Al

li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
shapes

em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
expressed in square unit

ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w ,
gl h no N n r Tof
ig t-A
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
Mensuration is the measuring of geometric magnitudes, lengths, areas and
Area is a measurement of the amount of surface of an object. Also, the space

volumes. Specific formulas are used to calculate the areas of various geometric
inside the borders of a geometric construction is the area of that figure. Area is

Rev.00| Pag.51
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 Al
li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
sum of all of the angles is 360°.

T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w ,
gl h no N n r Tof
ig t-A
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
parallel to each other. All of the angles of a rectangle are right angles and the
A rectangle is a 4-sided figure with opposite sides that are equal in length and

Rev.00| Pag.52
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 Al
li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
area of a square is the same as that of a rectangle:

N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
that are parallel to each other

T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w , of
ig t-A
Area = Length × Width or, A = L × W

gl h no N n r T
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
All the angles contained in a square are right angles and the sum of all of the
A square is a 4-sided figure with all four sides of equal length and opposite sides

angles is 360°. A square is actually a rectangle with 4 equal sides. Therefore the

Rev.00| Pag.53
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 Al
li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re

obtuse triangle has one angle greater than 90°

t f ed in de de pr
-An isosceles triangle has 2 sides of equal length

ro in t re m op
m h d a e
-An equilateral triangle has 3 sides of equal length
always equal to 180°

-A scalene triangle has three sides of differing length

N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w ,
gl h no N n r Tof
ig t-A
. ol S
Triangles are often classified by their sides:

e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
angles less than 90°. A right triangle has one right angle (a 90° angle). An
Triangles can also be classified by their angles: An acute triangle has all three
A triangle is a three-sided figure. The sum of the three angles in a triangle is

Rev.00| Pag.54
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 Al
li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w ,
gl h no N n r Tof
ig t-A
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
Rev.00| Pag.55
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 Al
li

trapezoid is:
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Area = 1/2(Base₁ + Base₂) × Height

Sa n nt
w ,
gl h no N n r Tof
ig t-A
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
The sum of the angles in a trapezoid is 360°. The formula for the area of a

t
A trapezoid is a four-sided figure with one pair of parallel sides known as base₁
and base₂ and a height which is the perpendicular distance between the bases

Rev.00| Pag.56
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 Al
li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
is equal to the diameter times π (3.141 6).

re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w , of
ig t-A
A circle is a closed, curved, plane figure

gl h no N n r T
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
Every point on the circle is an equal distance from the center of the circle. The
diameter is the distance across the circle (through the center). The radius is the
distance from the center to the edge of the circle. The diameter is always twice
the length of the radius. The circumference of a circle, or distance around a circle

Rev.00| Pag.57
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 °
Al
Circle:

li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w ,
gl h no N n r Tof
ig t-A
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
Rev.00| Pag.58
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 °
Al
li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w ,
gl h no N n r Tof
ig t-A
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
Wing surface area is important to aircraft performance.

rt, ma gl
w y
wing "chord" dimension is similar to the area of a rectangle.

ith be
The wingspan, S, is the length of the wing from wingtip to wingtip

ou
t
a general formula for many wing shapes that can be described using an average
precise dimensions for the clearly defined geometric area of the wing. However,
There are many different shapes of wings. To calculate wing area exactly requires

Rev.00| Pag.59
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC
 °
Al
li
in A n
co tel ny Th form
MATHEMATICS

pi lec un e
ed tu a co ati
, d al uth nt on
is pr or en co
tri op iz ts n
bu e ed a ta
te rty u re ine
d, ri se pr d
do gh o ote in
w ts. f th ct thi
n e s
pr loa Unl e c d b tra
io de es on y in
r w d s te co in
rit , pu oth nts py g d
te b e w rig o
n lis rw il h cu
ag h is l b t l m
re ed e s e aw en
em o ta co s, t a
en r us ted nsi tra re
t f ed in de de pr
ro in t re m op
m h d a e
N any is d a v rk a rty
ex w o io n o
t-A a cu la d f N
T y, i me tion des ex
Sa n nt
w , of
ig t-A
The formula for calculating wing area is:

gl h no N n r T
. ol S
e co ext ight ag
or nt -A s. l.
in en T S
pa ts a
Area of a Wing = Wing Span × Mean Chord or AW = SC

rt, ma gl
w y
ith be
ou
t
Rev.00| Pag.60
GEOMETRY
ARITHMETIC