FRACTURE:

Definition: A fracture is a broken bone, the same as a crack or a break. A bone may
be completely fractured or partially fractured in any number of ways (crosswise,
lengthwise, in multiple pieces).

There are many types of Fractures but we’ll discuss a few types here:

(i)Stable Fracture:

A bone that is broken, but with minimal damage at the ends of bones. The
ends of the bones line up, nearly matching, allowing for easier healing than with
more severe fractures.

(ii)Spiral Fracture:

Spiral fractures are a type of broken bone. They happen when one of your
bones is broken with a twisting motion. They create a fracture line that wraps around
your bone and looks like a corkscrew. You might see spiral fractures referred to as
complete fractures.
(iii)Transverse Fracture:

Transverse fractures occur when your bone is broken perpendicular to its

length. The fracture pattern is a straight line that runs in the opposite direction of
your bone. They can happen to any bone in your body, but usually affect longer
bones after a trauma like a fall or accident.

(iv)Open/Compound Fracture:

An open fracture, also called a compound fracture, is a fracture in which there

is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone. Most often,
this wound is caused by a fragment of bone breaking through the skin at the
moment of the injury.

(V)Close Fracture:
 A closed fracture is when the bone breaks but there is no puncture or open
wound in the skin. An open fracture is one in which the bone breaks through the
skin; it may then recede back into the wound and not be visible through the skin.

(Vi)Single Fracture:

Fractures that have a single straight-line break include: Oblique

fractures. Transverse fractures. Longitudinal fractures (breaks that happen along the
length of the bone).

(Vii)Hairline Fracture:

Hairline or stress fractures are tiny cracks on a bone that often develop in the
foot or lower leg. It is common for hairline fractures to occur as a result of sports that
involve repetitive jumping or running. Hairline fractures may also occur in the upper
limb and are often related to falls or accidents.

(Viii)Green Stick Fracture:

A greenstick fracture occurs when a bone bends and cracks, instead of

breaking completely into separate pieces. The fracture looks similar to what
happens when you try to break a small, "green" branch on a tree. Most greenstick
fractures occur in children younger than 10 years of age.
(ix)Buckle Fracture:

Buckle fractures are a type of broken bone that almost always affects kids.
They’re an incomplete fracture. Buckle fractures get their name from how they
happen. They’re a compression fracture, which means the break is caused by
sudden pressure on a bone. This pressure — usually caused by a fall — pushes on
your child’s bone hard enough to bulge it out of place. The pressure “buckles” the
bone without snapping it.

(X)Oblique Fracture:

Oblique fractures occur when your bone is broken at an angle. The fracture is
a straight line that's angled across the width of your bone. They're usually caused by
landing on your bone at an angle after a fall, or when your bone is hit suddenly from
an angle (like in a car accident).
(Xi)Segmental Fracture:

Segmental fractures are a type of broken bone. They happen when one of
your bones is broken in at least two places, leaving a segment of your bone totally
separated by the breaks. These fractures can affect any long bone in your body.

(Xii)Comminuted Fracture:

The term comminuted fracture refers to a bone that is broken in at least two
places. Comminuted fractures are caused by severe traumas like car accidents. You
will need surgery to repair your bone, and recovery can take a year or longer.
(Xiii)Compression Fracture:

Compression fractures are small breaks or cracks in the vertebrae. Fractures

in the bone cause the spine to weaken and collapse. Compression fractures usually
happen in the thoracic (middle) part of the spine, especially in the lower thoracic
area.

(Xiv)Displaced Fracture:

The ends of the bone have come out of alignment. In such cases, the broken
bone needs to be set back into alignment so it will heal properly. This is called a
reduction.
(Xv)Non-Displaced Fracture:

A non-displaced fracture is one in which the bone cracks or breaks but retains
its proper alignment. Non-displaced fractures often require only bracing, booting or
casting treatment.