻲ ﲢﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺎء وأﻣﻼح ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ( وﻣﻮاد‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ )ﻣﻐﺬ ت(‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﳌﻮاد اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﻌﻘﺪة اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻧﺘﻨﺎوﳍﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻄﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ )ﻣﻐﺬ ت(‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‪ :‬ﻳُﻬﻀﻢ اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺬي ﻧﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻪ )ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﳉﻬﺎز اﳍﻀﻤﻲ إﱃ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ )ﻣﻐﺬ ت( ﺳﻬﻠﺔ اﻹﻣﺘﺼﺎص واﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب( رﺳﻢ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﻄﺮق ﻧﻘﻞ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﳍﻀﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﳌﺎء واﻷﻣﻼح اﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪم واﻟﻠﻤﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪﻣﻮي واﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﻐﻠﻮﻛﻮز واﻷﲪﺎض اﻷﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪﻣﻮي‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻷﲪﺎض اﻟﺪﲰﺔ وﻏﻠﻴﺴﲑول ﰲ اﻟﻠﻤﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ اﳍﻀﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪم أو اﻟﻠﻤﻒ اﻟﺬي ﻳُﻮزﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻼ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﻐﺬ ت ﻹﺻﻄﻨﺎع ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ )ﺟﺪﻳﺪة( ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﱪوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‪ ،‬وﺗﺪﻋﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑـﺎﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي )اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان ﻫﻮ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ اﳍﻀﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
 ‫اﳋﻼﺻﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻮﻫﺎ وﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ إﱃ إﻣﺪاد ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻐﺬ ت‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺘﻤﺎدا ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺪﺧﺮات‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﳌﻮرق ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﳌﺮﻛﺐ )اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ( ﰲ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ وﺗﺘﻄﻮر إ ً‬
‫اﻟﻠﺤﺎء ﻧﺴﻴﺞ وﻋﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﻞ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ ﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﺎوﻟﺔ ﺗُﺴﻤﻰ ﺑـﺎﻷ ﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻐﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪرا ﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﺮ ﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺧﻼ ُﻣﺮاﻓﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ اﳍﻀﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺬي ﻳُﻮزﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻼ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﻐﺬ ت ﻹﺻﻄﻨﺎع ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ )ﺟﺪﻳﺪة( ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﱪوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﱘ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬أﳒﺰ رﲰًﺎ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻴًﺎ وﻇﻴﻔﻴًﺎ ُﻣﺒﺴﻄًﺎ ﻳُﻮﺿﺢ آﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫إﳒﺎز رﺳﻢ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻲ وﻇﻴﻔﻲ ُﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻳُﻮﺿﺢ آﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎش‪ :‬ﻫﻮ إﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺒﺬرة ﻣﻦ اﳊﻴﺎة اﻟﺒﻄﻴﺌﺔ إﱃ اﳊﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﳌﺮﻛﺐ )اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻠﻮل ﻟﺰج ﻏﲏ ﳌﻮاد اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ وﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺎء وأﻣﻼح‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ( ﳝﺘﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﱰﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫ا ﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻲ ‪ :1‬إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﳌﺎدة وﲢﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻮم‪......................... :‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻢ واﻟﻠﻘﺐ‪................................ :‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪ :1‬إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﳌﺎدة وﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺪرﻫﺎ‬
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‫اﳊﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪............................................... :2‬‬
‫‪..............................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‪.........................................:‬‬
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‫وﺿﻌﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﻄﻼق‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﳊﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﳋﻼ وﺗﺰاﻳﺪ أﺑﻌﺎدﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ إﻻ إذا ﺗﻮﻓﺮت اﳌﻮاد اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻫﺬﻩ اﳋﻼ‬
‫اﳉﺪﻳﺪة وﺗﺰاﻳﺪ أﺑﻌﺎدﻫﺎ‪..‬‬
‫اﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪........................................................................................................................................... :‬‬
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‫اﻟﺘﻘﺼﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨُﺒﻴﺘﺔ )أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪..........................................................................................................................................:1‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪..........................................................................................................................................:2‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨُﺒﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗُﻘﱰح ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲰﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ وزن ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬور اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎء أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش ﳊﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑَـ ﱠﲔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ا ﻬﺮي ﳋﻼ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وأﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺘﺎش إﺣﺘﻮاء ﻫﺬﻩ اﳋﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﺗﺘﻠﻮن ﻷزرق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ اﻟﺪاﻛﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎء اﻟﻴﻮد‪ ،‬اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب(‬
‫ﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ُﳝﺜﻞ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﺪو‬

‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ّ (1‬ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺘﺔ ُﻣﺼﺎدﻗﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺻﺤﺔ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
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‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ )اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﳌﻮرق(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪............................................................................................................................................ :‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗُﻘﱰح ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺟﺮاء ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(22‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺸﲑ اﳊﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ واﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺸﲑ ﺣﻠﻘﻲ دون ﻗﻄﻊ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ )ﻧﺰع اﻟﻘﺸﺮة واﻟﻠﺤﺎء( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎق‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﻮر ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(2‬‬
‫ﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﺟﺮاء ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺔ وﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ُﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺰم اﻟﻮﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ )اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﻴﺔ( ﰲ ﺳﺎق ﻧﺒﺎت أﺧﻀﺮ ﰒ ﻧﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ً‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪.(3‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(2‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(3‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺘﲔ )‪ (2‬و)‪ّ (3‬ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ُﻣﺼﺎدﻗﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
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‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪............................................................................................................................................ :‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﳋﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان‪ ،‬ﺗُﻘﱰح ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )أ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ (4‬اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻐﺬاء ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )اﳊﻠﻴﺐ( وﺑﻼزﻣﺎ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ب( ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺜﻞ رﺳﻢ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﻄﺮق ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫اﳌﻐﺬ ت اﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﳍﻀﻢ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪(4‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ )‪ّ (4‬ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳊﻴﻮان ُﻣﺼﺎدﻗﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
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 ‫اﳋﻼﺻﺔ‪:‬‬
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‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬أﳒﺰ رﲰًﺎ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻴًﺎ وﻇﻴﻔﻴًﺎ ُﻣﺒﺴﻄًﺎ ﻳُﻮﺿﺢ آﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﳊﻴﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎش‪ :‬ﻫﻮ إﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺒﺬرة ﻣﻦ اﳊﻴﺎة اﻟﺒﻄﻴﺌﺔ إﱃ اﳊﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﻎ اﳌﺮﻛﺐ )اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻠﻮل ﻟﺰج ﻏﲏ ﳌﻮاد اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ وﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺎء وأﻣﻼح‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ( ﳝﺘﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﱰﺑﺔ‪.‬‬